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  • Articles  (831,084)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (831,084)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (361,788)
  • Economics  (292,975)
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  • Articles  (831,084)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Importance of Industrial Policy in Quality-Ladder Growth Models (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of macroeconomics 8.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0486
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We extend the class of quality-ladder growth models (Grossman and Helpman, 1991, Segerstrom, 1998 and others), to encompass an economy with asymmetric fundamentals. In contrast to the standard framework, in our model industries may differ in terms of their innovative potential (quality jumps and arrival rates) and consumers' preferences. This extension allows us to bring industrial policy back into the realm of the growth policy debate. We first show that it is always possible to raise the long-run growth rate and the social welfare of the economy through a costless tax/subsidy scheme reallocating resources towards the relatively more promising industries. We then prove that, in certain economies, even a mere profit taxation policy increases economic growth and social welfare above the laissez-faire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejm/vol8/iss1/art1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of Tony Fitzpatrick, New Theories of Welfare (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art16
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is Basic Income Viable? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The debate about Basic Income (BI) has hitherto been preoccupied with questions of desirability. To correct this imbalance and to throw light on the problems of winning political support for BI, this article considers whether BI is viable. At this stage, the exercise is necessarily speculative, but can be useful as long as care is taken to specify institutional arrangements and to take into account the way social agents are likely to respond to the introduction of BI. Accordingly, I develop a theoretical model of the interaction between tax-transfer policy and economic performance to explore the options facing the citizens of an imaginary state, who are contemplating radical reform but espouse divergent moral values. Initially, to fix ideas, I assume that their options are independent of the prevailing normative climate. In the end, however, I show that this assumption is untenable, and I draw conclusions for BI as a political project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Republican Right to Basic Income? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art10
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Republicanism? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art12
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    List of Contributors (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WACC or APV? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Miller and Modigliani's seminal papers (1958, 1963) gave rise to two alternative methodologies for project and firm valuations: the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Adjusted Present Value (APV). As is often the case of many larger firms in industrialized economies, whenever a target debt ratio is set up for the long term, WACC might be a good approximation. However, APV has certain advantages making it more convenient for smaller companies with unstable debt ratios, in countries with complex tax legislation and in emerging markets where high economic uncertainty makes the leveraging decision much more opportunistic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art1
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for a Unit Root in the Net Discount Rate: A Survey of the Empirical Results (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study provides a survey of the empirical results associated with testing for a unit root in the net discount rate. As suggested by the literature, the use of the historical average of the net discount rate in the calculation of the present value of lost future earnings is valid if the net discount rate follows a mean reverting, stationary process. However, if the net discount rate follows a mean averting, non-stationary process forensic economists should perhaps use the current value of the net discount rate in such calculations. A majority of the studies surveyed indicate that the net discount rate experienced a structural break in the late 1970s-early 1980s. In general, if the net discount rate is stationary as a result of a structural break, forensic economists should use the average net discount rate over the post-break period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk-Adjusted Performance as a Rigorous Approach to Removing Subjectivity from Expert Assessments of Suitability (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A broker has an obligation to ensure that his client incorporates suitable assets into his portfolio. Greater objectivity can be brought to assessments of suitability by comparing the performance of the aggrieved investor's portfolio to a benchmark portfolio using the Modigliani & Modigliani risk-adjusted performance measure. The applicable counterfactual benchmark could be either a ``market" portfolio or a suitable alternative portfolio. The calculation of confidence intervals associated with the measured difference in risk-adjusted returns is demonstrated. Castaneda-like standards can be used as criteria for whether defendant's actions negatively impacted portfolio performance rather than outside events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art3
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Privatization and Financial Performance: Can Value Be Created by Privatizing State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) Region? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 3.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study investigates the impact of privatization on value creation in State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A multi-case study approach, using quantitative and qualitative data, is used to rectify the findings of prior SOE privatization research by taking a finer-grained analysis into the conditions that determine post-privatization performance. This study addresses the research question, "What is the effect of privatization in terms of value creation for State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region?" Value creation is measured in terms of profitability, operating efficiency, capital expenditures, and leverage. Using quantitative performance metrics to assess value creation, we also use qualitative data to show that post-privatization value creation depends on specific strategic initiatives as well as government policy toward competition. Our overall conclusion is that privatizing SOEs can be beneficial in the MENA region but must coincide with strong government reform policies, and certain financial and managerial strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol3/iss1/art1
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of Guy Standing and Michael Samson, A Basic Income Grant for South Africa (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art15
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Income and Economic Integration (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article addresses some of the issues raised for the Basic Income (BI) principle by global economic integration; especially the argument that a new model of reciprocity between affluent and developing economies does not require, and might be undermined by, this approach. In that view, complementarity between an Anglophone version of capitalism and an Asian model of human development can supply a more reliable route to eliminating world poverty and advancing global well-being.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art7
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Income and the Republican Ideal: Rethinking Material Independence in Contemporary Societies (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art9
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Content (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art1
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From the Editors (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art2
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Argument against Arguments for Enhancement (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: The treatment-enhancement distinction is difficult to make, and defenders of enhancement often base their case on that. Critics of enhancement, however, often have prototypical cases of enhancement-oriented interventions in mind, and the ethics of these can be evaluated on a case by case basis. Things like intelligence enhancement may have adverse effects on equality and utility. If the equality and utility effects of such enhancements were sufficiently severe, then restrictions would be called for. We need to think more about how to make tradeoffs between liberty, equality, and utility--and we need to know more about the extent to which each of these is at stake--before reaching conclusions about the ethics of, and appropriate social policy regarding, human enhancement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art12
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preserving Humanity - and Technology? A Response to de Grey (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Aubrey de Grey's enthusiasm may or may not be infectious, but it is certainly palpable. And it adds a dimension to the discussion the priority that should be given to life-extension/anti-ageing research of which he seems to be unaware. For on the cusp of developments in emerging technologies we find ourselves button-holed by enthusiasts whose ``transhumanist" visions importunately press upon us the most radical understanding of their implications. My suspicion is that the transhumanist mini-insurgency is partly responsible for the general failure of the policy establishment to summon up the courage and vision to address the implications of emerging technologies at all. The insurgents' effort at ``branding" these technologies as transhumanist (like that of the Raelian flying-saucer cult, a decade ago, to claim cloning as their own) does no favors to the technology. The irony is that de Grey and his fellow-visionaries, far from generating consensus enthusiasm for emerging technology applications, are making them too hot to handle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art11
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Navigating the Jungle of Valuing Complex Capital Structures in Privately Held Companies: An Integrative Simulation Approach (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the FASB's emphasis on fair value, valuation of privately held companies' capital structures has taken on additional emphasis. Each methodology proposed in the AICPA's Practice Aid "Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation" can result in suboptimal valuations when valuing complex capital structures. We discuss valuation of such capital structures and offer a workable, integrated simulation methodology combining the strengths of the probability-weighted expected return method with those of the option-pricing method. We demonstrate the methodology using transformed real-world data resulting in a flexible methodology that can be expanded to accommodate various aspects of complex capital structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art5
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Enhancement and Procreative Autonomy (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Liberal eugenics according to one version is distinguished from authoritarian eugenics on the basis that the choice of enhancement is devolved to parents. The argument for liberal eugenics combines a commitment to the right of parents to autonomy - in reproductive decisions and in the upbringing of children - and a parity claim that there is no morally significant difference between ante-natal and post-natal alterations of a child. The article reviews the putative constraints on parental choice, and assesses some criticisms of the parity claim. It concludes that a liberal commitment to social justice is in tension with a liberal commitment to parental choice, but judges that the former commitment does not entail the authoritarian eugenics which is represented as the alternative to liberal eugenics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art9
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leveraging Green Power: Environmental Rules for Project Finance (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Environmental policies of providers of international finance - namely the World Bank, export credit agencies, and Equator Principles banks - provide interesting cases within which to study the power of business not as only an input to the political process or as a constraint on politics, but also as a conduit for both state and non-state actors.This paper shows how targeting financial actors has allowed NGOs to transform their rather weak discursive power base into instrumental power over business actors in other sectors. NGOs have channeled their power through states, consumers, and financial institutions; this has allowed them to augment discursive power over their targets with additional indirect, yet more immediate, forms of structural and instrumental power. As a consequence of both direct and indirect NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies. This article posits a theoretical explanation of the underspecified power relationships in NGO strategies that allow NGOs to exploit weak links in commodity chains for their campaigns.This paper argues that financial institutions wield considerable structural power through their ability to control access to finance. It is particularly this power base which has made them prime targets for NGOs campaigning for the greening of infrastructure development projects. As a consequence of NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies which in turn have provided the World Bank and Equator banks with additional sources of discursive power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol9/iss3/art3
