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  • 1
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    Subscription and Copyright Information (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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  • 2
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    Designing Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation Using Machine Learning (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronald P.H. de Jongh, Aalt D.J. van Dijk, Mattijs K. Julsing, Peter J. Schaap, Dick de Ridder〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Controlling the expression of genes is one of the key challenges of synthetic biology. Until recently fine-tuned control has been out of reach, particularly in eukaryotes owing to their complexity of gene regulation. With advances in machine learning (ML) and in particular with increasing dataset sizes, models predicting gene expression levels from regulatory sequences can now be successfully constructed. Such models form the cornerstone of algorithms that allow users to design regulatory regions to achieve a specific gene expression level. In this review we discuss strategies for data collection, data encoding, ML practices, design algorithm choices, and finally model interpretation. Ultimately, these developments will provide synthetic biologists with highly specific genetic building blocks to rationally engineer complex pathways and circuits.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 3
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    Industrial Biotechnology: To What Extent Is Responsible Innovation on the Agenda? (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Achim Rosemann, Susan Molyneux-Hodgson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The UK Industrial Biotechnology (IB) Strategy presents a consistent plan to develop the IB sector but fails to endorse an innovation process that allows for input from multiple publics. This could be disadvantageous for the bioeconomy: there are notable cases where negligence to address societal dimensions has caused innovation failure.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 4
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    Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms with Isothermal Molecular Strategies (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anna Toldrà, Ciara K. O’Sullivan, Mònica Campàs〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The use of isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategies to detect harmful algal blooms (HABs) is in its infancy. We describe recent advances in these systems and highlight the challenges for the achievement of simple, low-cost, compact, and portable devices for field applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 5
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    Using Remote Fields for Complex Tissue Engineering (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): James P.K. Armstrong, Molly M. Stevens〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Great strides have been taken towards the 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 engineering of clinically relevant tissue constructs using the classic triad of cells, materials, and biochemical factors. In this perspective, we highlight ways in which these elements can be manipulated or stimulated using a fourth component: the application of remote fields. This arena has gained great momentum over the last few years, with a recent surge of interest in using magnetic, optical, and acoustic fields to guide the organization of cells, materials, and biochemical factors. We summarize recent developments and trends in this arena and then lay out a series of challenges that we believe, if met, could enable the widespread adoption of remote fields in mainstream tissue engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 6
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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  • 7
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    Resources to Discover and Use Short Linear Motifs in Viral Proteins (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peter Hraber, Paul E. O’Maille, Andrew Silberfarb, Katie Davis-Anderson, Nicholas Generous, Benjamin H. McMahon, Jeanne M. Fair〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Viral proteins evade host immune function by molecular mimicry, often achieved by short linear motifs (SLiMs) of three to ten consecutive amino acids (AAs). Motif mimicry tolerates mutations, evolves quickly to modify interactions with the host, and enables modular interactions with protein complexes. Host cells cannot easily coordinate changes to conserved motif recognition and binding interfaces under selective pressure to maintain critical signaling pathways. SLiMs offer potential for use in synthetic biology, such as better immunogens and therapies, but may also present biosecurity challenges. We survey viral uses of SLiMs to mimic host proteins, and information resources available for motif discovery. As the number of examples continues to grow, knowledge management tools are essential to help organize and compare new findings.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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  • 8
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    Natural Products from Mammalian Gut Microbiota (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 2 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Leli Wang, Vinothkannan Ravichandran, Yulong Yin, Jia Yin, Youming Zhang〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The mammalian gut has a remarkable abundance of microbes. These microbes have strong potential to biosynthesize distinct metabolites that are promising drugs, and many more bioactive compounds have yet to be explored as potential drug candidates. These small bioactive molecules often mediate important host–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions. In this review, we provide perspectives on and challenges associated with three mining strategies – culture-based, (meta)genomics-based, and metabolomics-based mining approaches – for discovering natural products derived from biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in mammalian gut microbiota. In addition, we comprehensively summarize the structures, biological functions, and BGCs of these compounds. Improving these techniques, including by using combinatorial approaches, may accelerate drug discovery from gut microbes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 9
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    Nanowire Sensors in Cancer (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 1〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marie-Agnès Doucey, Sandro Carrara〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In 2006, the group of Dr C.M. Lieber pioneered the field of nanowire sensors by fabricating devices for the ultra-sensitive label-free detection of biological macromolecules. Since then, nanowire sensors have demonstrated their ability to detect cancer-associated analytes in peripheral blood, tumor tissue, and the exhaled breath of cancer patients. These innovative developments have marked a new era with unprecedented detection performance, capable of addressing crucial needs such as cancer diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and patient response to therapy. The ability of nanowire sensors to identify molecular features of patient tumor represents a first step toward precision medicine, and their integration into portable devices has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 10
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    Unintended Effects in Genetically Modified Food/Feed Safety: A Way Forward (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antonio Fernandez, Claudia Paoletti〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Identifying and assessing unintended effects in genetically modified food and feed are considered paramount by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), and Codex Alimentarius, despite heated debate. This paper addresses outstanding needs: building consensus on the history-of-safe-use concept, harmonizing criteria to select appropriate conventional counterparts, and improving endpoint selection to identify unintended effects.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 11
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    The Increasingly Human and Profitable Monoclonal Antibody Market (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 1〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): António L. Grilo, A. Mantalaris〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The monoclonal antibody (mAb) market has changed rapidly in the past 5 years: it has doubled in size, becoming dominated by fully human molecules, launched bispecific molecules, and faced competition from biosimilars. We summarize the market in terms of therapeutic applications, type and structure of mAbs, dominant companies, manufacturing locations, and emerging markets.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 12
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    Coating with Microbial Hydrophobins: A Novel Approach to Develop Smart Drug Nanoparticles (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 11〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Brahma N. Singh, Braj R. Singh, Vijai K. Gupta, Ravindra N. Kharwar, Lorenzo Pecoraro〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microbial hydrophobin (MH)-based surface coating is emerging as a novel protein engineering approach for drug nanoparticles to enhance the solubility and stability of therapeutic agents. These hydrophobins are amphiphilic proteins that can form self-assembled monolayers on hydrophobic materials and can coat nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 13
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    How Microbial Aggregates Protect against Nanoparticle Toxicity (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 11〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jun Tang, Yonghong Wu, Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo, Søren J. Sørensen, Bruce E. Rittmann〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The increasing use and discharge of nanoparticles (NPs) pose risks to microorganisms that maintain the health of aquatic ecosystems. Although NPs are toxic to microorganisms, they tend to form microbial aggregates to protect themselves. Two main mechanisms account for the reduced toxicity: the dense physical structure acts as a barrier to NP exposure in the interior of the aggregate, and aggregation stabilizes a complex microbial ecosystem that enhances the ability of the community to adapt to prolonged NP exposure. We highlight the opportunities and challenges for managing microbial aggregates in wastewater treatment to remove or control NPs. For example, understanding the resistance mechanisms can help to design smart NPs that are less toxic to useful microorganisms or more toxic towards pathogenic microorganisms.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 14
