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  • Other Sources  (12)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (12)
  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance  (7)
  • Aerodynamics  (5)
  • Astronomy
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939  (12)
  • 1910-1914
  • 1938  (12)
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  • Other Sources  (12)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (12)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939  (12)
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  • 1
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation of an N.A.C.A. 23012 Airfoil with a Slotted Flap and Three Types of Auxiliary Flap (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: An investigation was made in the N.A.C.A. 7- by 10- foot wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic section characteristics of an N. A. C. A. 23012 airfoil with a single main slotted flap equipped successively with auxiliary flaps of the plain, split, and slotted types. A test installation mas used in which an airfoil of 7-foot span was mounted vertically between the upper and the lower sides of the closed test section so that two-dimensional flow was approximated. On the basis of maximum lift coefficient, low drag at moderate and high lift coefficients, and high drag at high lift coefficients, the optimum combination of the arrangements was found to be the double slotted flap . All the auxiliary flaps tested, however, increased the magnitudes of the pitching moments over those of the main slotted flap alone.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-97
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Preliminary Fatigue Studies on Aluminum Alloy Aircraft Girders (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Preliminary information on the complex subject of the fatigue strength of fabricated structural members for aircraft is presented in the test results obtained on several different types of airship girders subjected to axial tension and compression in a resonance fatigue machine. A description of this machine as well as numerous photographs of the fatigue failures are given. There is also presented an extended bibliography on the subject of fatigue strength.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-TN-637
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The Effect of Surface Irregularities on Wing Drag (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests have been made in the N.A.C.A. 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel of the drag caused by roughness on the surface of an airfoil of N.A.C.A. 23012 section and 5-foot chord. The tests were made at speeds from 80 t o 500 miles per hour at lift coefficients from 0 to 0.30. For conditions corresponding to high-speed flight, the increase in the drag was 30 percent of the profile drag of the smooth airfoil for the roughness produced by spray painting and 63 percent for the roughness produced. by 0.0037-inch carborundum grains. About one-half the drag increase was caused by the roughness on the forward one-fourth of the airfoil. Sandpapering the painted surface with No. 400 sandpaper made it sufficiently smooth that the drag was no greater than when the surface was polished. In the lower part of the range investigated the drag due to roughness increased rapidly with Reynolds Number.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-78
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The Effect of Surface Irregularities on Wing Drag. II - Lap Joints (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests have been made in the NACA 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel of the drag caused by four types of lap joint. The tests were made on an airfoil of NACA 23012 section and 5-foot chord and covered in a range of speeds from 80 to 500 miles per hour and lift coefficients from 0 to 0.30. The increases in profile drag caused by representative arrangements of laps varied from 4 to 9%. When there were protruding rivet heads on the surface, the addition of laps increased the drag only slightly. Laps on the forward part of a wing increased the drag considerably more than those farther back.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-77
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The Effect of Surface Irregularities on Wing Drag. IV - Manufacturing Irregularities (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests were made in the NACA 8-foot high speed wind tunnel of a metal-covered, riveted, 'service' wing of average workmanship to determine the aerodynamic effects of the manufacturing irregularities incident to shop fabrication. The wing was of 5-foot chord and of NACA 23012 section and was tested in the low-lift range at speeds from 90 to 450 miles per hour corresponding to Reynolds numbers from 4,000,000 to 18,000,000. At a cruising condition the drag of the service wing was 46% higher than the drag of a smooth airfoil, whereas the drag of an accurately constructed airfoil having the same arrangement of 3/32-inch brazier-head rivets and lap joints showed a 29% increase. The difference, or 17% of the smooth-wing drag, is apparently the drag caused by the manufacturing irregularities: sheet waviness, departures from true profile, and imperfect laps. the service wing, for one condition at least, showed a drag increase due to compressibility at a lower air speed than did the more accurate airfoil.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-79
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    The Effect of Surface Irregularities on Wing Drag. I. Rivets and Spot Welds (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests have been conducted in the NACA 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel to determine the effect of exposed rivet heads and spot welds on wing drag. Most of the tests were made with an airfoil of 5-foot chord. The air speed was varied from 80 to 500 miles per hour and the lift coefficient from 0 to 0.30. The increases in the drag of the 5-foot airfoil varied from 6%, due to countersunk rivets, to 27%, due to 3/32-inch brazier-head rivets, with the rivets in a representative arrangement. The drag increases caused by protruding rivet heads were roughly proportional to the height of the heads. With the front row of rivets well forward, changes in spanwise pitch had negligible effects on drag unless the pitch was more than 2.5% of the chord. Data are presented for evaluating the drag reduction attained by removing rivets from the forward part of the wing surface; for example, it is shown that over 70% of the rivet drag is caused by the rivets on the forward 30% of the airfoil in a typical case.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-76
