ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (458)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (458)
  • Hindawi  (458)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Journal of Electrochemistry  (186)
  • 165403
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (458)
Collection
  • Articles  (458)
Source
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (458)
Publisher
  • Hindawi  (458)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
Years
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Novel Electrochemical Method for Protionamide Determination Based on Its Interaction with Alizarin Red S (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: The interaction of protionamide with alizarin red S (ARS) and its analytical application were carefully investigated in this contribution. The interaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized by cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the cyclic voltammetry curve of ARS showed an oxidation peak with the peak potential of 0.57 V. After the addition of protionamide to the ARS solution, the peak potential was negatively moved, and meanwhile the oxidation peak current decreased apparently to the concentration of protionamide and then a new method for the protionamide determination was established. The linear equation between the decreasing current (Δip) and protionamide concentration was got as Δip (μA) = 0.01514 (mg/L) −0.01553   with the linear range of 10.0~50.0 mg/L, and the detection limit () was got as 8.25 μg/mL. The effects of coexisting substances on the determination were carefully investigated and the protionamide artificial and tablet samples were detected with satisfactory results.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of Total Germanium in Chinese Herbal Remedies by Square-Wave Catalytic Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry at an Improved Bismuth Film Electrode (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: A catalytic adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method on an improved bismuth film electrode (BiFE) for the determination of trace germanium in the presence of pyrogallol has been investigated. A well-defined and sensitive stripping peak of Ge(IV)-pyrogallol complex was observed at −0.79 V (versus SCE) in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.8) at a deposition potential of −0.34 V. The reduction current is catalytically enhanced by adding KBrO3. The experimental variables and potential interference were studied. Compared with the BiFE plated in the solution prepared based on HAc-NaAc without trisodium citrate, the improved BiFE electrodeposited in the solution of HAc-NaAc containing trisodium citrate displayed a better electroanalytical performance for the determination of germanium(IV). Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of Ge(IV) was 60 ng L−1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.73% at 5 μg L−1 level (). This method was successfully applied to determine the total germanium in several Chinese herbal remedies.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Voltammetry Study of an Anti-HIV Compound by means of a Thin Organic Membrane (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: Cyclic and square wave voltammetries have been used to study electrochemical behaviour of an anti-HIV agent (Guttiferone A) at the liquid-liquid interface. The thin organic membrane is formed by an organic solvent containing redox probe. Guttiferone A, a benzophenone (BP) with appropriate electrolyte. It is demonstrated that BP possesses three reduction systems due to the redox transformation of the three tautomeric forms that lead to the migration of proton between the hydroxyl group in position 4 and the carbonyl group in positions 2 and 10. The transfer of proton from the aqueous solution to the organic phase is crucial for the redox transformation of BP into the organic membrane. The voltammograms obtained are strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase. The electrochemical mechanism consists of 2e−/2H+ exchange to form the separate redox compound BPH2.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Dopamine Sensor Based on Pre-Concentration by Magnetic Nanoparticles (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Herein, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and characterized. Afterward, a magnetic carbon paste electrode (MCPE) was modified with MNPs via casting and drying MNPs on top of the MCPE (MCPE/MNP). Electrochemical behavior of the MCPE/MNP was studied by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a redox probe, and surface of MNPs was evaluated as . The behavior of MCPE/MNP towards dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) has been investigated by electrochemical methods, and the obtained results showed that the MCPE/MNP has adsorption behavior towards only DA. Based on this behavior, the DA molecules were pre-concentrated on top of the MCPE/MNP and followed with stripping in DA free solution. Subsequent to experimental and instrumental optimization, a calibration curve from to  M DA with , DL =  M DA, and RSD = 4.6%, was obtained in the presence of  M AA. Performance of the MCPE/MNP was successfully tested in a pharmaceutical sample.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Amperometric Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spores: A Portable, Low-Cost Approach to the ELISA (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Antibody-based detection assays are generally robust, a desirable characteristic for in-the-field use. However, to quantify the colorimetric or fluorescent signal, these assays require expensive and fragile instruments which are ill-suited to in-the-field use. Lateral flow devices (LFDs) circumvent these barriers to portability but suffer from poor sensitivity and subjective interpretation. Here, an antibody-based method for detecting Bacillus anthracis spores via amperometric signal generation is compared to ELISA and LFDs. This amperometric immunoassay uses antibody conjugated to magnetic beads and glucose oxidase (GOX) along with the electron mediator 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) for production of a measurable current from a 0.4 V bias voltage. With similar sensitivity to ELISA, the assay can be completed in about 75 minutes while being completely powered and operated from a laptop computer. Immunoassay amperometry holds promise for bringing low-cost, quantitative detection of hazardous agents to the field.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electroanalytical Performance of a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by Coffee Husks for the Quantification of Acetaminophen in Quality Control of Commercialized Pharmaceutical Tablets (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-04
    Description: Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen (APAP) was successfully performed using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with coffee husks (CH-CPE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were, respectively, used for the morphological and elemental characterization of coffee husks prior to their utilization. The electrochemical oxidation of APAP was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). SWV technique appeared to be more sensitive since the oxidation current of APAP was twofold higher with the CH-CPE sensor than with the bare CPE, in relation to the increase in the organophilic character of the electrode surface. Furthermore, on CH-CPE, the current response of APAP varied linearly with its concentration in the range of 6.6 μM to 0.5 mM, leading to a detection limit of 0.66 μM (). Finally, the proposed CH-CPE sensor was successfully used to determine the amount of APAP in commercialized tablets (Doliprane® 500 and Doliprane 1000), with a recovery rate ranging from 98% to 103%. This novel sensor opens the way for the development of low-cost and reliable devices for the electroanalysis of pharmaceutical formulations in developing countries.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigation of Imbalanced Activated Carbon Electrode Supercapacitors (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: Imbalanced supercapacitor was constructed by using various ratio of activated carbon (AC) of positive to negative electrode. The electrochemical behavior of imbalanced supercapacitor was investigated using 1.0 M spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate electrolyte in propylene carbonate. The results showed that there are some factors that influenced the imbalanced supercapacitor with different AC ratio of positive to negative electrode, the utilization of AC, electrode potential distribution, and life cycle. The imbalanced supercapacitor with an AC weight ratio of 80 : 120 of positive to negative electrode has an average potential distribution in each electrode, and it revealed the best electrochemical performance: specific capacitor was 39.6 Fg−1, while the charge-discharge efficiency was 97.2% after 2000 life cycle tests.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Straight-Parallel Electrodes and Variable Gap for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The challenges to be overtaken with alkaline water electrolysis are the reduction of energy consumption, the maintenance, and the cost as well as the increase of durability, reliability, and safety. Having these challenges in mind, this work focused on the reduction of the electrical resistance of the electrolyte which directly affects energy consumption. According to the definition of electrical resistance of an object, the reduction of the space between electrodes could lower the electrical resistance but, in this process, the formation of bubbles could modify this affirmation. In this work, the performance analyses of nine different spaces between stainless steel 316L electrodes were carried out, although the spaces proposed are not the same as those from the positive electrode (anode) to the separator and from the separator to the negative electrode (cathode). The reason why this is studied is that stoichiometry of the reaction states that two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen can be obtained per every two moles of water. The proposed spaces were 10.65, 9.20, 8.25, 7.25, 6.30, 6.05, 4.35, 4.15, and 3.40 millimetres. From the nine different analysed distances between electrodes, it can be said that the best performance was reached by one of the smallest distances proposed, 4.15 mm. When the same distance between electrodes was compared (the same and different distance between electrodes and separator), the one that had almost twice the distance (negative compartment) presented an increase in current density of approximately 33% with respect to that where both distances (from electrodes to separator) are the same. That indicates that the stichometry of the electrolysis reaction influenced the performance.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Removal of Solids from Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Paint Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Technique (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Electrocoagulation has been employed as a treatment technique for treating various wastewaters. This study focuses on the performance of electrocoagulation process for the treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Paint Wastewater (PW) using iron electrodes. POME obtained from local palm oil producers and PW from a paint industry, both in Enugu state of Nigeria, were treated by electrocoagulation using two iron electrodes. Effects of current density, electrocoagulation time, pH, and temperature were studied. Results revealed that this process could reduce the concentration of Total Suspended and Dissolved Solids (TSDP), in both POME and PW. The highest removal efficiencies of 65% and 76% were obtained for POME and PW, respectively, at 3 Amps, 60min, pH of 10, and 50°C for POME and 3 Amps, 60min, pH of 6, and 60°C for PW. Of the two kinetic models studied, second-order kinetic model fitted best to the obtained experimental kinetic data. From this study, it can be concluded that electrocoagulation is effective in the treatment of POME and PW.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling the Lithium Ion/Electrode Battery Interface Using Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion, the Laplace Transform, Charge Transfer Functions, and a [4, 4] Padé Approximant (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: This work investigates a one-dimensional model for the solid-state diffusion in a LiC6/LiMnO2 rechargeable cell. This cell is used in hybrid electric vehicles. In this environment the cell experiences low frequency electrical pulses that degrade the electrodes. The model’s starting point is Fick’s second law of diffusion. The Laplace transform is used to move from time as the independent variable to frequency as the independent variable. To better understand the effect of frequency changes on the cell, a transfer function is constructed. The transfer function is a transcendental function so a Padé approximant is found to better describe the model at the origin. Consider .
