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Properties of coastally trapped waves around Australia (2013)

Ernie Balcerak

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-11

Description: Coastally trapped waves, which are generated by alongshore wind and propagate along a coastline, are common around Australia's southern coast. Some details of the propagation of coastally trapped waves are still uncertain, partly because of the relatively coarse resolution of tide gauge observations as well as the complex ocean bottom surface over which the waves propagate. There has been some debate on the mechanism by which these waves propagate from the southern to eastern coasts of Australia.

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Lost Science: Protecting Data Through Improved Archiving (2013)

Karen E. Simmons

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-11

Description: Mike Carr wrote recently of the wonderful planetary geology accomplished by NASA over the past 50 years of space exploration, with images and descriptions from the early Venus, Mars, and lunar missions as well as more recent missions, which evoked good memories (M. H. Carr, Geologic exploration of the planets: The first 50 years, Eos , 94 (3), 29–30, doi:10.1029/2013EO030001, 2013). Unfortunately, memories are not science data, and those 50 years have not been as kind to the scientific information collected by these pioneering missions.

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Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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How tropical humidity self-organizes into moist and dry regions (2013)

Ernie Balcerak

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-11

Description: Numerical simulations have shown that the moisture in the tropical troposphere has a tendency to spontaneously aggregate, forming separate wet and dry regions. To learn more about how this self-organization occurs, Craig and Mack introduced a simple equation for the tropical troposphere moisture budget and conducted numerical simulations that included convective moistening and horizontal mixing. Based on their simulations, the authors propose that a feedback process in the troposphere causes moisture to aggregate, beginning on small scales and then coarsening to larger scales. Wet regions become wetter and dry regions become drier as the self-organization continues.

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Hawaiian Islands formed through extrusive volcanic activity (2013)

Ernie Balcerak

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-11

Description: Scientists generally believe that the Hawaiian Islands formed primarily through endogenous growth, or intrusion, in which hot magma intrudes into a rock and then solidifies before it reaches the surface. However, a new study suggests that the islands may actually have formed primarily through extrusion, which occurs when a volcano erupts and magma reaches the surface and flows away from the eruption site before cooling and solidifying.

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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Downscaled Climate Projections Suitable for Resource Management (2013)

Bridget Thrasher, Jun Xiong, Weile Wang, Forrest Melton, Andrew Michaelis, Ramakrishna Nemani

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-11

Description: The general circulation model (GCM) experiments conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) [ Taylor et al ., 2012], which is being conducted in preparation for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report, provide fundamental data sets for assessing the effects of global climate change. However, efforts to assess regional or local effects of the projected changes in climate are often impeded by the coarse spatial resolution of the GCM outputs, as well as potential local or regional biases in GCM outputs [ Fowler et al ., 2007].

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Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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Arctic is especially sensitive to nearby black carbon emissions (2013)

Ernie Balcerak

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-18

Description: Black carbon, also known as soot, emitted from combustion of fuels and biomass burning absorbs solar radiation in the atmosphere and is one of the major causes of global warming, after carbon dioxide emissions. When black carbon is deposited on snow and ice, the soot-covered snow or ice absorbs more sunlight, leading to surface warming. Due to the large amount of snow and ice in the Arctic—which has warmed twice as fast as the global average over the past century—the region is likely to be especially sensitive to black carbon.

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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Updated ice core record captures industrial era carbon variability (2013)

Colin Schultz

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-18

Description: In 1999, researchers published data from ice cores collected at Law Dome, a research site in East Antarctica. These data are distinguished by their high time resolution and by their overlap with modern measurements, providing one of the most important records of how the atmosphere's chemical composition changed over the past 1000 years. Air trapped in bubbles in the ice core let researchers measure the concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases and analyze the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 isotopes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Burning fossil fuel releases carbon dioxide that is depleted in carbon-13 isotopes, and the Law Dome record provided evidence that modern increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are due to anthropogenic activity. In a new study, Rubino et al ., a team that includes some of the authors from the original analysis, use novel tools and techniques to update their ice core record.

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POSITIONS AVAILABLE (2013)

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-18

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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Rapid Response Survey Gauges Sandy's Impact on Seafloor (2013)

John A. Goff, James A. Austin, Roger D. Flood, Beth Christensen, Cassandra M. Browne, Steffen Saustrup

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-25

Description: In January 2013, approximately 2 months after Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, scientists from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG), part of the Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), partnered with local colleagues at Adelphi and Stony Brook universities and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct marine surveys both offshore and within inshore bays of Long Island, N. Y. (Figure 1a). The primary goal was to assess the storm's impact on the seabed.

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Large-Scale Blast Experiments Examine Subsurface Explosions (2013)

Ingo Sonder, Alison Graettinger, Greg Valentine

Wiley

In: Eos, Transactions

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Publication Date: 2013-09-25

Description: Volcanic craters are often formed by multiple subsurface explosions caused by the interaction of magma and groundwater [ Lorenz , 1973; Valentine and White , 2012]. To understand the processes and products of such explosions, scientists spent 2 years conducting experiments that produced craters on the meter scale at the Geohazards Field Station in Ashford, N. Y.

Print ISSN: 0096-3941

Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250

Topics: Geosciences

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