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  • Articles  (709)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (709)
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd.  (709)
  • Economics  (709)
  • Sociology  (33)
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  • Articles  (709)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (709)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All in All, it’s Just Another Plaque on the Wall: The Incidence and Impact of the Investors in People Standard* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Investors in People Standard was introduced in 1991 in order to provide a national benchmark of training and development activity. This article, using data from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey (Department for Trade and Industry, 1999), conducts five tests with regard to the incidence and impact of the Standard. The first test evaluates the types of workplace that have secured accreditation. The second and third tests compare the nature of training practice in accredited and non-accredited workplaces, based on data from the WERS 98 main management survey and also the survey of employees. The fourth test evaluates the proportion of workplaces that have secured accreditation, yet are failing to engage in good practice. The final test evaluates the characteristics of workplaces that fall into this latter category. The results demonstrate considerable variation between different types of workplace with regard to the likelihood of accreditation having been secured. They also demonstrate that, on average, training practice is better in accredited workplaces than in non-accredited workplaces, but a large minority of accredited workplaces are failing to engage in good practice. Among workplaces that have accreditation, smaller workplaces stand out in particular as failing to engage in good training practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00350
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reviewers for the Special Edition (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure and Significance of Strategic Episodes: Social Systems Theory and the Routine Practices of Strategic Change (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic Practices: An Activity Theory Perspective on Continuity and Change (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: abstract  This paper draws upon activity theory to analyse an empirical investigation of the micro practices of strategy in three UK universities. Activity theory provides a framework of four interactive components from which strategy emerges; the collective structures of the organization, the primary actors, in this research conceptualized as the top management team (TMT), the practical activities in which they interact and the strategic practices through which interaction is conducted. Using this framework, the paper focuses specifically on the formal strategic practices involved in direction setting, resource allocation, and monitoring and control. These strategic practices are associated with continuity of strategic activity in one case study but are involved in the reinterpretation and change of strategic activity in the other two cases. We model this finding into activity theory-based typologies of the cases that illustrate the way that practices either distribute shared interpretations or mediate between contested interpretations of strategic activity. The typologies explain the relationships between strategic practices and continuity and change of strategy as practice. The paper concludes by linking activity theory to wider change literatures to illustrate its potential as an integrative methodological framework for examining the subjective and emergent processes through which strategic activity is constructed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three Responses to the Methodological Challenges of Studying Strategizing* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy Creation in the Periphery: Inductive Versus Deductive Strategy Making* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: abstract  Although strategy process research has provided careful and in-depth descriptions and examinations of strategy, micro-level processes and activities have been less commonly evaluated, especially as regards strategy creation and development. This paper examines how managers create and develop strategy in practice. A dual longitudinal case methodology, including a single in-depth study combined with a multiple retrospective study is used, involving four multinational companies. The findings show a twofold character of strategy creation, including fundamental different strategy activities in the periphery and centre, reflecting their diverse location and social embeddedness. Strategy making in the periphery was inductive, including externally oriented and exploratory strategy activities like trial and error, informal noticing, experiments and the use of heuristics. In contrast, strategy making in the centre was more deductive involving an industry and exploitation focus, and activities like planning, analysis, formal intelligence and the use of standard routines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategizing as Lived Experience and Strategists’ Everyday Efforts to Shape Strategic Direction* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark: Understanding Failure in Organizational Strategizing* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-2-00006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guest Editors’ Introduction (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: abstract  This introductory paper provides a background to the origins, themes and papers of this Special Issue on Micro Strategy and Strategizing. Our overarching argument is that, while the field of strategy has traditionally concentrated on the macro-level of organizations, it needs now to attend to much more micro-level phenomena. We propose an activity-based view of strategy that focuses on the detailed processes and practices which constitute the day-to-day activities of organizational life and which relate to strategic outcomes. The paper develops this view by considering two bodies of theory, those of the resource based view and institutionalism; two bodies of empirical work, those on corporate diversification and structure; and finally the process tradition of strategy research. The paper identifies the benefits of the activity-based view and introduces some challenges for further research. It concludes by introducing the papers in this Special Issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-2-00002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Micro-Strategies in the Engineering of Firm Evolution* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: abstract This paper proposes a model of strategic evolution as a sequence of intentional recombinations of a company's Core Micro-strategy with new resources and organizational routines. A Core Micro-strategy is defined here as the established system of interconnected routines, micro-activities and resources that can be traced through most of a company's strategic initiatives. The paper is based on two comparative case studies and on theories of evolution in social and cultural systems, intraorganizational ecology and the resource-based view of the firm. The resulting model advances the existing literature on strategy evolution by (1) incorporating a more direct and salient role of managerial leadership within processes of strategic evolution, (2) incorporating a central role for micro-level processes through which management can directly and intentionally shape strategic evolution, and (3) proposing recent developments in the resource-based view of the firm as a suitable theoretical framework with which to explain the processes in which strategic evolution is rooted. The model also contributes to the dynamic capabilities perspective by offering a microprocessual interpretation of their workings. The resulting view of dynamic capabilities suggests that they operate more through repeated recombination patterns of stable organizational factors, than through disruption of existing practices. The paper describes the empirical evidence which emerges from analysis of the two case studies; the two descriptive models of strategy evolution inductively built on the cases; the theoretical model resulting from cross-case analysis and iteration between the two grounded models and theoretical frameworks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-2-00005