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cyclic Voltammetric Study of High Speed Silver Electrodeposition and Dissolution in Low Cyanide Solutions (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The electrochemical processes in solutions with a much lower amount of free cyanide (
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of PMMA Based Gel Electrolyte Membranes (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-19
    Description: New gel polymer electrolytes containing poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(methyl methacrylate) are prepared by solution casting method. With the addition of 60 wt.% of EC to PVdC-AN/PMMA blend, ionic conductivity value  S cm−1 has been achieved. XRD and FT-IR studies have been conducted to investigate the structure and complexation in the polymer gel electrolytes. The FT-IR spectra show that the functional groups C=O and C≡N play major role in ion conduction. Thermal stability of the prepared membranes is found to be about 180°C.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evaluation of Hydrophilized Graphite Felt for Electrochemical Heavy Metals Detection (Pb2+, Hg2+) (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-09
    Description: Hydrophilized graphite felt has been used, for the first time, for the electrochemical detection of Hg2+ ions both as single metal species and via its simultaneous detection with Pb2+. To do so, square wave voltammetry (SWV) method was developed with alginate modified graphite felt as working electrode. The structure of the graphite felt such as its high porosity and specific surface area coupled with its good electrical conductivity allows achieving large peak currents via the SWV method, suggesting that the alginate coating helps to preconcentrate metals at the carbon surface. The as-described electrode has low cost, it is easy to manipulate, and the electrochemical analysis can be performed by simple immersion of the felt in the metal solution.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Empirical Rate Constant Based Model to Study Capacity Fading in Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: A one-dimensional model based on solvent diffusion and kinetics to study the formation of the SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer and its impact on the capacity of a lithium ion battery is developed. The model uses the earlier work on silicon oxidation but studies the kinetic limitations of the SEI growth process. The rate constant of the SEI formation reaction at the anode is seen to play a major role in film formation. The kinetics of the reactions for capacity fading for various battery systems are studied and the rate constants are evaluated. The model is used to fit the capacity fade in different battery systems.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Graphene: A Rising Star on the Horizon of Materials Science (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Graphene, a one-atom thick planar sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice, is considered to be the mother of all graphitic materials like fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphite. Graphene has created tremendous interest to both physicists and chemists due to its various fascinating properties, both observed and predicted with possible potential applications in nanoelectronics, supercapacitors, solar cells, batteries, flexible displays, hydrogen storage, and sensors. In this paper, a brief overview on various aspects of graphene such as synthesis, functionalization, self-assembly, and some of its amazing properties along with its various applications ranging from sensors to energy storage devices had been illustrated.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sensor Arrays and Electronic Tongue Systems (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: This paper describes recent work performed with electronic tongue systems utilizing electrochemical sensors. The electronic tongues concept is a new trend in sensors that uses arrays of sensors together with chemometric tools to unravel the complex information generated. Initial contributions and also the most used variant employ conventional ion selective electrodes, in which it is named potentiometric electronic tongue. The second important variant is the one that employs voltammetry for its operation. As chemometric processing tool, the use of artificial neural networks as the preferred data processing variant will be described. The use of the sensor arrays inserted in flow injection or sequential injection systems will exemplify attempts made to automate the operation of electronic tongues. Significant use of biosensors, mainly enzyme-based, to form what is already named bioelectronic tongue will be also presented. Application examples will be illustrated with selected study cases from the Sensors and Biosensors Group at the Autonomous University of Barcelona.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on the Shuttlelike Nano-CuO-Modified Electrode (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: CuO nanocrystals were prepared with hydrothermal synthesis method. The morphology of the nano-CuO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared shuttlelike CuO nanocrystals were modified to glass carbon electrode (GCE) to form nano-CuO/GCE modified electrode. The obtained modified electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic property towards hydrogen peroxide in 0.01 M NaOH containing 0.09 M KCl electrolyte. Under the optimal experiment conditions, the electrocatalytic response current of this sensor was proportional to the H2O2 concentration in the range of 0.02 μM~250 μM with a detection limit down to 7 nM (signal/noise = 3). The sensitivity was calculated to be 227 μA/mM. The H2O2 sensor exhibited low detection limit, fast response time, and good reproducibility and could be applied to determine hydrogen peroxide.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effect of Elemental Composition on the Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Ozone Production Activity of Ti/SnO (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ni electrodes with various Ni- and Sb-doping levels have been prepared by dip-coating thermal pyrolysis procedure, and their simultaneous electrochemical ozone production (EOP) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated. The effects of electrode composition on the nanostructure, morphology, electrochemical behavior, kinetic parameters, and lifetime of the electrodes were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. Dissolved ozone was produced in a quartz cell and its concentration was monitored by in situ UV spectrophotometry. The presence of small amounts of Ni (Ni : Sn atomic ratio of 0.2 : 100) gives valuable characteristics to the electrodes such as increasing EOP activity and service life. Higher Ni concentrations increase the electrode film resistance and decrease its capacitance, roughness factor, and service life, while increasing Sb level up to 12 atom% improves the electrode performance with respect to these parameters. Nevertheless, the Sb/Sn atomic ratio of more than 2% reduces the EOP current efficiency in favor of OER. The optimum composition of the electrode for EOP was determined to be Sb/Sn and Ni/Sn atomic ratios of 2% and 0.2%, respectively. The highest current efficiency was 48.3% in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spontaneous Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanostructured MnO (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: This paper investigated the layered manganese dioxide with hydrate (MnO2⋅
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Improvement of Amperometric Biosensor Performance for H2O2 Detection based on Bimetallic PtM (M = Ru, Au, and Ir) Nanoparticles (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Novel bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized via rapid microwave irradiation, leading to an improved sensitivity and a highly anti-interference property for amperometric biosensor in H2O2 detection. The material characterizations were performed by TEM, XRD, and EDX, which show the bimetallic formation of Pt-based catalysts and well-dispersed nanoparticles of 2–5 nm. The sensitivities for the detection of H2O2 of PtRu, PtAu, and PtIr as the biosensor working electrode catalysts are 539.01 (
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrochemical Detection of Iron in a Lixiviant Solution of Polluted Soil Using a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: This paper presents preliminary results on the modification of glassy carbon electrodes with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with or without Polyaniline and Pt nanoparticles as electrocatalytic materials for metallic pollutants detection. Electrodes were constructed and incorporated as amperometric detectors of ionic iron electroreduction using the Flow Injection Amperometric technique in aqueous solution. The results not only revealed the modified electrode with nanotubes, polyaniline and platinum nanoparticles were the most selective and sensitive, but also provided an electroanalytic tool to analyze iron in lixiviated samples of polluted soil. The proposed iron sensor exhibited a linear response between 0 and 10 mM with detection and quantification limits of 0.003 and 0.012 μM, respectively. The aqueous samples were taken from a lixiviated solution of polluted soil from Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, Mexico, to define the erosion grade of soil.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Voltammetric Determination of Captopril Using Chlorpromazine as a Homogeneous Mediator (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Chlorpromazine was used as a homogeneous electrocatalyst in the oxidation of captopril. The anodic peak current of chlorpromazine was increased substantially in the presence of low concentrations of captopril (pH 4). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to study the kinetics of the catalytic electron transfer reaction. The values of electron transfer coefficient (
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Calibration of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imager for Biochemical Detection (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: We present a new Surface Plasmon Resonance imager (SPRi) based on immobilized T4-phage for bacteria detection. First, we present the sensitivity of the SPR imager towards refractive index variation for biosensor application. The SPR imager can be calibrated versus different percentage of triethylene glycol mixture in ultrapure water. The system can be used as a refractometer with sensitivity below 5×10−5 in the range of 1.33300–1.34360. Second, bacteriophage (T4-phage) can be physisorbed on gold microarray spots for bacteria detection. The kinetic physisorption of different concentrations of T4-phages can be observed in real time. Finally, two types of bacteria such as E. coli (gram negative) and Lactobacillus (gram positive) were used for positive and negative tests. The results show a selectivity of T4-phage toward E. coli with a detection limit below 104 CFU/mL and with good reproducibility.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theoretical Study on Solubility from Pt Electrocatalyst and Reactivity in Electrolyte Environment of Pt Complex in PEFC (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: We theoretically analyzed the formation energy and solvation free energy of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes with three types of ligands (H2O,OH−,andCF3SO3−) in electrolyte environment under the low- and high-humidity conditions to study the Pt electrocatalyst degradation and dissolution mechanisms for polymer electrolyte fuel cell. To represent the low- and high-humidity conditions in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer electrolyte membrane, we controlled the dielectric constant based on the experimental result. We observed general tendencies that the formation energy becomes larger while the solvation free energy becomes smaller under the low-humidity condition. The degradation of Pt complex from Pt surface is indicated to be accelerated by the adsorption of the end group of PFSA polymer side chain, on the Pt surface by comparing the desorption energies of [Pt(H2O)2(OH)3(CF3SO3)] and [Pt(H2O)2(OH)4]. The [Pt(H2O)4]2+ is not formed by the proton addition reaction between Pt complexes under the low-humidity condition of PFSA environment. From the analysis of possible reaction pathways of Pt complexes, we found the influence of humidity on the reactivity of Pt complex.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Catechol and Resorcinol at Graphene Doped Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: A new composite electrode has been prepared with doping graphene into the paste consisting graphite and ionic liquid, n-octyl-pyridinum hexafluorophosphate (OPFP). This electrode shows an excellent electrochemical activity for the redox of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS). In comparison with bare paste electrode, the redox peaks of three isomers of dihydroxybenzene can be obviously, simultaneously observed at graphene doping paste electrode. Under the optimized condition, the simultaneous determination of HQ, CC, and RS in their ternary mixture can be carried out with a differential pulse voltammetric technique. The peak currents are linear to the concentration of HQ, CC, and RS in the range form 1×10−5 to 4×10−4, 1×10−5 to 3×10−4, and 1×10−6 to 1.7×10−4 mol L−1, respectively. The limits of detection are 1.8×10−6 mol L−1 for HQ, 7.4×10−7 mol L−1 for CC, and 3.6×10−7 M for RS, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High Tap Density Spherical Li[Ni (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Spherical [Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2](OH)2 precursor with narrow size distribution and high tap density has been successfully synthesized by a continuous hydroxide coprecipitation, and Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 is then prepared by mixing the precursor with 6% excess Li2CO3 followed by calcinations. The tap density of the obtained Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 powder is as high as 2.61 g cm−3. The powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and charge/discharge cycling. The XRD studies show that the prepared Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 has a well-ordered layered structure without any impurity phases. Good packing properties of spherical secondary particles (about 12 μm) consisted of a large number of tiny-thin plate-shape primary particles (less than 1 μm), which can be identified from the SEM observations. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 2.5–4.6 V, Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 delivers the initial discharge capacity of approximately 175 and 214 mAh g−1 at a current density of 32 mA g−1, and the capacity retention after 50 cycles reaches 98.8% and 90.2%, respectively. Besides, it displays good high-temperature characteristics and excellent rate capability.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Enhanced Supercapacitance of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide/Mesocarbon Microbeads Composites toward Electrochemical Capacitors (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: A facile hydrothermal strategy was proposed to synthesize RuO2·nH2O/mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) composites. Further physical characterizations revealed that RuO2·nH2O nanoparticles (NPs) were well dispersed upon the surfaces of the MCMB pretreated in 6 M KOH solution. Electrochemical data indicated that the RuO2·nH2O/MCMB composites owned higher electrochemical utilization of RuO2 species, better power property, and better electrochemical stability, compared with the single RuO2 phase. The good dispersion of RuO2·nH2O NPs and enhanced electronic conductivity made the H+ ions and electrons easily contact the RuO2·nH2O phase for efficient energy storage at high rates.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Prussian Blue Modified Solid Carbon Nanorod Whisker Paste Composite Electrodes: Evaluation towards the Electroanalytical Sensing of H2O2 (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Metallic impurity free solid carbon nanorod “Whiskers” (SCNR Whiskers), a derivative of carbon nanotubes, are explored in the fabrication of a Prussian Blue composite electrode and critically evaluated towards the mediated electroanalytical sensing of H2O2. The sensitivity and detection limits for H2O2 on the paste electrodes containing 20% (w/w) Prussian Blue, mineral oil, and carbon nanorod whiskers were explored and found to be 120 mA/(M cm2) and 4.1 μM, respectively, over the concentration range 0.01 to 0.10 mM. Charge transfer constant for the 20% Prussian Blue containing SCNR Whiskers paste electrode was calculated, for the reduction of Prussian Blue to Prussian White, to reveal a value of 1.8±0.2 1/s (
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identification of Four Wood Species by an Electronic Nose and by LIBS (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: This paper presents two complementary methods capable of identifying four wood species (Cedrela fissilis, Ocotea porosa, Hymenolobium petraeum, and Aspidosperma subincanum) both by their volatile organic compounds and by the presence of 10 chemical elements: Al, B, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Na, and Si. The volatile compounds were detected by an electronic nose formed by an array of three different conductive polymer gas sensors. The elemental determination was made by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). The emissions measured were treated by principal component analysis (PCA). Leave-one-out analysis showed a rate of hits of 100%.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theory of Square-Wave Voltammetry of Two-Electron Reduction with the Adsorption of Intermediate (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Thermodynamically unstable intermediate of fast and reversible two-electron electrode reaction can be stabilized by the adsorption to the electrode surface. In square-wave voltammetry of this reaction mechanism, the split response may appear if the electrode surface is not completely covered by the adsorbed intermediate. The dependence of the difference between the net peak potentials of the prepeak and postpeak on the square-wave frequency is analyzed theoretically. This relationship can be used for the estimation of adsorption constant.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    One-Step Synthesized Pt-on-NiCo Nanostructures for Oxygen Reduction with High Activity and Long-Term Stability (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: A novel particle-on-alloy nanomaterial has been designed and successfully synthesized for oxygen reduction (ORR) with high activity and long-term stability, in which well-isolated Pt nanoparticles are supported by amorphous NiCo nanoalloys. The Pt-on-NiCo nanostructures are prepared through the artificial active collodion membrane by one-step method, and experimental data reveals that Pt is isolated and spreads onto the amorphous NiCo nanosupport, and not only Pt but also Ni and Co are metallic in the Pt-on-NiCo nanostructures. The optimized Pt53-on-NiCo nanostructures show higher activities in both the onset potential and kinetic current density toward the ORR relative to the commercial Pt reference catalysts because the Pt-on-NiCo catalyst could lower the OHad, which is considered to inhibit the ORR toward water. Meanwhile, Pt-on-NiCo nanostructures exhibit relatively long-term stability with only ~8% loss in electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for Pt.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Conductivity at Low Humidity of Materials Derived from Ferroxane Particles (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Carboxylic-acid-stabilised γ-FeOOH particles (ferroxanes) are synthesized using a precipitation from aqueous solution, and a following reaction with acetic acid. The materials produced with these powders are investigated by XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity of both sintered and unsintered materials decreases strongly with a decrease in water partial pressure in the atmosphere during the test. The highest conductivity (7·10−3 S cm−1) is measured in air ( = 0.037 atm) at room temperature on sintered material. The conductivity values are compared with other works in the literature and the dependence of conductivity on surface area and pore size is discussed. It is suggested that both unsintered and sintered materials act as proton conductors at room temperature under moderate humidity conditions.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Diverse Role of Silicon Carbide in the Domain of Nanomaterials (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material due to its unique property to adopt different crystalline polytypes which monitor the band gap and the electronic and optical properties. Despite being an indirect band gap semiconductor, SiC is used in several high-performance electronic and optical devices. SiC has been long recognized as one of the best biocompatible materials, especially in cardiovascular and blood-contacting implants and biomedical devices. In this paper, diverse role of SiC in its nanostructured form has been discussed. It is felt that further experimental and theoretical work would help to better understanding of the various properties of these nanostructures in order to realize their full potentials.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Voltammetric Study of the Copper Pentacyanonitrosylferrate Adsorbed on the Silica Modified with a Poly(propylene)imine Hexadecylamine Dendrimer for Determination of Nitrite (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Poly(propylene)imine hexadecylamine dendrimer (DAB-Am-16) was anchored on the surface of 3-chloropropylsilyl silica gel and subsequently interacted with copper nitroprusside. The composite was characterized by infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and cyclic voltammetry. The above techniques confirmed the successful anchoring of the dendrimer on the silica gel modified surface and its interaction with copper nitroprusside. The cyclic voltammogram of CuNPSD was found to exhibit two redox couples with (Eθ′)1 = 0.30 V and (Eθ′)2 = 0.78 V versus Ag/AgCl (KCl=1.0 mol L−1;
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ecofriendly Synthesis of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles: A Potential Candidate of SERS Studies (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: Ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles has been inspiring to nanotechnologists especially for biomedical applications. Moreover, anisotropic particle synthesis is an attractive option due to decreased symmetry of such particles often leads to new and unusual chemical and physical behaviour. This paper reports a single-step room-temperature synthesis of gold nanotriangles using a cheap bioresource of reducing and stabilizing agent Piper betle leaf extract. On treating aqueous chloroauric acid solution with Piper betle leaf extract, after 12 hr, complete reduction of the chloroaurate ions was observed leading to the formation of flat and single crystalline gold nanotriangles. These gold nanotriangles can be exploited in photonics, optical coating, optoelectronics, magnetism, catalysis, chemical sensing, and so forth, and are a potential candidate of SERS studies.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simple Ion Transfer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-26
    Description: The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Applications of Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Description: Ionic liquids (ILs) are salt that exist in the liquid phase at and around 298 K and are comprised of a bulky, asymmetric organic cation and the anion usually inorganic ion but some ILs also with organic anion. ILs have attracted much attention as a replacement for traditional organic solvents as they possess many attractive properties. Among these properties, intrinsic ion conductivity, low volatility, high chemical and thermal stability, low combustibility, and wide electrochemical windows are few. Due to negligible or nonzero volatility of these solvents, they are considered “greener” for the environment as they do not evaporate like volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ILs have been widely used in electrodeposition, electrosynthesis, electrocatalysis, electrochemical capacitor, lubricants, plasticizers, solvent, lithium batteries, solvents to manufacture nanomaterials, extraction, gas absorption agents, and so forth. Besides a brief discussion of the introduction, history, and properties of ILs the major purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview on the advantages of ILs for the synthesis of conducting polymer and nanoparticle when compared to conventional media and also to focus on the electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on IL/composite modified macrodisk electrodes. Subsequently, recent developments and major strategies for enhancing sensing performance are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modification of Nafion Membranes by IL-Cation Exchange: Chemical Surface, Electrical and Interfacial Study (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Description: Bulk and surface changes in two proton-exchange membranes (Nafion-112 and Nafion-117) as a result of the incorporation of the IL-cation n-dodecyltriethylammonium (or DTA+) by a proton/cation exchange mechanism after immersion in a DTA+ aqueous solution were analysed by impedance spectroscopy (IS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements performed with dry samples of the original Nafion and Nafion-DTA+-modified membranes. Only slight differences were obtained in the incorporation degree and surface chemical nature depending on the membrane thickness, and DTA+ incorporation modified both the hydrophobic character of the original Nafion membranes and their thermal stability. Electrical characterization of the dry Nafion-112 membrane was performed by impedance spectroscopy while different HCl solutions were used for membrane potential measurements. A study of time evolution of the impedance curves measured in the system “IL aqueous solution/Nafion-112 membrane/IL aqueous solution” was also performed. This study allows us monitoring the electrical changes associated to the IL-cation incorporation in both the membrane and the membrane/IL solution interface, and it provides supplementary information on the characteristic of the Nafion/DTA+ hybrid material. Moreover, the results also show the significant effect of water on the electrical resistance of the Nafion-112/IL-cation-modified membrane.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Correlation between Quantumchemically Calculated LUMO Energies and the Electrochemical Window of Ionic Liquids with Reduction-Resistant Anions (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Description: Quantum chemical calculations showed to be an excellent method to predict the electrochemical window of ionic liquids with reduction-resistant anions. A good correlation between the LUMO energy and the electrochemical window is observed. Surprisingly simple but very fast semiempirical calculations are in full record with density functional theory calculations and are a very attractive tool in the design and optimization of ionic liquids for specific purposes.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and New Horizons (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Utility of Activated Glassy Carbon and Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Fluids (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: This work compares voltammetric response of nalbuphine hydrochloride (NP·HCl) at both activated glassy carbon and pencil graphite electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation of the drug was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. For analytical purpose a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was established in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution of pH 6.00 using pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Using activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was obtained at pH 7.00 using the same buffer solution. According to the linear relationship between the peak current and NP·HCl concentration, DPV and SWV methods were developed for their quantitative determination in pharmaceutical and human biological fluids. The linear response was obtained in the range from to  mol L−1 using PGE and from to  mol L−1 using a GC electrode, respectively. Precision and accuracy of the developed method were checked by recovery studies.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Residues of Carbendazim Using a Fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion/Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-01