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    Phage Aggregation–Dispersion by Ions: Striving beyond Antibacterial Therapy (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marek Drab〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bacteriophages sense alkaline cations in their immediate extracellular environment, which regulates virion–virion interactions. An ion-steerable aggregation–dispersion (A/D) phenomenon among virions is a recently discovered step in group behavior in the phage life cycle. When powered by the octanol-based water-immiscible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trap (oWILT) purification approach, A/D promises breakthroughs for a plethora of biotechnological applications beyond phage therapy.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 15
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    Graphene-like Metal-Free 2D Nanosheets for Cancer Imaging and Theranostics (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 11〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yanan Luo, Zhaohui Li, Chengzhou Zhu, Xiaoli Cai, Lingbo Qu, Dan Du, Yuehe Lin〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The great success of graphene has driven the discovery and development of new 2D nanomaterials with different optical, electrical, and thermal properties. Compared with other graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, metal-free 2D nanomaterials hold great potential in biomedical applications since they exhibit much better biocompatibility and biosafety. We give an overview of some rapidly emerging graphene-like metal-free 2D nanomaterials including black phosphorus, hexagonal boron nitride, and graphitic carbon nitride, as well as 2D organic polymer-based nanomaterials, and highlight their impressive advances for bioimaging and cancer theranostics in recent years. The challenges and some thoughts on future perspectives in this field are also addressed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 16
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    Teaching Shrimps Self-Defense to Fight Infections (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 1〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Parisa Norouzitallab, Kartik Baruah, Daisy Vanrompay, Peter Bossier〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉A paradigm shift in our understanding of shrimp immunity offers the potential to develop novel disease-control strategies. We summarize cutting-edge findings on the phenomenon of trained immunity in shrimps and discuss how it may contribute to new avenues for controlling disease in these aquaculturally important animals.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 17
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    Modular Metabolic Engineering for Biobased Chemical Production (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 2〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongyuan Lu, Juan C. Villada, Patrick K.H. Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microorganisms can manufacture a wide range of biobased chemicals that are useful for diverse industrial applications. However, the overexpression of heterologous enzymes in recombinant strains often leads to metabolic imbalance, resulting in growth retardation and suboptimal production of the target compounds. Here we discuss the recent development of modular metabolic engineering approaches that enable the global fine-tuning of engineered pathways by modularizing the synthetic pathway in single or multiple hosts. In particular, we highlight applications with microbial consortia. To build a vibrant biobased economy, multivariate modular metabolic engineering (MMME), modular coculture engineering (MCE), and spatiotemporal and integrative genome-scale metabolic modeling can be exploited to expedite strain optimization and improve the production of a broad variety of high-value biobased chemicals.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 18
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    Getting an Imported GM Crop Approved in China (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yan Jin, Dušan Drabik, Nico Heerink, Justus Wesseler〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉What are the procedures and trends for obtaining approval for imported genetically modified (GM) crops in China, and how do approval dates and length of approval in China compare with those in other countries? The answers are crucial for current food security in China and the future of crops derived by gene editing.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 19
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    Sustainable Bioprospecting of Electronic Waste (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abhishek Kumar Awasthi, Jinhui Li〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Global electronic waste management is emerging as a critical issue, especially in developing countries. Collective societal effort and scientific innovation are required along with interdisciplinary approaches to the development of sustainable technologies for recycling precious metals. Bioprospecting of electronic waste is a promising approach to provide economic, environmental, and public health benefits.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 20
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    Synthetic Biology Toolbox and Chassis Development in Bacillus subtilis (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yanfeng Liu, Long Liu, Jianghua Li, Guocheng Du, Jian Chen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Based on technical advances in the sequencing and synthesis of genetic components as well as the genome, significant progress has recently been made in developing synthetic biology toolboxes and chassis for the model Gram-positive bacterium 〈em〉Bacillus subtilis〈/em〉. In this review, we discuss recently developed synthetic biology toolboxes, including gene expression toolsets and genome editing tools. Next, advances in the 〈em〉B. subtilis〈/em〉 chassis and its applications are discussed in comparison to those of other model microorganisms. Finally, future directions for the integrative use of 〈em〉B. subtilis〈/em〉 synthetic biology tools and the development of an advanced chassis for efficient biomanufacturing are discussed. These factors are expected to become a major driving force for facilitating biotechnological applications of 〈em〉B. subtilis〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 21
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    Engineering Microorganisms for Enhanced CO2 Sequestration (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guipeng Hu, Yin Li, Chao Ye, Liming Liu, Xiulai Chen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 sequestration not only provides a green and sustainable approach for ameliorating global warming but also simultaneously produces biofuels and chemicals. However, the efficiency of microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fixation is still very low. In addition, concomitant microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emission decreases the carbon yield of desired chemicals. To address these issues, strategies including engineering CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-fixing pathways and energy-harvesting systems have been developed to improve the efficiency of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fixation in autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Furthermore, metabolic pathways and energy metabolism can be rewired to reduce microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions and increase the carbon yield of value-added products. This review highlights the potential of biotechnology to promote microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 sequestration and provides guidance for the broader use of microorganisms as attractive carbon sinks.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 22
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    Novel Biomedical Applications of Crosslinked Collagen (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lisha Gu, Tiantian Shan, Yu-xuan Ma, Franklin R. Tay, Lina Niu〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Collagen is one of the most useful biopolymers because of its low immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The biomedical potential of natural collagen is limited by its poor mechanical strength, thermal stability, and enzyme resistance, but exogenous chemical, physical, or biological crosslinks have been used to modify the molecular structure of collagen to minimize degradation and enhance mechanical stability. Although crosslinked collagen-based materials have been widely used in biomedicine, there is no standard crosslinking protocol that can achieve a perfect balance between stability and functional remodeling of collagen. Understanding the role of crosslinking agents in the modification of collagen performance and their potential biomedical applications are crucial for developing novel collagen-based biopolymers for therapeutic gain.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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  • 23
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Integrated Product Recovery Will Boost Industrial Cyanobacterial Processes (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Corjan van den Berg, Michel H.M. Eppink, Rene H. Wijffels〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cyanobacteria promise to be an important industrial platform for the production of a variety of biobased products such as fuels, plastics, and isoprenoids. Recent advances in synthetic biology have resulted in various cyanobacterial strain improvements. Nevertheless, these new strains are still hampered by product inhibition, resulting in low volumetric productivities, product concentrations, and yields on light. To circumvent these issues, continuous product recovery will need to be applied, resulting in economically viable industrial processes. Optimal product recovery strategies can be developed by considering biological and separation process constraints as well as photobioreactor design. Integrated product recovery will be indispensable to bring the cyanobacterial cell factory to industrial scale.