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  • 1
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    Adaptive radiation in extremophilic Dorvilleidae (Annelida): diversification of a single colonizer or multiple independent lineages? (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2(8), pp. 1958-1970
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 2
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    Mechanisms defining thermal limits and adaptation in marine ectotherms: an integrative view. (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    In:  EPIC3Antarctic Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World, First Edition, Antarctic Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World, First Edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., pp. 360-396
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMMIGRANT EARNINGS: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia to analyze the determinants of the level and growth in earnings of adult male immigrants in their first 3.5 years in Australia. The theoretical framework is based on the immigrant adjustment model, which incorporates both the transferability of immigrant skills and selectively in migration. The cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses generate similar findings. The level and relative growth of earnings are higher for immigrants with higher levels of skill and who are economic/skills tested migrants, as distinct from family based and refugee migrants. The analysis indicates that immigrant economic assimilation does occur and that in these data the cross-section provides a good estimate of the longitudinal progress of immigrants. The findings are robust across statistical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    WEIGHTED COUNTRY PRODUCT DUMMY VARIABLE REGRESSIONS AND INDEX NUMBER FORMULAE (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article considers a very simple type of hedonic regression model where the only characteristic of a commodity is the commodity itself. This regression model is known as the country product dummy method for calculating country price parities in the context of making international comparisons. The paper considers only the two country or two period case and introduces value or quantity weights into the regression. The resulting measures of overall price change between the two countries or time periods are compared to traditional bilateral index number formulae. It is shown how the Geary Khamis, Walsh and Törnqvist price indexes can be obtained as special cases of this framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00168.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IRELAND's INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There are concerns that the unprecedented economic boom which Ireland experienced in the second half of the 1990s has raised only some living standards and has widened income gaps. This paper analyzes Ireland's income distribution in comparative perspective, to understand how Ireland's distribution changed and how it compares to other rich countries. We begin with OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) data to compare Ireland's degree of well-being and inequality with other advanced countries. We also look in some detail at alternative sources of Irish income and their implications for the trends in income inequality in Ireland from 1994 to 2000. For instance, we examine the top of the distribution using data from the administration of the income tax system. We conclude that the spectacular economic growth in the past decade has seen the gap in average income between Ireland and the richer OECD countries narrow dramatically. However, this growth has not greatly affected the Irish ranking in terms of income inequality. Ireland remains an outlier among rich European nations in its high degree of income inequality, though still falling well short of the level seen in the United States. In the end, we find that Ireland's new-found prosperity provides a “social dividend,” and choices about how it is used will fundamentally affect whether the current high level of income inequality persists into the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00167.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    ICT AND EUROPE's PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE: INDUSTRY-LEVEL GROWTH ACCOUNT COMPARISONS WITH THE UNITED STATES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we present a new industry-level database to analyze sources of growth in four major European countries: France, Germany, Netherlands and the United Kingdom (EU-4), in comparison with the United States for the period 1979–2000. Aggregate labor productivity growth is decomposed into industry-level contributions of labor quality, ICT and non-ICT capital deepening and TFP. A small set of service industries is mainly responsible for the acceleration in ICT capital deepening in both regions, but their contribution to growth is lower in the EU-4 than in the U.S. TFP in these ICT-intensive services accelerated in the U.S. in the 1990s, but not in Europe. In addition, widespread deceleration in non-ICT capital deepening in the EU-4 has led to a European labor productivity slowdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00166.x
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  • 7
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    IN MEMORIAM: SALEM KHAMIS (1919–2005) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00171.x
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  • 8
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    INFLATION INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Different spending patterns across households and differences in price increases across goods and services lead to unequal levels of inflation faced by different households. In this paper we measure the degree of inequality in inflation across U.S. households for the period 1987–2000. The broad picture that emerges from our results is that over our whole sample period there are substantial differences in the inflation experiences across U.S. households. We find that the cost of living increases were generally higher for the elderly, in large part because of their health care expenditures, and that the cost of living of poor households is most sensitive to the, historically large, fluctuations in gasoline prices. Still, when looking at the whole population, we find that individual households that are confronted with high inflation in one year do not generally face high inflation in the subsequent year as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00170.x
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  • 9
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    ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF WEIGHTED COUNTRY-PRODUCT-DUMMY (CPD) METHOD AND THE RAO-SYSTEM FOR MULTILATERAL PRICE COMPARISONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The country-product-dummy (CPD) method, originally proposed in Summers (1973), has recently been revisited in its weighted formulation to handle a variety of data related situations (Rao and Timmer, 2000, 2003; Heravi et al., 2001; Rao, 2001; Aten and Menezes, 2002; Heston and Aten, 2002; Deaton et al., 2004). The CPD method is also increasingly being used in the context of hedonic modelling instead of its original purpose of filling holes in Summers (1973). However, the CPD method is seen, among practitioners, as a black box due to its regression formulation. The main objective of the paper is to establish equivalence of purchasing power parities and international prices derived from the application of the weighted-CPD method with those arising out of the Rao-system for multilateral comparisons. A major implication of this result is that the weighted-CPD method would then be a natural method of aggregation at all levels of aggregation within the context of international comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00169.x
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  • 10
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00172.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    WHY HAVE U.S. HOUSEHOLDS INCREASINGLY RELIED ON MUTUAL FUNDS TO OWN EQUITY? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: U.S. households have increasingly used mutual funds to own equity outside of retirement accounts owing to two developments. The first is a decline in equity mutual fund loads, which are negatively correlated with stock ownership rates, which have doubled owing to greater ownership through mutual funds. The second is improved confidence in future family finances. Both effects are consistent with recent models of equity participation, in which lower asset transfer costs and lower income risk induce equity investing by middle-income households, who—in practice and owing to diversification considerations—are more likely to indirectly hold stocks through mutual funds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00159.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    EFFECTS OF STOCK MARKET FLUCTUATIONS ON THE ADEQUACY OF RETIREMENT WEALTH ACCUMULATION (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the relation between fluctuations in the aggregate value of equities and the adequacy of households’ saving for retirement. Using more recent data than most studies on this topic, we find that many and perhaps most households appear to be saving adequate amounts for retirement, and that there is almost no link between aggregate equity values and the adequacy of retirement saving. A simulated 40 percent decline in stocks has little effect on the adequacy of saving. The substantial growth in equity values and ownership in the 1980s and 1990s did not lead to a surge in the adequacy of retirement saving provisions. The results occur because equity holdings are concentrated among households with significant amounts of other wealth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00160.x
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  • 13
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    ANNUITIZED ASSET ADEQUACY IN JAPAN: THE DEMAND FOR INDIVIDUAL PENSIONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, I analyze the impact of social security wealth, retirement payments, and living expenses during retirement on people's retirement savings in general, and on their individual pension holdings in particular, using micro data from a 1996 Japanese household survey. I confirm a replacement effect of social security on saving for all types of households and on individual pensions for self-employed households only. This suggests that the social security assets of self-employed households are less than their optimal level of annuitized assets and that they would increase their demand for individual pensions if social security benefits were to be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00161.x
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  • 14
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    GROWTH AND CONVERGENCE: A SOCIAL WELFARE FRAMEWORK (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes a social welfare framework in which to analyze the relationships between growth, trends in inequality, mobility, and social welfare. An application of the framework to worldwide and regional data on per capita GDP suggests a lack of convergence at the world level, opposite trends in convergence in various regions of the world, and a fairly low level of mobility or re-ranking between countries over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00162.x
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  • 15
