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  • Articles  (38,849)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (38,849)
  • Chemistry  (38,741)
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  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (38,759)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (90)
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  • Articles  (38,849)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (38,849)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supercritical extraction of phenol from soil
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Supercritical Fluids 4 (1991), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0896-8446
    Keywords: adsorption equilibrium ; phenol ; soil ; supercritical CO"2
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0896-8446(91)90030-A
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small town lead levels: A case study from the homes of pre-schoolers in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 84 (1994), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: children ; dust ; lead ; pollution ; soil
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90099-X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of climate change on the soil/moisture regime of Scottish mineral soils
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: GIS ; climate change ; moisture ; soil
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90039-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of Injection Molded Starch-Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Blends in a Natural Compost Environment (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 6 (1998), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Starch ; PHBV ; PHA ; plastic ; blends ; biodegradation ; soil ; compost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Injection molded specimens were prepared by blending poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with cornstarch. Blended formulations incorporated 30% or 50% starch in the presence or absence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which enhances the adherence of starch granules to PHBV. These formulations were evaluated for their biodegradability in natural compost by measuring changes in physical and chemical properties over a period of 125 days. The degradation of plastic material, as evidenced by weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present in the blends (neat PHBV 〈 30% starch 〈 50% starch). Incorporation of PEO into starch-PHBV blends had little or no effect on the rate of weight loss. Starch in blends degraded faster than PHBV and it accelerated PHBV degradation. Also, PHBV did not retard starch degradation. After 125 days of exposure to compost, neat PHBV lost 7% of its weight (0.056% weight loss/day), while the PHBV component of a 50% starch blend lost 41% of its weight (0.328% weight loss/day). PHB and PHV moieties within the copolymer degraded at similar rates, regardless of the presence of starch, as determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. GPC analyses revealed that, while the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHBV in all exposed samples decreased, there was no significant difference in this decrease between neat PHBV as opposed to PHBV blended with starch. SEM showed homogeneously distributed starch granules embedded in a PHBV matrix, typical of a filler material. Starch granules were rapidly depleted during exposure to compost, increasing the surface area of the PHBV matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022806222158
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradability of chitin- and chitosan-containing films in soil environment (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 3 (1995), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; chitin ; chitosan ; film ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The biodegradation of polyethylene-chitin (PE-chitin) and polyethylene-chitosan (PE-chitosan) films, containing 10% by weight chitin or chitosan, by pure microbial cultures and in a soil environment was studied. Three soil-inhabited organsims,Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andBeauveria bassiana were able to utilize chitin and chitosan in prepared PE-chitin and PE-chitosan films after eight weeks of incubation at 25°C in a basal medium containing no source of carbon or nitrogen. In a soil environment, the biodegradation of those films was studied and compared with a commercial biodegradable film containing 6% by the weight of corn starch. In soil placed in the lab, 73.4% of the chitosan and 84.7% of the chitin in the films were degraded, while 46.5% of the starch in the commercial film was degraded after six months of incubation. In an open field, 100% of the chitin and 100% of the chitosan in the films were degraded, but only 85% of the starch in the commercial film was degraded after six months of incubation. The weight of controls, (polyethylene films), remained mainly stable during the incubation period. Both PE-chitin and PE-chitosan films degraded at a higher rate than the commercial starch-based film in a soil environment indicating the potential use of chitin-based films for the manufacturing of biodegradable packaging materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067791
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of sorbed- and separate-phase chemicals (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 141-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioavailability ; biodegradation ; sorption ; oil ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of rubber particles in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1996), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; modelling ; rubber ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The biodegradation of rubber particles in rubber-soil mixtures at different rubber contents was monitored by the carbon dioxide production. The cumulative carbon dioxide production was modelled according to a two parameter exponential function. The model provides an excellent fit (R2〉0.98) for the observed data. The two parameters yield a reliable estimate of the half-life for the process observed, but estimation of the true half-life of rubber in soil will need more research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115746