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    A Reappraisal of Circulating Fetal Cell Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Meysam Rezaei, Marnie Winter, Deirdre Zander-Fox, Clare Whitehead, Jan Liebelt, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Tristan Hardy, Benjamin Thierry〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉New tools for higher-resolution fetal genome analysis including microarray and next-generation sequencing have revolutionized prenatal screening. This article provides commentary on this rapidly advancing field and a future perspective emphasizing circulating fetal cell (CFC) utility. Despite the tremendous technological challenges associated with their reliable and cost-effective isolation from maternal blood, CFCs have a strong potential to bridge the gap between the diagnostic sensitivity of invasive procedures and the desirable noninvasive nature of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA). Considering the rapid advances in both rare cell isolation and low-input DNA analysis, we argue here that CFC-based noninvasive prenatal testing is poised to be implemented clinically in the near future.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Extracellular Microvesicles as New Industrial Therapeutic Frontiers (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vivek Agrahari, Vibhuti Agrahari, Pierre-Alain Burnouf, Chee Ho Chew, Thierry Burnouf〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular physiological vehicles present in all body fluids that mediate the transfer of intercellular information within biological systems and contribute to healthy conditions. MVs have lipid bilayer membranes decorated with multiple ligands that can interact with receptors on target cells, rendering them as promising candidates for targeted delivery. The biotechnology and cell therapy industries are developing MV-based preparations that use this subcellular therapeutic machinery (in a naïve or modified state) for regenerative medicine, as substitutes for intact cell therapy, and as intelligent targeted drug delivery carriers. However, significant production challenges must be overcome before MVs scale-up development, clinical translation, and routine therapeutic application can be realized. The unique expertise developed in the biotechnology industry should facilitate market access to MV-based therapeutics. In this review, the roles of biotechnology and cell therapy industries to manufacture MVs as inherent therapeutic agents or drug delivery systems are summarized. The manufacturing, development, characterization, and regulatory challenges for successful translation are discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2018)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 1〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Targeting the Post-translational Proteome with Intrabodies (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antonino Cattaneo, Michele Chirichella〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The complexity of the proteome exceeds that of the genome. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) and conformational changes of proteins trigger new molecular interactions whose systematic elucidation is hampered by the lack of specific tools. PTMs are particularly relevant for epigenetic regulation of gene expression; a field of translational interest. However, state-of-the-art inhibitors used in epigenetic studies and therapies target modifier enzymes such as acetylases and deacetylases, rather than a single PTM protein 〈em〉per se〈/em〉. The systematic development of anti-PTM intrabodies, which allow targeting of intracellular proteins in the context of living cells, will help reaching a new level of precision and specificity in the description of epigenetics, paving the way to new therapeutic opportunities.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Engineering Biocatalytic and Biosorptive Materials for Environmental Applications (2018)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Baotong Zhu, Yingying Chen, Na Wei〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The challenges of increasing environmental contamination and scarcity of natural resources require innovative solutions to ensure a sustainable future. Recent breakthroughs in synthetic biology and protein engineering provide promising platform technologies to develop novel engineered biological materials for beneficial applications towards environmental sustainability. In particular, biocatalysis and biosorption are receiving increasing attention as sustainable approaches for environmental remediation and resource recovery from wastes. This review focuses on up-to-date advances in engineering biocatalytic and biosorptive materials that can degrade persistent organic contaminants of emerging concern, remove hazardous metal pollutants, and recover value-added metals. Opportunities and challenges for future research are also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Predicting CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutations for Precise Genome Editing (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kutubuddin A. Molla, Yinong Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉SpCas9 creates blunt end cuts in the genome and generates random and unpredictable mutations through error-prone repair systems. However, a growing body of recent evidence points instead to Cas9-induced staggered end generation, nonrandomness of mutations, and the predictability of editing outcomes using machine learning models.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Editorial Bioard (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Subscription and Copyright information (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Contemporary Tools for Regulating Gene Expression in Bacteria (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ross Kent, Neil Dixon〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Insights from novel mechanistic paradigms in gene expression control have led to the development of new gene expression systems for bioproduction, control, and sensing applications. Coupled with a greater understanding of synthetic burden and modern creative biodesign approaches, contemporary bacterial gene expression tools and systems are emerging that permit fine-tuning of expression, enabling greater predictability and maximisation of specific productivity, while minimising deleterious effects upon cell viability. These advances have been achieved by using a plethora of regulatory tools, operating at all levels of the so-called ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology. In this review, we discuss these gene regulation tools in the context of their design, prototyping, integration into expression systems, and biotechnological application.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Industrial Enzymology: The Next Chapter (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Michael V. Arbige, Jay K. Shetty, Gopal K. Chotani〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉This review focuses on recent developments in industrial enzymology, protein engineering, and the design and production of microorganisms. We highlight the latest recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and tools of protein engineering. These advancements are delivering solutions that address the large unmet needs of customers and markets. To illustrate the progress made over the past three decades, several technological developments and applications are highlighted. High-throughput methods of cell and protein engineering have increased the pace of commercialization. Continuous innovations have impacted many areas of industrial biotechnology and its applications; for example, laundry and dish washing, textile processing, animal health, and human nutrition. The worldwide growth of this bioindustry reflects the potential of biotechnology, which in turn adds a new chapter to the field of industrial enzymology.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    In-Hospital Production of Medicines: Preparing for Disruption (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shona Kalkman, Marlous Arentshorst, Jarno Hoekman, Wouter Boon, Esther Uijtendaal, Ghislaine van Thiel, Ellen Moors〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In-hospital production of affordable medicines holds potential to address problems of drug accessibility. However, expanding the scope of magistral preparation to include high-cost drugs and complex biologicals gives rise to new challenges. We discuss ethical and regulatory complexities faced by Dutch initiatives defying the current pharmaceutical system through magistral preparation.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Cell Recognition (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stanislav Piletsky, Francesco Canfarotta, Alessandro Poma, Alessandra Maria Bossi, Sergey Piletsky〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Since their conception 50 years ago, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have seen extensive development both in terms of synthetic routes and applications. Cells are perhaps the most challenging target for molecular imprinting. Although early work was based almost entirely around microprinting methods, recent developments have shifted towards epitope imprinting to generate MIP nanoparticles (NPs). Simultaneously, the development of techniques such as solid phase MIP synthesis has solved many historic issues of MIP production. This review briefly describes various approaches used in cell imprinting with a focus on applications of the created materials in imaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Strand Displacement Strategies for Biosensor Applications (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yifan Dai, Ariel Furst, Chung Chiun Liu〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉DNA has many unique properties beyond encoding genetic information, one of which is its physicochemical stability based on Watson–Crick base pairing. Differences in sequence complementarity between multiple DNA strands can lead to the strand displacement reaction (SDR). SDRs have been regularly applied in synthetic biology, drug delivery, and, importantly, biosensing. SDR-based biosensors have high controllability, high sensitivity, and low interference, and can be used for multiplexed detection. Such biosensors have been demonstrated to detect nearly every class of biomolecule. As the field continues to mature, such platforms can be used as an integral tool for the manipulation of biomolecular reactions, bringing biosensors one step closer to the ultimate goal of point-of-care systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Can We Predict Gene Expression by Understanding Proximal Promoter Architecture? (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Łukasz Huminiecki, Jarosław Horbańczuk〈/p〉