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Power of Socialization: Engaging the Diamond Industry in the Kimberley Process (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Research on conflict in resource-rich countries suggests that resource extraction companies contribute to tension but not development. In recent times, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have flourished, in which set up regulation is not against business but in joint cooperation with corporate actors. Yet PPPs are criticized for serving business self-interest and increasing business power rather than the common good. The paper takes the Kimberley Process and the diamond industry as an example to examine the multi-faceted nature of business power when this PPP was negotiated. The core of the argument is that realist-informed perspectives about business power in PPPs and constructivist accounts emphasizing socialization and social learning processes only tell one part of the story. While demonstrating that the diamond industry acted as a both a socializing and socialized agent, the analysis of the different facets of power shows that structural and discursive power were crucial elements in making socialization happen in the first place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol9/iss3/art2
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Power of Transnational Private Governance: Financialization and the IASB (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This investigation of accounting standard setting as a case of business power in global governance links together three facets of power. First we examine the discursive power of international accounting standards in the ongoing process of financialization, which we break into two dynamics centered on profit and control. We argue that the selection of accounting paradigms does not concern measurement accuracy but is rather a choice of perspectives between finance and production when presenting economic reality as numbers. Drawing on evidence from the contestation between Rhenish capitalism and the financial perspective, we then explain why, despite the overwhelming structural power of finance, instrumental power exercised in political lobbying over accounting standards can still have considerable success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol9/iss3/art4
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflict and Production: An Application to Natural Resources (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: I present a Stackelberg model of conflict, in which contestants have limited endowments to be put in two separate sectors, thus incorporating salient features of many conflicts. The model is applied to the case of conflict over natural resources. Consistent with amounting empirical evidence regarding a so-called "resource curse," I find that the relation between conflict intensity and resource rents is non-monotonous, and that the economy's income growth rate may be negatively affected by resource abundance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/vol8/iss1/art2
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Network Effects and Complex Network Structure (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of theoretical economics 7.2008, 1, art46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0478
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a model of local network effects in which agents connected in a social network each value the adoption of a product by a heterogeneous subset of other agents in their neighborhood, and have incomplete information about the structure and strength of adoption complementarities between all other agents. I show that the symmetric Bayes-Nash equilibria of this network game are in monotone strategies, can be strictly Pareto-ranked based on a scalar neighbor-adoption probability value, and that the greatest such equilibrium is uniquely coalition-proof. Each Bayes-Nash equilibrium has a corresponding fulfilled-expectations equilibrium under which agents form local adoption expectations. Examples illustrate cases in which the social network is an instance of a Poisson random graph, when it is a complete graph, a standard model of network effects, and when it is a generalized random graph. A generating function describing the structure of networks of adopting agents is characterized as a function of the Bayes-Nash equilibrium they play, and empirical implications of this characterization are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejte/vol7/iss1/art46
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disciplinary Biases in Approaching African Development (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper tries to individuate various actual and potential aspects of an anthropological analysis of development, aiming to draw a comprehensive picture. A number of background questions encourage this attempt. Is development a form of engagement with the great questions of poverty, hunger and oppression in Africa? What is the relationship between development and politics? What is that between development and technical expertise? Why should African people articulate their political aspirations in the language of development, while Europeans or Americans have at their disposal a political language? Section one considers the general representation of Africa as transmitted by social and economical indicators. It underlines some dissatisfaction with the process of reducing the social and economic reality to a set of data. It also considers the material and cultural implications lying behind technocratic attitudes, suggesting that they should be the object of anthropological analysis. The limits of data reductionism make clearer the advantages of an anthropological perspective on the topic of development, which is too often considered in a technical dimension, ultimately discarding human agency. In turn, however, a deeper understanding of the geo-political and historical context of development intervention is very much needed in order to enrich anthropological approaches, which run the risk of being excessively narrow and self-reflective. Reviewing a number of works in the field of development and anthropology, section two tries to find out the main limitations of such literature, and calling for a broader understanding. Finally, section three considers more ambitious approaches, such as Ferguson's ``anti-politics machine". In particular, this part puts an emphasis on the de-politicizing effect of technocratic development interventions. It also underlines the problems arising from a Foucauldian view of institutions being produced by discourses. The conclusion will summarise the tools needed by an anthropological perspective on development, trying to find a balance between the representation of human agency and the understanding of the deeper hegemonic structures characterising development intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/gj/vol7/iss3/art6
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One Country, Two Systems, and Three Memberships: Legal and Economic Integration between China and its Two SARs (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines legal and economic integration between China and its two Special Administrative Regions, namely, Hong Kong and Macau. Two dimensions are dealt with in this paper: the constitutional/national framework and the WTO/CEPA framework. In the constitutional/national framework, this paper examines the interaction between People's Supreme Court and the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong and Macau. It analyzes the horizontal and vertical interaction between courts in China and in the Special Administrative Regions, focusing mainly on three issues: the Standing Committee/CFA, exclusive/residual competence, and the competition of jurisdiction. In the WTO/CEPA framework, this paper presents the legal bases and accession histories of these three memberships in the WTO, and examines their trade policies and practices both in the GATT and the WTO. Emphasis is placed on how and why Hong Kong, China and Macau, China enjoy full memberships in the WTO as China does. This paper finally explores the dispute settlement mechanism provided in the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements between China and its two SARs, and examines the possibility for these three members to avail themselves of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper finds that the legal and economic integration between China and its two SARs offers much both to comparative lawyers and international trade lawyers: the vast diversity of legal culture in these three areas yields an unprecedented conflict and combination, while the interaction between China and its two separate customs territories, Hong Kong, China and Macau, China, in the international trading regime, presents a new landscape in the WTO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Basic Income for Housing? Simulating a Universal Housing Transfer in the Netherlands and Sweden (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The gradualist approach towards an unconditional basic income for all involves the introduction or extension of universal benefits in place of current income-tested ones. Such a policy shift might cause higher fiscal costs or adverse distributional effects, at least in the short run. However, this need not always be the case. Using the tax-benefit model EUROMOD, the article simulates the introduction of a universal housing transfer - that is flat rate, tenure neutral and budget neutral - in place of mortgage interest tax relief and housing benefits in the Netherlands and Sweden. As it turns out, the regressive effect of mortgage interest tax relief thwarts the progressive effect of housing benefits. In view of that, replacing both by the universal housing transfer (equivalent to a partial basic income for housing) would enhance tax progressivity and reduce income inequality at no extra fiscal cost. Policy implications and possible objections are discussed in the concluding section.
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    The Republican Case for Basic Income: A Plea for Difficulty (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    In Support of Human Enhancement (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art10 
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    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This short comment presents arguments in support of human enhancement.What is enhancement? Surely it is a procedure that improves our functioning: any intervention which increases our general capabilities for human flourishing. We exclude from consideration those procedures often termed ``enhancements" that are of dubious overall benefit (for example breast or penis augmentation, or the taking of anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass). Equally we are not talking of ``designer" modifications which are more akin to aesthetic or fashion preferences than to improvements: hair colour, eye colour, or physique. An enhancement (as we are using the term) is something of benefit to the individual.
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    The Economics of Workaholism: We Should Not Have Worked on This Paper (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art3 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A large literature examines the addictive properties of such behaviors as smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling and eating. We argue that for some people addictive behavior may apply to a much more central aspect of economic life: working. Although workaholism raises some of the same health-related concerns as other addictions, compared to most of the more familiar addictions it is more likely to be a problem of higher-income individuals and is more likely to generate negative spillovers onto individuals around the workaholic. Using the Retirement History Survey and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that high-income, highly educated people exhibit behavior that is consistent with workaholism with regard to retiring-they are more likely to postpone earlier plans for retirement. The theory and evidence suggest that the presence of workaholism calls for a more progressive income tax system than otherwise, although other more targeted policies may be part of optimal policy.
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    The Shape of Demand: What Does It Tell Us about Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Antidepressants? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art4 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of the debate surrounding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals centers on whether DTCA conveys useful information to consumers or indiscriminately increases requests for the advertised medication. By identifying how DTCA changes the shape of the demand curve for antidepressants, we seek to infer the promotional objectives of manufacturers. Using data from the 1996-2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we find that advertising shifts the demand curve for antidepressants outward and rotates it counter-clockwise. DTCA increases the probability that an individual will initiate use of antidepressants, particularly when out-of-pocket medication costs are low, but does not necessarily increase utilization levels among those already taking antidepressants. This is consistent with a promotional campaign that seeks to alert consumers to the product's existence, but conveys no real information that would allow them to learn their true match with the product.
