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  • 1
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    Development of a Numerical Model to Calculate Heat Transfer in a Cement-Based Material Incorporated with Expanded Perlite Filled with Aerogel (2020)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-31
    Print ISSN: 0195-928X
    Digitale ISSN: 1572-9567
    Thema: Physik
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  • 2
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    Thermal conductivity of multicomponent polyatomic dilute gas mixtures (1997)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 1997-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0195-928X
    Digitale ISSN: 1572-9567
    Thema: Physik
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  • 3
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    Hypersound Damping in Vitreous Silica Measured by Ultrafast Acoustics (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-16
    Beschreibung: Recently, an alternative way of measuring hypersound attenuation in silica thin films using ultrafast acoustics was proposed. The attenuation of longitudinal acoustic phonons around 250 GHz has been measured in vitreous silica deposited on a silicon substrate. This method is based on the emission of a short-acoustic pulse from a thin-metallic layer on top of the sample. The high frequency content of the pulse is optically detected in the silicon substrate after propagation in silica. By comparing the signal obtained for various film thicknesses, we can precisely extract sound attenuation in silica in the sub-terahertz range. In order to reach higher and higher frequencies, it is needed to improve both acoustic emission and detection. Concerning emission, it is governed by the thin metallic layer deposited on top which converts the ultrashort optical pulse in an acoustic pulse. Usually, Al is preferred due to its efficiency in light-sound conversion. In this work, the high frequency content of the acoustic emission was improved by studying the influence of the chemical nature, the thickness, and the deposition parameters of the transducer on the detection of ultra-high frequencies in the substrate. As a result of this optimization, it is expected that the hypersound attenuation can be measured in silica up to 350 GHz. A second conclusion of this work is an alternative way of emitting the acoustic pulse based on a resonance effect.
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  • 4
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    Composition Influence on the Thermo-optical Properties and Luminescence Efficiency of Europium-Doped Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-19
    Beschreibung: In this work, the influence of the composition on the thermal and thermo-optical properties and luminescence of europium-doped calcium aluminosilicate glasses is investigated. High purity reagents were used to prepare samples with nominal compositions: $2.5\hbox {Eu}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3},\,4.1\hbox {MgO},\,(7 + x)\hbox {SiO}_{2},\,(47.4 - x/2)\hbox {CaO},\,\hbox {and} (39 - x/2)\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3},\,x = (0, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42,\,\hbox {and}\,47)\,(\hbox {in mass}\%)$ 2.5 Eu 2 O 3 , 4.1 MgO , ( 7 + x ) SiO 2 , ( 47.4 - x / 2 ) CaO , and ( 39 - x / 2 ) Al 2 O 3 , x = ( 0 , 22 , 27 , 32 , 37 , 42 , and 47 ) ( in mass % ) . The ratio CaO/ Al $_{2}$ 2 O $_{3}$ 3 was kept at 1.2. At room temperature, measurements of the specific heat, mass density, temperature coefficient of the optical path length, and refractive index were performed. Two-beam thermal lens spectroscopy in the mismatch mode was used to determine the absolute values of the thermal diffusivity at room temperature. Using the thermal lens signal, the rate of heat generated by the nonradiative process was estimated, which showed a large decrease with increasing silica content. The decrease of this parameter can be related to the increase of the luminescence efficiency, which agrees with the results of luminescence spectroscopy. These results suggest an increase in the luminescence efficiency of europium-doped calcium aluminosilicate glasses at increments of increasing silica content.
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  • 5
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    Thermal-Lens Study on the Distance-Dependent Energy Transfer from Rhodamine 6G to Gold Nanoparticles (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-29
    Beschreibung: A study on energy transfer from the Rhodamine 6G (donor) to gold nanoparticles (acceptor) is investigated using a laser-based dual-beam thermal-lens technique. The nanoparticles are observed to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of the dye molecule via a nonradiative energy transfer mechanism. The influence of nanoparticle concentration $(0.09\,\hbox {nM}\,\hbox {to}\,0.24\,\hbox {nM})$ ( 0.09 nM to 0.24 nM ) on the energy transfer mechanism with Rhodamine 6G $(1\;\upmu \hbox {M})$ ( 1 μ M ) is investigated. Analysis of the results indicates that the energy transfer efficiency is high (more than 50 %) in the presence of nanoparticles and the efficiency is enhanced with an increase in the nanoparticle concentration. The distance between the nanoparticle and dye molecule is evaluated on the basis of the nanomaterial surface energy transfer model. The thermal-lens studies probe the nonradiative path of de-excitation of the excited molecule, and the comparison between this technique and the conventional fluorescence method in measuring the distance as well as the energy-transfer efficiency clearly indicates that the thermal-lens technique is a complementary approach to study the energy-transfer mechanism between a donor and an acceptor.