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    LIFE EXPECTANCY AND ECONOMIC WELFARE: THE EXAMPLE OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A formulation for incorporating Life expectancy information into empirical economic welfare calculations is presented. In an application analyzing the economic progress of the African continent during the 1990s due consideration of life expectancy factors substantially modifies the conclusions drawn from standard welfare calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00163.x
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  • 16
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00165.x
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  • 17
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    HOW DO WE THINK ABOUT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND ITS IMPACT ON POVERTY? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00164.x
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  • 18
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    INEQUALITY AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL WELL-BEING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00151.x
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  • 19
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    CONTRADICTORY TRENDS IN GLOBAL INCOME INEQUALITY: A TALE OF TWO BIASES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Did global income inequality rise or fall over the last decades of the twentieth century? The answer depends on how cross-country income comparisons are made. Exchange rate comparisons suggest that inequality rose whilst the purchasing power comparisons of the Penn World Table suggest it fell. We show that both measures of real incomes lead to biased international income comparisons. Exchange rate comparisons ignore the relative price of non-tradables, whilst the fixed price method underlying the Penn World Table is subject to substitution bias. The contradictory trends are due to growing dissimilarity between national price structures increasing the degree of bias in each method. When we correct the income data to eliminate bias we find no compelling evidence of a significant change in world inequality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00152.x
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  • 20
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    USING FUNCTIONINGS TO ESTIMATE EQUIVALENCE SCALES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Equivalence scales are used to enable welfare comparisons across heterogeneous households. In this paper, we propose to use the achievement of a certain level of functioning as the identifying assumption for the derivation of equivalence scales. This will allow us not only to deal with welfare comparisons between households of different size and composition, but will also enable us to incorporate other characteristics (such as location and employment status) in the creation of equivalence scales for welfare comparisons. The paper applies this approach to create equivalence scales for the functioning “shelter” using Belgian and Italian data. The analysis shows that the income differences associated with different characteristics only play a small role in explaining differences in functionings. An important policy message is therefore that compensating people for functioning shortfalls in monetary terms may not be sensible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00154.x
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  • 21
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    INEQUALITY OF WAGE RATES, EARNINGS AND FAMILY INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES, 1975–2002 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes distributional changes over the last quarter of the twentieth century. We focus on four distinct distributions: the distribution of hourly wage rates, the distribution of annual earnings of individuals, the distribution of annual earnings of families, and the distribution of total family income adjusted for family size. Both male wage rate inequality and family income inequality accelerated during the early 1980s, increased at a slower rate through the early 1990s and then stabilized at a high level through the early 2000s. The similarity in the timing of changes in these two distributions has been used as evidence that increased family income inequality primarily reflects increased inequality of wage rates. We show that other important factors were also at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00153.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENTS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00158.x
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  • 23
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    HOW SHOULD WE MEASURE THE “ECONOMIC” ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Human Development Index (HDI) uses GDP per capita to measure “command over resources,” which implicitly makes the strong value judgment that inequality and insecurity do not matter. This paper presents revised estimates of the Index of Economic Well-Being (IEWB) for the United States, the U.K., Canada, Australia, Germany, Norway and Sweden for the period 1980 to 2001 and demonstrates that replacing an index of the log per capita incomes with our IEWB as the “command over resources” component in the Human Development Index (HDI) affects the level and trend of the HDI, even among affluent nations. Because the IEWB recognizes four dimensions of command over resources (Current effective per capita Consumption flows, Net societal Accumulation of stocks of productive resources, Income Distribution and Economic Security), its use has a particularly large impact where underlying trends in these components diverge (e.g. the U.K. or the United States).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00156.x
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    ON THE APPLICATION OF EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is an attempt to translate empirically some of the categorizations of human development reviewed by Alkire (2002). It compares the estimates of human development obtained on the basis of Sen's (1985) capability approach, Narayan et al.'s (2000) dimensions of well-being, Cummins (1996) domains of life satisfaction and Allardt's (1993) comparative Scandinavian welfare study. To obtain these estimates of human development use is made of techniques developed in efficiency analysis, an approach rarely applied to the study of consumption and standards of living (see, however, Lovell et al., 1994). Our database is the British Household Panel Survey. Our findings vindicate the multidimensional approach to human development but show a great empirical resemblance between the four conceptual approaches to well-being.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00155.x
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  • 25
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    MEASURING NON-ECONOMIC WELL-BEING ACHIEVEMENT (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Income per capita and most widely reported, non- or non-exclusively income based human well-being indicators are highly correlated among countries. Yet many countries exhibit higher achievement in the latter than predicted by the former. The reverse is true for many other countries. This paper commences by extracting the inter-country variation in a composite of various widely-reported, non-income-based well-being indices not accounted for by variations in income pre capita. This extraction is interpreted inter alia as a measure of non-economic well-being. The paper then looks at correlations between this extraction and a number of new or less widely-used well-being measures, in an attempt to find the measure that best captures these achievements. A number of indicators are examined, including measures of poverty, inequality, health status, education status, gender bias, empowerment, governance and subjective well-being.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00157.x
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    MEASURING AND INTERPRETING WORLD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 1500–2001 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00143.x
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    FALLING UP THE STAIRS: THE EFFECTS OF “BRACKET CREEP” ON HOUSEHOLD INCOMES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes how inflation-induced erosions of nominally defined amounts built into relevant tax rules (“bracket creep”) alter distributional and revenue-generating properties of income taxes and social insurance contributions. Using a multi-country tax-benefit model, it provides quantitative estimates for Germany, the Netherlands and the U.K. In the absence of automatic inflation adjustment mechanisms, effects on individual tax burdens can be substantial, even with low inflation. Bracket creep is found to reduce tax progressivity. At the same time, overall tax revenues increase. In terms of tax systems’ equalizing capacities, which depend on both these factors, the second effect dominates: if tax systems were left unadjusted then inflation would lead to lower and slightly more equally distributed household incomes. However, existing inflation adjustment regimes in the Netherlands and the U.K. successfully prevent large tax burdens changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00144.x
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    SEQUENTIAL STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE AND THE ROBUSTNESS OF POVERTY ORDERINGS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When comparing poverty across distributions, an analyst must select a poverty line to identify the poor, an equivalence scale to compare individuals from households of different compositions and sizes, and a poverty index to aggregate individual deprivation into an index of total poverty. A different choice of poverty line, poverty index or equivalence scale can of course reverse an initial poverty ordering. This paper develops easily-checked sequential stochastic dominance conditions that throw light on the robustness of poverty comparisons to these important measurement issues. These general conditions extend well-known results to any order of dominance, to the choice of individual versus family based aggregation, and to the estimation of “critical sets” of measurement assumptions. Our theoretical results are briefly illustrated using data for four countries drawn from the Luxembourg Income Study databases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00145.x
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    COMPARING INCOMES WHEN NEEDS DIFFER: EQUIVALIZATION FOR THE EXTRA COSTS OF DISABILITY IN THE U.K. (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Equivalization of incomes for household composition is accepted practice when measuring poverty but other variations in needs are rarely acknowledged. This paper uses data from two U.K. household surveys to quantify the extra costs of living associated with disability. The extra costs of disability are derived by comparing the “standard of living” of households with and without disabled members at a given income, having controlled for other sources of variation. Logit and ordered logit regressions are used to estimate the relationship between a range of standard of living indicators, income, and disability. The extra costs of disability derived are substantial and rise with severity of disability. Unadjusted incomes significantly understate the problem of low income amongst disabled people, and thereby in the population as a whole.