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time and Economic Well–Being—A Panel Analysis of Desired versus Actual Working Hours (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Individual well–being has its resources by income and time. Though income traditionally is on the focuses of well–being analyses, the connected time dimension is often neglected. One important dimension of individual welfare regarding time and income is the possibility to harmonize desired with actual working hours connected with the income dimension. This paper will analyze this working hour tension by a ten year panel analysis for Germany. Besides descriptive measures of the subjective tension over a decade from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s, the panel econometric analyses will quantify personal and household influences in explaining the working hour tension as one further important economic well–being measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00057
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Index of Economic Well–Being for Selected OECD Countries (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is a poor indicator of economic well–being. It measures effective consumption poorly (ignoring the value of leisure and of longer life spans) and it also ignores the value of accumulation for the benefit of future generations. Since incomes are uncertain and unequally distributed, the average also does not indicate the likelihood that any particular individual will share in prosperity or the degree of anxiety and insecurity with which individuals contemplate their futures. We argue that a better index of economic well–being should consider: current effective per capita consumption flows; net societal accumulation of stocks of productive resources; income distribution; and economic security. The paper develops such an index of economic well–being for the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, Norway and Sweden for the period 1980 to 1999. It compares trends in economic well–being to trends in GDP per person. In every case, growth in economic well–being was less than growth in GDP per capita, although to different degrees in different countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00056
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Mobility in Offsetting Inequality: A Nonparametric Exploration of the CPS (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores how annual earnings mobility offsets annual earnings inequality, using matched CPS data. Mobility in the economy is estimated using nonparametric quantile regression, for which we adapt state–of–the–art smoothing techniques. Mobility is measured through the churning process (changes in earnings given initial earnings) in order to identify different mobility patterns for different earnings groups. For instance, upward mobility in high earners is far weaker than its converse, downward mobility for low earners. We assess the (positive or negative) contribution to offsetting of each pattern in mobility. Innovations in our approach also allow us to identify trends and minute changes in mobility, and to pinpoint which changes in mobility have offset the increases in inequality observed over the decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00058
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The German Unemployment Compensation System: Effects On Aggregate Savings And Wealth Distribution (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The effects of the German unemployment compensation system on aggregate savings and the distribution of wealth are studied in a general equilibrium 60–period OLG model. The distribution of wealth is derived as an endogenous function of the parameters characterizing the unemployment compensation system, which comprises unemployment insurance (Arbeitslosengeld), unemployment assistance (Arbeitslosenhilfe), and welfare payments (Sozialhilfe), the latter two being subject to a means test. As our main results: (i) both aggregate savings and wealth equality are a monotone decreasing function of unemployment benefits; (ii) optimal unemployment compensation declines over the spell of unemployment; (iii) asset–based means tests are shown to reduce welfare if the allowable wealth level is below the average wealth in the economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00059
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Education and Income Inequality: New Evidence From Cross-Country Data (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents empirical evidence on how education is related to income distribution in a panel data set covering a broad range of countries for the period between 1960 and 1990. The findings indicate that educational factors—higher educational attainment and more equal distribution of education —play a significant role in making income distribution more equal. The results also confirm the Kuznets inverted–U curve for the relationship between income level and income inequality. We also find that government social expenditure contributes to more equal distribution of income. However, a significant proportion of cross–country variation in income inequality remains unexplained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00060
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clocking the Progress in Time Use Research (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Joachim Merz and Manfred Ehling (eds.), Time Use –Research, Data and Policy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00062
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picking the Poor: Indicators for Geographic Targeting in Peru (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Geographic targeting is perhaps the most popular mechanism used to direct social programs to the poor in Latin America. This paper empirically compares geographic targeting indicators available in Peru. To this effect, I combine household–level information from the 1997 Peru Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and district–level information from the 1993 Peru Population and Housing Census. I then conduct a series of simulations which estimate leakage rates, concentration curves, the impact of transfers on poverty as measured by the headcount index, poverty gap and P2 measures of the FGT family, and non–parametric (kernel) densities when transfers are based on alternative indicators. I conclude that there is substantial potential for geographic targeting in Peru. However, the differences in outcomes across geographic targeting indicators are small, and are not statistically significant. These results are in keeping with earlier work which suggests that (among reasonable alternatives) the choice of geographic targeting indicator does not have an important bearing on poverty outcomes, and are at odds with more recent research which stresses the advantage of poverty maps which “impute” consumption or income.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00061
