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  • Articles  (25)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (25)
  • Nuclear physics  (11)
  • Quantum information  (11)
  • Particle-beam physics  (2)
  • APS Medal Lecture  (1)
  • 2015-2019  (25)
  • Reviews of Modern Physics  (25)
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  • Articles  (25)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (25)
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  • 1
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    Diagnostics for plasma-based electron accelerators (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-09
    Description: Author(s): M. C. Downer, R. Zgadzaj, A. Debus, U. Schramm, and M. C. Kaluza Plasma-based electron accelerators rely on excitation of light-speed plasma density waves and associated ultrahigh electric fields to accelerate electrons to ultrarelativistic energy. Intrinsic time and length scales of these plasma waves are typically a few tens of femtoseconds and micrometers and result in ultrashort electron bunches with often even smaller temporal and spatial dimensions. In this article the progress and challenges of diagnosing the plasma waves, the excited fields, and ensuing particle bunches are reviewed. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 035002] Published Wed Aug 08, 2018
    Keywords: Particle-beam physics
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  • 2
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    Microscopic clustering in light nuclei (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-29
    Description: Author(s): Martin Freer, Hisashi Horiuchi, Yoshiko Kanada-En’yo, Dean Lee, and Ulf-G. Meißner In most nuclei, protons and neutrons are smoothly distributed throughout the nuclear volume. Exceptions to this rule are molecularlike states, especially in light nuclei, where light nuclear clusters such as alpha particles are present. The most prominent example is the 7.65 MeV Hoyle state in carbon-12 that plays an essential role in the production of carbon in stars in the triple-alpha process. This work reviews progress and prospects in the studies of nuclear clustering, including molecular states in alpha-conjugate and neutron-rich systems. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 035004] Published Tue Aug 28, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 3
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    APS Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research: Invited article on entanglement properties of quantum field theory (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-24
    Description: Author(s): Edward Witten The 2016 APS Medal for Excellence in Physics was given to Edward Witten. This contribution was invited in conjunction with this award. These original notes contain concise explanations of some key results in the axiomatic and algebraic approaches to quantum field theory, which are relevant to quantum entanglement. They serve to put the connection between quantum field theory and quantum information theory on a precise and rigorous footing. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 045003] Published Tue Oct 23, 2018
    Keywords: APS Medal Lecture
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  • 4
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    Macroscopic quantum states: Measures, fragility, and implementations (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: Author(s): Florian Fröwis, Pavel Sekatski, Wolfgang Dür, Nicolas Gisin, and Nicolas Sangouard Schrödinger’s thought experiment of a cat in superposition of being dead and alive. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025004] Published Thu May 31, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 5
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    Jet measurements in heavy ion physics (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-13
    Description: Author(s): Megan Connors, Christine Nattrass, Rosi Reed, and Sevil Salur The hottest matter that existed in the early Universe after the big bang, the quark-gluon plasma, is created in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy nuclei. By studying narrow streams of fast-moving particles coming from the collisions, nuclear physicists learn about properties of this hot, dense medium. This work reviews current experimental evidence and related theoretical descriptions of the plasma’s constituents and properties. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025005] Published Tue Jun 12, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 6
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    High precision analytical description of the allowed $β$ spectrum shape (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-24
    Description: Author(s): Leendert Hayen, Nathal Severijns, Kazimierz Bodek, Dagmara Rozpedzik, and Xavier Mougeot Beta decay is a process that reveals the structure of the standard model and its possible extensions. This reviews provides a description of the allowed beta-spectrum shape in view of ongoing and planned measurements searching for physics beyond the standard electroweak model and weak magnetism. The formalism presents a description of the underlying physics. The derived expression for both Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions is accurate for low to medium Z nuclei. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015008] Published Fri Mar 23, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 7
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    Scattering processes and resonances from lattice QCD (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-19
    Description: Author(s): Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, and Ross D. Young Hadrons and their interactions arise via the coupling between quarks and gluons, as dictated by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions. Unlike protons and neutrons, very few hadrons observed in nature are stable under the strong interaction: the majority of them appear as resonances in scattering experiments. This work reviews progress and prospects in the studies of few-hadron reactions and resonance properties using lattice QCD techniques. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025001] Published Wed Apr 18, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 8
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    Hadronic molecules (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-09
    Description: Author(s): Feng-Kun Guo, Christoph Hanhart, Ulf-G. Meißner, Qian Wang, Qiang Zhao, and Bing-Song Zou Hadrons are composite particles made of quark and gluons. Interestingly, some excited hadronic states resemble the deuteron viewed as a barely bound neutron-proton system. Such hadronic molecules are spatially extended systems lying very close to decay thresholds. This work reviews the current experimental evidence for hadronic molecules and related theoretical descriptions, including effective field theories and lattice quantum chromodynamics. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015004] Published Thu Feb 08, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 9
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    Adiabatic quantum computation (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-30