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    ESTIMATING THE INEQUALITY OF HOUSEHOLD INCOMES: A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE CREATION OF A DENSE AND CONSISTENT GLOBAL DATA SET (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The deficiencies of the Deininger and Squire data set on household income inequality are well known to include sparse coverage, problematic measurements, and the combination of diverse data types into a single data set. Yet many studies have relied on this data due to the lack of available alternatives. In this paper we show how the UTIP-UNIDO measures of manufacturing pay inequality can be used, with other information, to estimate measures of household income inequality. We take advantage of the systematic relationship between the UTIP-UNIDO estimates and those of Deininger and Squire. The residuals from this exercise provide a map to problematic observations in the Deininger and Squire data, and the estimated coefficients provide a way to construct a new panel data set of estimated household income inequality. This new data set provides comparable and consistent measurements across space and through time.
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    Indexes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    MEASURING MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF VARIOUS APPROACHES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 51 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper makes a systematic comparison of four approaches to multidimensional poverty analysis based respectively on the theory of fuzzy sets, information theory, efficiency analysis and axiomatic derivations of poverty indices. The database was the 1995 Israeli Census that provided information on the ownership of various durable goods. There appears to be a fair degree of agreement between the various multidimensional poverty indices concerning the identification of the poor households. The four approaches have also shown that poverty decreases with the schooling level of the head of the household, first decreases and then increases with his/her age and with the size of the household. Poverty is higher when the head of the household is single and lower when he/she is married, lowest when the head of the household is Jewish and highest when he/she is Muslim. Poverty is also higher among households whose head immigrated in recent years, does not work or lives in Jerusalem. These observations were made on the basis of logit regressions. This impact on poverty of many of the variables is not very different from the one that is observed when poverty measurement is based only on the income or the total expenditures of the households.
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    Author index (2005)
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK . : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Geophysical prospecting 53 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Editorial: lessons (that should have been) learned (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Bookshelf 2005 (2005)
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: The Emergence of European Trade Unionism Jean-Louis Robert, Antoine Prost and Chris Wrigley (eds) Ashgate, 2004, 254 pp., £49.50 
Reviewed by Ralph Darlington 
University of Salford Complying with Europe: EU Harmonisation and Soft Law in the Member States Gerda Falkner, Oliver Treib, Mirian Hartlapp and Simone Leiber CUP, 2005, 404 pp., £45.00 (hardback), £19.99 (paperback) 
Reviewed by Brian Towers 
University of Nottingham European Integration and Industrial Relations: Multi-level Governance in the Making Paul Marginson and Keith Sisson Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, 360 pp., £60.00 (hardback) 
Reviewed by Tony Royle 
National University of Ireland, Galway The Future of Work in Europe Paul Littlewood, Ignace Glorieux and Ingrid Jonsson (eds) Ashgate, 2004, 262 pp., £45.00 
Reviewed by Paul Teague 
Queen's University, Belfast
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    The influences on women joining and participating in unions (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article brings gender to the centre of concepts used to explore union joining and participation, demonstrating that a gender-sensitive analysis adds to our understanding. Using qualitative data from a study of women in two large male-dominated UK trade unions, the article explores four key influences on women's union joining and participation—family, union, work and feminism. While prior beliefs and values played a role in promoting joining and participation, gendered experiences of unions and the workplace had a more profound influence. Feminism affected the nature of participation in that self-identified feminists were more critical of the masculine character of trade unionism.
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    Exploring the dynamics of industrial relations in US multinationals: evidence from the Republic of Ireland (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While previous work has identified a shift in the host business system which facilitates multinational corporations in their quest to introduce non-union approaches, little or no qualitative data have been brought to bear on this issue. This article presents case-based evidence on the dynamics of this trend in Ireland, focusing specifically on management approaches to collective employee representation as well as providing an exposition of the patterns of trade union recognition and avoidance in evidence.
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    Decentralised bargaining of working time in the German automotive industry (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article addresses the question whether or not the trend towards the decentralisation of collective bargaining on working time in Germany entails a loss in the binding power of industry-level agreements. To this end, both working-time agreements and practices are examined at the firm or establishment level in the automotive industry. Additionally, the article examines the extent to which workplace micro-level changes are reflected in official statistics. The findings indicate that unions and works councils have taken on new roles preventing a widespread erosion of collective regulations.
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    The politics of Europe 2004: solidarity and integration (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The process of European integration has reached the limits of European solidarity—both within the member states and between them. Increasingly, Europeans are demonstrating reluctance to accept common rules, to recognise common values, to protect common interests, or to promote common objectives. Instead, Europeans appear to be expressing many different and yet interrelated forms of disaffection. Voter abstention is high, security cooperation is weak, economic confidence is low, and support for either European enlargement or institutional reform is vanishing. To respond to this crisis, European politicians need to manage expectations better, they need to accept responsibility for public policy problems, they need to explain the limits of what Europe can do, and they need to search for new formulas to meet different national challenges with common European institutions.
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    The Constitution that never was: is there anything worth salvaging from the wreckage? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the aftermath of the rejection of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in referendums in France and the Netherlands this article analyses the complex messages delivered by the voters and evaluates key elements of the Constitution from the perspective of European Union (EU) employment law. On the basis of this evaluation the author seeks to establish whether there is anything worth salvaging from the wreckage of the Constitution and, if so, to identify the main priorities in the area of EU employment law and the means to make progress by amending the Treaties or otherwise.