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge, Market Structure, and Economic Coordination: Dynamics of Industrial Districts (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The industrial rise of the Third Italy has been characterized by the growth of dynamic networks of flexible small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) that are spatially concentrated in specialized industrial districts. This network type of coordination has been associated with horizontal, trust–based relations rather than vertical relations of power and dependency between local organizations. This would lower transaction costs (essential for local systems with an extreme division of labor), facilitate the transmission and exchange of (tacit) knowledge (and thus, learning and innovation), encourage cooperation mechanisms (such as the establishment of research centers), and stimulate political–institutional performance (e.g. through regulation of potential social conflicts).From an evolutionary perspective, the focus is on the dynamics of industrial districts drawing from current experiences in Italy. In this respect, this paper concentrates on two main features of industrial districts that have largely contributed to their economic success in the past, that is, their network organization and the collective learning process. The evolution of industrial districts is described in terms of organizational adjustments to structural change. The way in which the size distribution of firms has changed is discussed (in particular the role of large companies), how the (power) relationships between local organizations have evolved, what are the current sources and mechanisms of learning, and to what extent institutional lock–in has set in. Finally, a number of trajectories districts may go through in the near future are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00192
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How States Augment the Capabilities of Technology–Pioneering Firms (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State governments offer a variety of programs to assist technology intensive entrepreneurial firms yet there is a limited understanding of how firms use these programs. This paper provides a framework for categorizing state technology programs and uses detailed case studies to examine how these programs augment firms’ capabilities. It is concluded that firms made extensive use of state programs that provide access to university intellectual property and research facilities. In addition, firms participated in programs that provided incentives for faculty to conduct joint research with industry. Finally, state venture capital programs, though small relative to federal R&D grants or venture capital, appear to nurture firms’ development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00186
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Structure, Industrialization and Rural Development: An Evolutionary Interpretation of the Italian Experience (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes an evolutionary reading of rural development referred to cases of rapid industrial growth, where a strong concentration process has involved the main urban centers and the successful industrial districts. This territorial development pattern has gradually extinguished rural society and its institutional basis, creating a clear separation between new central and peripheral areas. The consequent effects on local economy and social dynamics reveal the long-term risks raised in terms of development sustainability. An empirical study of two Italian provinces is also carried out to show how this framework can be helpful in interpreting real historical patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00178
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Regional Disparities in Mexico (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: After a long period of industrialization based on import substitution (ISI), Mexico started to open up its economy by accessing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986. The export-promotion strategy was transformed into one of regional integration with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The paper explores the impact of the opening of the economy on regional disparities in Mexico using σ and β-convergence analyses. Four different samples have been employed to control for possible data bias linked to the inclusion of oil-producing and maquiladora-based states. The results show that whereas the final stages of the ISI period were dominated by convergence trends, trade liberalization (GATT) and economic integration (NAFTA) have led to divergence. In particular, the NAFTA period is related to divergence regardless of the type of analysis chosen and the sample used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00180
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Returning and New Montana Migrants: Socio-economic and Motivational Differences [This paper] (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines return migrants and new migrants to Montana: Who are they? Why do they move? Do return migrants move for different reasons than new migrants? Data from the 1994–1997 Montana Poll, a representative survey of Montana households, are used. A comparison of socio-economic differences of return and new migrants shows that the two migrant types are very similar in terms of education, income, and age. This stands in contrast to the findings of others who maintain that return migrants are negatively selected with respect to education. Logistic regressions were employed to identify the effect of age and place ties on reasons for moving. Return migrants and new migrants move to Montana for very similar reasons, with family being the most important primary reason for moving. Moving for lifestyle reasons, such as environmental quality and urban amenities, were found to systematically change with age. This could explain why people return to a place they left earlier in life. While other research on return migration compared return migrants and other migrants who left the same place of origin, this paper offers a comparison of return migrants and other migrants who seek out the same destination. Results from the Montana Poll suggest that the same destination attracts return migrants and new migrants with similar socio-economic characteristics who move there for very similar reasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00283.x
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  • 23
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    Regional Differences in the Competitive Characteristics of U.S. Machine Tool Companies (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The U.S. machine tool (MT) sector has undergone substantial restructuring over the past three decades. Despite signs of a commercial rebound in recent years, however, a number of critical issues remain for this industry. Not all firms share these concerns, in that differences exist between producers located in the core manufacturing belt and those located elsewhere. This paper examines the characteristics, competitive problems, and markets of firms located in these two regions. Survey data from a sample of 104 machine tool companies reveal that significant core–periphery differences exist with regard to firm–specific difficulties and markets served. The data also show that firms in the periphery have been growing significantly faster than firms in the core. The paper concludes with a discussion of the likely reasons for regional variability in the characteristics of firms in this industry. Directions for future research are also suggested, notably with regard to the interplay between national regulatory conditions and the competitive performance of MT firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00191
