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  • Articles  (507)
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  • Humans  (437)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (507)
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  • 1
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    NGF and Alzheimer's: hopes and fears (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Better numbers on primate research (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11642762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Humans ; Literature ; *Primates ; *Statistics as Topic ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes an abscisic acid response element (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: The mechanism by which phytohormones, like abscisic acid (ABA), regulate gene expression is unknown. An activity in nuclear extracts that interacts with the ABA response element (ABRE) from the 5' regulatory region of the wheat Em gene was identified. A complementary DNA clone was isolated whose product is a DNA binding protein (EmBP-1) that interacts specifically with an 8-base pair (bp) sequence (CACGTGGC) in the ABRE. A 2-bp mutation in this sequence prevented binding of EmBP-1. The same mutation reduced the ability of the ABRE to confer ABA responsiveness on a viral promoter in a transient assay. The 8-bp EmBP-1 target sequence was found to be conserved in several other ABA-responsive promoters and in promoters from plants that respond to signals other than ABA. Similar sequences are found in promoters from mammals, yeast, and in the major late promoter of adenovirus. The deduced amino acid sequence of EmBP-1 contains conserved basic and leucine zipper domains found in transcription factors in plants, yeast, and mammals. EmBP-1 may be a member of a highly conserved family of proteins that recognize a core sequence found in the regulatory regions of various genes that are integrated into a number of different response pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guiltinan, M J -- Marcotte, W R Jr -- Quatrano, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):267-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2145628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Leucine Zippers/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Plants/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Triticum/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Functional evidence for an RNA template in telomerase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: The RNA moiety of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase from the ciliate Euplotes crassus was identified and its gene was sequenced. Functional analysis, in which oligonucleotides complementary to portions of the telomerase RNA were tested for their ability to prime telomerase in vitro, showed that the sequence 5' CAAAACCCCAAA 3' in this RNA is the template for synthesis of telomeric TTTTGGGG repeats by the Euplotes telomerase. The data provide a direct demonstration of a template function for a telomerase RNA and demarcate the outer boundaries of the telomeric template. Telomerase can now be defined as a specialized reverse transcriptase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shippen-Lentz, D -- Blackburn, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):546-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Ciliophora/enzymology/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/*genetics ; Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Slow going for blood substitutes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pool, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1655-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Blood Substitutes/adverse effects ; Hemoglobins/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A mechanism for social selection and successful altruism (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Within the framework of neo-Darwinism, with its focus on fitness, it has been hard to account for altruism behavior that reduces the fitness of the altruist but increases average fitness in society. Many population biologists argue that, except for altruism to close relatives, human behavior that appears to be altruistic amounts to reciprocal altruism, behavior undertaken with an expectation of reciprocation, hence incurring no net cost to fitness. Herein is proposed a simple and robust mechanism, based on human docility and bounded rationality that can account for the evolutionary success of genuinely altruistic behavior. Because docility-receptivity to social influence-contributes greatly to fitness in the human species, it will be positively selected. As a consequence, society can impose a "tax" on the gross benefits gained by individuals from docility by inducing docile individuals to engage in altruistic behaviors. Limits on rationality in the face of environmental complexity prevent the individual from avoiding this "tax." An upper bound is imposed on altruism by the condition that there must remain a net fitness advantage for docile behavior after the cost to the individual of altruism has been deducted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Economics ; Humans ; Learning ; Models, Psychological ; Politics ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Mediation of wound-related Rous sarcoma virus tumorigenesis by TGF-beta (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: In Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-infected chickens, wounding leads to tumor formation with nearly 100% frequency in tissues that would otherwise remain tumor-free. Identifying molecular mediators of this phenomenon should yield important clues to the mechanisms involved in RSV tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGF-beta is present locally shortly after wounding, but not unwounded controls. In addition, subcutaneous administration of recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) could substitute completely for wounding in tumor induction. A treatment protocol of four doses of 800 nanograms of TGF-beta resulted in v-src-expressing tumors with 100% frequency; four doses of only 10 nanograms still led to tumor formation in 80% of the animals. This effect was specific, as other growth factors with suggested roles in wound healing did not elicit the same response. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) or TGF-alpha had no effect, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) yielded only occasional tumors after longer latency. TGF-beta release during the wound-healing response may thus be a critical event that creates a conducive environment for RSV tumorigenesis and may act as a cofactor for transformation in this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieweke, M H -- Thompson, N L -- Sporn, M B -- Bissell, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1656-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Chickens ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sarcoma, Avian/complications/*pathology ; Swine ; Transforming Growth Factors/analysis/*pharmacology ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries/complications/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Asbestos and carcinogenicity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, J C -- McDonald, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):844.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2168090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asbestos/*adverse effects ; Asbestos, Serpentine ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Mesothelioma/*etiology ; Mining ; Occupational Diseases/*etiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Interaction of Hsp 70 with newly synthesized proteins: implications for protein folding and assembly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-18
    Description: The 70-kilodalton family of heat shock proteins (Hsp 70) has been implicated in posttranslational protein assembly and translocation. Binding of cytosolic forms of Hsp 70 (Hsp 72,73) with nascent proteins in the normal cell was investigated and found to be transient and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent. Interaction of Hsp 72,73 with newly synthesized proteins appeared to occur cotranslationally, because nascent polypeptides released prematurely from polysomes in vivo can be isolated in a complex with Hsp 72,73. Moreover, isolation of polysomes from short-term [35S]Met-labeled cells (pulsed) revealed that Hsp 72,73 associated with nascent polypeptide chains. In cells experiencing stress, newly synthesized proteins coimmunoprecipitated with Hsp 72,73; however, in contrast to normal cells, interaction with Hsp 72,73 was not transient. A model consistent with these data suggests that under normal growth conditions, cytosolic Hsp 72,73 interact transiently with nascent polypeptides to facilitate proper folding, and that metabolic stress interferes with these events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckmann, R P -- Mizzen, L E -- Welch, W J -- GM 33551/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 18;248(4957):850-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2188360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Azetidinecarboxylic Acid/pharmacology ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/metabolism ; Puromycin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Mycoplasmas in the AIDS spotlight (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):682-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; HIV/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Liver/microbiology ; Mycoplasma/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/standards ; Research Design ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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