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    Subject Index: Annual European Review, 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Training standards as a policy option? The regulation of the fitness industry (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines whether the regulation of service work through a ‘licence to practice’ can be effective in raising skill levels and improving the working conditions of employees. Research from the fitness industry on the impact of self-regulation of training standards is used to explore some of the difficulties of this type of policy option.
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    Book reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: The Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives 
J. A. M. Coyle-Shapiro, L. M. Shore, S. M. Taylor and L. E. Tetrick (eds) 
Oxford University Press, 2004, 377 pp., £55.00 
Reviewed by Melanie Simms 
University of Kent International and Comparative Employment Relations: Globalisation and the Developed Market Economies 
Greg J. Bamber, Russell D. Lansbury and Nick Wailes (eds) 
Sage Publications, 2004 (4th edn), 472 pp., £75.00 (hardback), £24.99 (paperback) 
Reviewed by Sarah Pass 
Cardiff University Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies 
William N. Cooke (ed.) 
Quorum, 2003, 433 pp., £48.50 
Reviewed by Trevor Colling 
University of Warwick
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    How to close the gender pay gap in Europe: towards the gender mainstreaming of pay policy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The European Employment Strategy includes a new commitment to a substantial reduction in the gender pay gap in European Union (EU) member states, but progress requires a radical shift away from the traditional policy emphasis on the supply-side deficiencies of women compared with men. Mainstream theory argues that gender inequality is reduced once the pay gap is ‘adjusted’ for differences in individual characteristics (education, experience, etc.). But new empirical studies in many EU member states demonstrate that the work environment—the general wage structure, job and workplace characteristics—shapes gender pay inequality. Given the negative gender impact of trend declines in minimum wages, moves towards more decentralisation of wage-setting and public sector restructuring, the article argues for a holistic, gender mainstreaming approach to pay policy.
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    Book reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: Industrial Relations in Central and Eastern Europe: Transformation and Integration. A Comparison of the Eight New Member States 
Heribert Kohl and Hans-Wolfgang Platzer (eds) 
ETUI, 2004, 422 pp., ‰27.00 Union Organisation and Activity 
John Kelly and Paul Willman (eds) 
Routledge, 2004, xvi + 187 pp., £65.00 (hardback), £25.00 (paperback) Gender, Diversity and Trade Unions 
Fiona Colgan and Sue Ledwith (eds) 
Routledge, 2002, xv + 320 pp., £70.00
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    Union responses to ‘multi-enterprise’ factories in the Italian motor industry (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: During the 1990s, outsourcing work was commonly associated with the weakening of union organisation and the deterioration of pay, working conditions and job security. A variant of outsourcing, termed here as ‘insourcing’, involves a firm purchasing ‘non-core’ functions and services from enterprises located under the same roof. This case study of Fiat outlines the impact of insourcing on traditional arrangements and practices, and analyses the response of Italian local unions. The findings indicate that in the context of ‘bargained compromise’ between trade unions and management in the Italian motor industry insourcing did not have the negative implications for union organisation and employee terms and conditions associated with traditional outsourcing.
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    Benefit Transfer: A Comparison of Approaches (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Benefit transfer has become increasingly important for policy researchers as a low-cost approach for assigning benefits to environmental amenities. To gain insights on how to best perform benefit transfer, this study analyzes estimates from both the travel cost (TC) and contingent valuation (CV) methods. The analysis compared the point estimate approach with the benefit function approach for transferring economic benefits between a study site and a policy site. Data from the 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation for deer hunting was used to provide both the CV willingness-to-pay and the TC consumer surplus estimates. The study found that when focusing on a nonsite-specific activity such as deer hunting, benefits transferred fairly well, with the average error being slightly less than 30 percent for CV estimates and just under 35 percent for TC estimates. In addition, the empirical results suggest that the more precise benefit function approach provide some improvement to the more general point estimate approach, with the CV methods showing moderate gains while the TC method showing only minimal gains. The study also found that the closer the distance between the policy and research sites was, the more the precision of the benefit transfer increased.
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    Thanks to Manuscript Reviewers (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Rural and Urban Differences in Welfare Exits: Minnesota Evidence 1986–1996 (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This article examines differences between rural and urban counties in the duration of welfare spells. We report evidence that suggests that parents from farming-dependent counties and rural counties are more likely to have shorter spells on welfare. The evidence appears consistent with the literature on rural low-income families in that there may be a concentration of low-wage jobs in rural counties. The difference between rural and urban areas is relevant to welfare policy as it pertains to caseload numbers, parents more likely to reach the sixty-month time limit, and parents more likely to trigger time-based policies, such as employment search. The study uses administrative data of Aid to Families With Dependent Children recipients from the state of Minnesota between 1986 and 1996. The methodology includes constructing descriptive statistics, calculating Kaplan-Meier estimates, and performing a Cox regression analysis with robustness checks across all three methods.
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    Technological Diversity and Jacobs’ Externality Hypothesis Revisited (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Recent empirical evidence strongly supports Jacobs's (1969) externality hypothesis that urban diversity provides a more favorable environment for economic development than urban specialization. In order to correctly gauge Jacobs's hypothesis, economic development should be understood as a result of innovations. Furthermore, a relevant diversity measure should take into account the degree of diversity of the inherent classes (e.g. pharmaceuticals are closer to chemicals than to forestry). These ideas are tested using regionally classified Swedish patent application data as a measure of innovativeness. Patent data are also used to reflect technological diversity. The results show that the number of patent applications in Swedish regions is highly and positively dependent on regional technological specialization, quite the opposite of Jacobs's prediction. This paper raises general questions about earlier empirical results. It is concluded that the size of regions is an important factor to consider, since this in itself may affect patenting intensity and technological diversity.
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    Regional Development and Land Use Change in the Rocky Mountain West, 1982-1997 (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Economic and demographic restructuring, along with the increasing desirability of environmental amenities, have driven growth in the eight-state region of the Rocky Mountain West to extraordinary levels in recent decades. While social scientists have developed a solid conceptual understanding of the processes driving growth and change in the region, the broad nature of the land use outcomes associated with in-migration has not received nearly as much scholarly attention. This article initiates an in-depth empirical investigation on the magnitude, nature, and spatial variation of land use change in the Rocky Mountain West over the 1982-1997 time period. Data from the USDA's National Resources Inventory reveals that the conversion of landscapes from rural to urban types of land uses varies significantly from place to place, not only in terms of total land developed, but also with respect to how population pressures and a number of other local characteristics of counties manifest themselves in the spatial pattern of growth.