    Description: A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Nafion composite and applied to the determination of carbendazim, a fungicide. The voltammetric behavior of the analyte was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), on the bare GCE and on the same electrode coated by a thin film of the composite material. The electrode response was more than fourfold important on the modified electrode, due to electrical conductivity of fullerene and MWCNT and to favorable electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged Nafion and the protonated fungicide. A sensitive electroanalytical procedure based on Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) was then developed to detect the analyte. Under the optimum conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the peak current and the concentration of carbendazim, in the range from 2.0 × 10−8 mol/L to 3.5 × 10−7 mol/L, leading to a detection limit of 1.7 × 10−8 mol/L and to a quantification limit of 5.57 × 10−8 mol/L. The developed procedure was successfully applied to detect carbendazim upon adsorption by some ferritic soils.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theoretical and Experimental Study of Copper Electrodeposition in a Modified Hull Cell (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: The primary current distribution and the resistance of a modified Hull cell are calculated by using conformal mapping technique coupled with numerical evaluation of the resulting integral equations. An approximate analytical expression for the primary current distribution of a modified Hull cell is presented. The primary current distribution along the cathode surface is noticed varying in controlled manner as a function of position on the substrate. The current distributions (primary, secondary, and tertiary) in the cell have also been calculated at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) through numerical simulation by using finite element based software. The numerical simulation result of the primary current distribution is then compared with the analytical solution and a good match is found. Experimentally, single Cu metal electrodeposition is carried out at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) in a modified Hull. The current distribution (primary, secondary, and tertiary) results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results and a satisfactory match is found. Surface morphology of the Cu deposits is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium-Copper Nanoalloys with Improved Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: A facile solvothermal strategy is developed for the preparation of nanometer sized Pd-Cu alloy. We can control the morphology of these alloys with the use of ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of KOH. Namely, by increasing the concentration of KOH/EG, the Pd-Cu alloys with different morphologies from near-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) to nanorods and nanowire networks have been prepared. Among all these alloys, near-spherical Pd-Cu NPs-modified electrodes exhibit the highest catalytic activity (11.7 mA/cm2) and stability toward the electrooxidation of ethanol in comparison with commercial Pd/C-modified ones (2.1 mA/cm2).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrical Conductivity of Films Formed by Few-Layer Graphene Structures Obtained by Plasma-Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Current-voltage characteristics of few-layer graphene structures (FLGS) obtained by plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in Na2SO4 solution were measured. FLGS are shown to possess electronic conductivity, which indicates the predominant functionalization of the edges of graphene planes and the preservation of the structure of basal planes in obtained nanostructures as in the source graphite. The effect of humidity on the conductivity of FLGS films was studied. The resistance of films was found to increase with an increase in the relative humidity of the environment due to the shielding of FLGS flakes by a film of water. The effect of different solvents on the current-voltage characteristics of FLGS was analyzed. The conductivity of films significantly decreased in vapors of polar protic solvents, while there was a minor effect of nonpolar aprotic solvents on the conductivity of FLGS films.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Increased Cycling Performance of Li-Ion Batteries by Phosphoric Acid Modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes in the Presence of LiBOB (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), which has an operating voltage of 4.8 vs Li/Li+ and a theoretical capacity of 147 mAh g−1, is an interesting cathode material for advanced lithium ion batteries. However, electrolyte decomposition at the electrode can gradually decrease the capacity of the battery. In this study, the surface of the LNMO cathode has been modified with phosphoric acid (PA) to improve the capacity of the LNMO/graphite full cell. Modification of LNMO cathodes by PA is confirmed by surface analysis. Additionally, the presence of lithium bis-(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) as an electrolyte additive further enhances the performance of PA modified LNMO/graphite cells. The improved performance of PA modified cathodes and electrolytes containing LiBOB can be attributed to the suppressed Mn and Ni deposition on the anode. Elemental analysis suggests that the Mn and Ni dissolution is significantly reduced compared to unmodified LNMO/graphite cells with standard electrolyte.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ion Dynamics Study of Potato Starch + Sodium Salts Electrolyte System (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-12
    Description: The effect of different anions, namely, , , and , on the electrical properties of starch-based polymer electrolytes has been studied. Anion size and conductivity are having an inverse trend indicating systems to be predominantly anionic conductor. Impact of anion size and multiplet forming tendency is reflected in number of charge carriers and mobility, respectively. Ion dynamics study reveals the presence of different mechanisms in different frequency ranges. Interestingly, superlinear power law (SLPL) is found to be present at
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fast Switching Electrochromic Devices Containing Optimized BEMA/PEGMA Gel Polymer Electrolytes (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: An optimized thermoset gel polymer electrolyte based on Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate and Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (BEMA/PEGMA) was prepared by facile photo-induced free radical polymerisation technique and tested for the first time in electrochromic devices (ECD) combining WO3 sputtered on ITO as cathodes and V2O5 electrodeposited on ITO as anodes. The behaviour of the prepared ECD was investigated electrochemically and electro-optically. The ECD transmission spectrum was monitored in the visible and near-infrared region by varying applied potential. A switching time of ca. 2 s for Li+ insertion (coloring) and of ca. 1 s for Li+ de-insertion (bleaching) were found. UV-VIS spectroelectrochemical measurements evidenced a considerable contrast between bleached and colored state along with a good stability over repeated cycles. The reported electrochromic devices showed a considerable enhancement of switching time with respect to the previously reported polymeric ECD indicating that they are good candidates for the implementation of intelligent windows and smart displays.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrochemical Characterization of Platinum Nanotubules Made via Template Wetting Nanofabrication (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Description: Standard oxidation-reduction reactions such as those of ferrocyanide and ferrocene have long been employed in evaluating and comparing new electrode structures with more traditional configurations. A variety of nanostructured carbon electrodes developed in recent years have been reported to exhibit faster electron transfer kinetics than more traditional carbon structures when studied with these redox reactions. This type of comparison has not been widely explored for nanostructured platinum electrodes that have become increasingly common. In this work, a platinum nanotubule array electrode was fabricated via a simple template-based process and evaluated using the standard ferrocyanide redox reaction. The nanotubule array electrodes were observed to more closely approach ideal reversible behavior than a typical Pt black/Nafion fuel cell electrode or a standard polished Pt disc electrode. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer coefficient was determined using the Nicholson method and found to be one to two orders of magnitude greater for the nanotubule array electrodes, depending on the diameter of the nanotubules, in comparison with these same two more traditional electrode structures.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Corrosion Behaviour of WC-Co-Ru Alloys in Aggressive Chloride Media (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: Hardmetals possess excellent wear resistance, making them suitable alloys in several industrial applications. Mine waters with both dissolved chloride and sulphate salts can be severely corrosive and can limit the application of hardmetal tools in the mining industry. Ru additions to these alloys can refine and improve selected mechanical properties, but its influence on the corrosion resistance is unknown. A series of WC-Co-Ru alloys was evaluated in different chloride containing media to investigate their corrosion resistance. Standard electrochemical corrosion tests, chronoamperometric measurements, and surface analyses with Raman spectroscopy were conducted. An increasing amount of Ru improves the corrosion resistance of all the alloys. The effect is not as dramatic as that observed with stainless steels containing Ru in corrosive media. In both corrosive media Ru decreased the cathodic Tafel constant and has a retarding influence on the cathodic part of the corrosion reaction. Raman analyses indicated the presence of tungsten oxide, hydrated tungsten oxide compounds, and CoO and Co3O4 formed on the alloy surfaces during the corrosion process.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of Membraneless Sodium Perborate Fuel Cell for Media Flexible Power Generation (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-28
    Description: This paper reports the media flexibility of membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell (MLSPBFC) using acid/alkaline bipolar electrolyte in which the anode is in acidic media while the cathode is in alkaline media, or vice versa. Investigation of the cell operation is conducted by using formic acid as a fuel and sodium perborate as an oxidant for the first time under “acid-alkaline media” configurations. The MLSPBFC architecture enables interchangeable operation with different media combinations. The experimental results indicate that operating under “acid-alkaline media” conditions significantly improves the fuel cell performance compared with all-acidic and all-alkaline conditions. The effects of flow rates and the concentrations of various species at both the anode and cathode on the cell performance are also investigated. It has been demonstrated that the laminar flow based microfluidic membraneless fuel cell can reach a maximum power density of 28.2 mW cm−2 with a fuel mixture flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1 at room temperature.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Pd-Au Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Neutral pH (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-01