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    Biological Conversion of Amino Acids to Higher Alcohols (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marwa M. El-Dalatony, Shouvik Saha, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab, Byong-Hun Jeon〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉‘Higher’ alcohols, which contain more than two carbons, have a higher boiling point, higher cetane number, and higher energy density than ethanol. Blends of biodiesel and higher alcohols can be used in internal combustion engines as next-generation biofuels without any modification and are minimally corrosive over extensive use. Producing higher alcohols from biomass involves fermenting and metabolizing amino acids. In this review, we describe the pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in amino acid bioprocessing to produce higher alcohols and the effects of amino acid supplementation as a nitrogen source for higher alcohol production. We also discuss the most recent approaches to improve higher alcohol production via genetic engineering technologies for three microorganisms: 〈em〉Saccharomyces cerevisiae〈/em〉, 〈em〉Clostridium〈/em〉 spp., and 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for Robust Cellulosic Ethanol Production (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan Xia, Yongfu Yang, Chen-Guang Liu, Shihui Yang, Feng-Wu Bai〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Great effort has been devoted to engineering 〈em〉Saccharomyces cerevisiae〈/em〉 with pentose metabolism through the oxido-reductase pathway for cellulosic ethanol production, but intrinsic cofactor imbalance is observed, which substantially compromises ethanol yield. 〈em〉Zymomonas mobilis〈/em〉 not only can be engineered for pentose metabolism through the isomerase pathway without cofactor imbalance but also metabolizes sugar through the Entner–Doudoroff pathway with less ATP and biomass produced for more sugar to be used for ethanol production. Moreover, the availabilities of genome sequence information for multiple 〈em〉Z. mobilis〈/em〉 strains and advanced genetics tools have laid a solid foundation for engineering this species, and the self-flocculation of the bacterial cells also presents significant advantages for bioprocess engineering. Here, we highlight some of recent advances in these aspects.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Multifunctional Magnetic Gold Nanomaterials for Cancer (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pradip Das, Parisa Fatehbasharzad, Miriam Colombo, Luisa Fiandra, Davide Prosperi〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The integration of multiple imaging and therapeutic agents into a customizable nanoplatform for accurate identification and rapid prevention of cancer is attracting great attention. Among the available theranostic nanosystems, magnetic gold nanoparticles are particularly promising as they exhibit unique physicochemical properties that can support multiple functions, including cancer diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Raman and photoacoustic imaging, drug delivery, and plasmonic photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review gives an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of multifunctional gold nanohybrids with magnetic and optical properties and their successful demonstration in multimodal imaging and therapy of cancer. Concerns around toxicity of these nanomaterials are also discussed in view of an imminent transition to clinical practice.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Market and Patent Analyses of Wearables in Medicine (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 6 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Julia E. Mück, Barış Ünal, Haider Butt, Ali K. Yetisen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Wearable medical devices (WMDs) will advance point-of-care diagnostics and therapeutics. This article analyses the market and patents for wearable devices. Activity monitors have the largest market share, and the intellectual property landscape is dominated by electronics corporations. However, the majority of these patents have not been realized in commercial products.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects: (Trends in Biotechnology 37, 231–234, 2019) (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shady S. Hassan, Gwilym A. Williams, Amit K. Jaiswal〈/p〉
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    Newest Methods for Detecting Structural Variations (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wouter De Coster, Christine Van Broeckhoven〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉A substantial amount of structural variation in the human genome remains uninvestigated due to the limitations of existing technologies, the presence of repetitive sequences, and the complexity of a diploid genome. New technologies have been developed, increasing resolution and appreciation of structural variation and how it affects human diversity and disease. The genetic etiology of most patients with complex disorders such as neurodegenerative brain diseases is not yet elucidated, complicating disease diagnosis, genetic counseling, and understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms needed to develop therapeutic interventions. Here, we focus on innovative progress and opportunities provided by the newest methods such as linked read sequencing, strand-specific sequencing, and long-read sequencing. Finally, we describe a strategy for generating a comprehensive catalog of structural variations across populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Overlooked? Underestimated? Effects of Substrate Curvature on Cell Behavior (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Danielle Baptista, Liliana Teixeira, Clemens van Blitterswijk, Stefan Giselbrecht, Roman Truckenmüller〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In biological systems, form and function are inherently correlated. Despite this strong interdependence, the biological effect of curvature has been largely overlooked or underestimated, and consequently it has rarely been considered in the design of new cell–material interfaces. This review summarizes current understanding of the interplay between the curvature of a cell substrate and the related morphological and functional cellular response. In this context, we also discuss what is currently known about how, in the process of such a response, cells recognize curvature and accordingly reshape their membrane. Beyond this, we highlight state-of-the-art microtechnologies for engineering curved biomaterials at cell-scale, and describe aspects that impair or improve readouts of the pure effect of curvature on cells.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Towards Self-Transfecting Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Gene Regulation (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Saketh Gudipati, Ke Zhang, Jessica L. Rouge〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nanoscale structures of therapeutic nucleic acids have shown enormous potential to help clinicians realize the promise of personaliz ed medicine using gene-specific treatments. With the advent of better sequencing through bioinformatic approaches and advancements in nucleic acid stabilization chemistries, the field of synthetic nucleic acid nanomaterials has advanced tremendously. This review focuses on an emerging strategy geared at gene silencing without the use of traditional polycation-based transfection agents and discusses how such nanostructures are being chemically tailored to navigate biological systems to improve their circulation time and biodistribution. We also address important challenges moving forward, including quantification of delivery and the multiplexing of sequences for regulating gene networks – a goal well suited for this unique class of materials.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    New Horizons in Acetogenic Conversion of One-Carbon Substrates and Biological Hydrogen Storage (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Volker Müller〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Strictly anaerobic, acetogenic (acetate-forming) bacteria are characterized by a reductive pathway in which two mol of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 are reduced to one mol of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and then further to acetate, ethanol, or butyrate. Therefore, they have come into focus for an alternative, CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based bioeconomy. Other one-carbon (C1) substrates, such as formic acid or methanol, are promising feedstocks for an alternative bioeconomy using acetogens as biocatalysts that have been somewhat overlooked. In addition, acetogens, such as 〈em〉Acetobacterium woodii〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Thermoanaerobacter kivui〈/em〉, have a unique enzyme system capable of reducing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to formate with H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as reductant that is superior over any chemical catalyst for CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-based hydrogen storage. Therefore, acetogens are also promising candidates in the hydrogen economy as potential catalysts for hydrogen storage or production.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Accelerating Climate Resilient Plant Breeding by Applying Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antoine L. Harfouche, Daniel A. Jacobson, David Kainer, Jonathon C. Romero, Antoine H. Harfouche, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza, Menachem Moshelion, Gerald A. Tuskan, Joost J.B. Keurentjes, Arie Altman〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Breeding crops for high yield and superior adaptability to new and variable climates is imperative to ensure continued food security, biomass production, and ecosystem services. Advances in genomics and phenomics are delivering insights into the complex biological mechanisms that underlie plant functions in response to environmental perturbations. However, linking genotype to phenotype remains a huge challenge and is hampering the optimal application of high-throughput genomics and phenomics to advanced breeding. Critical to success is the need to assimilate large amounts of data into biologically meaningful interpretations. Here, we present the current state of genomics and field phenomics, explore emerging approaches and challenges for multiomics big data integration by means of next-generation (Next-Gen) artificial intelligence (AI), and propose a workable path to improvement.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Policy Considerations Regarding Genome Editing (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Steffi Friedrichs, Yoko Takasu, Peter Kearns, Bertrand Dagallier, Ryudai Oshima, Janet Schofield, Catherine Moreddu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The international Organisation for Economic and Co-operative Development (OECD) conference on genome editing (June 2018) provided a timely platform for scientists, risk assessors, policy-makers, and regulators to discuss the applications and implications of this technology in various agriculture areas and the related policy considerations; in addition questions related to appropriate safety assessments and the regulation of genome-edited products were debated.