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    Incompatibility, Product Attributes and Consumer Welfare: Evidence from ATMs (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Incompatibility in markets with network effects reduces consumers' ability to "mix and match" components offered by different sellers, but can also spur changes in product attributes that might benefit consumers. In this paper, we estimate the effects of incompatibility on consumers in a classic hardware/software market: ATM cards and machines. We find that ATM fees ceteris paribus reduce the network benefit from other banks' ATMs. However, a surge in ATM deployment accompanies the shift to surcharging. Even under conservative assumptions regarding how much of the surge is directly attributable to surcharging, greater deployment often completely offsets the harm from higher fees. The results suggest that policy discussions of incompatibility must consider not only its direct effect on consumers, but also its effect on product attributes.
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    How Did SCHIP Affect the Insurance Coverage of Immigrant Children? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art3 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) significantly expanded public insurance eligibility and coverage for children in ``working poor" families. Despite this success, it is estimated that over 6 million children who are eligible for public insurance remain uninsured. An important first step for designing strategies to increase enrollment of eligible but uninsured children is to determine how the take-up of public coverage varies within the population. Because of their low rates of insurance coverage and unique enrollment barriers, children of immigrants are an especially important group to consider. We compare the effect of SCHIP eligibility on the insurance coverage of children of foreign-born and native-born parents. In contrast to research on the earlier Medicaid expansions, we find similar take-up rates for the two groups. This suggests that state outreach strategies were not only effective at increasing take-up overall, but were successful in reducing disparities in access to coverage.
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    The Effect of the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1985 on Health Care Utilization of Employment Separators (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art2 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the effect of COBRA on health care utilization among a sample of individuals who experience employment separation. The empirical specification employs a structural simultaneous equations model of insurance choice and utilization that is estimated by Maximum Simulated Likelihood. Results indicate that employment separators who elect COBRA appear to consume more health care compared to individuals who become temporarily uninsured. In addition, results do not indicate adverse selection into COBRA. Although COBRA enrollees consume more health care than temporary insurance losers, election appears to exhibit favorable selection with respect to physician utilization.
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    Did `Targets and Terror' Reduce Waiting Times in England for Hospital Care? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art5 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Waiting times have been a central concern in the English NHS, where care is provided free at the point of delivery and is rationed by waiting time. Pro-market reforms introduced in the NHS in the 1990s were not accompanied by large drops in waiting times. As a result, the English government in 2000 adopted the use of an aggressive policy of targets coupled with the publication of waiting times data at the hospital level and strong sanctions for poor performing hospital managers. This regime has been dubbed `targets and terror'. We estimate the effect of the English target regime for waiting times for hospital care after 2001 by a comparative analysis with Scotland, a neighbouring country with the same healthcare system that did not adopt the target regime. We estimate difference-in-differences models of the proportion of people on the waiting list who waited over 6, 9 and 12 months. Comparisons between England and Scotland are sensitive to whether published or unpublished data are used but, regardless of the data source, the 'targets and terror' regime in England lowered the proportion of people waiting for elective treatment relative to Scotland.
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    Property and Republican Freedom: An Institutional Approach to Basic Income (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art11 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    Review of Harvey and Boyle (eds.), Basic Income Guarantees and the Right to Work (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art14 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    Review of Erik Olin Wright (ed.), Redesigning Distribution (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art17 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    Generous Funding for Interventive Aging Research Now? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art13 
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    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This article examines Aubrey de Grey's case for allocating substantial funding to interventive biogerontological research immediately. The conclusion is that the case is inconclusive and that scientific analyses of costs and probabilities would be needed to defend it properly.
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    The Power of Business (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art1 
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    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The introduction to the special issue develops a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for assessing business power in global governance. It is shown that power is said to have shifted from the world of states to the world of business. However, in order to evaluate such a claim first a differentiation of power in its instrumental, structural, and discursive facets is necessary. It is furthermore explained that the strength of such a three-dimensional assessment is that it combines different levels of analysis and considers actor-specific and structural dimensions and their material and ideational sources. Following a short introduction to the more empirical articles is provided summarizing their commonalities and differences.
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    On the Effect of Risk Aversion in Two-Person, Two-State Finance Economies (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of theoretical economics 7.2008, 1, art47 
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    ISSN: 1555-0478
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The effect of replacing an agent in a two-person two-state finance economy by a more risk averse agent is studied. It is established under which conditions the other agent benefits or looses in equilibrium from dealing with a more risk averse agent. If one agent becomes more risk averse, then the equilibrium allocation moves towards that agent's certainty line. Whether or not that is beneficial for the other agent depends on the location of the endowment point.
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    Reforming Tax Incentives Into Uniform Refundable Tax Credits (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art8 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Each year the US federal individual income tax delivers over $500 billion worth of tax incentives intended to encourage socially beneficial activities. Currently the vast majority operate through deductions or exclusions, which link the size of the subsidy to the taxpayer's marginal tax bracket. This article argues that uniform refundable credits are a more efficient approach for tax incentives intended to correct for positive externalities, absent evidence that positive externalities exist or that externalities or elasticities associated with the subsidized activity vary by income class. Moreover, some type of refundable credit should almost always be the most efficient subsidy even if externalities or elasticities rise with income. Their efficiency benefits are further magnified by their tendency to automatically smooth household income and macroeconomic demand. This article thus proposes a dramatic change in how the government provides tax incentives for socially valued activities: the default for all such tax incentives should be a uniform refundable tax credit.
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    Anthroposophical Reflections on Basic Income (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art6 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the 1930s Danish author and painter Johannes Hohlenberg (1881-1960) published several essays in defense of an unconditional income for all. These original writings, strongly influenced by Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophy, are not widely known. This article makes two of Hohlenberg's essays on this topic available in English translation for the first time. The first part of this article introduces Hohlenberg's ideas, followed in section two by English translations of the two Hohlenberg essays: Samfundsarven (The Heritage of Society) (1934) and Dersom nogen ikke vil arbejde, så skal han heller ikke have føden (He who Does not Work, Neither Shall He Eat) (1937).
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    Macroeconomic Activity and the Compensation of Health Care Workers (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art2 
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    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper identifies the responses of measures of health care workers' relative compensation to unexpected changes in several macroeconomic variables. The results provide time series information about the relative compensation of workers in the health care sector of the economy. The findings will be valuable to those engaged in economic loss analysis, business valuations and assessments, and related research that often requires industry-specific knowledge about business conditions, trends in cost factors, and the overall economic environment. Moreover, the results should be important to health care managers and administrators who must plan for labor market changes following macroeconomic events.
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    Recoverable Damages for Wrongful Death in the States: A Decennial View (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 3.2008, 1, art2 
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    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: State statutory law concerning recoverable damages for wrongful death is comprehensively surveyed and categorized, as in Schap and Valvo (1997). Various kinds of awards, limitations, and procedures are presented in tabular form. Suitable coding within the table highlights statutory changes since the previous published survey. The table should both facilitate comparative institutional analysis by researchers and provide an informational base for practitioners.
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    The Other Side of the Coin: Conceptualizing the Relationship between Business and the State in the Age of Globalisation (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The concluding article to the special issue critically reflects on arguments and analysis presented in the preceding articles. It argues that globalisation, new forms of private authority and the increased power of transnational business have not generally weakened the state, but rather advanced a business-oriented transformation of statehood. To understand this transformation the article first provides a very short overview of the state-globalisation debate. Subsequently, it deals more explicitly with the state theoretical debate. In particular, it brings together neo-Marxist and post-Weberian conceptualisations in order to address both the social nature of the state and the particular forms and processes by which it is interactively embedded in the economy and society. After an outline of the transformation of statehood and the strategic options for non-state actors, the article concludes with some critical remarks on the future of democratic politics.
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    Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Changes across Cohorts in Britain (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art9 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to analyze intergenerational earnings mobility in Britain for cohorts of sons born between 1950 and 1972. Since there are no British surveys with information on both sons' and their fathers' earnings covering the above period, we consider two separate samples from the British Household Panel Survey. We combine information from the two samples using the two-sample two-stage least squares estimator described by Arellano and Meghir (1992). Our main result shows that intergenerational earnings mobility was stable for the cohorts born between 1950 and 1960 and decreased statistically significantly among more recent cohorts, those born during 1961-1972.
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    Children of the Post-Communist Transition: Age at the Time of the Parents' Job Loss and Dropping Out of Secondary School (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using data on children whose parents lost their jobs during the post-communist transition of Hungary, we address the causal effect of unexpected long-term unemployment of parents on their children's educational achievement. We estimate the effect of the children's age at the time of their parents' job loss on their probability of dropping out of secondary school (an event that follows the parents' job loss by many years). The treatment is an additional year reared in a family with regularly employed parents, which can be interpreted as additional human capital investment. We provide bounding estimates to the causal effect. The estimated bounds are tight, they show a substantial effect, and the effect is significantly stronger for preschool age children than for older ones.