    Description: Pd-Au codeposits with different ratio of both metals were electrodeposited on carbon felt, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and investigated as electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction in neutral phosphate buffer solution. The quantities of the produced hydrogen gas with different electrocatalysts, estimated from data obtained by chronoamperometry, were confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. The highest hydrogen evolution rate was achieved with the electrocatalysts, produced from electrolyte with equal Pd and Au content.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effect of Low Cobalt Loading on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Water-Splitting (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: This work is intended to define a new possible methodology for the TiO2 doping through the use of an electrochemical deposition of cobalt directly on the titanium nanotubes obtained by a previous galvanostatic anodization treatment in an ethylene glycol solution. This method does not seem to cause any influence on the nanotube structure, showing final products with news and interesting features with respect to the unmodified sample. Together with an unmodified photoconversion efficiency under UV light, the cobalt doped specimen reports an increase of the electrocatalytic efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solvent Effects on the Electrochemical Behavior of TAPD-Based Redox-Responsive Probes for Cadmium(II) (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Two tetralkylated phenylenediamines (TAPD) 1 and 2 have been prepared by reductive alkylation of para-dimethylaminoaniline with furfural or thiophene 2-carboxaldehyde, respectively. Their chelation ability has been evaluated as electrochemical guest-responsive chemosensors for Cd(II) in acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), propylene carbonate (PC), and nitromethane (NM). The voltamperometric studies showed that these compounds are able to bind the Cd(II) cation with strong affinities except in DMF. The redox features of the chemosensors changed drastically when they are bounded to Cd(II) to undergo important anodic potential peak shifts comprised between ca. 500 and ca. 900 mV depending on the solvent. The addition of ∼4–10% molar triflic acid (TfOH) was found to be necessary to achieve rapidly the cation chelation which is slow without the acid. The electrochemical investigations suggested the formation of 1 : 2 stoichiometry complexes [Cd(L)2]2+. The results are discussed in terms of solvent effects as a competitive electron donating ligand to the cation. The reaction coupling efficiency (RCE) values were determined and were also found to be solvent-dependent.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Using Poly-L-Histidine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode to Trace Hydroquinone in the Sewage Water (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: A sensitive voltammetric method for trace measurements of hydroquinone in the sewage water is described. The poly-L-histidine is prepared to modify the glassy carbon electrode in order to improve the electrochemical catalysis of interesting substances such as hydroquinone. The influence of the base solution, pH value, and scanning speed on the tracing of hydroquinone is discussed, and the experimental procedures and conditions are optimized. The laboratory results show that it is possible to construct a linear calibration curve between the peak current of hydroquinone on modified electrode and its concentration at the level of 0.00001 mol/L. The potential limitation of the method is suggested by a linear peaking shift model as well. The method was successfully applied to the determination of hydroquinone in the actual sample of industrial waste water.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Selection of the Best Process Stream to Remove Ca2+ Ion Using Electrodialysis from Sugar Solution (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: Electrodialytic removal of calcium chloride (CaCl2, 25–50 mol·m−3) from 5% sugar solution was executed in batch recirculation mode. Calcium ion removal rate was monitored with (i) applied potential, (ii) feed flow rate, (iii) solution viscosity and conductivity, and (iv) catholyte streams (NaOH or sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-acetic acid, Na2EDTA-AA). Unsteady state model for ion concentration change was written for the ED cell used. Linearized Nernst-Planck equation instead of Ohm’s law was applied to closely obtain the current density and concentration change theoretically. The model developed could closely predict the experimental observation. Mass transfer coefficients and specific energy densities were estimated for each combination of catholyte stream used. NaOH showed better performance for a short duration over Na2EDTA-acetic acid combination.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Synthesis and Characterization of Electrodeposited C-PANI-Pd-Ni Composite Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-20
    Description: Electropolymerization of aniline at the graphite electrodes was achieved by potentiodynamic method. Electrodeposition of Pd (C-PANI-Pd) and Ni (C-PANI-Ni) and codeposition of Pd-Ni (C-PANI-Pd-Ni) microparticles into the polyaniline (PANI) film coated graphite (C-PANI) were carried out under galvanostatic control. The morphology and composition of the composite electrodes were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic activity of the electrode were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometric (CA) methods in acidic medium. The C-PANI-Pd-Ni electrode showed an improved catalytic performance towards methanol oxidation in terms of lower onset potential, higher anodic oxidation current, greater stability, lower activation energy, and lower charge transfer resistance. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity might be due to the greater permeability of C-PANI films for methanol molecules, better dispersion of Pd-Ni microparticles into the polymer matrixes, and the synergistic effects between the dispersed metal particles and their matrixes.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electroanalytical Methodology for the Direct Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Soil Samples Using a Graphite-Polyurethane Electrode (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-17
    Description: An electroanalytical methodology was developed for the direct determination of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using a graphite-polyurethane composite electrode and square wave voltammetry (SWV). 2,4-D exhibited one reduction peak with characteristics of an irreversible process at −0.54 V (versus Ag/AgCl), which is controlled by the diffusion of the reagent on the electrode surface. After the experimental parameters optimization (pH 2.0,  s−1,  V, and  V), analytical curves were constructed in the range of 0.66 mg L−1 to 2.62  mg L−1. Detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) limits were 17.6 g L−1 and 58.6 g L−1, respectively. The methodology was successfully applied to measure the percolation of the herbicide 2,4-D in undisturbed soil columns of different granulometric compositions.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Isomers of Poly Aminophenol: Chemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Corrosion Protection Aspect on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-18
    Description: The oxidative chemical polymerizations of three isomers of aminophenol, ortho, meta, and para (PoAP, PmAP, and PpAP), were performed in aqueous HCl using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant at 0–3°C. The synthesized polymers were characterized by employing elemental analysis, GPC, UV-VIS-NIR, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. The corrosion inhibition effect of these three polymers on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by using electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These measurements reveal that the inhibition efficiency obtained by these polymers increased by increasing their concentration. The inhibition efficiency follows the order PpAP 〉 PoAP 〉 PmAP. The results further revealed that PpAP at a concentration of 250 mg/L furnishes maximum inhibition efficiency (96.5%). Polarization studies indicated that these three polymers act as the mixed type corrosion inhibitors.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Preparation and Investigation of a Novel Organic Polymer Consisting of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxy as a Cathode Active Material in Li-Ion Batteries (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-29
    Description: In the present study, a novel organic polymer consisting of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl group as an electroactive center is employed by synthesizing it from a commercially ready polymer. An investigation on electrochemical and battery properties of this material as a cathode active material in different electrolyte salts was conducted. A coin cell shows a discharge capacity of 40 mAh g−1 at 1 C which is 76% of its theoretical capacity. It is observed that there is no significant decrease in capacity value even at 2 C and 5 C which indicates that it is applicable for the high-power applications. Besides, a good cycle stability is obtained with the organic radical battery.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Action of Chicory Fructooligosaccharides on Biomimetic Membranes (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-17
    Description: Fructooligosaccharides from chicory (FOSC) are functional prebiotic foods recognized to exert several well-being effects in human health and animal production, as decreasing blood lipids, modulating the gut immune system, enhancing mineral bioavailability, and inhibiting microbial growth, among others. Mechanisms of actions directly on cell metabolism and structure are however little known. In this sense this work was targeted to investigate the interaction of FOSC with biomimetic membranes (liposomes and supported bilayer membrane; s-BLM) through cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and microscopy. FOSC was able to disrupt the membrane structure of liposomes and s-BLM from the onset of molecular pores induced on it. The mechanism of interaction of fructans with biomimetic membranes suggests hydrogen bonding between the polyhydroxylated structure of the oligosaccharides and the negative polar group of L--phosphatidylcholine (PC) present in both liposomes and s-BLM.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Determination of Cysteine at Oxovanadium(IV) Salen Coated Electrodes (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-29
    Description: A transition metal complex, oxovanadium(IV) salen (where salen represents N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) is immobilized on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes and utilized for electrocatalytic oxidation of cysteine. In presence of oxovanadium(IV) salen, increased oxidation current is observed due to the effective oxidation of cysteine by the electrogenerated oxovanadium(V) salen species. The oxidation current linearly varies with the concentration of cysteine from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. The modified electrode has good sensitivity and low limit of detection. These properties make the oxovanadium(IV) salen as an effective electrocatalyst for the determination of cysteine.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electron Transfer of Myoglobin Immobilized in Au Electrodes Modified with a RAFT PMMA-Block-PDMAEMA Polymer (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-01
    Description: Myoglobin was immobilized with poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]PMMA-block-PDMAEMA polymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique (RAFT). Cyclic voltammograms gave direct and slow quasireversible heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics between Mb-PMMA-block-PDMAEMA modified electrode and the redox center of the protein. The values for electron rate constant () and transfer coefficient () were ·s−1 and , respectively. The reduction potential determined as a function of temperature (293–328 K) revealed a value of reaction center entropy of of  J·mol−1·K−1 and enthalpy change of  kJ·mol−1, suggesting solvent effects and charge ionization atmosphere involved in the reaction parallel to hydrophobic interactions with the copolymer. The immobilized protein also exhibits an electrocatalytical response to reduction of hydrogen peroxide, with an apparent Km of  μM. The overall results substantiate the design and use of RAFT polymers towards the development of third-generation biosensors.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Role of Indium Alloying with Lead as a Means to Reduce the Passivation Phenomena in Lead/Acid Batteries (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-24
    Description: The influence of indium content on the anodic behaviour of Pb-In alloys in 4 M H2SO4 solution is investigated by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, chronopotentiometric, and cyclic voltammetric techniques. The composition and microstructure of the corrosion layer on Pb-In alloys are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potentiodynamic and chronopotentiometric curves show that the anodic behavior of all investigated electrodes exhibits active/passive transition. The active dissolution (except for alloy I) and passive currents increase with increasing both In content and temperature. This indicates that the conductivity of the anodic film on Pb-In alloy is enhanced. This study exhibits that indium catalyses the oxidation of Pb (II) to Pb (IV) and facilitates the formation of a more highly conductive corrosion layer on lead. Alloy I (0.5% In) exhibits that the corrosion rate is lower, while the passive current is higher than that of Pb. XRD, EDX, and SEM results reveal that the formation of both PbSO4 and PbO on the surface decreases gradually with increasing In level in the alloy and completely disappear at higher In content (15% In). Therefore, recharge of the battery will be improved due to indium addition to Pb.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Exploration of Electrochemical Intermediates of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Simulation Studies with an Evaluation for Its Interaction with DNA (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-04