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Risk-Based Bioengineering Strategies for Reliable Bacterial Vaccine Production (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tjerko Kamminga, Simen-Jan Slagman, Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos, Jetta J.E. Bijlsma, Peter J. Schaap〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Design of a reliable process for bacterial antigen production requires understanding of and control over critical process parameters. Current methods for process design use extensive screening experiments for determining ranges of critical process parameters yet fail to give clear insights into how they influence antigen potency. To address this gap, we propose to apply constraint-based, genome-scale metabolic models to reduce the need of experimental screening for strain selection and to optimize strains based on model driven iterative Design–Build–Test–Learn (DBTL) cycles. Application of these systematic methods has not only increased the understanding of how metabolic network properties influence antigen potency, but also allows identification of novel critical process parameters that need to be controlled to achieve high process reliability.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Bioprocessing Butanol into More Valuable Butyl Butyrate (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fengxue Xin, Wenming Zhang, Min Jiang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The toxicity of butanol to microbial cells makes it difficult to scale-up the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. Bioconversion of butanol into more valuable and nontoxic short-chain esters, such as butyl butyrate which is widely used in the food, beverage, and biofuel sectors, offers a promising alternative.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Targeting Plant ssDNA Viruses with Engineered Miniature CRISPR-Cas14a (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Zuhaib Khan, Sibtain Haider, Shahid Mansoor, Imran Amin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉CRISPR-Cas14a is a highly compact protein with great potential to be used as a guided genome editing tool for single-stranded (ss) DNA cleavage. Recently isolated from noncultured archaea, its unrestricted and sequence-independent cleavage makes it an ideal tool for engineering resistance against economically important plant ssDNA viruses.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Pick a Tag and Explore the Functions of Your Pet Protein (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Giel Vandemoortele, Sven Eyckerman, Kris Gevaert〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Protein tags have been essential for advancing our knowledge of the function of proteins, their localization, and the mapping of their interaction partners. Expressing epitope-tagged proteins has become a standard practice in every life science laboratory and, thus, continues to enable new studies. In recent years, several new tagging moieties have entered the limelight, many of them bringing new functionalities, such as targeted protein degradation, accurate quantification, and proximity labeling. Other novel tags aim at tackling research questions in challenging niches. In this review, we elaborate on recently introduced tags and the opportunities they provide for future research endeavors. In addition, we highlight how the genome-engineering revolution may boost the field of protein tags.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Anticancer Activities of Tumor-killing Nanorobots (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Suping Li, Qiao Jiang, Baoquan Ding, Guangjun Nie〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Pharmaceutical uses of cancer therapeutics, such as intravenous thrombin to elicit blood coagulation, have been hampered by lack of tumor specificity. Based on rapid progress in DNA origami-based machines capable of transporting molecular payloads, DNA nanorobots have been constructed to specifically deliver therapeutic agents into tumor vessels.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Safety Assessment of Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions to Novel Food Proteins (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antonio Fernandez, E.N. Clare Mills, Frits Koning, F. Javier Moreno〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Current international guidelines for the risk assessment of biotechnology-derived foods date back to 2003. We present new strategies and directions for assessing immune adverse reactions to novel food proteins. Understanding genetic factors involved in food allergy and the role of the gastrointestinal tract will streamline risk assessment strategies.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Mitigating Clonal Variation in Recombinant Mammalian Cell Lines (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jae Seong Lee, Helene Faustrup Kildegaard, Nathan E. Lewis, Gyun Min Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mammalian expression platforms are primary production systems for therapeutic proteins that require complex post-translational modifications. Current processes used for developing recombinant mammalian cell lines generate clonal cell lines with high phenotypic heterogeneity, which has puzzled researchers that use mammalian cell culture systems for a long time. Advances in mammalian genome-editing technologies and systems biotechnology have shed light on clonal variation and enabled rational cell engineering in a targeted manner. We propose a new approach for a next-generation cell line development platform that can minimize clonal variation. Combined with the knowledge-based selection of ideal integration sites and engineering targets, targeted integration-based cell line development will allow tailored control of recombinant gene expression with predicted phenotypes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Microparticles in Contact with Cells: From Carriers to Multifunctional Tissue Modulators (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mafalda D. Neto, Mariana B. Oliveira, João F. Mano〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉For several decades microparticles have been exclusively and extensively explored as spherical drug delivery vehicles and large-scale cell expansion carriers. More recently, microparticulate structures gained interest in broader bioengineering fields, integrating myriad strategies that include bottom-up tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting, and the development of tissue/disease models. The concept of bulk spherical micrometric particles as adequate supports for cell cultivation has been challenged, and systems with finely tuned geometric designs and (bio)chemical/physical features are current key players in impacting technologies. Herein, we critically review the state of the art and future trends of biomaterial microparticles in contact with cells and tissues, excluding internalization studies, and with emphasis on innovative particle design and applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Inter Partes Review: Patent Killer No More? (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Feng-Chi Chen, Pin-Shen Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Inter Partes〈/em〉 review (IPR) can efficiently invalidate drug patents and potentially convey strategic advantages to follow-on drug makers. However, recent changes in the IPR system foretell a tectonic shift in the landscape. Here we summarize these major changes and discuss the implications for the biopharmaceutical community.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Editors, Contents, Cover details (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 4〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    A Physiology-Inspired Multifactorial Toolbox in Soft-to-Hard Musculoskeletal Interface Tissue Engineering (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Isabel Calejo, Raquel Costa-Almeida, Rui L. Reis, Manuela E. Gomes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Musculoskeletal diseases are increasing the prevalence of physical disability worldwide. Within the body, musculoskeletal soft and hard tissues integrate through specific multitissue transitions, allowing for body movements. Owing to their unique compositional and structural gradients, injuries challenge the native interfaces and tissue regeneration is unlikely to occur. Tissue engineering strategies are emerging to emulate the physiological environment of soft-to-hard tissue interfaces. Advances in biomaterial design enable control over biophysical parameters, but biomaterials alone are not sufficient to provide adequate support and guide transplanted cells. Therefore, biological, biophysical, and biochemical tools can be integrated into a multifactorial toolbox, steering prospective advances toward engineering clinically relevant soft-to-hard tissue interfaces.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    The Regulation of Wearable Medical Devices (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nan Jiang, Julia E. Mück, Ali K. Yetisen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉This article provides a guideline for the design, manufacture, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance (PMS) of wearable medical devices (WMDs). The integration of regulatory considerations can accelerate wearable device (WD) development from laboratory to market while mitigating device failure risks. The implementation of stringent clinical evaluations will transcend WDs beyond consumer products.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Hands-On Introduction to Synthetic Biology for Security Professionals (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Neil R. Adames, Jenna E. Gallegos, Sonia Y. Hunt, William K. So, Jean Peccoud〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The rapid pace of life sciences innovations and a growing list of nontraditional actors engaging in biological research make it challenging to develop appropriate policies to protect sensitive infrastructures. To address this challenge, we developed a five-day awareness program for security professionals, including laboratory work, site visits, and lectures.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Reinventing the Wheel: Synthetic Circular RNAs for Mammalian Cell Engineering (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alan Costello, Nga T. Lao, Niall Barron, Martin Clynes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The circular RNA renaissance is upon us. Recent reports demonstrate applications of synthetic circular RNA molecules as gene therapies and in the production of biologics from cell-based expression systems. Circular RNAs are covalently closed loop RNA species that are formed naturally through noncolinear splicing of pre-mRNA. Although once thought to be noncoding artefacts from splicing errors, it is now accepted that circular RNAs are abundant and have diverse functions in gene regulation and protein coding in eukaryotes. Numerous reports have investigated circular RNAs in various diseases, but the promise of synthetic circular RNAs in the production of recombinant proteins and as RNA-based therapies is only now coming into focus. This review highlights reported uses of synthetic circular RNAs and describes methods for generating these molecules.