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    Sequential Patterns of Drug Use Initiation - Can We Believe In the Gateway Theory? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The gateway, or stepping stone, hypothesis is important as it has had considerable influence on drug policy and legislation in many countries. The gateway hypothesis offers one possible explanation for young people's development of serious drug problems. It simply states that the use of one drug increases the risk of starting to consume another, possibly more harmful, drug later on and that the risk increases with frequency of use (dose-response). The empirical basis for the hypothesis is the common finding that most heavy drug users have started with less dangerous drugs first and that there seems to be a "staircase" from alcohol and solvents via cannabis and tablets to amphetamine, cocaine and heroin. The core question is whether the sequential initiation pattern of drug use is best explained by the gateway hypothesis or whether the phenomenon is better understood by employing the concepts of accessibility and/or transition proneness? Based on unique data from a representative sample of 21-30 year olds in Oslo we have examined the gateway effect of both legal (alcohol) and illegal drugs (cannabis) on subsequent use of cannabis and hard drugs (amphetamine and cocaine). We are the first to use multivariate probit models to examine the hypothesis. The models take into account unobservable individual-specific effects to reduce the possibility of a spurious effect of soft drug use on the onset of hard drug use. The gateway effects are greater when we do not take account of unobserved heterogeneity, but, although substantially reduced, they remain considerable when unobserved factors are accounted for.
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    Marital Sorting, Household Labor Supply, and Intergenerational Earnings Mobility across Countries (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We present comparable evidence on intergenerational earnings mobility for Denmark, Finland, Norway, the UK and the US, with a focus on the role of gender and marital status. We confirm that earnings mobility in the Nordic countries is typically greater than in the US and in the UK, but find that, in contrast to all other groups, for married women mobility is approximately uniform across countries when estimates are based on women's own earnings. Defining offspring outcomes in terms of family earnings, on the other hand, leads to estimates of intergenerational mobility in the Nordic countries which exceed those for the US and the UK for both men and women, single and married. Unlike in the Nordic countries, we find that married women with children and with husbands from affluent backgrounds tend to exhibit reduced labor supply in the US and the UK. In these countries, it is the combination of assortative mating and labor supply responses which weakens the association between married women's own earnings and their parents' earnings.
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    Exporting Western Law to the Developing World: The Troubling Case of Niger (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years the West has dispatched ``rule doctors" across the developing world to guide poor countries through the process of legal modernization and westernization. Their goal, laid out by the so-called Washington Consensus, has been to reform those countries' legal systems so that they might share in the economic bounty of globalization. But things have not always gone well, particularly - this paper argues - where those rule doctors have ignored existing legal traditions.The paper focuses on the particular case of Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world. At present, most of Niger's citizens rely on magio-religious traditions to accomplish what we in the West would consider law. One important, and from a Western perspective colorful, Nigerien legal tradition is its citizens' reliance on an oracle called the gon to identify wrongdoers and restore harmony to their communities. The paper will describe the gon, and will point out some of the ways that it differs fundamentally from Western conceptions of law. It then will conclude that Washington Consensus law reform in Niger will fail, and will very likely cause social unrest, unless it takes a different tack and finds a way to accommodate existing legal traditions.
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    Magnetic Field Enhancement with Soft Magnetic Flux Guides (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 313-317 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, a study of the sensitivity enhancement of spin valve sensors, when locatedin close proximity to magnetic flux guides, is presented. The magnetoresistance (MR) of spin-valvesensors, lithographically patterned into stripes with lateral dimensions, (length) l = 500 µm, (width)wsensor = 1, 2, 6 µm and placed near one/two Co93.5Zr2.8Nb3.7 (CZN) magnetic flux guide, ischaracterized at room temperature. CZN has a high permeability that together with a definedmicrostructured shape, is able to concentrate the magnetic flux in a small area, leading to anincrease in sensor's sensitivity. The magnetic field amplification is estimated by comparison ofsensor sensitivity with/without magnetic flux guides, in the linear operation range, and studied as afunction of different parameters. Besides an enhancement in sensitivity, sensors also exhibit animportant increase in the hard axis coercivity and a shift from MR(H=0) = 0.5, both attributed to themagnetic flux guides. Amplification factors of the order of 20 are observed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.313.pdf
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    Spin Disorder Resistivity and Electronic Specific Heat of Gd〈sub〉4〈/sub〉(Co〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Cu〈sub〉x〈/sub〉)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 Compounds (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, we present a study of the spin disorder resistivity ( ρm∞) and the electronicspecific heat coefficient ( γ) in Gd4(Co1-xCux)3 compounds, with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30. Theexperimental results show a strongly non-linear dependence of ρm∞ on the de Gennes factor which,in similar intermetallic compounds, is usually attributed to the existence of spin fluctuations on theCo 3d bands and its amplification by the thermal disorder of the Gd magnetic moments through theGd-Co exchange coupling. Using a novel combined analysis of ρm∞ and γ, we show, however, thatonly electron band structure changes are involved in the anomalous behaviour of ρm∞ and that alinear dependence of ρm∞ on the de Gennes factor is obtained when the variation of the effectivemass is properly taken into account
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.333.pdf
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    Corrosion Resistances of As-Cast and Quenched Samples of a Zn-22Al Eutectoid Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To address the increasing demand for high performance and high quality die castings,Zn-Al casting alloys have been developed, in particular for applications in the automotive industry.This family of alloys has good physical, mechanical and tribological properties and is commonlyused as foundry alloys in a variety of applications. Particularly, the Zn-22 wt% Al eutectoid alloy isa classic commercial material and a fine-grained structure can be obtained by using a suitable heattreatment which can induce a superplastic behavior. On the other hand, this heat treatment canaffect the corrosion behavior of such alloy. The present work focuses on the influence of as-cast andquenched microstructures of the Zn-22wt%Al eutectoid alloy on its electrochemical corrosionbehavior. The typical microstructural patterns were examined by using optical microscopytechniques. In order to evaluate the corrosion behavior of such alloy, corrosion tests were performedin a 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25ºC by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)technique and potentiodynamic polarization curves. An equivalent circuit by using the ZViewsoftware was also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions and understanding of theelectrochemical corrosion behavior. It was found that the heat-treated samples are more susceptibleto the corrosion action than the as-cast alloy sample
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.355.pdf
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    Metallic Powders Amorphization by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Electrical Sintering (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Al-base and Fe-base powders have been amorphized by a high energy milling process inan Attritor miller. Microstructural evolution in powder particles has been analyzed by XRD, DSC,SEM and TEM. The conventional route of cold pressing and sintering applied to these powdersdoes not result adequate to preserve their amorphous or nanometric character. An additionaldisadvantage of this route appears during the cold pressing stage, as a consequence of theinsufficient green strength of the compacts, due to the high hardness of the milled powders. In orderto avoid these difficulties a new consolidation technique, electrical resistance sintering (ERS), hasbeen successfully employed. ERS consolidated compacts have been microstructurally characterizedby optical microscopy and XRD, showing that compacts preserve their amorphous and/ornanometric character
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.375.pdf
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    Intermetallic Effects on the Ductility of Sintered Aluminium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 380-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mechanically alloyed aluminium powder was prepared by attrition-milling for 10 hoursin the presence of a wax. Milled powders were annealed in vacuum at different temperatures (500,575, 600, 625 and 650ºC). Compacts were consolidated starting from unannealed and from 600ºCannealedpowders. Studies by SEM microfractography and quantitative metallography, toinvestigate the influence of Fe-Al intermetallics on compacts fracture, have been carried out. It isconcluded that fracture takes place at regions where the area occupied by the intermetallics is highand intermetallics particles are big. Intermetallic particle size can be controlled by an appropriatedheat treatment
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.380.pdf
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    Incremental Melting and Solidification Process/Mechanical Characterization of Functionally Graded Al-Si Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 400-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Incremental Melting and Solidification Process (IMSP) is a relatively new field formaterial processing for the production of functionally graded materials. In this process a controlledliquid bath is maintained at the top of the component where new materials are added changing thecomponents composition. Thus, a functionally graded material is obtained with a varyingcomposition along one direction of the component. This paper deals with the influence of one of theprocess parameters, namely displacement rates between heating coil and mould, in order to evaluateits influence on both metallurgical and mechanical properties of different Al-Si alloys. Hardness andphase distribution, along the main castings axis, were measured. To better assess and characterizethe process, two different Al-Si alloys with and without variation of chemical composition along thespecimen were analysed. Results demonstrate that a gradual variation of metallurgical andmechanical properties along the component is obtained. It is also shown that Al-Si functionallygraded materials can be produced by the incremental melting and solidification process. Resultsshow that the displacement rate is very important on metallurgical and mechanical properties of theobtained alloy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.400.pdf