    Description: Electrochemical behavior of the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride was studied using cyclic voltammetry in aqueous medium using Hepes buffer (pH~7.4). At this pH, doxorubicin hydrochloride undergoes a reversible two-electron reduction with value − mV (versus Ag/AgCl, saturated KCl). Depending on scan rates, processes were either quasireversible (at low scan rates) or near perfect reversible (at high scan rates). This difference in behavior of doxorubicin hydrochloride with scan rate studied over the same potential range speaks of differences in electron transfer processes in doxorubicin hydrochloride. Attempt was made to identify and understand the species involved using simulation. The information obtained was used to study the interaction of doxorubicin hydrochloride with calf thymus DNA. Cathodic peak current gradually decreased as more calf thymus DNA was added. The decrease in cathodic peak current was used to estimate the interaction of the drug with calf thymus DNA. Nonlinear curve fit analysis was applied to evaluate the intrinsic binding constant and site size of interaction that was compared with previous results on doxorubicin hydrochloride-DNA interaction monitored by cyclic voltammetry or spectroscopic techniques.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Arc Thermal Spray NiCr20 Alloy Coating: Fabrication, Sealant, Heat Treatment, Wear, and Corrosion Resistances (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: This study presents the effect of heat treatment on porosity, phase composition, microhardness, and wear and corrosion resistances of the thermal sprayed NiCr20 coating after sealing with aluminum phosphate. The annealing temperatures were varied in a range of 400 to 1000°C. The obtained results indicated the porosity of coating decreased with increasing the annealing temperature. After treatment at temperatures in range of 800-1000°C, more than 90% of initial pores in the coating were successfully filled with the sealants. The XRD data revealed not only the formation of new phases of other compounds, but also the interaction between coating and sealant. After heat treatment, wear resistance of coating was 12 times higher than that without heat treatment. The corrosion test in H2SO4 solution indicated that the presence of sealant in coatings increased their corrosion resistance. From these findings, application of these NiCr20 coatings to protect steel against wear and corrosion appears very promising.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid in Clinical Serum Samples Using DMF Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) provide attractive opportunity for sensitive and selective determination target analytes in clinical samples. The aim of the current work was to develop SPCEs based sensor for the determination of uric acid in clinical serum samples. The electrodes were pretreated by soaking in N,N-dimethylformamide for 5 minutes followed by drying in an oven at 100°C for 20 mins. The effect of surface pretreatment was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The current response of uric acid detection was improved by a factor of 3.5 in differential pulse voltammetric measurement compared to unmodified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the sensor displayed two dynamic linear ranges 5-100 μM and 100-500 μM with correlation coefficient, R2, values of 0.98782 and 0.97876, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification calculated using the dynamic linear range 5-100 μM were 1.9 x 10−7 M and 6.33 x 10−7 M, respectively. The developed sensor displayed well separated and discerned peaks for UA in presence of the potential interferent (ascorbic acid and citric acid). The electrode was successfully applied for the detection of very low level of UA in clinical serum samples in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7). The proposed sensor showed a very high reproducibility and repeatability with the relative standard deviation of 0.9%. In conclusion, a simple and low cost sensor based on SPCEs is developed for sensitive and selective detection of uric acid in clinical samples.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of an In-Field Method for the Detection of Barium in Various Water Samples Using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: This work presents a reliable, cost-effective, rapid and in-field voltammetric method for the detection of barium. The optimized method consists of an ultrathin mercury film deposited in situ on a glassy carbon electrode in dilute potassium chloride without deoxygenation, using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV). Application of the method allowed for the quantitative determination of barium concentration in a variety of waters and brake pad dust samples. Comparative analysis of sample results from DP-ASV with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) showed a mean percent difference of 1.8%.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Electrochemical Variation of a Kind of Protein Staining and Food Dye as a New Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium (2019)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In this study, the relevance of a food dye, namely, Fast Green-FCF (FG-FCF), was surveyed as a new inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution. This effect was specified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), one of the most widely used measurement techniques. As a result of the increment of the inhibitor concentration, it was seen that the values ​​of polarization resistance increased and covered the metal surface of FG-FCF like a blanket. Tests endorse that the FG-FCF is chemically adsorbed on mild steel surface, according to the Langmuir isotherm. With surface characteristic analyses, such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), it was further determined that the metal surface in HCl of FG-FCF was protected. By applying the hydrogen gas evolution technique, FG-FCF has been proven to provide the lowest surface area with all inhibited solutions from the blank due to its strong adsorption to the metal surface. Finally, it has been clarified that FG-FCF can be practically used as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel with the supported results.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electrochemical Analysis of Ultrathin Polythiolsiloxane Films for Surface Biomodification (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The ability of different crosslinkers to crosslink nanometer thick films of the polymer poly(mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane (PMPMS), thus stabilizing these films on solid supports, was investigated. The four crosslinkers included 1,11-bismaleimidotriethyleneglycol (BM(PEG)3), tris-(2-maleimidoethyl)amine (TMEA), bismaleimidohexane (BMH), and 1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene) bismaleimide (BMDPM). PMPMS films treated with the four crosslinkers were compared in the effectiveness of achieved crosslinking, continuity and stability of the films to rearrangement at elevated temperatures, and modification with single-stranded DNA. The results of electrochemical analyses show that more hydrophilic crosslinkers had difficulty reacting fully with PMPMS thiols, even in these nanometer thin layers. This observation highlights the critical importance of selecting crosslinkers that are chemically compatible. Optimal selection of crosslinker yielded films in which the polymer film was largely incapable of rearranging, even at elevated temperatures, yielding reproducible and stable layers. These results validate use of these supports for applications such as monitoring thermal denaturation of immobilized DNA duplexes.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A New Approach for the Determination of Benzocaine and Procaine in Pharmaceuticals by Single-Sweep Polarography (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: A new polarographic method for the determination of benzocaine and procaine based on the polarographic reduction of their chemically obtained oxidation products with potassium peroxymonosulfate is developed. Experimental conditions affecting quantitative yield of benzocaine and procaine oxidation products such as рH, oxidation time, reagents’ concentration, and temperature are explored. It is shown that the reduction current changes in a linear fashion (R=0.999) with increasing concentration of anesthetics over a concentration range of 1·10−6 - 5·10−5 mol L−1. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) for benzocaine and procaine are found to be 5.6·10−6 and 6·10−6 mol L−1, respectively. In the present study, quantitative polarographic determination of benzocaine in Farisil tablets and “Septolete Plus” lozenges and procaine in solution for injections is performed. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with the product specifications described in the quality certificates. The possibility of quantitative determination of benzocaine and procaine in pharmaceuticals is confirmed.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Effect of Water on the Tin Electrodeposition from [Bmim]HSO4 Ionic Liquid (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The electrodeposition of tin from SnO in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) in the presence of water at different cathodic potential was investigated. With the addition of water to [Bmim]HSO4 ionic liquid, the electrochemical window of the electrolyte decreases and the reduction potential of Sn(II) positively shifts. The water content of ionic liquid electrolyte has a distinct effect on morphology of the deposits. As water content increased from 0 to 50% (v/v), the morphology of deposits varies from granular to hexagonal rod-like, then to hollow tubular, and finally to wire-like. The XRD phase analysis showed that both Sn and CuSn alloys were deposited in ionic liquid/water mixtures. However, in dried ionic liquids only Cu3Sn was obtained, surprisingly. The difference in the structure might be attributed to the various interactions of the ions with the Cu substrate. In addition, the deposition potential was found to play a significant role in the morphology of deposits.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of the Separator Thickness and Porosity on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In this paper, investigation on the effect of separator thickness and porosity on the performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are analyzed. In recent years there have been intensive efforts to improve the performance of the lithium-ion batteries. Separators are important component of lithium-ion batteries since they isolate the electrodes and prevent electrical short-circuits. Separators are also used as an electrolyte reservoir which is used as a medium for ions transfer during charge and discharge. Electrochemical performance of the batteries is highly dependent on the material, structure, and separators used. This paper compares the effects of material properties and the porosity of the separator on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Four different separators, polypropylene (PP) monolayer and polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) trilayer, with the thickness of 20 μm and 25 μm and porosities of 41%, 45%, 48%, and 50% were used for testing. It was found that PP separator with porosity of 41% and PP/PE/PP separator of 45% porosity perform better compared to other separators.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Progress in Preparation and Modification of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Cathode Material for High Energy Density Li-Ion Batteries (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Due to the advantages of high specific capacity, various temperatures, and low cost, layered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 has become one of the potential cathode materials for lithium-ion battery. However, its application was limited by the high cation mixing degree and poor electric conductivity. In this paper, the influences of synthesis methods and modification such surface coating and doping materials on the electrochemical properties such as capacity, cycle stability, rate capability, and impedance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials are reviewed and discussed. The confronting issues of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials have been pointed out, and the future development of its application is also prospected.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Online Monitoring of Copper Damascene Electroplating Bath by Voltammetry: Selection of Variables for Multiblock and Hierarchical Chemometric Analysis of Voltammetric Data (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017
    Description: The Real Time Analyzer (RTA) utilizing DC- and AC-voltammetric techniques is an in situ, online monitoring system that provides a complete chemical analysis of different electrochemical deposition solutions. The RTA employs multivariate calibration when predicting concentration parameters from a multivariate data set. Although the hierarchical and multiblock Principal Component Regression- (PCR-) and Partial Least Squares- (PLS-) based methods can handle data sets even when the number of variables significantly exceeds the number of samples, it can be advantageous to reduce the number of variables to obtain improvement of the model predictions and better interpretation. This presentation focuses on the introduction of a multistep, rigorous method of data-selection-based Least Squares Regression, Simple Modeling of Class Analogy modeling power, and, as a novel application in electroanalysis, Uninformative Variable Elimination by PLS and by PCR, Variable Importance in the Projection coupled with PLS, Interval PLS, Interval PCR, and Moving Window PLS. Selection criteria of the optimum decomposition technique for the specific data are also demonstrated. The chief goal of this paper is to introduce to the community of electroanalytical chemists numerous variable selection methods which are well established in spectroscopy and can be successfully applied to voltammetric data analysis.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Removal of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn Present in Aqueous Solution Using Coupled Electrocoagulation-Phytoremediation Treatment (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017