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of concentration and environmental form of tetradecenyl succinic acid on its mineralization in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1996), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioavailability ; builders ; detergents ; kinetics ; mineralization ; sewage sludge ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tetradecenyl succinic acid (TSA) is the major component of a detergent builder (C12-C14 alkenyl succinic acid), which is inherently biodegradable. 14C-TSA was dosed as a component of sewage sludge into a soil with a history of sludge amendment at final added concentrations of 1.5 and 30 mg (kg soil)-1. In addition, it was dosed to the soil in an aqueous solution to a final added concentration of 30 mg (kg soil)-1. Dose and form were found to have a pronouced effect on the mineralization kinetics. When dosed in a realistic form and concentration (i.e. 1.5 mg (kg soil)-1 as a component of sludge), TSA was mineralized at its highest rate and to its greatest extent, and the mineralization half-life was 2.4 days. When dosed at 30 mg (kg soil)-1 as a component of sludge, mineralization began immediately, and the half-life was 23 days. In contrast, when dosed at this concentration in aqueous solution, the onset of mineralization was preceded by a 13 day lag period and the mineralization half-life was 69 days. Primary biodegradation and mineralization rates of TSA were very similar. Approximately, half the radioactivity was evolved as 14CO2, while the remaining radioactivity became non-extractable, having presumably been incorporated into biomass or natural soil organic matter (humics). This study demonstrated that TSA is effectively removed from sludge-amended soils as a result of biodegradation. Furthermore, it showed the effect that dose form and concentration have on the biodegradation kinetics and the importance of dosing a chemical not only at a relevant concentration but also in the environmental form in which it enters the soil environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056421
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and PCR detection of Desulfomonile tiedjei in soil slurry microcosms (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Desulfomonile tiedjei ; soil ; PCR ; reductive dechlorination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to test the feasibility ofintroducing an anaerobic microbial reductivedechlorination activity into non sterile soil slurrymicrocosms by inoculation with the pure anaerobicbacterial strain Desulfomonile tiedjei, which iscapable of dechlorinating 3-chlorobenzoate tobenzoate. To show that the bacterium was establishedin the microcosms we followed the expression of thereductive dechlorination activity and a molecularprobe based on PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA genewas developed. However, the success of PCRamplification of the 16S rDNA gene depends on the DNAextraction and purification methodologies applied, asshown through the use of several protocols. In thisstudy we report a DNA extraction and purificationmethod which generates sufficient and very clean DNAsuitable for PCR amplification of the D. tiedjei16S rDNA gene. The threshold of detection was about5.103 bacteria per gram of soil slurry.Introduction of D. tiedjei in soil slurrymicrocosms proved successful since 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination activity was established with thisbacterium in microcosms normally devoid of thisdechlorination capacity. Indeed, the addition of D. tiedjei to microcosms supplemented with acetateplus formate as cosubstrate, at their respectiveconcentrations of 5 and 6 mM, led to a totalbiotransformation of 2.5 mM of 3-chlorobenzoate within12 days. After complete 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination, the 16S rDNA gene of this bacteriumwas specifically detected only in the inoculatedmicrocosms as shown by PCR amplification followed byrestriction mapping confirmation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008262426800
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of 4-nitrophenol by indigenous microbial populations in Everglades soils (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; bioremediation ; acclimation ; Everglades ; mineralization ; nitrophenol ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Everglades in South Florida are a unique ecologicalsystem. As a result of the widespread use of pesticides andherbicides in agricultural areas upstream from these wetlands,there is a serious potential for pollution problems in theEverglades. The purpose of this study was to evaluate theability of indigenous microbial populations to degradexenobiotic organic compounds introduced by agricultural andother activities. Such biodegradation may facilitate theremediation of contaminated soils and water in the Everglades.The model compound selected in this study is 4-nitrophenol, achemical commonly used in the manufacture of pesticides. Themineralization of 4-nitrophenol at various concentrations wasstudied in soils collected from the Everglades. Atconcentrations of 10 and 100 µg/g soil, considerablemineralization occurred within a week. At a higherconcentration, i.e., 10 mg/g soil, however, no mineralizationof 4-nitrophenol occurred over a 4-month period; such a highconcentration apparently produced an inhibitory effect. Therate and extent of 4-nitrophenol mineralization was enhancedon inoculation with previously isolated nitrophenol-degradingmicroorganisms. The maximum mineralization extent measured,however, was less than 30% suggesting conversion to biomassand/or unidentified intermediate products. These resultsindicate the potential for natural mechanisms to mitigate theadverse effects of xenobiotic pollutants in a complex systemsuch as the Everglades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008285717595
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