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    Strain Path Change Effect on Deformation Behaviour of Materials with Low-to-Moderate Stacking Fault Energy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stacking fault energy (SFE) plays an important role in face centred cubic (f.c.c.) metalsand alloys in determining the prevailing mechanisms of plastic deformation. Low SFE metals andalloys have a tendency to develop mechanical twinning, besides dislocation slip, during plasticdeformations. Deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution under simple and complexstrain paths were studied in 70/30 brass, with small and intermediate grain sizes, which correspondsto a f.c.c. material with low SFE. Simple (rolling and tension) and complex (tension normal toprevious rolling) strain paths were performed. The macroscopic deformation behaviour of materialsstudied is discussed in terms of equivalent true stress vs. equivalent true strain responses and strainhardening rates normalized by shear modulus (dσ/dε)/G as vs. (σ – σ0)/G (σ0 is the initial yieldstress of the material and G is the shear modulus). The mechanical behaviour is discussed withrespect to dislocation and twin microstructure evolution developed in both, simple and complexstrain paths
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.420.pdf
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    Selection of Nanofiller Dispersion Method and Properties Evaluation of Polyurethane/ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉:Eu Composites for Optoelectronic Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present study the distribution of nanofillers in the polyurethane matrix and thecomposite properties were investigated. As a nanofiller, zirconium oxide doped with 10% Eu3+ wasused. The nanofiller was added at 0.1 wt%. Different ways of nanofiller incorporation wereinvestigated. The microstructure of the obtained materials was examined by atomic forcemicroscopy in force modulation. The size analysis of the nanofiller was investigated with HRSEM.The thermal (DSC, TGA) properties of polyurethane nanocomposites were also investigated inaddition to the analysis of transmittance and luminescence of obtained materials. The resultsobtained indicate a possibility of fabrication of polymeric nanocomposites for optoelectronicapplications via a relatively inexpensive processing route
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.448.pdf
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    Iron and Chromium Removal from Binary Solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III) and Fe(III)/Cr(VI) by Biosorbents Supported on Zeolites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The removal of metallic ions from binary aqueous solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III) andFe(III)/Cr(VI) by an Arthrobacter viscosus biofilm supported on NaY zeolite was investigated.Experiments were repeated with suspended biomass for comparison purposes. Batch assays wereperformed using different concentrations (10, 25 and 40 mg/L), for both metals in solution. Resultsindicated that Arthrobacter viscosus is able to retain the metallic ions, although not totally. Theremoval efficiencies were improved when the biofilm was supported on the zeolite, for all the initialconcentrations of Cr(III), for the intermediate and higher concentration of Cr(VI) and for all rangeof initial concentrations of Fe(III), in the presence of Cr(III). The bacteria reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III)and, only then, this cation may be entrapped in the framework zeolite by ion exchange. Suspendedbacteria had higher affinity for Fe(III), than for Cr(VI) or Cr(III), while the conjugated system wasselective to Fe(III) when in the presence of Cr(VI). For solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III), very highremovals were achieved by the supported system, ranging from 94 to 100 % for Cr(III) and from 98to 100 % for Fe(III). The conjugated system also reached the highest removal ratio of Cr(VI), 36 %,for the initial concentration of 40 mg/L. The materials in study were characterized by techniquessuch as FTIR, SEM and chemical analyses
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.463.pdf
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    Effect of Annealing Conditions on the Grain Size of Nanocrystalline Copper Thin Films (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline metals demonstrate a broad range of fascinating mechanical properties atthe nanoscale, namely a significant increase in hardness and superior yield stress. In this regard,understanding grain growth in nanocrystalline metals is crucial, particularly because nano sizegrains are characterized by a high curvature, which results in a high driving force for grain growth.In this work, the effect of annealing conditions on grain size of copper nanocrystalline thin filmswas investigated. The nanocrystalline copper thin films were first deposited by d.c. magnetronsputtering on a copper substrate. The specimens were then annealed in vacuum at 100, 300 and500ºC from 10 minutes to 5 hours. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that theas-deposited thin films have a bimodal grain size distribution; an average grain size of 43±2nm andthe presence of nanotwins. Abnormal grain growth was observed for some samples annealed.Increasing the annealing time induced significant grain growth and promoted twin formation in thelarger grains. Finally, the hardness of these nanocrystalline Cu thin films was determined usingatomic force microscope. The relation between mechanical properties, annealing conditions andgrain size was analyzed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.483.pdf
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    Melting of PP/PA6 Polymer Blends in Single Screw Extruders – An Experimental Study (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A prototype modular single screw extruder fitted with a screw extracting device is usedto monitor melting of an immiscible polymer blend (PP/PA6, with different weight ratios) in thiswidely used processing equipment. As anticipated, the phenomena observed are much morecomplex than those involved in extruding PP or PA6, when the well known Maddock/Tadmormechanism is valid. Consequently a hybrid melting mechanism, involving Maddock/Tadmor andDispersive melting sequences, is proposed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.505.pdf
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    Study of the Degradation of a Polyesther-Polyurethane by TGA and the Logistic Mixture Model (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The logistic mixture model was successfully studied previously in the separation ofoverlapping steps in some polymeric systems by the authors. In the present work, this method isapplied to a polyesther-polyurethane degradation under air and inert atmospheres at several heatrates (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ºC/min) in dynamic TGA. Every logistic component is fitted by reactionorder, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and Sestak-Berggren kinetics equations in order to calculate its kineticparameters (activation energy, frequency factor and exponents). The reaction order model gives agood fitting and reproduces accurtelly the experimental curves. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and Sestak-Berggren equations resulted to be not suitables because of the activation energy values obtained
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.525.pdf
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    Photodegradation Studies of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 543-547 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF, in its β phase was analysedbefore and after the samples were exposed to UV radiation using a xenon lamp, for ten weeks.Changes in chemical structures, crystallinity, dielectric and piezoelectric response wereinvestigated. From the present study it can be concluded that PVDF shows high stability towardsphotodegradation and can be used for outdoor applications without interference in its performance
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.543.pdf
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    Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Innovative Structures Incorporating Cork (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Cork is a natural cellular material which has been used for centuries, in natural andagglomerate forms, mainly for applications related to the wine, the automotive and the constructionindustries. It is a very durable and ecological material, used for thermal, acoustic and vibratinginsulation as well as packaging, among others. This paper highlights some of the aspects of a topicof great interest, not much explored yet, which consists of the study of the dynamic mechanicalbehaviour of innovative structures incorporating cork, dedicated to energy-absorption. Experimentaland numerical tests, using the finite element method software LS-DYNA™, were performed inorder to evaluate the effects of filling agglomerate cork inside thin-walled metallic tubes, withvariable geometries and thicknesses, impacted uniaxially at quasi-static and high strain rates. Somerelevant comparisons were carried out and the results obtained allowed concluding that cork mightbe a viable energy-absorbing material for application in some metallic structures subjected toimpact loadings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.599.pdf
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    Electrical Properties Studies of a Cork/TetraPak®/Paraffin Wax Composite (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 613-617 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Lately the electrical and dielectric properties of cork and some cork-based materials(commercial and non-commercial) have been studied in order to understand their ability to storeelectrical charge. The main problem found so far is related to the water content in cork, only of afew % weight, but large enough to influence greatly the conductivity of cork and, consequently, thecharge storage capability. To overcome this problem cork has been combined with hydrophobicmaterials. In this work a commercial wax (paraffin wax) was used to produce a cork/paraffincomposite by hot pressing. After milled and mixed natural cork, TetraPak® containers waste andparaffin were pressed to make plaques of a new composite. Different concentrations of cork,TetraPak® and paraffin, different granules size, different temperature and pressure were used toproduce the samples. The electrical properties of the new composite were measured by theisothermal charging and discharging current method and the results compared to previously onesobtained for natural cork and other derivative products. The new composite has shown to havelower conductivity than the commercial agglomerate, which makes it a better material for chargestorage
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Mechanical Behaviour of Ausformed and Marformed Ti-Rich Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 635-639 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shape memory effect (SME) in Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys is ascribed to thethermoelastic reversible martensite phase transformation. Phase transformation is established to beaffected by the pre- thermal and mechanical history of the alloy. The present work deals with theeffect of mechanical working, known as ‘marforming’ and ‘ausforming’, on the phasetransformation characteristics and mechanical behaviour of Ti-rich Ni-Ti alloy. Tensile study andmeasurement of the hardness data were carried out at room temperature. Mere heat treatment orheat treatment at 773 K after the marforming shows similar characteristics, whereas, the as-receivedand the ausformed samples exhibit different behaviours. Hardness numbers of the heat treatedsamples are found to be smaller than those of the as-received and mechanically worked samples
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.635.pdf
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    Compositional Analysis of Polychromes by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 657-661 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study deals with the analysis and characterization of wood polychromes by means ofLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Specimens from a Baroque altarpiece have beenanalyzed by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser source at the wavelength of 355 nm. Previously, alibrary of characteristic LIBS spectra of the most commonly used pigments and other materialsinvolved was obtained. The knowledge of these spectra allowed us to identify the main constituentsof the different layers in polychromes and to obtain compositional depth profiles