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Preliminary Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Wing Ducts for Radiators, Special Report (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Wing ducts for liquid-cooled engine radiators have been investigated in the N.A.C.A. full-scale wind tunnel on a large model airplane. Th e tests were made to determine the relative merits of several types of duct and radiator installations for an airplane of a particular des ign. In the test program the principal duct dimensions were system atically varied, and the results are therefore somewhat applicable to the general problems of wing duct design, although they should be co nsidered as preliminary and only indicative of the inherent possibil ities.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-88
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Air Inlet and Outlet Openings for Aircraft, Special Report (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation was made in the NACA 5-foot vertical wind tunnel of a large variety of duct inlets and outlets to obtain information relative to their design for the cooling or the ventilation systems on aircraft. Most of the tests were of openings in a flat plate but, in order to determine the best locations and the effects of interference, a few tests were made of openings in an airfoil. The best inlet location for a system not including a blower was found to be at the forward stagnation point; for one including a blower, the best location was found to be in the region of lowest total head, probably in the boundary layer near the trailing edge. Design recommendations are given, and it is shown that correct design demands a knowledge of the external flow and of the internal requirements in addition to that obtained from the results of the wind tunnel tests.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-95
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Wing Cooling Ducts, Special Report (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The systematic investigation of wing cooling ducts at the NACA laboratory has been continued with tests in the full-scale wind tunnel on ducts of finite span. These results extend the previous investigation on section characteristics of ducts to higher Reynolds numbers and indicate the losses due to the duct ends. The data include comparisons between ducts completely within the ring and the conventional underslung ducts. Methods of flow regulation were studied and data were obtained for a wide range of internal duct resistance. The results show satisfactory correlation between the finite span and the previously measured section characteristics obtained with full-span ducts. The effects of the various design parameters on the duct characteristics are discussed. The cooling power required for the internal duct installation is shown to be only a small percentage of the engine power.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-94
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Investigation in the 7-By-10 Foot Wind Tunnel of Ducts for Cooling Radiators Within an Airplane Wing, Special Report (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation was made in the NACA 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel of a large-chord wing model with a duct to house a simulated radiator suitable for a liquid-cooled engine. The duct was expanded to reduce the radiator losses, and the installation of the duct and radiator was made entirely within the wing to reduce form and interference drag. The tests were made using a two-dimensional flow set-up with a full-span duct and radiator. Section aerodynamic characteristics of the basic airfoil are given and also curves showing the characteristics of the various duct-radiator combinations. An expression for efficiency, the primary criterion of merit of any duct, and the effect of the several design parameters of the duct-radiator arrangement are discussed. The problem of throttling is considered and a discussion of the power required for cooling is included. It was found that radiators could be mounted in the wing and efficiently pass enough air for cooling with duct outlets located at any point from 0.25c to 0.70c from the wing leading edge on the upper surface. The duct-inlet position was found to be critical and, for maximum efficiency, had to be at the stagnation point of the airfoil and to change with flight attitude. The flow could be efficiently throttled only by a simultaneous variation of duct inlet and outlet sizes and of inlet position. It was desirable to round both inlet and outlet lips. With certain arrangements of duct, the power required for cooling at high speed was a very low percentage of the engine power.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-93
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    The Torsional and Bending Deflection of Full-Scale Duralumin Propeller Blades under Normal Operating Conditions, Special Report (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The torsional deflection of the blades of three full-scale duralumin propellers operating under various loading conditions was measured by a light-beam method. Angular bending deflections were also obtained as an incidental part of the study. The deflection measurements showed that the usual present-day type of propeller blades twisted but a negligible amount under ordinary flight conditions. A maximum deflection of about 1/10th of a degree was found at V/nD of 0.3 and a smaller deflection at higher values of V/nD for the station at 0.70 radius. These deflections are much smaller than would be expected from earlier tests, but the light-beam method is considered to be much more accurate than the direct-reading transit method used in the previous tests.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-84
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    N.A.C.A. Stall-Warning Device (1938)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: With some airplanes the approach to the stall is accompanied by changes in the behavior, such as tail buffeting or changes in the control characteristics of the airplane so that the pilot obtains a warning of the impending stall. Vith other airplanes it is possible to approach the stall without any perceptible warning other than the reading of the air-speed meter, in which case the danger of inadvertent stalling is considerably greater. Although it is not within the scope of this paper to discuss stalling characteristics, it is desired to point out that in general the danger of inadvertent stalling is greatest with those airplanes that behave worse when the stalling occurs; that is, with airplanes in which the stall starts at the wing tips. A warning of the impending stall is desirable in any case, but is particularly desirable with airplanes of the latter type.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-SR-80
    Format: application/pdf
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