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  • 24
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    The Location and Suburbanization of Business and Professional Services in the Atlanta Area (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Despite an increase of 200,000 jobs in business and professional services in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 1982 and 1997, the central city saw employment as a percentage of these services drop by approximately 20 percent. Most growth occurred in the northern suburbs, resulting in a dispersed distribution of business and professional services in Atlanta. To understand the spatial distribution and suburbanization of business and professional services in Atlanta, regression analysis was carried out for 1982 and 1992. Flexible female workers, corporate headquarters, well –educated professionals, and highway access turned out to be important location determinants, with the latter two being increasingly responsible for the suburbanization of business and professional services.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00194
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  • 25
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    Fragmentation and Sprawl: Evidence from Interregional Analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent years have witnessed widespread expansion of state and regional planning programs in the United States. A major purpose of these efforts is to reduce urban sprawl—low density, discontinuous, suburban–style development, often characterized as the result of rapid, unplanned, and/or uncoordinated growth— by promoting jurisdictional cooperation and regulatory consistency across metropolitan areas. This paper evaluates the efficacy of this approach by examining the relationship between governmental fragmentation and several measurable outcomes of urban development: density, urbanized land area, property value, and public expenditures on infrastructure. The four dimensions are modeled in a simultaneous equations framework, providing substantive evidence on how fragmentation and other exogenous factors affect metropolitan growth patterns. Fragmentation is associated with lower densities and higher property values, but has no direct effect on public service expenditures; less fragmented metropolitan areas occupy greater amounts of land due to the extensive annexation needed to bring new development under the control of a central municipality. The findings of the analysis lend support to state and regional planning efforts aimed at increasing cooperation among local governments, but also suggest that further research is needed in order to evaluate whether or not they produce their intended effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00193
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    Estimating the Refugee Population from PUMS Data: Issues and Demographic Implications (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Discussions of immigration, settlement and adjustment within the U.S. do not typically refer to immigrant status (i.e., refugee versus family preference), and instead refer to the foreign–born population as an aggregate. Distinguishing between refugees and other immigrant arrivals likely means differences with respect to their geographic distribution and embodied human capital owing to differences associated with the reasons for immigration (forced versus voluntary), period of arrival, and immigration policy. The lack of differentiation by group within the existing literature is typically due to a shortfall of detailed information relating to admission status within publicly released data files. Yet concrete knowledge of differences by admission category is important in understanding overall patterns of settlement and adjustment within the foreign–born population. This paper therefore explores potential differences with respect to settlement and endowed human capital between immigrants and refugees. Identification of the major sources of refugees within Immigration and Naturalization Service data files allows the refugee population to be identified within the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), therefore increasing the range of variables and measures associated with the refugee population available to researchers, and points to the diversity of the refugee population.
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    Small–Scale Entrepreneurship and Access to Capital in Peripheral Locations: An Empirical Analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of a public assistance program for small–scale entrepreneurship in peripheral areas. Public assistance compensates for market inefficiencies where the decision rules of financial institutions discriminate against otherwise viable small firms in capital markets. Lending institutions perceive high risk in providing debt capital when little information is present. Using empirical data from Israel, the determinants of this risk are estimated and the role of location in creating this information asymmetry is stressed. These results empirically establish that (1) location matters in determining the risk profile of the firm, (2) locationally targeted programs can reduce the information asymmetries that make peripheral firms unattractive to lenders, and (3) these programs can also generate positive welfare effects. Finally, there is speculation on the potential role of ICT (information and communications technology) in increasing the visibility of small firms in remote locations and creating a more symmetrical flow of information.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00187
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    Motivations and Performance Conditions for Ethnic Entrepreneurship (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular concept in a modern multi–cultural society. This paper seeks to offer an overview of the potential of ethnic entrepreneurship for solving inter alia the structural unemployment problems of ethnic groups in cities. There is a general lack of empirical evidence on this issue in the current literature. The present paper aims to fill this gap by addressing in particular the critical success conditions for ethnic entrepreneurs. The focus of the research is on variations in success across three ethnic groups in the Amsterdam area. By means of structured personal interviews with many ethnic entrepreneurs, a systematic qualitative data base was created. The paper sets out to identify empirically the driving forces for business success, such as education or the role of informal networks. The explanatory framework deployed for the identification of these qualitative success factors for distinct ethnic groups is based on a particular, recently developed artificial intelligence method, viz. rough set analysis. This multidimensional classification approach appears to be able to identify various important factors for the motivation and performance of ethnic enterprises. Two major findings emerge from this investigation: (i) performance conditions vary across ethnic groups, and (ii) informal networks are crucial for business success.