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    Innovation and Regional Growth in the Enlarged Europe: The Role of Local Innovative Capabilities, Peripherality, and Education (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   In this paper, a formal model for the relationship between innovation and growth in European Union regions is developed drawing upon the theoretical contribution of the systems of innovation approach. The model combines the analytical approach of the regional growth models with the insights of the systemic approach. The cross-sectional analysis, covering all the Enlarged Europe (EU-25) regions (for which data are available), shows that regional innovative activities (for which a specific measure is developed) play a significant role in determining differential regional growth patterns. Furthermore, the model sheds light on how geographical accessibility and human capital accumulation, by shaping the regional system of innovation, interact (in a statistically significant way) with local innovative activities, thus allowing them to be more (or less) effectively translated into economic growth. The paper shows that an increase in innovative effort is not necessarily likely to produce the same effect in all EU-25 regions. Indeed, the empirical analysis suggests that in order to allow innovative efforts in peripheral regions to be as productive as in core areas, they need to be complemented by huge investments in human capital.
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    Innovation and the Growth of Cities (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Innovation and the Growth of Cities
Edited by Zoltan J. Acs, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. 1702. 247 pp. $100.00 (Cloth). ISBN 1-84064-936-4. 
Reviewed by Anneliese Vance 
Department of Geography 
State University of New York
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    Cities, Skills, and Inequality (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   The surge in U.S. wage inequality over the past several decades is now commonly attributed to an increase in the returns paid to skill. Although theories differ with respect to why, specifically, this increase has come about, many agree that it is strongly tied to the increase in the relative supply of skilled (i.e., highly educated) workers in the U.S. labor market. A greater supply of skilled labor, for example, may have induced skill-biased technological change or generated greater stratification of workers by skill across firms or jobs. Given that metropolitan areas in the U.S. have long possessed more educated populations than non-metropolitan areas, these theories suggest that the rise in both the returns to skill and wage inequality should have been particularly pronounced in cities. Evidence from the U.S. Census over the period of 1950 to 1990 supports both implications.
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    The Quality of Education, Educational Institutions, and Cross-Country Differences in Human Capital Accumulation (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Cross-country studies of education and economic prosperity often reach conflicting results when using growth rates as the measure of economic development. However, growth rates lack persistence over time and may not accurately measure long-term economic success over relatively short economic horizons. To overcome this potential specification problem, we estimate the relationship between key education variables and the capital to physical labor ratio. Using both cross-sectional and panel specifications, we find that both the primary-pupil–teacher ratio and decentralized education finance are associated with a larger capital to physical labor ratio. The relationship between human capital and expenditures, private education, and test scores are less robust.
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    Book Reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Family, Household and Work
Edited by Klaus F. Zimmermann and Michael Vogler, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2003. xiv + 427 pp. $99.00/£53.00 (hardcover). ISBN 3-540-00360-6 
Reviewed by John F. Watkins 
Graduate Center for Gerontology 
University of KentuckyThe Global Internet Economy
Edited by Bruce Kogut, Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. 2004. 520 pp. $24.00 (paper) ISBN 0-262-61204-6 
Reviewed by Sharon C. Cobb 
Department of Economics and Geography 
University of North FloridaGlobalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure and Regional Development
Steven P. Erie, Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2004. 336 pp. ISBN 0-804-74681-8 
Reviewed by John Gulick 
Department of Sociology 
University of Tennessee 
KnoxvilleUrban Sprawl in Western Europe and the United States
Edited by Harry W. Richardson and Chang-Hee Christine Bae, England: Ashgate. 2004. 342 pp. $89.95 ISBN 0-7546-3789-1 
Reviewed by Richard P. Greene 
Department of Geography 
Northern Illinois University
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    Solving the Problems of Economic Development Incentives (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This paper reviews the research literature relevant to economic development incentives provided by state and local governments, and recommends reforms in these incentives. I argue that the main problem with current incentive policies is that state and local governments often provide incentives that are not in the best interest of that state or local area, for example that are excessively costly per job created, or that provide jobs that do not improve the job opportunities of local residents. I suggest that reforms should be “bottom-up” rather than “top-down.” Regulation of incentives by the federal government may prevent both desirable and undesirable incentives. “Bottom-up” reforms would include more information on incentive offers, a budget constraint on the volume of incentives, stronger standards for job quality and job accessibility for the local unemployed, and better benefit-cost analyses of incentives.
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    Spillovers and Local Growth Controls: An Alternative Perspective on Suburbanization (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Since the 1970s, many local jurisdictions in politically fragmented metropolitan regions have enacted growth control and management measures to tackle the challenges arising from rapid suburban growth. These locally implemented growth controls have produced spillovers—the spatial shifts of homebuilding and households to nearby localities. Using data for California, this paper investigates the link between growth controls and homebuilding. The results suggest that some of the excess homebuilding can be linked to the presence or absence of growth control measures and thus be attributed to spillover effects. Moreover, generators of spillovers are nearly exclusively located in urban areas along the coast whereas the receptors of spillovers are primarily found at the metropolitan fringes and in peripherally located jurisdictions of the interior.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00274.x
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    Renewing Canada's Manufacturing Economy: A Regional Comparison, 1973-1996 (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Regional economies are continually undergoing adjustment as their firm populations react to changing tastes, technologies, and the challenges of outside competition. Adjustment typically takes place as the stock of jobs is renewed in each industry. This micro-dynamic process of renewal has a substantial impact on the structure of national and regional economies. The primary objective of this paper is to measure the degree of renewal within the Canadian manufacturing economy as whole and within individual provinces. Using a longitudinal micro-data set—which covers the population of manufacturing plants in Canada from 1973 to 1996—the study shows that the manufacturing sector experienced considerable job renewal. Two-thirds of jobs in 1996 were newly created since 1973. There was considerable variation in provincial renewal rates. A decomposition analysis suggests this variation is not purely an artifact of the types of industries found in provinces, but reflects other characteristics of provincial economies.
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    Natural Amenities and Rural Development: Understanding Spatial and Distributional Attributes (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Contemporary resource management practice and rural development planning increasingly emphasize the integration of resource extractive industries with non-market-based recreational and amenity values. There is a growing empirical literature which suggests that natural amenities impact regional economies through aggregate measures of economic performance such as population, income, and/or employment growth, and housing development. We maintain that assessing the developmental aspects of amenity-led regional change requires a more thorough focus on alternative measures of economic performance such as income distribution and spatial organization. In the applied research presented here we investigate relationships between amenities and regional economic development indicators. Results suggest mixed and generally insignificant amenity-based associations which highlight the need for appropriate regional economic modeling techniques that account for often dramatic spatial autocorrelation of natural amenity attributes. We conclude that with respect to amenity driven economic growth and development “place in space” matters.
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    Development Zones, Foreign Investment, and Global City Formation in Shanghai* (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under-studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city-formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world.