    Description: This study presents the results of a coupled electrocoagulation-phytoremediation treatment for the reduction of copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc, present in aqueous solution. The electrocoagulation was carried out in a batch reactor using aluminum electrodes in parallel arrangement; the optimal conditions were current density of 8 mA/cm2 and operating time of 180 minutes. For phytoremediation the macrophytes, Typha latifolia L., were used during seven days of treatment. The results indicated that the coupled treatment reduced metal concentrations by 99.2% Cu, 81.3% Cd, and 99.4% Pb, while Zn increased due to the natural concentrations of the plant used.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Erosion-Corrosion on AISI 4330 Steel in Saline-Sand Multiphase Flow by Electrochemical and Gravimetric Techniques (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: The synergistic effects of fluid flow, sand particles, and solution pH on erosion-corrosion of AISI 4330 steel alloy in saline-sand medium were studied through a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) system by weight-loss and electrochemical measurements. The worn surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that, under all the test conditions assessed, the passivity of the steel alloy could not be maintained; as a result, an activation mechanism dominates the corrosion process of steel alloy. Furthermore, the potentiodynamic curves show that, with the increasing of the electrode flow rate and particle size, the anodic current density increased, which is due to deterioration of the electrode by the impacting slurry. Although the increase of particle size affects the anodic current density, the effect of particle size does not cause a significant change in the polarization behavior of the steel electrode. The electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic curves suggest that erosion-corrosion phenomenon of the ASISI 4330 steel is under mixed control of mass transport and charge transfer. The inductive loops formed in the impedance plots are representative of an increase in roughness of the electrode caused by the particles impacting at the surface. The change in the passivity of the steel alloy as the pH is altered plays an important role in the corrosion rate.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of Thallium(I) by Hybrid Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15) Modified Electrode (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: Chemically modified mesoporous silica material (SBA-15) was used for the construction of Tl(I) selective carbon paste electrode. The best response was found with the electrode containing 10% modifier as electrode material. The electrode has a lower detection limit of 6.0 × 10−9 M in a working concentration range of 1.0 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−1 M. The selectivity coefficient calculated by match potential method (MPM) shows the high selectivity of electrode towards Tl(I) over other tested ions. The electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the titration of 0.01 M TlNO3 solution with standards EDTA solution and for sequential titration of mixture of different anions.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electroanalytical Performance of a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by Coffee Husks for the Quantification of Acetaminophen in Quality Control of Commercialized Pharmaceutical Tablets (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen (APAP) was successfully performed using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with coffee husks (CH-CPE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were, respectively, used for the morphological and elemental characterization of coffee husks prior to their utilization. The electrochemical oxidation of APAP was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). SWV technique appeared to be more sensitive since the oxidation current of APAP was twofold higher with the CH-CPE sensor than with the bare CPE, in relation to the increase in the organophilic character of the electrode surface. Furthermore, on CH-CPE, the current response of APAP varied linearly with its concentration in the range of 6.6 μM to 0.5 mM, leading to a detection limit of 0.66 μM (). Finally, the proposed CH-CPE sensor was successfully used to determine the amount of APAP in commercialized tablets (Doliprane® 500 and Doliprane 1000), with a recovery rate ranging from 98% to 103%. This novel sensor opens the way for the development of low-cost and reliable devices for the electroanalysis of pharmaceutical formulations in developing countries.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium-Copper Nanoalloys with Improved Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: A facile solvothermal strategy is developed for the preparation of nanometer sized Pd-Cu alloy. We can control the morphology of these alloys with the use of ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of KOH. Namely, by increasing the concentration of KOH/EG, the Pd-Cu alloys with different morphologies from near-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) to nanorods and nanowire networks have been prepared. Among all these alloys, near-spherical Pd-Cu NPs-modified electrodes exhibit the highest catalytic activity (11.7 mA/cm2) and stability toward the electrooxidation of ethanol in comparison with commercial Pd/C-modified ones (2.1 mA/cm2).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Zn Electrodeposition on Single-Crystal GaN(0001) Surface: Nucleation and Growth Mechanism (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: The electrochemical deposition of zinc on single-crystal -type GaN(0001) from a sulphate solution has been investigated on the basis of electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and Tafel plot. The morphology and crystal structure of zinc deposits have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The result has revealed that the deposition of Zn on GaN electrode commenced at a potential of −1.12 V versus Ag/AgCl. According to the Tafel plot, an exchange current density of ~0.132 mA cm−2 was calculated. In addition, the current transient measurements have shown that Zn deposition process followed the instantaneous nucleation in 10 mM ZnSO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 + 0.5 M H3BO3 (pH = 4).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theoretical and Experimental Study of Copper Electrodeposition in a Modified Hull Cell (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: The primary current distribution and the resistance of a modified Hull cell are calculated by using conformal mapping technique coupled with numerical evaluation of the resulting integral equations. An approximate analytical expression for the primary current distribution of a modified Hull cell is presented. The primary current distribution along the cathode surface is noticed varying in controlled manner as a function of position on the substrate. The current distributions (primary, secondary, and tertiary) in the cell have also been calculated at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) through numerical simulation by using finite element based software. The numerical simulation result of the primary current distribution is then compared with the analytical solution and a good match is found. Experimentally, single Cu metal electrodeposition is carried out at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) in a modified Hull. The current distribution (primary, secondary, and tertiary) results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results and a satisfactory match is found. Surface morphology of the Cu deposits is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Residues of Carbendazim Using a Fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion/Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Nafion composite and applied to the determination of carbendazim, a fungicide. The voltammetric behavior of the analyte was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), on the bare GCE and on the same electrode coated by a thin film of the composite material. The electrode response was more than fourfold important on the modified electrode, due to electrical conductivity of fullerene and MWCNT and to favorable electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged Nafion and the protonated fungicide. A sensitive electroanalytical procedure based on Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) was then developed to detect the analyte. Under the optimum conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the peak current and the concentration of carbendazim, in the range from 2.0 × 10−8 mol/L to 3.5 × 10−7 mol/L, leading to a detection limit of 1.7 × 10−8 mol/L and to a quantification limit of 5.57 × 10−8 mol/L. The developed procedure was successfully applied to detect carbendazim upon adsorption by some ferritic soils.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Carbon Nanoelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Carbon-based electrodes have been developed for the detection of neurotransmitters over the past 30 years using voltammetry and amperometry. The traditional electrode for neurotransmitter detection is the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME). The carbon-based electrode is suitable for in vivo neurotransmitter detection due to the fact that it is biocompatible and relatively small in surface area. The advent of nanoscale electrodes is in high demand due to smaller surface areas required to target specific brain regions that are also minimally invasive and cause relatively low tissue damage when implanted into living organisms. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, carbon nanospikes, and carbon nanopetals among others have all been utilized for this purpose. Novel electrode materials have also required novel insulations such as glass, epoxy, and polyimide coated fused silica capillaries for their construction and usage. Recent research developments have yielded a wide array of carbon nanoelectrodes with superior properties and performances in comparison to traditional electrode materials. These electrodes have thoroughly enhanced neurotransmitter detection allowing for the sensing of biological compounds at lower limits of detection, fast temporal resolution, and without surface fouling. This will allow for greater understanding of several neurological disease states based on the detection of neurotransmitters.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Synthesis and Electrocatalytical Application of Hybrid Pd/Metal Oxides/MWCNTs (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The performance of Pd electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation was improved by application of metal oxide-multiwall carbon nanotubes composites as a catalyst support. Hybrid oxides/MWCNTs were synthesized by two different methods: chemical reduction method and impregnation method. Pd based catalysts were synthesized by polyol method on the MWCNTs or oxide/MWCNTs composites. The In2O3 was deposited on MWCNTs by impregnation method (In2O3/MWCNTs-IM support) and in the presence of NaBH4 (In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4 support). The physical properties of the Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-IM, Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4, Pd/SnO2/MWCNTs, and Pd/MWCNTs catalysts were characterized and their electrocatalytical performance in formic acid oxidation was compared. During Pd deposition on In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4 support, InPd2 structure was formed as observed by XRD. The electrochemical tests indicate that the two Pd/ In2O3/MWCNTs electrocatalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity than those of Pd/SnO2/MWCNTs and Pd/MWCNTs. The best performance was observed for the catalyst obtained by In2O3 impregnation of MWCNTs denoted by Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-IM.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oxygen-Containing Nanoclusters on the Surface of Pt-Electrodes and Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Analysis of the role of oxygen-containing nanoclusters in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt-electrodes in alkaline media is provided on the basis of the concept of electrochemical processes with slowed stage of consecutive heterogeneous chemical reaction (ConHCR). Under the ConHCR concept, the main factor determining the ORR characteristics is energetic inhomogeneity of electrode surface (EIES) according to Temkin. A new concept, according to which EIES is determined by the Gibbs energy of formation of oxygen-containing surface structures with inclusions of surface defects of the platinum crystal structure, , is formulated. A correlation between the level of EIES of Pt-electrodes and packing density of atoms on the surface of Pt(hkl) monocrystals is determined. The concept, according to which the stationary potential of ORR process is considered as a “mixed potential” of two reactions (electrochemical reduction of surface atom and consecutive oxidation of by molecular oxygen), is substantiated. It is proposed that the formation of surface nanocluster transition state [⁎(OO)(OH)] defines the rate of the entire ORR process on Pt-electrodes in alkaline media.