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    Property Rights and Public Interests: A Wyoming Agricultural Lands Study (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Rocky Mountain states have experienced unprecedented growth as agricultural land is converted to residences. Preservation efforts meet with protest from private landholders claiming public efforts undermine private property rights. This paper explores the degree to which respondents think management of agricultural lands is a public versus a private matter. Data are from a Sublette County, Wyoming, mail survey. Results are relevant to many western counties having public lands and high growth rates. They suggest that landowners, wage earners, college graduates, and those who value the county’s rural community lifestyle support public management strategies. Well-established residents and those with economic reasons for living in the county support private management strategies.
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    The Changing Scale of Livestock Production in and around Corn Belt Metropolitan Areas, 1978–97 (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This research examines changes in four sectors of livestock production, pork, dairy, fed cattle, and beef cows, from 1978 to 1997 by county metropolitan character. Relative changes in the amount of production and the number of producers in a county as well as changes in the average scale of production are examined. The purpose is to identify whether structural differences have emerged between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Corn Belt counties as a result of industrialization in livestock production. The analysis identifies a divergence in the amount and scale of pork production in metro versus nonmetro regions from 1987 to 1997, coinciding with a period of substantial industrialization in that sector. Little divergence is identified in the scale of dairy, fed cattle, and beef cows operations during the same time period. The findings have implications for farmland preservation and agricultural viability in exurban regions of the Corn Belt.
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    Modern Entrepreneurship in a Changing Space–Economy (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00185
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Mona Domosh and Joni Seager, Putting Women in Place: Feminist Geographers Make Sense of the WorldGerald Hodge and Ira M. Robinson, Planning Canadian Regions
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00190
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    The Role of Education in Self–Employment Success in Finland (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the effect of self–employed persons’ education on the success of their firms during the economic downturn and upturn of the 1990's. It is found that the business cycle affects the relative closure rates of firms run by self–employed with any level of education. Exit probability is lower for the highly educated during bust, but higher in boom. This is accounted for by two facts. First, running a small firm is argued to be a less attractive choice to wage work, particularly for the highly educated, due to lower earning prospects, less stable stream of earnings, and the cultural tradition of working in large corporations. Second, the highly educated faced a higher outside demand for their labor than did the less educated during economic upturn. Finally, it was found that regardless of the state of aggregate economy, firms run by the highly educated have higher growth probabilities than those run by less educated persons.
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    Forging Ahead and Falling Behind: Changing Regional Inequalities in Post-reform China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This study analyzes the evolution of China’s regional inequalities during the reform period of 1978–1998 based on three geographical scales, both output and livelihood indicators of economic well-being and three measures of inequality. The results indicate that interprovincial and regional inequalities declined between 1978 and 1990, but have widened steadily since 1990. Urban-rural disparity diminished before 1984, then experienced a decade-long surge afterwards to peak in 1994 at a much higher level and since 1994, it has been declining again. The levels of regional inequalities in China appear to be sensitive to changes in government development strategies and regional policies. Differential growth of the provincial economies shaped by the coast-oriented and urban-biased development strategies as well as selective open-door policy implemented by the Chinese government after the reform is the key to understanding the wax and wane in China’s regional inequalities. This paper discusses the factors that account for the changing regional inequalities in post-reform China and argues that government policies are likely to continue to influence the future trajectories of inequality change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00179
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Char Miller, Fluid Arguments: Five Centuries of Western Water ConflictMichael Dear, (ed.) From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban TheoryMartin Dangerfield, Subregional Economic Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: The Political Economy of CEFTAKenneth Button and Roger Stough, Air Transport Networks: Theory and Policy Implications
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    Contents Index (2002)
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    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Author Index (2002)
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    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    The Effect of State Economic Development Incentives on Employment Growth of Establishments (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the effects of state economic development incentives on the growth of 366 Ohio manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments that launched major expansions between 1993 and 1995. Growth is measured as the actual employment change that occurred in these establishments and as the employment growth announced when expansions were launched. Empirical findings indicate that incentives have very little (or even a negative) effect on actual growth and they have a substantial positive effect on announced growth. Findings also suggest that establishments that received incentives overestimated their announced employment targets more than establishments that did not receive incentives.