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.657.pdf
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    Characterization of Ni-Ti (Shape Memory Alloy) Thin Film by 〈i〉In Situ〈/i〉 XRD and Complementary 〈i〉Ex Situ〈/i〉 Techniques (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 672-676 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ni-Ti SMA are smart materials undergoing first order martensitic transformations drivenby temperature and/or stress. In the form of film they are very attractive candidates for microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) applications. Future directions include the production offunctionally graded films by changing deliberately the ratio Ti/Ni across their thickness. However,for the successful development of this type of films, it is important to characterize, model andcontrol the variations in composition, crystalline structure and transformation temperatures. Ourapproach is in-situ XRD study of the actual growth of the films of varying composition along thethickness carried out using a deposition chamber installed at a synchrotron radiation beamline.These studies were complemented with ex-situ analysis techniques. The results achieved on a Ni-Tifilm co-sputtered from Ni-Ti and Ti targets on a TiN buffer layer are presented in this paper. Thedeposition started by using optimised parameters for a near equiatomic composition. After 1 h(≈330 nm thick film), the Ti power was increased from 20 to 25 W, leading to the precipitation ofTi2Ni. The evolution of the lattice parameter values of the B2 phase, calculated from thecorresponding XRD data, is clearly linked with the increase of the Ti power. The depth profile ofthe atomic concentrations determined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is in agreement withthe in situ XRD results. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity was used to monitorphase transformations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has shown the presence of twinnedmartensite on the film’s surface at room temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.672.pdf
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    Hyperelastic Modelling of Cork-Polyurethane Gel Composites: Non-Linear FEA Implementation in 3D Foot Model (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The CPGC – Cork-Polyurethane Gel Composite is a material that is mechanicallycharacterized by non-linear elastic behaviour at large deformations. The non-linear behaviour can bemodelled by hyperelastic constitutive models based on strain energy functions enabling a structuredphenomenological framework for CPGC material modelling. The CPGC is a promising material forhuman comfort enhancement and dynamic damping/control applications. This paper presents theexperimental methodology used for the CPGC evaluation of material parameters used in thehyperelastic models and the finite element model build-up. A 3D foot FEA model is presented inorder to evaluate the performance of the hyperelastic model in a real case situation and themechanical performance of shoe insoles, namely, trough the monitoring of the contact pressurevalues at the insole/foot interface
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.700.pdf
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    Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Laser Surface Remelting of Al 9wt% Si Alloy Samples (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 721-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Laser materials processing has been widely applied in industrial processes due to uniqueprecision and very localized thermal action furnished by the laser’s high energy density and powercontrollability. With the inherent rapid heating and cooling rates to which this surface layer issubjected, this process provides an opportunity to produce different microstructures from that of thebulk metal leading to useful properties. The aim of this work is to develop a heat transfermathematical model based on the finite difference method in order to simulate temperature fields inthe laser surface remelting process. Convective heat transfer in the remelted pool is taken intoaccount by using the effective thermal conductivity approach. Theoretical predictions furnished byprevious models from the literature were used for validation of numerical simulations performedwith the proposed model. Experiments of laser surface remelting of Al-9 wt pct Si samples wascarried out in the present investigation, and numerical simulations was applied for the laser machineoperating parameters. The work also encompasses the analysis of microstructural andmicrohardness variations throughout the resulting treated and unmolten zones
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.721.pdf
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    Failure Analysis of Metallic Materials in Sheet Metal Forming Using Finite Element Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 736-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The optimisation of sheet metal processes by using numerical simulations has become akey factor to a continuously increasing requirement for time and cost efficiency, for qualityimprovement and materials saving, in many manufacturing areas such as automotive, aerospace,building, packaging and electronic industries. The introduction of new materials brought newchallenges to sheet metal forming processes. The behaviour observed with conventional steels maynot be applied when using high-strength steels or aluminium alloys. Numerical codes need to modelcorrectly the material and different constitutive equations must be considered to describe withgreater accuracy its behaviour. This enhancement of material description may provide a betterprediction of the forming limits, enabling an assessment of the influence of each forming parameteron the necking occurrence and the improvement of press performance. This paper presents twonumerical approaches for failure prediction in sheet metal forming operations: one is theimplementation of the Lemaitre’s ductile damage model in the Abaqus/Explicit code in accordancewith the theory of Continuum Damage Mechanics and the other is the traditional use of FLDs,usually employed as an analysis of the finite element solution in which the necking phenomenon iscarried out in the framework of Marciniak-Kuczinsky (M-K) analysis coupled with the conventionaltheory of plasticity. The previous strategies and corresponding results are compared with twoexperimental failure cases, in order to test and validate each of these strategies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.736.pdf
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    Leaching Studies of Spent Zinc-Manganese Alkaline Batteries with Sulphuric Acid (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 763-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The hydrometallurgical processing of metal bearing residues is one of the establishedroutes envisaging metals recovery. In these processes, the leaching operation plays a central role asallows the solubilization of metals for further separation and recovery as pure products. This routecan be applied to spent domestic batteries recycling, which studies on sulphuric acid leaching ofspent alkaline batteries are reported in this paper. Material samples used in the trials were preparedconcerning the real proportion of the most common sizes and shapes of batteries found in the usualstream of this type of wastes. The research involved the evaluation of some factors which affectleaching yields namely temperature, reaction time and stirring speed, through a two-level factorialdesign methodology and analysis of variance. In this study, other factors related with leachantconcentration and stoichiometry were maintained constant. Zinc leaching yields were generally highand even near 100% when the high levels of the variables were used, meaning that zinc oxidespresent in the electrodes are very reactive to acid leachant. The variables had all positive effectsbeing temperature the most significant factor (confidence level 99%) while the other factors wereless significant (98.8% for time and 95% for stirring speed). Concerning manganese, leaching yieldsobtained were more dependent from the factors, being also positive and varying from 11% (for lowlevels of factors combination) to 89% (for high levels of factors combination). Temperature andtime were highly significant (confidence levels above 99.9%) while stirring speed was lesssignificant (97%). Contamination of leach liquors with iron was also evaluated since it is animpurity which requires special attention during the process development. For the higher levels ofthe factors (t = 1 h, T=80ºC and ω=400 rpm) the final solution contained 10 g/L Zn, 15 g/L Mn and3.2 g/L Fe. The removal of the iron from the solution is a necessary step prior to the separation andrecovery of zinc and manganese
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.763.pdf
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    Studies on PVC-Clay Mixture as Function of the Temperature Cooking (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 783-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In Italy, the amount of thermoplastic materials is 5 million tons. The recovery isnecessary through simple processes with high efficiency. The aim of this paper is to study the use ofplastic material particles in the ceramic industry for the production of light bricks, since this wasteburns during firing at high temperature. The clay is extracted by disused quarry of South Italy andthe PVC is a by-product of polymeric bars production (San Giovanni in Fiore- Calabria). The clayand the PVC waste were characterised by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction to identify thecrystalline phases of raw material and EDS analyses to determine the chemical composition.Mixtures containing waste and clay materials were formed by extrusion and fired in a furnace usingrange temperatures of 900°C-1100°C. The obtained final products are bricks of 15 cm of length,2 cm of thickness and 1.2 cm of height. The physical and mechanical properties were studied. Theseproperties are used to define process firing temperature. Water absorption and linear shrinkage testscarried out as a function of the firing temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.783.pdf
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    Development of Monolithic Materials with and without a Binder with Carbon Molecular Sieving Properties (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 805-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work we studied the production of activated carbon fibres in monolith shape froma commercial textile acrylic fibre. The monoliths were produced with and without a binder. Thebinders tested were phenolic resin, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and clay. We also testedthe influence of using a solvent. The SEM analysis indicates that the monoliths are made offilaments that can be considered activated carbon fibres. The type of binder influences the fibreorientation, degradation and materials shrinkage, the worst results being obtained from the use ofpolymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene in toluene. The best results are obtained when themonoliths were produced only with acrylic fibre and with phenolic resin as binder. The use ofsolvents has opposite effects for the carbonised and activated samples. In the former case it seemsthat the water can be fibre protective but during activation the presence of water leads to an increasein the monolith’s burn-off. The methodology used leads to the formation of excellent samples forperforming the gas separations O2/N2and CO2/CH4. Some samples show maximum selectivity forthe referred separations because N2and CH4are almost totally excluded from the porous structurewhich indicates a good potential to be utilised in PSA systems or for natural gas purification. Theadsorption capacity is very dependent on the conditions used. Nevertheless, the best sample has aconsiderably high adsorption capacity (32cm3g-1 for CO2and 4cm3g-1 for O2, after 200s contacttime)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.805.pdf