    Description: Author(s): Tameem Albash and Daniel A. Lidar The simple act of slowly varying the parameters of a quantum system so that it remains always in its ground state is extremely rich from an information processing point of view. For an ideal, closed system, this adiabatic evolution is equivalent to full quantum computation, and it is convenient for establishing quantum algorithms for optimization. This review presents adiabatic quantum algorithms, proves the closed-system equivalence of the adiabatic and circuit models of quantum computation, reviews the placement of adiabatic quantum computation in the more general classification of computational complexity theory, and discusses the case of “stoquastic” quantum evolutions. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015002] Published Mon Jan 29, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 10
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    Quantum-enhanced measurements without entanglement (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-06
    Description: Author(s): Daniel Braun, Gerardo Adesso, Fabio Benatti, Roberto Floreanini, Ugo Marzolino, Morgan W. Mitchell, and Stefano Pirandola Entangled quantum states can enhance measurement precision. But quantum mechanics harbors other possibilities for enhancing precision, including some that have nothing to do with entanglement. This review surveys various strategies with unentangled probes by which measurements have been improved. Among the approaches considered are those that rely on particle statistics and correlations in highly mixed states. Often nonentangled states are more robust, and these approaches are feasible in current experiments: here the current states of research are shown in cold atoms, nonlinear optics, and nanomechanical oscillators. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 035006] Published Wed Sep 05, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 11
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    Quantum metrology with nonclassical states of atomic ensembles (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-06
    Description: Author(s): Luca Pezzè, Augusto Smerzi, Markus K. Oberthaler, Roman Schmied, and Philipp Treutlein Entanglement is the basis of quantum technologies aimed at revolutionizing measurements, computing, and communications. This article reviews methods to improve measurement precision and sensitivity by harnessing entangled states of many atomic probe particles. The achievements of different experimental entanglement schemes are presented with theoretical analyses of their fundamental and practical limits, discussing prospects for applications in clocks, frequency standards, and measurements of forces and fields. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 035005] Published Wed Sep 05, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 12
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    Entropic uncertainty relations and their applications (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: Author(s): Patrick J. Coles, Mario Berta, Marco Tomamichel, and Stephanie Wehner The Heisenberg uncertainty principle has a more precise formulation in terms of inequalities involving quantum entropies. Currently known entropic uncertainty relations are presented; they capture and extend Heisenberg’s idea of the unpredictability of the outcomes of incompatible measurements. Distinct results are obtained for finite- and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Applications are surveyed, including the formulation of entanglement witnesses, current ideas about wave-particle duality, and the analysis of quantum cryptography. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015002] Published Mon Feb 06, 2017
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 13
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    Quantum random number generators (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Author(s): Miguel Herrero-Collantes and Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin In mathematics and computer science, random numbers have the role of a resource for assisting proofs, making cryptography secure, and enabling computational protocols. This role motivates efforts to produce random numbers as a physical process. Potential physical sources abound, but arguably the most fundamental are those based on elementary quantum mechanical processes. This review discusses the current status of devices that generate quantum random numbers. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015004] Published Wed Feb 22, 2017
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 14
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    Quantum sensing (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-26
    Description: Author(s): C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro Quantum technologies are increasingly driving the field of precision metrology. While current techniques for sensing and recording time rely on classical devices, quantum sensors exploit quantum systems to reach unprecedented levels of precision. The working part of the sensor contains one or a few qubits, and resources like quantum entanglement are chosen and tailored to maximize sensitivity. This review introduces quantum sensing from the perspective of working experimentalists, with specific sensor implementations, concepts and methods, and recent developments. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035002] Published Tue Jul 25, 2017
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 15
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    Nucleon-nucleon correlations, short-lived excitations, and the quarks within (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-11-14
    Description: Author(s): Or Hen, Gerald A. Miller, Eli Piasetzky, and Lawrence B. Weinstein What happens to nucleon-nucleon interactions at very short distances, below the radius of the proton? Does the structure of a nucleon bound in a nucleus differ from that of a free nucleon? The answer to both questions can be provided in terms of the internal quark structure of a nucleon. This article reviews current experimental and theoretical developments providing the high-resolution picture of correlated nucleonic pairs at a short distance scale. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 045002] Published Mon Nov 13, 2017
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 16
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    Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Description: Author(s): Inés de Vega and Daniel Alonso This review gives a summary of the many techniques that are used in the analysis of open quantum systems. Emphasis is on those cases where it is unsuitable to use a memoryless or Markovian point of view, generally because there is no large separation of time scales between system and environment dynamics. The approaches reviewed include master equations, Heisenberg equations of motion, chain mapping representations, and various stochastic methods such as path integral Monte Carlo and stochastic equations. Guidance is given on how to evaluate the suitability of each of these methods for application in different physical problems. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015001] Published Fri Jan 20, 2017
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 17
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    Strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-20