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    Using Excise Taxes to Finance State Government: Do Neighboring State Taxation Policy and Cross-Border Markets Matter? (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper the excise tax policy of U.S. state governments is analyzed with special attention to how this policy is influenced by the level of excise taxation in neighboring states, “border-tax effects,” and the relative size of the market located across state boundaries. Using a panel data set, state policies towards the taxation of cigarettes, all alcoholic beverages, beer, distilled liquor, motor fuel, and insurance are investigated within the context of a vote-maximizing model of collective decision making. The role of the industry in that state whose goods and services are singled out for special taxation is also examined.
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    The Importance of the Distribution of Consumers in Horizontal Product Differentiation (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the importance of the distribution of consumers in Hotelling’s circle on the comparison between the optimal and the market equilibrium levels of diversity. It finds that when most consumers are located very close to the firms, the result of Salop—that the equilibrium number of firms is larger than the optimal one (surplus maximizing)—can be reversed.
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, and Meric S. Gertler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic GeographyPeter Meusburger and Heike Jöns (eds.), Transformations in Hungary: Essays in Economy and SocietyAllen J. Scott (ed.), Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, PolicyJames O. Wheeler, Yuko Aoyama, and Barney Warf (eds.), Cities in the Telecommunications Age: The Fracturing of GeographiesBarry Bluestone and Mary Huff Stevenson, The Boston Renaissance: Race, Space, and Economic Change in an American Metropolis
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    Index to Volume 42 (2002) (2002)
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    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Spillover Effects of Welfare Reforms in State Labor Markets (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper estimates the effects of welfare reforms on a state’s employment and wage rates. Welfare reforms include: pushing welfare recipients into the labor force, financial incentives to recipients for working, wage subsidies to employers of recipients, and community service jobs for recipients. The effects of these policies are analyzed using a newly estimated model of state labor markets. Simulations show that jobs found by welfare reform participants cause sizable displacement effects for nonparticipants. Displacement effects of labor supply policies are highest when a state’s unemployment is high, whereas displacement effects of labor demand policies are highest when a state’s unemployment is low.
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    Direct Investment Liberalization, Commodity Trade and Income Distribution: What Can the WTO do? (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes a model of two-way movement of physical capital, and examines the effects of direct investment liberalization on resource allocation, income distribution and commodity trade. If either country or both countries liberalizes investment under exogenously given commodity prices, some factor owners in a country will gain but some others will lose. If capital movement affects commodity prices, all factor owners in a country may be better off after multilateral investment liberalization. In these cases, it will be much easier for the home country to sign an agreement liberalizing investment flows.
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    Financial Market Stability and Monetary Policy (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00002
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    Politics, the WTO and Trade Disputes: Evidence from US Cases (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Do political variables play a significant role in trade disputes and does the World Trade Organization (WTO) ameliorate disputation? This paper uses US data to assess the role of the WTO and political variables in trade disputes. The data suggest that political factors are significant in the initiation of trade disputes and in their length of adjudication. The WTO disputes that require the formation of adjudication panels take fewer months to complete than under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade system, but overall the WTO appears not to play a significant role in reducing the number of disputes or shortening their duration.
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    Exploring Accounting and Democratic Governance: A Study Comparing a Norwegian and a Russian County (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Interpretations and explanations of experience that make consequences interpretable and actions imaginable are said to be given by accounts. Formal accounting systems used in economic, social and political institutions are seen as portraying their political realities. The purpose of this study is to explore connections and tensions between the realities portrayed in the accounting systems and the governance structures of local governments in two counties, one in Norway and one in Russia. The formal accounting and governmental systems of these two counties are described, analyzed and compared using accounting and democratic governance perspectives. The article ends with a discussion of interrelationships and tensions between accounting and democratic governance. Through comparing the democratic governing structures of these two counties with the accounting systems employed, three main conclusions are presented. Firstly, it is shown that principal–agent relations influence accounting procedures that symbolize democratic governance. Secondly, the accounting language applied does not portray local politicians. Thirdly, accounting norms do not reflect democracy and democratic governance. In summary, the study shows that even very formalized accounting offers flexibility by way of giving meaning to processes and structures in organizations characterized by strictly formalized structures.