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    Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ultrafine-grained titanium was processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The SPDwas carried out by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at high temperature. The ECAPprocessedsample was further deformed by conventional techniques such as radial forging anddrawing. The microstructure was characterized quantitatively by X-ray diffraction line profileanalysis and transmission electron microscopy after each step of deformation. The effect ofprocesing routes on the mechanical behavior was also studied. It was found that the conventionaldeformation processes after ECAP result in further increment in dislocation density and strength atthe expense of ductility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.99.pdf
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    Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Al-6082 Ultrafine-Grained Alloys Processed by ECAP Combined with Traditional Forming Techniques (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An Al-6082 alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) andsubsequently to conventional forming methods such as shape rolling and rotary forging. The effectof different deformation techniques on the microstructure and the mechanical properties wasstudied. It was found that the shape rolling and rotary forging increased further the strength ofECAP-processed samples and induced a loss of ductility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.111.pdf
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    Production and Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Double Composite Structures (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study Nextel 440 type alumina fibre reinforced aluminium matrix composite wireswere investigated. Composite wires produced using the continuous process are suitable to simplifythe introduction of fibre reinforcements into aluminium castings as well as the production of doublecomposite, sandwich and preferentially reinforced structures. This paper focuses on the porosity ofcomposite wires because minimizing porosity is the primary condition of good mechanicalproperties. Composite wires were produced with different infiltration pressure (0.83 MPa, 1.03MPa, 1.24 MPa, 1.52 MPa, and 1.65 MPa) to determine the correlation between infiltration pressureand the porosity of wires. 10 grinded cross-sectional samples were made from each type ofcomposite wires. Based on the micrographs of these samples the volume fraction of aluminium wasdetermined by image analysis, which also yielded information on the porosity of wires. The resultsshow that there is direct (linear) correlation between the infiltration pressure and the decrease inporosity. These findings, however, are valid only for the investigated range of pressure. Themeasured values were in good agreement with the theoretical model used for comparison
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.105.pdf
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    Properties of Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the last ten years carbon nanotube composites are in the focus of the researchers ofpolymer blends. Different composition of carbon nanotubes and polymers were produced by aspecial mixing unit called Infinitely Variable Dynamic Shear Mixer (IDMX). In the experimentspolypropylene and polycarbonate polymers were used as matrix materials. Nanotube masterbatcheswere used to prepare different compositions. Concentration series were manufactured by thedynamic mixer. The prepared materials were characterised by scanning electron microscopy.Mechanical, electrical and burning properties of the materials were also determined. Thermalproperties were examined by DSC
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.117.pdf
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    The Comparison of Solid Silicone Rubber Types Manufactured by Diverse Technologies (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper presents the current results of our ongoing research on the field of siliconrubber applications in precision engineering and in medical industry. We have demonstrated twotechnologies for the manufacturing of precision parts and devices for the medical industry. Themechanical properties of the silicone rubber materials manufactured by press vulcanisation and bymoulding (diving) are compared
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.123.pdf
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    Investigation of Crystallization in an Amorphous Cu-Based Alloy by X-Ray (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 131-136 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently one of the most significant research-field in the development of amorphousalloys is the research of the Cu-based amorphous alloys. The Zr-based alloys developed earlier canbe replaced by the newly developed Cu-based alloys as the high price of the Zr-based alloys limitstheir utilization in spite of their favourable properties. Production of Cu-based alloys having thesame or more favourite properties than Zr-based alloys is cheaper and this fact can promote theirincreasing utilization. Cu-Zr-Ti and Cu-Hf-Ti alloy systems – they are Cu-based alloys – haveexcellent mechanical properties. In this paper investigations of crystallization of amorphousCu44,25Zr36Ag14,75Ti5 powder produced by ball milling (these processes have not been investigatedyet according to the reference data) are described. In the course of investigation of thecrystallization process, samples were heated to a temperature of investigation by means of a DSCequipment and the developed state was frozen by chilling. The investigation of the developedstructure and to identify the phases formed during heat treatment, X-ray diffraction method wasused
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.131.pdf
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    Composite Production by Pressure Infiltration (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the possibility of composite block production by using pressureinfiltration technology. This method uses the pressure of an inert gas (usually argon or nitrogen) toforce the melted matrix material to infiltrate the reinforcing elements. Three types of materials wereconsidered: open cell metallic foam, metal matrix syntactic foam and carbon fiber reinforced metalmatrix composite. Physical and mechanical investigations – such as SEM and compression tests –were performed. The results of measurements were summarized briefly
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.137.pdf
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    Rare Earth Metal Doped Barium Titanates (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 143-148 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High purity as well as Ce-, Pr- and Y-doped polycrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics wereprepared by wet chemical synthesis. Dielectric constant as well as dielectric loss of dry pressed andsintered ceramics show dielectric constant above 20000 for samples containing 0.5 % Ceaccompanied by semiconducting properties. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed Ti beingsubstituted by Ce an Y, while Pr substitutes Ba ions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.143.pdf
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    Control of the Particle Size of Gold on Tin Modified Silica Support (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 155-160 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study we describe a two-step synthesis method for the preparation of goldnanoparticles supported on tin modified silica. The key step of the preparation procedure is theformation of surface grafted organotin complexes. The reduction of these surface species in ahydrogen atmosphere resulted in both metallic (Sno) and ionic (Sn2+) forms of tin. These forms oftin are capable to reduce gold from chloroauric acid solution forming gold nanoparticles with highdispersion on the surface of silica. It has been found that the particle size of gold strongly dependson the pH value of the gold solution and the presence or absence of ammonia
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.155.pdf
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    Hydrogen Storage in Nanocrystalline Mg Powders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 149-154 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conventional polycrystalline MgH2 was ball-milled under hydrogen atmosphereAfterwards 2 mol % pre-milled Nb2O5 (∼ 40 nm) was added to the MgH2 as a catalyst and themilling was continued. The effect of the milling duration and microstructure on the temperature ofhydrogen desorption and on the dehydriding kinetics of the ball-milled MgH2 + Nb2O5 powders wasanalyzed. In addition, taking into account the microstructural parameters, e.g. the median andvariance of the log-normal grain-size distribution of MgH2 powders, the reaction kinetics can bemodeled by introducing a multi-particle reaction function
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.149.pdf
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    Controlling the Composition of Nanosize Hexagonal WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 for Gas Sensing (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hexagonal (h-) WO3 was prepared through heating hexagonal ammonium tungstenbronze (HATB), (NH4)0.07(NH3)0.04(H2O)0.09WO2.95. By adjusting the heating temperature andatmosphere of HATB, we could control the oxidation state of tungsten atoms and the residualNH3/NH4+ content in h-WO3. The as-produced h-WO3 nanoparticles with different compositionwere tested as gas sensors and the effect of composition on gas sensing properties was studied. Ourresults showed that oxidized h-WO3 had the best sensitivity to H2S
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Dynamic Phenomena during Sessile Drop Measurements due to Oxide Layer Disruption (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The wetting phenomenon between solids and liquids has an outstanding role in severaltechnological processes [1, 2]. The knowledge of physical and chemical factors acting on thesurface tension is needed to ensure the successful processing in casting, brazing and sintering. Thesurface oxide layer influences the wetting conditions and makes difficult the exact measurement ofcontact angle [3]. In this paper the effect of oxide layer disruption and recovery was observed usinga high speed camera
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.173.pdf
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    Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Ferrite Materials by a Nitrate-Citrate Self-Combustion Sol–Gel Synthesis (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: New chemical synthesis procedure for the preparation of nickel zinc doped W-typehexagonal barium ferrite and aluminium doped yttrium-iron garnet nanoparticles has beendeveloped, using the nitrate-citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method (NCSAM). The crystallinephase attributes, microstructure, morphology, specific surface area, Curie temperature (TC),permeability, thermal behavior of the as-burnt phase and the heat treated powders werecharacterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, TG-DTA and AC magnetic permeability withfrequency shift. In the case of the hexaferrite, the pure W-type ferrite phase is formed during 4 hourannealing at a temperature of 1200 ºC, the garnet phase is formed at a lower temperature i.e. 1000ºC. Furthermore it has been confirmed, that the AC magnetic permeabilities of the garnet materialsare strongly depending on the chemical composition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.167.pdf
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    Mechanical and Electrical Testing of Electrically Conductive Silicone Rubber (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicone rubber is an essential construction material in food industry, medicine and insome fields of mechanical engineering, because it has good mechanical, electrical, biological andother special properties. One needs to know these material properties in order to develop siliconesensors. We performed several standard measurements for rubber, like tensile strength, cyclictensile, bending, fatiguing, stress relaxation tests etc. To investigate the electrical properties, wemeasured the resistance of silicone during the mechanical tests. The paper summarizes the newestresults of our research in connection with mechanical and electrical properties of conductivesilicone rubber
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.179.pdf
