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  • Articles  (11,583)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (11,583)
  • Hindawi  (7,335)
  • Institute of Physics  (4,186)
  • MDPI  (62)
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  • 2015-2019  (7,521)
  • 2005-2009  (4,062)
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  • 2015  (7,521)
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  • Mathematics  (11,583)
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  • Articles  (11,583)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (11,583)
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  • 2015-2019  (7,521)
  • 2005-2009  (4,062)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
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  • 1
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    Properties of Stark Resonant States in Exactly Solvable Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: Properties of Stark resonant states are studied in two exactly solvable systems. These resonances are shown to form a biorthogonal system with respect to a pairing defined by a contour integral that selects states with outgoing wave boundary conditions. Analytic expressions are derived for the pseudonorm, dipole moment, and coupling matrix elements which relate systems with different strengths of the external field. All results are based on explicit calculations made possible by a newly designed integration method for combinations of Airy functions representing resonant eigenstates. Generalizations for one-dimensional systems with short-range potentials are presented, and relations are identified which are likely to hold in systems with three spatial dimensions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    A Mathematical Method for Eliminating Spin Losses in Toroidal Traction Drives (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: The efficiency of the original Toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) is limited due to the spin losses caused by the different speed distribution in the contact area. To overcome this drawback, this paper replaces the original working surface with a new surface derived from a differential equation and proposes a novel Logarithmic CVT. Equations and ranges of the transmission ratio range, half-cone-angle, and conformity ratio, which are essential geometrical parameters of the Logarithmic CVT, are derived. A set of geometrical parameters is further recommended. With such geometrical parameters, the transmission ratio range of the Logarithmic CVT is as wide as that of the Half-Toroidal CVT. The two types of CVTs are compared with each other in terms of efficiency based on a widely accepted computational model. The results show that efficiency of the Logarithmic CVT is higher than that of Half-Toroidal CVT except for some particular situations because of the thrust bearing losses.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Markerless Augmented Reality via Stereo Video See-Through Head-Mounted Display Device (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: Conventionally, the camera localization for augmented reality (AR) relies on detecting a known pattern within the captured images. In this study, a markerless AR scheme has been designed based on a Stereo Video See-Through Head-Mounted Display (HMD) device. The proposed markerless AR scheme can be utilized for medical applications such as training, telementoring, or preoperative explanation. Firstly, a virtual model for AR visualization is aligned to the target in physical space by an improved Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based surface registration algorithm, with the target surface structure reconstructed by a stereo camera pair; then, a markerless AR camera localization method is designed based on the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracking algorithm and the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) correction algorithm. Our AR camera localization method is shown to be better than the traditional marker-based and sensor-based AR environment. The demonstration system was evaluated with a plastic dummy head and the display result is satisfactory for a multiple-view observation.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Canards Existence in FitzHugh-Nagumo and Hodgkin-Huxley Neuronal Models (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: In a previous paper we have proposed a new method for proving the existence of “canard solutions” for three- and four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems with only one fast variable which improves the methods used until now. The aim of this work is to extend this method to the case of four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems with two slow and two fast variables. This method enables stating a unique generic condition for the existence of “canard solutions” for such four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems which is based on the stability of folded singularities (pseudo singular points in this case) of the normalized slow dynamics deduced from a well-known property of linear algebra. This unique generic condition is identical to that provided in previous works. Application of this method to the famous coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo equations and to the Hodgkin-Huxley model enables showing the existence of “canard solutions” in such systems.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Bilevel Programming Model of Private Capital Investment in Urban Public Transportation: Case Study of Jinan City (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: Increasing public transportation subsidies have created fiscal pressures for governments. To ease this financial pressure, Chinese government strongly encourages private capital investment in public transportation. However, previous private capital investments in public transportation operations have largely failed, mainly due to low ticket fares that cannot support sustainable operations. To address this issue, several previous research projects have developed methods to facilitate private capital investment. The majority of the research focuses on qualitative analysis and value for money analysis. Our research proposed a new method of private capital investment in public transportation operations based on the concept of “passenger value.” The feasibility of the proposed method of private investment was analyzed quantitatively by constructing a bilevel programming model. The model was verified based on a sample analysis of Jinan city traffic. Results showed that effective private capital investment increases the total societal benefit from the public transportation system and additionally that the investment method considering “passenger value” is superior to the traditional one. A quantitative tool was provided by the model to evaluate private capital investment effects, design investment policies, and develop further research.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Discrete-Time Orthogonal Spline Collocation Method for One-Dimensional Sine-Gordon Equation (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: We present a discrete-time orthogonal spline collocation scheme for the one-dimensional sine-Gordon equation. This scheme uses Hermite basis functions to approximate the solution throughout the spatial domain on each time level. The convergence rate with order in norm and stability of the scheme are proved. Numerical results are presented and compared with analytical solutions to confirm the accuracy of the presented scheme.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Image Denoising via Gradient Minimization with Effective Fidelity Term (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: The gradient minimization (LGM) method has been proposed for image smoothing very recently. As an improvement of the total variation (TV) model which employs the norm of the gradient, the LGM model yields much better results for the piecewise constant image. However, just as the TV model, the LGM model also suffers, even more seriously, from the staircasing effect and the inefficiency in preserving the texture in image. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to introduce an effective fidelity term into the LGM model. The fidelity term is an exemplar of the moving least square method using steering kernel. Under this framework, these two methods benefit from each other and can produce better results. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is promising as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 8
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    A Novel Model on Curve Fitting and Particle Swarm Optimization for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: The vertical handover mechanism is an essential issue in the heterogeneous wireless environments where selection of an efficient network that provides seamless connectivity involves complex scenarios. This study uses two modules that utilize the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to predict and make an intelligent vertical handover decision. In this paper, we predict the received signal strength indicator parameter using the curve fitting based particle swarm optimization (CF-PSO) and the RBF neural networks. The results of the proposed methodology compare the predictive capabilities in terms of coefficient determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE) based on the validation dataset. The results show that the effect of the model based on the CF-PSO is better than that of the model based on the RBF neural network in predicting the received signal strength indicator situation. In addition, we present a novel network selection algorithm to select the best candidate access point among the various access technologies based on the PSO. Simulation results indicate that using CF-PSO algorithm can decrease the number of unnecessary handovers and prevent the “Ping-Pong” effect. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the multiobjective particle swarm optimization based method finds an optimal network selection in a heterogeneous wireless environment.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 9
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    Alternative Tuples Based Probabilistic Skyline Query Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: As uncertainty is the inherent character of sensing data, the processing and optimization techniques for Probabilistic Skyline (PS) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are investigated. It can be proved that PS is not decomposable after analyzing its properties, so in-network aggregation techniques cannot be used directly to improve the performance. In this paper, an efficient algorithm, called Distributed Processing of Probabilistic Skyline (DPPS) query in WSNs, is proposed. The algorithm divides the sensing data into candidate data (CD), irrelevant data (ID), and relevant data (RD). The ID in each sensor node can be filtered directly to reduce data transmissions cost, since, only according to both CD and RD, PS result can be correctly obtained on the base station. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce data transmissions by filtering the unnecessary data and greatly prolong the lifetime of WSNs.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 10
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    Integral inequalities in domains of hyperbolic type and their applications (2015)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Print ISSN: 1064-5616
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-4802
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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