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Bringing Microscopy-By-Sequencing into View (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander A. Boulgakov, Andrew D. Ellington, Edward M. Marcotte〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The spatial distribution of molecules and cells is fundamental to understanding biological systems. Traditionally, microscopies based on electromagnetic waves such as visible light have been used to localize cellular components by direct visualization. However, these techniques suffer from limitations of transmissibility and throughput. Complementary to optical approaches, biochemical techniques such as crosslinking can colocalize molecules without suffering the same limitations. However, biochemical approaches are often unable to combine individual colocalizations into a map across entire cells or tissues. Microscopy-by-sequencing techniques aim to biochemically colocalize DNA-barcoded molecules and, by tracking their thus unique identities, reconcile all colocalizations into a global spatial map. Here, we review this new field and discuss its enormous potential to answer a broad spectrum of questions.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Production and Quality Requirements of Human Platelet Lysate: A Position Statement from the Working Party on Cellular Therapies of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 17 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Katharina Schallmoser, Reinhard Henschler, Christian Gabriel, Mickey B.C. Koh, Thierry Burnouf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Human platelet lysate (HPL), rich in growth factors, is an efficient alternative supplement to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 〈em〉ex vivo〈/em〉 propagation of stromal cell-based medicinal products. Since 2014, HPL has been a focus of the Working Party for Cellular Therapies of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Currently, as several Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing protocols exist, an international consensus defining the optimal modes of industrial production, product specification, pathogen safety, and release criteria of this ancillary material (AM) is needed. This opinion article by the ISBT Working Party summarizes the current knowledge on HPL production and proposes recommendations on manufacturing and quality management in line with current technological innovations and regulations of biological products and advanced therapy medicinal products.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Synthesis of Recoded Bacterial Genomes toward Bespoke Biocatalysis (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pablo I. Nikel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Ongoing efforts in synthetic biology aim at constructing (micro)organisms with (pre)defined properties. A recent breakthrough is the chemical synthesis of a recoded 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 genome by Fredens 〈em〉et al〈/em〉. (〈em〉Nature〈/em〉, 2019). Besides the conceptual and technological 〈em〉tour de force〈/em〉, the consequences of this unprecedented effort for whole-cell biocatalysis are multifold.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    A Makerspace for Life Support Systems in Space (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 11 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jessica E. Snyder, David Walsh, Peter A. Carr, Lynn J. Rothschild〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Human space exploration and settlement will require leaps forward in life support for environmental management and healthcare. Life support systems must efficiently use nonrenewable resources packed from Earth while increasingly relying on resources available locally in space. On-demand production of components and materials (e.g., 3D printing and synthetic biology) holds promise to satisfy the evolving set of supplies necessary to outfit human missions to space. We consider here life support systems for missions planned in the 2020s, and discuss how the maker and 'do-it-yourself' (DIY) biology communities can develop rapid, on-demand manufacturing techniques and platforms to address these needs. This Opinion invites the diverse maker community into building the next generation of flight hardware for near-term space exploration.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Will Following the Regulatory Script for GMOs Promote Public Acceptance of Gene-Edited Crops? (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 13 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rod A. Herman, Maria Fedorova, Nicholas P. Storer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Risk-disproportionate regulation of gene-edited crops has been proposed to gain public acceptance for this breeding technique. However, confounding safety regulations with advocacy for an underlying technology risks weakening achievement of both objectives. Dedicated factual communication and education from trusted sources is likely to better support public acceptance of gene-edited crops.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Subscription and Copyright Information (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 8〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 8〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    Optogenetics in the Era of Cerebral Organoids (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zahra Shiri, Susan Simorgh, Somayeh Naderi, Hossein Baharvand〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The human brain has been deemed the most complex organ and has captivated neuroscientists for decades. Most studies of this organ have relied on reductionist model systems. Although all model systems are essentially wrong, cerebral organoids so far represent the closest recapitulation of human brain development and disease both in terms of cell diversity and organization. The optogenetic technique can be used in this context to study the functional neuroanatomy of the brain, to examine the neural circuits, and to determine the etiology of neurological disorders. In this opinion article, we suggest ways in which optogenetics can be combined with cerebral organoids to allow unprecedented precision and accuracy in studying normal and aberrant neurodevelopmental processes and, as well, neurodegenerative diseases.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Antimicrobial Inks: The Anti-Infective Applications of Bioprinted Bacterial Polysaccharides (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronan R. McCarthy, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Eujin Pei, Guang Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Bioprinting is a rapidly emerging technology with the potential to transform the biomedical sector. Here, we discuss how a range of bacterial polysaccharides with antibiofilm and antibacterial activity could be used to augment current bioink formulations to improve their biocompatibility and tackle the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Thermodynamic Activity-Based Solvent Design for Bioreactions (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 31 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anton Wangler, Christoph Held, Gabriele Sadowski〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉To improve the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, cosolvents are commonly added to reaction mixtures. The search for a good cosolvent is still empirical and experimentally based. We discuss a thermodynamic activity-based approach that improves biocatalytic processes by predicting cosolvent influences on Michaelis constants, ultimately reducing time and cost.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Designing Biobased Recyclable Polymers for Plastics (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rajni Hatti-Kaul, Lars J. Nilsson, Baozhong Zhang, Nicola Rehnberg, Stefan Lundmark〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Several concurrent developments are shaping the future of plastics. A transition to a sustainable plastics system requires not only a shift to fossil-free feedstock and energy to produce the carbon-neutral building blocks for polymers used in plastics, but also a rational design of the polymers with both desired material properties for functionality and features facilitating their recyclability. Biotechnology has an important role in producing polymer building blocks from renewable feedstocks, and also shows potential for recycling of polymers. Here, we present strategies for improving the performance and recyclability of the polymers, for enhancing degradability to monomers, and for improving chemical recyclability by designing polymers with different chemical functionalities.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    CRISPR/Cas Multiplexed Biosensing: A Challenge or an Insurmountable Obstacle? (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yi Li, Linyang Liu, Guozhen Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Performing multiplex detection is still an elusive goal for molecular diagnostics. CRISPR/Cas-based biosensing has demonstrated potential for multiplex detection. Instead of being an insurmountable obstacle, CRISPR/Cas multiplexed biosensing is a realistic challenge with some recent successful applications. Strategic considerations are required to fully explore its potential in multiplex diagnostics.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 7〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    New Frontiers for Biofabrication and Bioreactor Design in Microphysiological System Development (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jonathon Parrish, Khoon Lim, Boyang Zhang, Milica Radisic, Tim B.F. Woodfield〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been proposed as an improved tool to recreate the complex biological features of the native niche with the goal of improving 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉–〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉 extrapolation. In just over a decade, MPS technologies have progressed from single-tissue chips to multitissue plates with integrated pumps for perfusion. Concurrently, techniques for biofabrication of complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine and 3D 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 models have evolved into a diverse toolbox for micrometer-scale deposition of cells and cell-laden bioinks. However, as the complexity of biological models increases, experimental throughput is often compromised. This review discusses the existing disparity between MPS complexity and throughput, then examines an MPS-terminated biofabrication line to identify the hurdles and potential approaches to overcoming this disparity.