    Description: Author(s): Edward Shuryak The field of relativistic heavy ion collisions spans over five decades ranging from the formulation of scientific goals and early experiments at Berkeley in the 1960s with mostly lighter heavy ions via the start of operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven in the year 2000 up to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, where the first experiments took place in 2010. The data from the RHIC and LHC experiments and their theoretical explanations outlined in this review provide convincing evidence for the creation of a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma, i.e., a nearly perfect fluid with large entropy density to viscosity ratio formed during collision. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035001] Published Wed Jul 19, 2017
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 18
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    Strangeness in nuclear physics (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-27
    Description: Author(s): A. Gal, E. V. Hungerford, and D. J. Millener Everyday matter is made of the lightest up and down quarks. The strange quark is the third lightest of all quarks. Strangeness, a property of particles associated with the number of strange quarks, preceded the theory and discovery of the quark by about two decades. Recent experimental and theoretical developments in the field of strangeness in nuclei are reviewed. Topics include the production of strange particles, properties of hypernuclei, and strange dense matter. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 035004] Published Fri Aug 26, 2016
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 19
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    The physics of x-ray free-electron lasers (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: Author(s): C. Pellegrini, A. Marinelli, and S. Reiche The advent of x-ray free electron lasers has enabled qualitative studies of matter using very high intensity, short wavelength, and short duration photons. This article describes the physical principles governing the interaction of charged particles, radiation fields, and external magnetic fields that comprise the x-ray free electron lasers, and of the theoretical models and numerical codes on they are based, together with a review of existing facilities and avenues for improving the peak power and spectral range for future applications. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 015006] Published Wed Mar 09, 2016
    Keywords: Particle-beam physics
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  • 20
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    Time-dependent density-functional description of nuclear dynamics (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-10
    Description: Author(s): Takashi Nakatsukasa, Kenichi Matsuyanagi, Masayuki Matsuo, and Kazuhiro Yabana Many excitation modes of atomic nuclei and their reactions can be described as time-dependent processes, in which nuclei oscillate, rotate, collide, and split. A theoretical framework to describe nuclear dynamics at low energy is the time-dependent density functional theory. This reviews the foundations and extensions of this theory and its applications to nuclear collective motion, including giant resonances, heavy-ion collisions, and shape coexistence. Conceptual differences between nuclear and electronic applications are also discussed. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 045004] Published Wed Nov 09, 2016
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 21
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    Quantum memories at finite temperature (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: Author(s): Benjamin J. Brown, Daniel Loss, Jiannis K. Pachos, Chris N. Self, and James R. Wootton While the typical scenario for quantum error correction involves active intervention there are advantages to a passive quantum memory, for which a suitably designed interaction Hamiltonian will naturally protect the coherence of low-lying states from decoherence induced by a thermal environment. This review summarizes and discusses the various theoretical attempts to find a workable scenario for a passive quantum memory. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 045005] Published Tue Nov 15, 2016
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 22
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    Symmetry violations in nuclear and neutron β decay (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-17
    Description: Author(s): K. K. Vos, H. W. Wilschut, and R. G. E. Timmermans Experimental searches for new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics are not constrained to the high energy sector alone. This article shows examples on symmetry violations, possible breaking of time reversal and Lorentz invariance, from nuclear and neutron beta decay experiments and discusses how the accuracy of standard model parameters could be improved in the search for new physics. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1483] Published Tue Dec 15, 2015
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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  • 23
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    Quantum error correction for quantum memories (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Author(s): Barbara M. Terhal It may seem inevitable that highly entangled quantum states are susceptible to disturbance through interaction with a decohering environment. However, certain multiqubit entangled states are well protected from common forms of decoherence as the quantum information is hidden in inherently nonlocal d... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 307] Published Tue Apr 07, 2015
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 24
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    Cavity-based quantum networks with single atoms and optical photons (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-03
    Description: Author(s): Andreas Reiserer and Gerhard Rempe A vision has formed in recent years of the components necessary for a large-scale quantum network. Single trapped atoms can serve as the nodes of this network, with the links established by flying photons that are coupled to the atoms using optical resonators. This review describes progress towards the goal of multinode networks using the current generation of experiments, which have achieved unprecedented levels of atomic qubit control and light-matter coupling efficiencies. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1379] Published Tue Dec 01, 2015
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 25
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    Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: Author(s): J. Carlson, S. Gandolfi, F. Pederiva, Steven C. Pieper, R. Schiavilla, K. E. Schmidt, and R. B. Wiringa Quantum Monte Carlo techniques aim at providing a description of complex quantum systems such as nuclei and nucleonic matter from first principles, i.e., realistic nuclear interactions and currents. The methods are similar to those used for many-electron systems in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics, but are extended to include spin-isospin, tensor, spin-orbit, and three-body interactions. This review shows how to build the atomic nucleus from the ground up. Examples include the structure of light nuclei, electroweak response of nuclei relevant in electron and neutrino scattering, and the properties of dense nucleonic matter. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1067] Published Wed Sep 09, 2015
    Keywords: Nuclear physics
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