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance of Novel Randomly Oriented High Graphene Carbon in Lithium Ion Capacitors (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The structure of carbon material comprising the anode is the key to the performance of a lithium ion capacitor. In addition to determining the capacity, the structure of the carbon material also determines the diffusion rate of the lithium ion into the anode which in turn controls power density which is vital in high rate applications. This paper covers details of systematic investigation of the performance of a structurally novel carbon, called Randomly Oriented High Graphene (ROHG) carbon, and graphite in a high rate application device, that is, lithium ion capacitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that ROHG is less resistive and has faster lithium ion diffusion rates (393.7 × 10−3 S·s(1/2)) compared to graphite (338.1 × 10−3 S·s(1/2)). The impedance spectroscopy data is supported by the cell data showing that the ROHG carbon based device has energy density of 22.8 Wh/l with a power density of 4349.3 W/l, whereas baseline graphite based device has energy density of 5 Wh/l and power density of 4243.3 W/l. This data clearly shows advantage of the randomly oriented graphene platelet structure of ROHG in lithium ion capacitor performance.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Protection of Steel Rebar in Salt-Contaminated Cement Mortar Using Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Epoxy reinforced with two kinds of nanoparticles dealing with nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 was coated on steel rebar embedded in a chloride contaminated cement mortar. NaCl was added to the fresh Portland cement paste (at 0.3% and 0.5% by weight of cement) to simulate the chloride contamination at the critical level. The effect of incorporating nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated steel rebar was investigated by linear potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For the 0.3 wt.% chloride mortars, the electrochemical monitoring of the coated steel rebars during immersion for 56 days in 0.1 M NaOH solutions suggested the beneficial role of nano-Fe2O3 particles in significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated rebar. After 56 days of immersion, the nano-Fe2O3 reduced the corrosion current of epoxy-coated rebar by a factor of 7.9. When the chloride concentration in the cement mortar was 0.5 wt.%, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix did not enhance the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating for the rebar. At this critical level, chloride ions initiated rebar corrosion through nanoparticles at the epoxy/rebar interface.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The voltammetric response of platinum metal oxides is discussed with respect to novel pH sensors combining both miniaturization and stability. For practical applications in solutions of any kind, for example, in tap water and in domestic sewage, various interferences must be considered, such as chloride and reducing agents. This work clarifies the voltammetric behavior of RuO2 electrodes in solutions of different pH values and ionic strengths.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Redox Chemistry of Ruthenium Dioxide: A Cyclic Voltammetry Study—Review and Revision (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: By cyclic voltammetry at high scan rates, the electrochemical properties of RuO2 in acidic and alkaline solutions were investigated in detail. Thirteen current peaks can be distinguished in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. With respect to the pH sensitivity of RuO2 electrodes, we considered charge calculations, peak currents, and apparent diffusion coefficients. The nature of the Ru(II) oxidation was clarified by Ru(I)−Ru(III) species.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Palladium Crystals Enclosed by (100) Facets by Seed-Mediated Fabrication (2018)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Pd crystals enclosed by (100) facets were prepared in an aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent at 30, 40, and 50°C by a modified seed-mediated fabrication technique. Regardless of the reaction temperature, the absorption peak between 300 and 400 nm assigned to decreased with an increase in the reaction time after the addition of ascorbic acid in the aqueous solution containing CTAB because of Pd deposition. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Pd crystals were enclosed by only (100) facets, and their fractions depended on the reaction temperature. The ratios of the peak current at 0.54 and 0.48 V were 0.60, 0.54, and 0.47 for the samples prepared at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively, suggesting that the proportion of the (100) facet on the Pd surface was higher at lower temperatures.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reduction of the Electrode Overpotential of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Electrode Surface Modification (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017
    Description: Metal–air batteries exhibit high potential for grid-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density, their abundance in the earth’s crust, and their low cost. In these batteries, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs on the air electrode during charging. This study proposes a method for improving the OER electrode performance. The method involves sequentially depositing a Ni underlayer, Sn whiskers, and a Ni protection layer on the metal mesh. Small and uniform gas bubbles form on the Ni/Sn/Ni mesh, leading to low overpotential and a decrease in the overall resistance of the OER electrode. The results of a simulated life cycle test indicate that the Ni/Sn/Ni mesh has a life cycle longer than 1,300 cycles when it is used as the OER electrode in 6 M KOH.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermodynamics of Lithium Intercalation in Randomly Oriented High Graphene Carbon (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017
    Description: This paper covers details of systematic investigation of the thermodynamics (entropy and enthalpy) of intercalation associated with lithium ion in a structurally novel carbon, called Randomly Oriented High Graphene (ROHG) carbon and graphite. Equilibrated OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) versus temperature relationship is investigated to determine the thermodynamic changes with the lithium intercalation. ROHG carbon shows entropy of 9.36 J·mol−1·K−1 and shows no dependency on the inserted lithium concentration. Graphite shows initial entropy of 84.27 J·mol−1·K−1 and shows a strong dependence on lithium concentration. ROHG carbon (from −90.85 kJ mol−1 to −2.88 kJ mol−1) shows gradual change in the slope of enthalpy versus lithium ion concentration plot compared to graphite (−48.98 kJ mol−1 to 1.84 kJ mol−1). The study clearly shows that a lower amount of energy is required for the lithium ion intercalation into the ROHG structure compared to graphite structure. Randomly oriented graphene platelet cluster structure of ROHG carbon makes it easier for the intercalation or deintercalation of lithium ion. The ease of intercalation and the small cluster structure of ROHG as opposed to the long linear platelet structure of graphite lead to higher rates of the charge-discharge process for ROHG, when used as an electrode material in electrochemical applications.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Status of Biomass Derived Carbon Materials for Supercapacitor Application (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017
    Description: Environmental concerns and energy security uncertainties associated with fossil fuels have driven the world to shift to renewable energy sources. However, most renewable energy sources with exception of hydropower are intermittent in nature and thus need storage systems. Amongst various storage systems, supercapacitors are the promising candidates for energy storage not only in renewable energies but also in hybrid vehicles and portable devices due to their high power density. Supercapacitor electrodes are almost invariably made of carbon derived from biomass. Several reviews had been focused on general carbon materials for supercapacitor electrode. This review is focused on understanding the extent to which different types of biomasses have been used as porous carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes. It also details hydrothermal microwave assisted, ionothermal, and molten salts carbonization as techniques of synthesizing activated carbon from biomasses as well as their characteristics and their impacts on electrochemical performance.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dealloying Behavior of NiCo and NiCoCu Thin Films (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: Porous metals and alloys, such as those fabricated via electrochemical dealloying, are of interest for a variety of energy applications, ranging from their potential for enhanced catalytic behavior to their use as high surface area supports for pseudocapacitor materials. Here, the electrochemical dealloying process was explored for electrodeposited binary NiCo and ternary NiCoCu thin films. For each of the four different metal ratios, films were dealloyed using linear sweep voltammetry to various potentials in order to gain insight into the evolution of the film over the course of the linear sweep. Electrochemical capacitance, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to examine the structure and composition of each sample before and after linear sweep voltammetry was performed. For NiCo films, dealloying resulted in almost no change in composition but did result in an increased capacitance, with greater increases occurring at higher linear sweep potentials, indicating the removal of material from the films. Dealloying also resulted in the appearance of large pores on the surface of the high nickel percentage NiCo films, while low nickel percentage NiCo films had little observable change in morphology. For NiCoCu films, Cu was almost completely removed at linear sweep potentials greater than 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl. The linear sweep removed large Cu-rich dendrites from the films, while also causing increases in measured capacitance.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nanoscaled Electrocatalytic Optically Modulated ZnO Nanoparticles through Green Process of Punica granatum L. and Their Antibacterial Activities (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: Most recently, green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles has become an interesting subject of the nanoscience and nanotechnology. The use of plant systems has been deemed a green route and a dependable method for nanoparticle biosynthesis, owing to its environmental friendly nature. The present work demonstrates the bioreductive green synthesis of nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO) using peel extracts of pomegranate. Highly crystalline ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) which are 5 nm in particle size were characterised by HRTEM and XRD. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of the biomolecules and formation of plant protein-coated ZnO NPs and also the pure ZnO NPs. Electrochemical investigation revealed the redox properties and the conductivity of the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The optical band gap of ZnO NPs was calculated to be 3.48 eV which indicates that ZnO NPs can be used in metal oxide semiconductor-based devices. Further, the nanomaterials were also found to be good inhibitors of bacterial strains at both low and high concentrations of 5–10 mg mL−1.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Factors Affecting Corrosion in Gulf of Finland Brackish Water (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: The Baltic Sea is a relatively shallow inland sea surrounded by the countries of North-Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The brackish water in the Baltic Sea has low salt concentration and it is typically one-sixth of the ocean seawater. The “nominal” amount of dissolved solids, upon which formulae for artificial seawater are based, is about 34,500 ppm, of which most is sodium chloride. The major constituents are those whose concentrations are greater than 1 mg/L and are not greatly affected by biological processes. The ratio of concentrations of these ions and molecules to each other is relatively constant. Corrosion rates were determined in long-term tests in Gulf of Finland brackish water off Helsinki. The water temperature varies through the year from about 0°C in January to 15-16°C in June to August. Salinity is 4–6, highest at the end of summer and lowest when ice melts. pH is between 7.0 and 8.1. Weight loss tests from one- to four-year tests for steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, zinc, and galvanized steel are reported and compared to short term laboratory tests in artificial seawater. Tests for passivation rates and crevice corrosion for stainless steel are discussed in terms of environment variation. The effect of corrosion on strength of steel is also discussed.
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cyclic Voltammetric Study of High Speed Silver Electrodeposition and Dissolution in Low Cyanide Solutions (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: The electrochemical processes in solutions with a much lower amount of free cyanide (
    Print ISSN: 2090-3529
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-3537
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...