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    The Effect of Development Impact Fees on Land Values* (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effect of impact fees on the value of land used in residential development. A random effects model is estimated to examine the relationship between impact fees and land values using forty-three Texas cities that impose impact fees. Prior research suggests that higher impact fees result in higher lot values, and the results of this research support this suggestion. Results indicate that for each $1,000 increase in impact fees, lot values increase by 1.3 percent. Additionally, these results suggest that developers are able to pass a small amount of the impact fee to the owners of developable land. However, for undeveloped land the results are mixed. For each $1,000 in assessed impact fees, undeveloped land values decrease by 0.042 percent. These results support prior evidence that suggests home buyers may ultimately bear the majority of the cost of impact fees.
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    The persistence of social pacts in Europe (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article argues that, despite pessimistic forecasts for their future, social pacts remain a central element of industrial relations across many member states of the European Union. Social pacts provide a mechanism of pragmatic adaptation to the trilemma of reconciling market integration, intergovernmentalism and democratic accountability. In addition, recent developments in the general direction of social dialogue and social pacts, in some of the new member states, indicate a learning process to enable economic catch-up while engaging in institutional innovation. Finally, the article argues that social pacts remain important in ensuring a voice for labour across Europe.
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    From European Union to European Monetary Union: the new member states and accession countries of Central and Eastern Europe in 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The 10 new member states and candidate countries from Central and Eastern Europe have made the institutional reforms embodied in the acquis communautaire, including developing institutions of social dialogue which are supposed to ease the path to entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU). This review assesses the challenges facing the Central and Eastern European countries in achieving the targets set for EMU entry and questions whether the existing institutions of social dialogue will be able to bear the strain of achieving those targets.
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    Gender mainstreaming in the enlarged European Union: recent developments in the European employment strategy and Social Inclusion Process (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The European Union (EU) has an explicit commitment to raise the employment rate for women and to advance gender mainstreaming (GM) and gender equality in both employment and social inclusion policies. In this article we assess developments in the latest round of National Action Plans (NAPs), with particular attention to the situations in the 10 new member states. GM continues to be patchy and inadequate, with a similarly narrow focus in both ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states. After enlargement, the greater diversity of national situations in conjunction with ongoing reforms to EU policy frameworks create new challenges for GM.
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    Cooperative unionism and employee welfare (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using British national survey data, this article assesses the impact of unions on management practices to reduce labour costs, implement high-performance work systems, and make employee welfare provisions. Relative to non-union workplaces, those with unions are found to have practices which are consistent with ‘mutual gains’ outcomes.
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    Women's attitudes towards trade unions in the UK: a consideration of the distinction between full- and part-time workers (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article considers the attitudes and experiences of female full- and part-time workers towards trade unions. Expanding upon previous research it suggests that while the attitudes of full- and part-time workers towards trade unions are similar, experiences of trade unions are not: they depend upon the employment context and work history. A life course perspective is advanced, which examines women's employment contexts and transitions between full- and part-time work in order to further explain female part-timers’ lower likelihood of unionising.
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    Comment on How to close the gender pay gap in Europe by Jill Rubery, Damian Grimshaw and Hugo Figueiredo (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00354.x
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    The decentralisation of employment relations in the British public sector (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this article is to investigate differences between the British public and private sectors in terms of the decentralisation of employment relations. Drawing on data from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, the article arrives at three main conclusions. First, the analysis reveals that while local-level managers in both sectors have similar levels of responsibility for employment relations issues, those in the public sector are, on the whole, significantly less likely to be able to exercise authority. Second, the results indicate some marked variations in practice within the public sector, with managers in education having the greatest level of authority. Finally, the article explores the extent to which differences in local-level authority between the public and private sectors can be explained by higher-level collective bargaining, and the presence of higher-level personnel specialists. These factors have only a partial influence, and do not fully explain why local-level employee relations managers in some areas (notably health) are less able to exercise authority than their counterparts in the private sector.
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    Union recognition and partnership at work: a new legitimacy for Irish trade unions? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the Irish context of national partnership and the promotion of workplace partnership at firm level, unions might be expected to have achieved, at least, a pragmatic acceptance by employers. Using a survey of full-time union officials in eight trade unions organising in the private sector, this paper reports their experiences of recent recognition campaigns. Employer opposition appears to have intensified, and in a substantial percentage of cases has involved the victimisation of activists. In facilitating employees to make a free choice regarding union representation, the Codes of Practice and the Industrial Relations Amendment Act 2001 are regarded by the majority of officials as inadequate. A majority of officials favoured the introduction of a statutory right to recognition. Non-union firms appear as ‘free riders’ that have enjoyed the benefits of national partnership but evaded the compromises and concessions that necessarily characterise such agreements. If left unchecked, the free-rider phenomenon could undermine the institutional framework on which partnership is based.
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    Industrial Location Dynamics (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Industrial Location Dynamics
Edited by Philip McCann, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. 1702. xvii + 372 pp. $125.00 (Cloth). ISBN 1-84064-672-1. 
Reviewed by Roger Hayter 
Simon Fraser University
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    Productivity, International Trade and Reference Area Interactions in Shift-Share Analysis: Some Operational Notes (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   These notes discuss and illustrate two new extensions of shift-share analysis: the productivity and output model and the international trade model. We also review a general limitation of these and other shift-share-type models with respect to the interaction between reference area and the region. A possible solution to this limitation is presented. The new extensions provide better insights about the regional economy but that benefit occurs at a cost. The cost is careful consideration and compensation where relatively large regions or sectors are central to the shift-share assessment. The extensions are important in addressing earlier problems with the shift-share approach. Our solution to shift-share limitation on reference area interaction is vital if the method is to be extended to these multiple environments.
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    No “Greek-Letter Writing”: Local Models of Resource Economies (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   In trying to understand resource economies, the article develops the idea of local models. A local model, in contrast to a universal model, is sensitive to the peculiarities of geographical context. Those peculiarities, rather than being reduced to some higher order of logic as in universal models, are kept intact, forming the very basis of understanding. Our approach to local modeling draws specifically on institutional economics. That tradition makes the argument that the economy is shaped by various institutions (not all of which are economic), which are continually changing and which take on different constellations in different places. By setting out a grid of central institutions operating in resource economies, and comparatively using the examples of the forest economies of British Columbia, Canada, North Island, New Zealand, and Tasmania, Australia, the article constructs three local models. Each has the same constituent elements, but how they are related and what eventuates are peculiar to the specific region.
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    The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Industry Structure of Landfills (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Over the past twenty years, the environmental regulation of landfills has become increasingly restrictive both at the federal and state levels. Using a panel dataset of Ohio landfills, we developed a theoretical framework to explain the landfill operators’ responses to regulatory actions, and then estimate an empirical model of changes in industry structure. Because not all Ohio counties have landfill operations, we hypothesize that there is self-selection in the location of landfills, which is accounted for with an appropriate econometric model. The study finds that environmental regulations had significant impact both on the location of landfill operations and concentration of the industry during the time period studied.