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  • 90
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    Decomposition of the Ferritic Phase in Isothermally Aged SAF 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Duplex stainless steels constitute a famous group of the stainless steels. They consist ofmainly ferritic and austenitic phases. The ratio between these phases is regulated by numerousalloying elements and low content of carbon. Because of this strong alloying a lot of metallurgicalprocesses can take place at high temperature, e.g. the decomposition of ferritic phase into σ-phaseand secondary austenite. In this paper the changes of amounts of these three phases are studied byautomated EBSD, saturation magnetization measurement, XRD-analysis and micro-hardness test.Similar results were obtained by the different applied measurements for the change of phase ratiosdue to the isothermal heat treatment
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.185.pdf
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  • 91
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    Examine of Mechanical Load of Silicone Rubber by Optical Methods (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicone rubber is an essential construction material in food industry, medicine and insome fields of mechanical engineering, because it has special mechanical, electrical, biological andother special properties. Over the usage of silicone rubber as structural material, the “intelligent”behaviour is more and more important. In this case the question arises whether its optical propertieschange by the effect of mechanical load or deformation? Can it be used like sensor, utilizing theseproperties?The paper shows the newest result of our optical research in connection with silicone rubber andshows the possibility of its usage for optical strain and force sensor, using its birefringence
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.191.pdf
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  • 92
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    Electrical Examination of Silicon Nitride – Carbon Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Si3N4 ceramics are usually known as strongly refractory and enduring materials andthey have typical insulating material properties on room temperature. If reinforcing phase of theSi3N4 matrix composite is a good electrical conductor, in that case it is worth to investigate thecomposite in electrical aspect. In our case carbon nanotubes, black-carbon and graphite with goodelectrical conductivity were mixed in the base ceramic. During our electrical investigations DCresistivity measurements were used to determine the percolation threshold and the conductivity ofthe composites. In case of high resistance samples AC impedance spectroscopy was applied. Asresult of the impedance spectroscopy capacitive properties were found. In some cases of conductorsamples combined mechanical – electrical measurements were done to study the integrity of theadditions in the matrix
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.203.pdf
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  • 93
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    Microstructural Changes due to Secondary Precipitation Hardening of Martensitic Creep Resistant Steel X20CrMoWV 12 1 (AISI 422) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: After development of the well-known T/P91 steel grade in the early 80’s and its longindustrial experience since early 90’s, it has been necessary to develop new martensitic creepresistant steels to answer the demand of the power generation industry. New USC (ultra-supercritical) boilers require materials with advanced creep properties to reach severe steam parameters.Addition of W to the steel has been found by many researches to be effective to increase creeprupture strength at high temperatures and already used in some developed steel grades such asT/P92, T/P122 and AISI 422 for the USC boilers. Recently, long-term creep strength of theadvanced high Cr ferritic steels has been argued regarding the instability of their microstructures athigh temperatures over 600 °C. This microstructural instability seems to be enhanced withincreasing Cr content or with substitution of Mo by W in the steels. The aim of this paper isconcentrated on the investigation of the microstructural development of the studied steel using theJominy end-face quench test. Different hardness profiles from this test were introduced
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.197.pdf
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  • 94
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    Infrared Examination of Electrically Conductor Si〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Nanocomposites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Si3N4 is one of the leader high-tech ceramic nowadays. As a result of numerousdevelopments excellent mechanical properties of the material are increased by carbon additives. Inour previous investigation the electrical effect of the additives was examined. In our work thermoradiation measurements were used by infrared camera technique on conductor Si3N4 ceramiccomposites in infrared wavelength range. The thermal properties of the developed ceramiccomposites were determined. This is not easy with the ordinary methods because of the fashioningand geometrical parameters of the material. During the experiments the emissivity of ourcomposites was determined by infrared thermography measurements. Based on a theoreticalthermal conductivity model an evaluation method that allows a derivation of thermal conductivitiesof special geometry conductive materials from results of infrared measurements was established
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.209.pdf
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  • 95
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    Assessment of Laser-Cut Quality on the Basis of Acoustic Emission Signals Captured with a PZT Sensor (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes an analysis of the AE signals captured with PZT sensor during andafter laser cutting. In the course of cutting the continuous AE signals are treated in a defined timeinterval. After cutting, bursts of acoustic emission will occur. They are due to solidification of themolten material and cooling of the laser-cut surface. The results shown refer to cutting of steel plateDC04 and of austenitic stainless steel plate X5CrNi18-10. Both plate types are frequently used inautomobile industry, where, because of mass production, optimisation of the cutting process isdesired. Numerous laser-cutting conditions assuring different quality levels of the cut made werechosen. It was proved that the laser cutting conditions had a significant influence on the amplitudevalue and intensity of the continuous signal and AE activity after the termination of laser cutting.Separately it was also confirmed that there was a relation between the measured signal and laser-cutquality, which is shown, to a large extent, by the presence of dross at the lower edge of the cut
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.215.pdf
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  • 96
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    Electrospinning of PVA/Carbon Nanotube Composite Nanofibers: TheEffect of Processing Parameters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite nanofibers were processed byboth conventional and needleless electrospinning method. The effect of the processing parameterson the possibility of manufacturing was investigated. The results were evaluated by surface tensionand conductivity measurements. For the investigation of surface morphology scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) was used. It was concluded that surface treatment of carbon nanotubes wasnecessary for needleless electrospinning. Lower surface tensions were better for this process but theeffect of conductivity was not so significant
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.221.pdf
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  • 97
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    Testing and Modeling the Tensile Strength Behavior of Glass Fibers, Fiber Bundles and Fiber Mat (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper glass fibers, chopped roving pieces, and fiber mats were tested in case ofemulsion bonded glass fiber mat samples. Relationships between the tensile strength properties ofthe different structural levels of the fiber mats were studied and fiber bundles as structural elementsof fiber mats were modeled by idealized statistical fiber bundles developed by the Department ofPolymer Engineering, BUTE. The geometrical and mechanical measurements were carried out byimage processing methods and a computer aided tensile tester. The results proved that the modelingmethod gave a tool in understanding the failure behavior of the fiber mat samples and studying theeffect of the structural parameters. The applicability of the modeling method is demonstrated by thegood agreement with some measurements
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.227.pdf
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    A Complex Measuring and Evaluation System for Determination of Forming Limit Diagrams (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Forming limit curves are very important for the prediction of failure during sheet metalforming both in practical forming operations and particularly in numerical simulations. Thereliability of numerical simulations in sheet metal forming processes is strongly influenced by thereliability of forming limit curves. Therefore, both the theoretical aspects and the experimentaldetermination of the forming limit curves are challenging problems for scientific researchers andindustrial practitioners as well. There are various experimental techniques and mathematical modelsused to determine the forming limit curves. In spite of the standardization efforts made recently byseveral institutions world wide, there are still significant differences in determining the forminglimit curves. Recently, a new, complex measuring system capable for the automatic determinationof FLCs was installed at the Department of Manufacturing Engineering. In this paper, first a shortoverview will be given on the theoretical background of FLCs, then the application of the complexmeasuring system will be shown
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.233.pdf
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  • 99
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    Investigation of the Microstructure and Hardness of SiC〈sub〉P〈/sub〉 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to find a relationship between the parameters describing themicrostructural homogeneity of SiC particle reinforced Al metal matrix composites. The Al-SiCpowder mixtures having different particle size combinations were hot-pressed after careful mixing.The optical microscope images of the microstructures were processed by using an image analyzingprogram; the binary morphology was chosen for characterizing the SiC particle distribution
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.239.pdf
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    Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Alkyl-Phosphonate SAMs on Mica (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The layer formation of phosphonic acids on mica surface as a model system, fromaqueous and ethanol solutions has been investigated. The aggregation behavior (critical micelleconcentration, cmc) of molecules in the solution phase has been determined by surface tensionmeasurements in order to select the appropriate concentration for the layer formation experiments.Layer formation of self-assembling molecules of alkyl-phosphonic acids has been followed byatomic force microscopy (AFM). Nucleation, growth and coalescence of densely packed islands ofphosphonates from ethanol solution have been recorded on mica surface. The structure of islandsdepends on the length of alkyl-chains. Self-assembly of phosphonates has been also observed fromaqueous solution, as presented by octyl-phosphonic acid (OcPA). The height of OcPA islands is1.46 ?? 0.22 nm, which is practically equal with the length of molecule (1.4 nm). This shows thatOcPA molecules form monolayer height domains on the mica surface
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.257.pdf
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