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    Canadian Provincial Budget Outcomes: A Long–run and Short–run Perspective (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper tests a theory of public budgeting as a long–run and short–run process. In this model, political decision makers strive to achieve budgetary balance over the long–run but are constrained in the short–run and follow incremental decision–making. First, the budget equilibrium theory is elaborated upon and is used to explain the relationship between revenues, expenditures, and debt along with control variables one being provincial general elections. Second, the interaction between these variables is tested with a vector error correction model for each of the Canadian provinces using annual data between 1961 and 2000. The results show that in the long–run the driving force of provincial budgeting was expenditure control initiatives in seven of the ten provinces. In the short–run, incrementalism occurred in all of the provinces and a political business cycle was evident in six provinces.
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    Highways, Alleys and By–lanes: Charting the Pathways for Ideas and Innovation in Organizations (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Creativity and innovation management 11 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present paper introduces a view of how ideas develop in organizations that goes beyond the traditional focus on either individual or structural conditions for creativity and innovation. An interview study was conducted with key actors in a large Swedish telecom company. A model was then constructed where idea development is viewed as a process of combining and integrating various informal, yet powerful qualities of the organization. The paper argues that successful idea development depends on the capacity of actors and ideas to move on ‘organizational highways, alleys and by–lanes’. A number of suggestions are presented for how to stimulate the processes of creativity and innovation from this perspective.
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    Editorial (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Creativity and innovation management 11 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The Implementation of Innovation by a Multinational Operating in Two Different Environments: A Comparative Study (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Creativity and innovation management 11 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of the paper is to examine the innovation initiatives and processes followed by two subsidiaries of a German multinational company operating in Europe and Asia and to compare the innovativeness of their operations in these two locations. The study examined the innovation processes followed by the two subsidiary firms operating in Germany and Malaysia, the actual problems faced by them, the critical success factors involved in the implementation, and the work climates of the firms. Interestingly, it was found that both firms followed similar innovation processes. Nevertheless, different types of problems and critical success factors were applicable to both firms. The results showed that the Malaysian subsidiary faced more behavioural problems while the German subsidiary encountered more technical problems. Further, the study showed that a lack of knowledge was the common problem faced equally by both firms. The study demonstrated that the German subsidiary had better working climate compared to its counterpart in Malaysia. Finally, the German subsidiary was found to be more innovation–active than the Malaysian subsidiary as it introduced more types of innovation, interacted with more types of entity in the external environment and introduced more types of training.
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    The Dynamics of Temporary Policies in a Small Open Economy (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper corrects a subtle, but crucial, conceptual flaw in a solution procedure initially proposed in 1990 by Sen and Turnovsky to analyze anticipated regime changes in small open economies based on the intertemporal optimization of rational forward–looking agents. The problem is its failure to consider the intertemporal solvency of the economy consistently. The paper focuses on temporary shocks, although the procedure also applies to announced future permanent policy changes. Since the issue is generic and relevant to a large class of policy changes, it is important for the intertemporal solvency aspect to be incorporated consistently. The authors show that the seriousness of the error in the previous solution procedure depends upon the specific shock, and two contrasting examples are discussed.
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    Foreign Competition and Wage Inequality (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author argues that increased foreign competition can affect technical choice and skill differentials even when actual imports do not rise significantly. A model is presented of general oligopolistic equilibrium (GOLE) in which a reduction in import barriers (whether technological or policy–imposed) encourages more strategic investment by incumbent firms. The predictions accord with many of the stylized facts: higher skill premia; higher ratios of skilled to unskilled workers employed in all sectors and throughout the economy; little change in import volumes or prices; and rapid technological progress with rather little change in total factor productivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00358
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    Declining Industries and Persistent Tariff Protection (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper uses a political economy framework to explain the empirical observation that trade protection is persistent. The assumptions that are shown to generate endogenous tariff persistence in the model are quite plausible: agents are uncertain about future prices, tariffs are affected by political pressure, and producers of the import–competing good own sector–specific human capital that may be lost if they exit the industry. The model also reveals that, under the conditions listed above, industries decline gradually in response to a price shock even when producers do not face increasing costs of adjustment.
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    Economics in Crisis: Severe and Logical Contradictions of Classical, Keynesian, and Popular Trade Models (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper examines three popular models that form the foundation of modern economics. The author concludes that two of the three, the classical and the Keynesian, are seriously deficient in logic, whereas the third, dealing with gains from trade, is partially lacking in logic. Classical and neo–Keynesian approaches require desired investment to expand during recessions, whereas the trade model requires real GDP to rise without any rise in employment, capital stock, or technology. The paper offers an alternative macro framework that is free from the limitations of conventional models. Money is either neutral or non–neutral, depending on whether the economy is operating below or at full capacity. Wages are strictly determined in the labor market, yet employment is influenced by aggregate demand. The alternative model thus combines the attractive features of classical and Keynesian frameworks.