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  • 6
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    Generalized Fundamental Equation of State for the Normal Alkanes $(\hbox {C}_{5}{-}\hbox {C}_{50})$ (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-30
    Beschreibung: Based on the extended three-parameter corresponding-states principle and the most reliable experimental data of $n$ n -alkanes, a generalized fundamental equation of state for technical calculations has been developed. This equation is in the form of the reduced Helmholtz free energy and takes the reduced density, reduced temperature, and acentric factor as variables. The proposed equation satisfies the critical conditions and Maxwell rule, shows correct behavior for the ideal curves and for the derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials, and allows the calculation of all thermodynamic properties including phase equilibrium of $n$ n -alkanes from $n$ n -pentane $(\hbox {C}_{5})$ ( C 5 ) to $n$ n -pentacontane $(\hbox {C}_{50})$ ( C 50 ) over a temperature range from the triple point to 700 K with pressures up to 100 MPa. The new equation differs from the previous generalized equations of other authors by a wider range of variation of the acentric factor $\omega =0.25$ ω = 0.25 to 1.8, and by more accurately predicting thermal properties.
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 7
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    Thermal Resistance Formulation of Fourier Equation and Its Application in the Study of Inhomogeneous Materials and Inverse Problems (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-01
    Beschreibung: In this work, considering that all the thermal properties of a sample depend on the position, it is shown that the Fourier heat transport equation can be written in terms of just the square of the thermal effusivity, by introducing the thermal resistance as a new variable. The conditions, in which analytical solutions of this equation can be obtained, are discussed. Based on these results, an inversion method is proposed to retrieve the profile of the thermal property profiles, if the surface temperature is provided. The method requires the assumption of a local thermal-effusivity profile, such that the temperature profile can be analytically obtained, to generate a global thermal-effusivity profile, which is independent of the initial assumed profile. Applying this method to a pair of simple but representative cases of one-dimensional layered systems, the accuracy and stability of the method is verified. In particular, the noise sensitivity is investigated by carrying out the inversion procedure with white Gaussian noise added to the simulated experimental data. The proposed approach could be useful for the development of methodologies to interpret experimental data and to retrieve the in-depth variations of thermal properties of materials.
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 8
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    Traceable Thermoelectric Measurements of Seebeck Coefficients in the Temperature Range from 300 K to 900 K (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-05
    Beschreibung: This work is focused on the characterization of thermoelectric reference materials with traceable Seebeck coefficients in the temperature range from 300 K to 900 K. The presented measurement system will provide a relative uncertainty of the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient of about 5 %. The Seebeck coefficient represents an important component of the figure of merit ZT and thus the low uncertainty of the Seebeck coefficient will also lower the uncertainty of the ZT value. We also present data which lead to the launch of the certification process of a NiCu-alloy according to the ISO Guide 35.
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 9
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    Optimization of a Thermal Lens Microscope for Detection in a Microfluidic Chip (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-27
    Beschreibung: The optical configuration of a thermal lens microscope (TLM) was optimized for detection in a microfluidic chip with respect to the flow velocity, and the pump and probe beam parameters (beam waists, offsets, and mode mismatching degree). It was found that an appropriate pump–probe beam offset for a certain flow velocity would provide not only a higher sensitivity but also a better response linearity of TLM over three orders of magnitude of sample concentration. Diffraction-limited pump beam excitation is advantageous for space-resolved measurement, while a larger pump beam with 10 times lower power density is favorable for higher sensitivity at given experimental conditions. As an application, TLM was used to study the diffusion of azobenzene in a microfluidic chip. Diffusion profiles at different distances from the mixing point were recorded by scanning the TL signal along the cross section of the microchannel. By fitting the diffusion profiles to a theoretical model of mass transfer in a microchannel, diffusion coefficients of azobenzene in octane and methanol were determined to be $5\times 10^{-10}\,\hbox {m}^{2}{\cdot }\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$ 5 × 10 - 10 m 2 · s - 1 and $6\times 10^{-10}\,\hbox {m}^{2}{\cdot }\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$ 6 × 10 - 10 m 2 · s - 1 , respectively.
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 10
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    Estimation of the Thermodynamic Limit of Overheating for Bulk Water from Interfacial Properties (2013)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-29
    Beschreibung: The limit of overheating or expanding is an important property of liquids, which is relevant for the design and safety assessment of processes involving pressurized liquids. In this work, the thermodynamic stability limit—the so-called spinodal—of water is calculated by molecular dynamics computer simulation, using the molecular potential model of Baranyai and Kiss. The spinodal pressure is obtained from the maximal tangential pressure within a liquid–vapor interface layer. The results are compared to predictions of various equations of state. Based on these comparisons, a set of equations of state is identified which gives reliable results in the metastable (overheated or expanded) liquid region of water down to $-55$ - 55  MPa.
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    Thema: Physik
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