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Plant–Bacterial Degradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Olga Turkovskaya, Anna Muratova〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria and plant root exudate enzymes from contaminated rhizospheres suggest that pollutant rhizodegradation involves the joint work of bacteria and plants. Plant–microbial associations with coupled metabolic capabilities that completely degrade PAHs while avoiding the formation of dangerous intermediates are biotechnologically promising.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Advances in Microfluidic Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) Models (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Arianna Oddo, Bo Peng, Ziqiu Tong, Yingkai Wei, Wing Yin Tong, Helmut Thissen, Nicolas Hans Voelcker〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Therapeutic options for neurological disorders currently remain limited. The intrinsic complexity of the brain architecture prevents potential therapeutics from reaching their cerebral target, thus limiting their efficacy. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and organ-on-chip systems have enabled the development of a new generation of 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 platforms that can recapitulate complex 〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉 microenvironments and physiological responses. In this context, microfluidic-based 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 models of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are of particular interest as they provide an innovative approach for conducting research related to the brain, including modeling of neurodegenerative diseases and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the most recent advances in BBB-on-chip devices and examine validation steps that will strengthen their future applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    An Industrial Perspective on Scale-Down Challenges Using Miniaturized Bioreactors (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tannaz Tajsoleiman, Lisa Mears, Ulrich Krühne, Krist V. Gernaey, Sjef Cornelissen〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Miniaturized stirred bioreactors (MSBRs) are gaining popularity as a cost-effective approach to scale-down experimentation. However, realizing conditions that reflect the large-scale process accurately can be challenging. This article highlights common challenges of using MSBRs for scale-down. The fundamental difference between oxygen mass transfer coefficient (〈em〉k〈sub〉L〈/sub〉a〈/em〉) and oxygen transfer rate scaling is addressed and the difficulty of achieving turbulent flow and industrially relevant tip speeds is described. More practical challenges of using MSBR systems for scale-down are also discussed, including the risk of vortex formation, changed volume dynamics, and wall growth. By highlighting these challenges, the article aims to create more awareness of these difficulties and to contribute to improved design of scale-down experiments.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Systems Metabolic Engineering Strategies: Integrating Systems and Synthetic Biology with Metabolic Engineering (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kyeong Rok Choi, Woo Dae Jang, Dongsoo Yang, Jae Sung Cho, Dahyeon Park, Sang Yup Lee〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metabolic engineering allows development of microbial strains efficiently producing chemicals and materials, but it requires much time, effort, and cost to make the strains industrially competitive. Systems metabolic engineering, which integrates tools and strategies of systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering with traditional metabolic engineering, has recently been used to facilitate development of high-performance strains. The past decade has witnessed this interdisciplinary strategy continuously being improved toward the development of industrially competitive overproducer strains. In this article, current trends in systems metabolic engineering including tools and strategies are reviewed, focusing on recent developments in selection of host strains, metabolic pathway reconstruction, tolerance enhancement, and metabolic flux optimization. Also, future challenges and prospects are discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vlada B. Urlacher, Marco Girhard〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP) are heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen into nonactivated C–H bonds, often in a regio- and stereoselective manner. This ability, combined with a tremendous number of accepted substrates, makes P450s powerful biocatalysts. Sixty years after their discovery, P450 systems are recognized as essential bio-bricks in synthetic biology approaches to enable production of high-value complex molecules in recombinant hosts. Recent impressive results in protein engineering led to P450s with tailored properties that are even able to catalyze abiotic reactions. The introduction of P450s in artificial multi-enzymatic cascades reactions and chemo-enzymatic processes offers exciting future perspectives to access novel compounds that cannot be synthesized by nature or by chemical routes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Computational Strategies for Niche-Dependent Cell Conversion to Assist Stem Cell Therapy (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antonio del Sol, Satoshi Okawa, Srikanth Ravichandran〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The field of regenerative medicine has blossomed in recent decades. However, the ultimate goal of tissue regeneration – replacing damaged or aged cells with healthy functioning cells – still faces a number of challenges. In particular, better understanding of the role of the cellular niche in shaping stem cell phenotype and conversion would aid in improving current protocols for stem cell therapies. In this regard, the implementation of novel computational approaches that consider the niche effect on stem cells would be valuable. Here we discuss current problems in stem cell transplantation and rejuvenation, and we propose computational strategies to control niche-dependent cell conversion to overcome them.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Optical and Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for the Detection of Quinolones (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marjan Majdinasab, Kohji Mitsubayashi, Jean Louis Marty〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉One major concern associated with food safety is related to residual effects of antibiotics that are widely used to treat animals and result in antimicrobial resistance. Among different groups of antibiotic, the use of quinolones in livestock is of major concern due to the significance of these antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of a range of infectious diseases in humans. Therefore, it is desirable to develop reliable methods for the rapid, sensitive, and on-site detection of quinolone residue levels in animal-derived foods to ensure food safety. Sensors and biosensors are promising future platforms for rapid and on-site monitoring of antibiotic residues. In this review, we focus on recent advancements and modern approaches in quinolone sensors and biosensors.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
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    A New Vascular Engineering Strategy Using 3D Printed Ice (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Giselle C. Yeo〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Vascular engineering requires integrating dimensional flexibility, strength, and bioactivity to fabricate materials that enable diffusive exchange of oxygen and nutrients between cells and their environment. A recent publication (〈em〉Biomaterials〈/em〉 2019;192:334–345) has described a new method of creating freestanding, tailorable, and biocompatible vascular constructs by coating ice scaffolds with natural or synthetic polymers.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Enabling the Advanced Bioeconomy through Public Policy Supporting Biofoundries and Engineering Biology (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 26 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Richard Kitney, Michael Adeogun, Yoshiyuki Fujishima, Ángel Goñi-Moreno, Richard Johnson, Mary Maxon, Scott Steedman, Sean Ward, David Winickoff, Jim Philp〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉The bioeconomy concept is proliferating globally. However, the enabling roles of biotechnology may be getting sidelined in the strategies of some countries. A goal for engineering biology is alignment with the engineering design cycle to enable more rapid commercialization. This paper considers several policy options to remove critical technical barriers to commercialization.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Strategies for Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis in Fungi: (Trends in Biotechnology 37, 416–427, 2019) (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Elizabeth Skellam〈/p〉
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    Engineering Polymerases for New Functions (2019)
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    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Timothy A. Coulther, Hannah R. Stern, Penny J. Beuning〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉DNA polymerases are critical tools in biotechnology, enabling efficient and accurate amplification of DNA templates, yet many desired functions are not readily available in natural DNA polymerases. New or improved functions can be engineered in DNA polymerases by mutagenesis or through the creation of protein chimeras. Engineering often necessitates the development of new techniques, such as selections in water-in-oil emulsions that connect genotype to phenotype and allow more flexibility in engineering than phage display. Engineering efforts have led to DNA polymerases that can withstand extreme conditions or the presence of inhibitors, as well as polymerases with the ability to copy modified DNA templates. In this review we discuss polymerases for biotechnology that have been reported along with tools to enable further development.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Production and Biomedical Application of Flavivirus-like Particles (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ewelina Krol, Gabriela Brzuska, Boguslaw Szewczyk〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉〈div〉〈p〉Many viruses belonging to the 〈em〉Flaviviridae〈/em〉 family are transmitted by invertebrate vectors. Among those transmitted by mosquitos, there are many human pathogens of great medical importance, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, or yellow fever virus. Millions of people contract mosquito-borne diseases each year, leading to thousands of deaths. Co-circulation of genetically similar flaviviruses in the same areas result in the generation of crossreactive antibodies, which is of serious concern for the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tests. This review provides comprehensive insight into the potential use of virus-like particles as safe and effective antigens in both diagnostics tests, as well as in the development of vaccines against several mosquito-borne flaviviruses.〈/p〉〈/div〉〈/div〉