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    A Note on Localization and Specialization (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Analysts and policy makers frequently measure industrial localization and regional specialization. However, they rarely examine the nation's full array of industries or regions. So local indices, appropriate for specific industries or selected regions, are typically estimated. But in some instances global indices would be preferable in order to assess the wider features of the entire space-economy. This article constructs global indices from the local indices already used in assessing localization and specialization. Global localization and global specialization are shown to be identical when all local indices use the dissimilarity logic. Two-digit standard industry codes manufacturing data, taken from the U.S. during 1958–1995, are used to illustrate the results. The values of these global coefficients, like their local constituents, are shown to vary with geographic scale. The discussion addresses spatial distributions (evenness) but not geographic arrangements (clustering).
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    Multinational Firms’ Location and the New Economic Geography (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Multinational Firms’ Location and the New Economic Geography
Edited by Jean-Louis Mucchielli and Thierry Mayer, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. 1704. xii + 238 pp. $100.00 (Cloth). ISBN 1-84376-654-X. 
Reviewed by Nicholas A. Phelps 
School of Geography, University of Southampton
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    The Porter Hypothesis and the Economic Consequences of Environmental Regulation, A Neo-Schumpetarian Approach (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Porter Hypothesis and the Economic Consequences of Environmental Regulation, A Neo-Schumpetarian Approach
Edited by Thomas Roediger-Schluga, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. 1704. 349 pp. $115.00 (Cloth). ISBN 1-84376-644-247. 
Reviewed by Cees Withagen 
Department of Spatial Economics 
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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    Index to Volume 36 (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    The Firm as Social Networks: An Organisational Perspective (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This paper offers an organizational perspective on the firm in new economic geographies. It starts with the premise of the firm as a production function in neoclassical economics and a cost minimisation device in transaction cost economics. By pointing out the inadequacy in these mainstream economic perspectives on the firm, I draw upon recent behavioral and managerial theories to develop a relational conception of the firm as social networks in which actors are embedded in ongoing power relations and discursive processes. In further elaborating this relational perspective on the firm as an organisational device, I show how the firm is governed through social relations among different actors, how it is a site of contested ideologies and political representations among these actors, and how space and geographical scales matter in shaping its social construction. Taken together, this organisational perspective aims to shift our research agenda in urban and regional development from promoting the growth of the firm per se to understanding how the firm serves as a relational institution that connects spatially differentiated actors in different places and regions.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: EUROPEAN REGIONAL GROWTH.Edited by Bernard Fingleton. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. 2003. viii + 435 pp. ISBN 3-540-00366-5.RURAL PROGRESS, RURAL DECAY; NEOLIBERAL ADJUSTMENT POLICIESAND LOCAL INITIATIVES.Edited by Lisa L. North and John D. Cameron. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press. July 2003. xx + 288pp; ISBN 1-56549-171-8 (cloth) $65, 1-56549-170-X (paper) $25.95.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00270.x
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    An Urban Approach to Firm Entry: The Effect of Urban Size (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This article explores the determinants of firm entry in Spanish municipalities. The authors consider that size is an important determinant of a city's capacity to attract new manufacturing firms. Panel data were used to estimate the determinants of entry according to urban size in Spain (from 1994 to 1702). This article contributes to the literature on market entry because most previous contributions have focused on regional factors rather than urban ones. The results show that local characteristics affect the formation of new firms. However, more local data are needed to obtain more specific results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00292.x
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  • 83
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    Book Reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Earthly Politics: Localand Globalin Environmental Governance
Edited by Sheila Jasanoff and Marybeth Long Martello, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004. x + 356 pp. $27.00 (paperback). ISBN 0-262-60059-5 
Reviewed by Dean M. Hanink 
Department of Geography 
University of ConnecticutRoy, John R. Spatial Interaction Modelling: A Regional Science Context
Series: Advances in Spatial Science, Springer. 2004, X, 239 p. 7 illus., ISBN: 3-540-20528-4 
Reviewed by Morton E. O’Kelly 
Department of Geography 
The Ohio State UniversityAnthony Downs, ed. 2004. Growth Managementand Affordable Housing: Do They Conflict? Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 290 pp. ISBN 0-1857-19337. 
Reviewed by Michael L. Lahr 
Associate Research Professor 
Center for Urban Policy Research 
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00278.x
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    The New Retail Economy of Shanghai (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   As Shanghai strives to build itself into an international center of finance, trade, and commerce, a new retail economy has evolved accordingly. In the past two decades, its retail sector has been transformed from a simple and inefficient distribution system to a much more complex and highly competitive market-oriented economy. The new retail economy in many ways resembles the contemporary capitalist retail economy in the Western cities, but it also exhibits significant differences with Chinese characteristics. While the affluent consumer market is the necessary condition for sustained retail growth, it is the retail deregulation that has been the fundamental driving force for the structural changes in Shanghai's retail sector. Its liberal policies attracted major international retailers to either choose Shanghai as the gateway city to enter the China market, or locate their China headquarters offices in Shanghai to command their operations throughout the country. Indeed, the retail transformation in post-reform Shanghai is a clear testimony of the Economic Transition Model. The main data sources for this empirical study are the 1999 Census of Commercial Activity in Shanghai and the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook. They are supplemented by data collected from reputable Web sites and through field work in Shanghai.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00266.x
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  • 85
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    The Territorial Agglomerations of Firms: A Social Capital Perspective from the Spanish Tile Industry (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Using the Social Capital theoretical framework, territorial agglomerations of firms, such as in the industrial district, can be identified as dense strong-tie networks and are thus suitable for exploiting activities. This paper addresses the possible exploring limitations of these clustered firms. Following alternative explanations, such as the structural holes and weak tie approaches, it is proposed that local institutions may play a role as intermediary agents between external disperse networks and internal dense networks, therefore enabling these firms to deal with the requirements of an ever-changing environment. The paper also develops an empirical section where the Spanish ceramic tile industrial district is described in order to illustrate theoretical arguments. Findings suggested a number of ways in which local institutions may facilitate the creation of value for firms. Particularly, local institutions interact with many external firms and institutions and undertake research projects with local firms. In addition, some quantification of the participation of firms in the activities carried out by institutions is offered, suggesting explanations for the barriers that prevent firms from gaining direct access to external networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00267.x
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  • 86
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    Residential Property Values and Community Right-to-Know Laws: Has the Toxics Release Inventory Had an Impact? (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   This paper uses a cross-sectional hedonic pricing model to investigate the relationship between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data releases and the prices of single-family residences within postal zip code areas situated in Omaha, Nebraska's Douglas County. The model employs demographic data from the 2000 Census, toxic chemical release data for the year 2000 from the EPA's TRI database, as well as other pollution variables for each of the zip code areas comprising Douglas County. The model also employs house-specific data supplied by the Douglas County Assessor's Office on dwelling characteristics for homes sold in Douglas County in the year 2000. The findings indicate that, when controlling for relevant socioeconomic variables, TRI pollutant releases are significant determinants of residential housing values. The results should be of interest to anyone in the real estate industry, including tax assessors, appraisers, mortgage lenders, and property owners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00269.x
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  • 87
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    A Note on Small Business Survival Rates in Rural Areas: The Case of Washington State (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Using Washington State Department of Revenue and Employment Security Department data, this article uses non-parametric duration analysis to examine the nine-year time path of rural firm survival and hazard rates. The focus is on a cohort of rural firms that started operations in 1992; the cohort is followed up to the year 2000. Survival rates are estimated by using standard non-parametric (life-table) duration analysis. Using straightforward statistical tests, the study finds evidence that survival rates are statistically higher for firms that start as employers and for firms in the natural resource and service-based sectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2005.00284.x
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  • 88
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    GROWTH AND CHANGE (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0017-4815.2005.00271.x
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  • 89
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    Transaction Costs, Agglomeration Economies, and Industrial Location (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Growth and change 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes:   Following an outline of the different types of agglomeration economy, consideration is given to transaction costs. Transaction costs may have a definite spatial dimension because institutional, commercial, cultural, and language characteristics are differentiated across the geographic space separating market agents. The concept of transaction space is introduced to represent the spatial differentiation of these characteristics, and this concept is used to cast light on how space can contribute to coordination and agency problems that raise transaction costs. Contractual agreements that are rearranged, so as to span a less heterogeneous transaction space, permit the reduction of transaction costs. Agglomeration can then be interpreted as an alternative to hierarchical structures within firms in economizing on transaction costs. The paper concludes with illustrations of how this framework may help to understand the spatial implications of corporate restructuring and new information technologies.