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    Protein- and Peptide-Based Biosensors in Artificial Olfaction (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Arménio J.M. Barbosa, Ana Rita Oliveira, Ana C.A. Roque〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Animals’ olfactory systems rely on proteins, olfactory receptors (ORs) and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), as their native sensing units to detect odours. Recent advances demonstrate that these proteins can also be employed as molecular recognition units in gas-phase biosensors. In addition, the interactions between odorant molecules and ORs or OBPs are a source of inspiration for designing peptides with tunable odorant selectivity. We review recent progress in gas biosensors employing biological units (ORs, OBPs, and peptides) in light of future developments in artificial olfaction, emphasizing examples where biological components have been employed to detect gas-phase analytes.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Clinical Potential of Immobilized Liquid Interfaces: Perspectives on Biological Interactions (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Grace Mackie, Lingzi Gao, Stephen Yau, Daniel C. Leslie, Anna Waterhouse〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Immobilized liquid (IL) surface coatings are an emerging technology that provide to materials the ability to repel complex biological fluids and hold promise in medical applications to prevent biological fouling, especially in the context of preventing medical device-induced thrombosis, fibrosis, and biofilm formation. However, little is known about the biological interactions of the IL with proteins and cells, and an increased understanding is critical for optimal device application, function, and successful clinical translation. Here, we review existing clinical and biological knowledge of the liquids used in these surface coatings, recent developments in understanding the biological interactions of IL coatings, and future directions and challenges for the clinical translation of this new class of IL surface coatings.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3096
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Inflammation-on-a-Chip: Probing the Immune System Ex Vivo (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel Irimia, Xiao Wang〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Inflammation is the typical result of activating the host immune system against pathogens, and it helps to clear microbes from tissues. However, inflammation can occur in the absence of pathogens, contributing to tissue damage and leading to disease. Understanding how immune cells coordinate their activities to initiate, modulate, and terminate inflammation is key to developing effective interventions to preserve health and combat diseases. Towards this goal, inflammation-on-a-chip tools provide unique features that greatly benefit the study of inflammation. They reconstitute tissue environments in microfabricated devices and enable real-time, high-resolution observations and quantification of cellular activities relevant to inflammation. We review here recent advances in inflammation-on-a-chip technologies and highlight the biological insights and clinical applications enabled by these emerging tools.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
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    Towards Food Security: Current State and Future Prospects of Agrobiotechnology (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Agata Tyczewska, Ewa Woźniak, Joanna Gracz, Jakub Kuczyński, Tomasz Twardowski〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The consistent increase in the global population, estimated to reach 9 billion people by 2050, poses a serious challenge for the achievement of global food security. Therefore, the need to feed an increasing world population and to respond adequately to the effects of climate change must be urgently considered. Progress may be achieved by applying knowledge of molecular and genetic mechanisms to create and/or improve agricultural and industrial processes. We highlight the importance of crops (wheat, maize, rice, rapeseed, and soybean) to the development of sustainable agriculture and agrobiotechnology in the EU and discuss possible solutions for ensuring food security, while also considering their social acceptance.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
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  • 95
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    Agriculture R&D Implications of the CJEU’s Gene-Specific Mutagenesis Ruling (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stuart J. Smyth, Rim Lassoued〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉On 25 July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that gene-specific mutagenesis must be regulated as genetically modified organism (GMO) technologies. However, the costs to agricultural research and development (R&D) innovation will be staggering, not to mention the brain drain to other countries. As a result, Europe can now be known as the deathplace of agricultural breeding innovations.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
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  • 96
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    Genome Editing: Targeting Susceptibility Genes for Plant Disease Resistance (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 9〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi, M. Shahid Mukhtar, Shahid Mansoor〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Plant pathogens pose a major threat to crop productivity. Typically, phytopathogens exploit plants’ susceptibility (S) genes to facilitate their proliferation. Disrupting these S genes may interfere with the compatibility between the host and the pathogens and consequently provide broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. In the past, genetic manipulation of such S genes has been shown to confer disease resistance in various economically important crops. Recent studies have accomplished this task in a transgene-free system using new genome editing tools, including clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In this Opinion article, we focus on the use of genome editing to target S genes for the development of transgene-free and durable disease-resistant crop varieties.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0167-7799
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  • 97
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    Response to Beriain (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 12〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Krishanu Saha, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Sheila Jasanoff〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Professor Beriain’s criticism rests on a narrow conception of human dignity pertaining only to individuals within a society. The social relations and norms that underpin human dignity are treated as mere group interests that are secondary to the dignity of the individual. In our view, this is a false dichotomy.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Green Therapeutic Biocapsules: Using Plant Cells to Orally Deliver Biopharmaceuticals (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sergio Rosales-Mendoza, Ricardo Nieto-Gómez〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉The use of innovative platforms to produce biopharmaceuticals cheaply and deliver them through noninvasive routes could expand their social benefits. Coverage should increase as a consequence of lower cost and higher patient compliance due to painless administration. For more than two decades of research, oral therapies that rely on genetically engineered plants for the production of biopharmaceuticals have been explored to treat or prevent high-impact diseases. Recent reports on the successful oral delivery of plant-made biopharmaceuticals raise new hopes for the field. Several candidates have shown protection in animal models, and efforts to establish their production on an industrial scale are ongoing. These advances and perspectives for the field are analyzed.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Electrochemical and Optical Sensors (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 37, Issue 3〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Omar S. Ahmad, Thomas S. Bedwell, Cem Esen, Alvaro Garcia-Cruz, Sergey A. Piletsky〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉Molecular imprinting is the process of template-induced formation of specific recognition sites in a polymer. Synthetic receptors prepared using molecular imprinting possess a unique combination of properties such as robustness, high affinity, specificity, and low-cost production, which makes them attractive alternatives to natural receptors. Improvements in polymer science and nanotechnology have contributed to enhanced performance of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensors. Encouragingly, recent years have seen an increase in high-quality publications describing MIP sensors for the determination of biomolecules, drugs of abuse, and explosives, driving toward applications of this technology in medical and forensic diagnostics. This review aims to provide a focused overview of the latest achievements made in MIP-based sensor technology, with emphasis on research toward real-life applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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    CRISPR-Based Technologies for Metabolic Engineering in Cyanobacteria (2018)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 36, Issue 10〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juliane Behler, Dhanya Vijay, Wolfgang R. Hess, M. Kalim Akhtar〈/p〉 〈div〉〈p〉In metabolic engineering, the production of industrially relevant chemicals, via rational engineering of microorganisms, is an intensive area of research. One particular group of microorganisms that is fast becoming recognized for their commercial potential is cyanobacteria. Through the process of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria can use CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as a building block to synthesize carbon-based chemicals. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-dependent approaches have rapidly gained popularity for engineering cyanobacteria. Such approaches permit markerless genome editing, simultaneous manipulation of multiple genes, and transcriptional regulation of genes. The drastically shortened timescale for mutant selection and segregation is especially advantageous for cyanobacterial work. In this review, we highlight studies that have implemented CRISPR-based tools for the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria.〈/p〉〈/div〉
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