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  • 90
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    The Americanisation of the European business system? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the impact of contemporary business practices within the American business system on established patterns of industrial relations (IR) management in European subsidiaries of US multinationals, specifically how established firm-level settlements for the management of IR may or may not combine with host-country effects to constrain such innovations. The empirical material leads us to evaluate subsidiaries of US multinationals as a contingent factor indicating that institutional effects at the level of the national business system are likely to be more embedded than the effects of ownership on employment and IR at firm level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00379.x
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  • 91
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    The impact of (more) enlargement on the European Employment Strategy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The European Union (EU) aspires to be the most competitive, full employment economy in the world and has set a number of ambitious targets to be met by 2010 in order that it can achieve this goal. At the same time, it is pursuing an enlargement policy that will witness the accession of an increasing number of less developed nations. This article explores some of the tensions that exist between these two goals as these are manifest in labour market indicators and finds the likelihood of meeting the deadline set for success remote.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00377.x
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  • 92
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    Trade unions and the defence of the European social model (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Taking as its point of departure the challenges faced by the European social model and the role of trade unions therein, this article identifies aspects of the defensive orientation adopted by trade unionists in Europe and points to an emerging contradiction between the support of trade unionists for European integration and the increasingly neoliberal character of policies intended to ‘modernise’ the European economy. Examination of trade union policy innovations intended to reverse recent declines in membership and influence reveals the breadth of such policies, but also demonstrates that to date they have proved insufficient to reverse decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00380.x
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    Index to Volume 36, 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00386.x
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  • 94
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    A reply to comments by John Forth and Hilary Metcalf and by Wiemer Salverda (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00368.x
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  • 95
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    The challenging but promising future of industrial relations: developing theory and method in context-sensitive research (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Industrial relations (IR) in the UK are often seen as being in a state of some disarray. Yet analytical advances can also be detected. This article takes one part of IR, context-sensitive research, to suggest ways of building on such advances. Its focus is the intellectual core of the subject, and not its institutional position. The particular route identified is to link IR to the programme of critical realism and thereby to make methodological progress and strengthen links with social science. Policy relevance may also be enhanced. Whether IR's possibilities are realised remains uncertain, and whether an intellectual programme leads to institutional advance is even harder to predict.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00358.x
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  • 96
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    Pacts for employment and competitiveness in Germany (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Pacts for employment and competitiveness (PECs) in Germany reflect a process of organised decentralisation, delegating additional rights and responsibilities for industrial relations agreements to the plant level. PECs are now used by both struggling and prosperous firms. An analysis of the content of recent agreements shows that the economic situation of the firm has a significant impact on changes agreed at the firm level. Changes in working time are associated with the demand for the products and services of a firm while financial concessions by employees are more common in firms with weak profits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2005.00355.x
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  • 97
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    Book reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Carol Boyd. Human Resource Management and Occupational Health and Safety.
Reviewed by Geraldine Healy 
Queen Mary, University of LondonAnru Lee. In the Name of Harmony and Prosperity: Labor and Gender Politics in Taiwan's Economic Restructuring.
Reviewed by Peter Ross 
University of Economics Prague, Griffith University, AustraliaMarek Korczynski. Human Resource Management in Service Work.
Reviewed by Joe Wallace 
University of LimerickJane Parker. Women's Groups and Equality in British Trade Unions.
Reviewed by Moira Calveley 
University of Hertfordshire
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    Employment Transitions after Motherhood in Spain (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Labour 19 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  This paper investigates transitions from employment to non-employment and downward occupational mobility after motherhood in Spain. Around 40 per cent of Spanish women who were at work 1 year before childbearing leave employment, most permanently, and one-third of these exits move to unemployment. The probability of staying on at work after birth is reduced with the rise of fixed-term contracts and increased with experience and level of education. Downward occupational mobility is not common amongst women remaining employed since they do not switch to part-time jobs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00313.x
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  • 99
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    New Mothers’ Employment and Public Policy in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Labour 19 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  This paper investigates the link between family-friendly policies and women's employment after birth of the first child in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan in the 1980s and the 1990s. Our econometric analyses use household panel data from each of the five countries: BHPS, GSOEP, OSA, HUS, and JPSC, respectively. Public policies that facilitate the combination of motherhood and paid employment offer an effective means in increasing the participation rate of first-time mothers. The results also indicate that the availability and stimulation of good-quality part-time employment can provide additional, strong incentives for new mothers to enter active employment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00322.x
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    Matching across Space: Evidence from Finland (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Labour 19 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  This paper takes a matching approach to local labour markets in Finland. The monthly data comprise 120 Local Labour Office areas over a 12 year period between January 1991 and August 2002. The basic matching function is extended to account for spatial spillovers across borders. The role of population density in the matching process is also examined. According to the results, there is a congestion effect among job seekers in the local labour markets, which is further strengthened by spatial spillovers. The results also indicate that job seekers from neighbouring areas cause additional heterogeneity in the matching process in densely populated areas, which decreases the matching efficiency in these areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00320.x
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