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    The Sonnenschein–Debreu–Mantel Proposition and the Theory of International Trade (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of the comparative statics of trade theory rests on the unrealistic assumption that in each trading country all households are alike or behave collectively as though they are alike. In the present paper the authors show that two well–known comparative statical propositions are highly sensitive to the relaxation of the assumption, and suggest that many other results are equally fragile.
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    Sunk Costs, Market Access, Economic Integration, and Welfare (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The nature of the equilibrium that arises after economic integration is shown to depend crucially on how initial entry costs are divided along two separate dimensions: market access versus technology costs, and fixed versus sunk costs. There are three post-integration equilibrium regimes: a traditional trade theory regime which arises when both market access costs and fixed costs are small, a new trade theory regime which arises when market access costs are small but fixed costs are high, and a market access regime which arises when market access costs are high. While the first two regimes have already appeared in the literature, the third is new. The sign, magnitude, and qualitative behavior of the welfare effects of integration across all three regimes depend on the configuration of these costs.
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    Tax Competition, Capital Mobility, and Public Good Provision Within a Trading Block (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The authors examine a two–country general–equilibrium model of a two–country trading block where governments through tax policies attract mobile capital and provide an imported public consumption good. Within this framework the authors examine, among other things, how preferences over the public good and the size (population) of a country affect the Nash or cooperative equilibrium values of income tax rates in the two countries. The analysis identifies sufficient conditions under which (i) the Nash/cooperative equilibrium income tax rates are strategic substitutes or complements, and (ii) the Nash equilibrium income tax rates may be greater than the cooperative rates.
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books Reviewed:Ronald MacDonald and Ian Marsh, Exchange Rate ModellingRichard N. Cooper and János Gács (eds.), Trade Growth in Transition Economies: Export Impediments for Central and Eastern EuropeGeoff Mason, Mary O'Mahony and Ray Barell (eds.), Productivity, Innovation and Economic PerformanceMartin Richardson (ed.), Globalization and International Trade Liberalization: Continuity and Change
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    Poverty and Political Risk (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper explains the negative correlation between developing countries’ per capita incomes and measures of political risk by relating a government’s decision to tax foreign investors to distributional interests in the host country’s population. Using a dynamic general-equilibrium model in which agents make irreversible investments abroad to insure against country-specific technology shocks, it is shown that the political risk for foreign investors is prohibitive if the host country’s initial per capita income is too low and if the benefits of international diversification are not high enough to generate a sufficiently strong opposition against discriminatory taxation.
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    Export Price Discrimination in Europe and Exchange Rates (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper studies pricing-to-market behavior on a wide range of disaggregated European Union exports to OECD countries. The sample allows better identification of products for which such behavior is pervasive. The results suggest that the degree of markup adjustment in response to exchange rate changes is similar across destination markets. The evidence of pricing-to-market across source countries ranges from 40% (Netherlands) to 63% (Germany) of the products in the sample, except for the United Kingdom, where there is remarkably little evidence of it. However, formal comparisons across source countries by product do not usually reveal differences in behavior.
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    The Asian Crisis, 1997 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Bailouts, Endogenous Financial Regimes, and Market Sentiments (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The authors examine the role of strategic interactions among a small number of financial intermediaries who know that the current financial regime is subject to change. The current financial regime offers protection to the intermediaries against bad outcomes. Each financial intermediary’s investment strategy is shown to depend on its rivals’ strategies. It is shown that a small shock that causes an initially small deviation from an intermediary’s equilibrium strategy can lead to a series of larger deviations by its rivals, thereby precipitating a change of financial regime.
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    The Asian Currency Crises: Vulnerability, Contagion, or Unsustainability (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Asian currency crises have been introduced by many economists as evidence that almost any country could be vulnerable to speculative attacks and to contagion effects, even with apparently good economic fundamentals. These financial crises have also been interpreted by other economists as rational market reactions to the unsustainability of domestic macroeconomic policies or structural weaknesses. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relative importance of macroeconomic unsustainability, financial vulnerability, and crisis contagion in a model that explains and predicts the Asian currency crises. Out-of-sample forecasts based on two-stage panel and logit regressions provide evidence of a pure contagion effect, which significantly worsened the crises. They also show that Indonesia was the only one of the six Asian nations examined (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand) that was in an unsustainable economic situation, and that the other five nations were only vulnerable to a currency crisis.
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    Difference-Equations Solution of Exchange Rate Dynamics (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper focuses on an appropriate and consistent theoretical as well as empirical model of the rational-expectations version of the asset-market approach to exchange rate determination. Using a “sticky-price” monetary model, and formulating the model by a difference-equations system, explicit solutions are obtained as functions of forcing variables extending to past dates only. This “backward-looking” characteristic of the solution is in stark contrast to conventional “forward-looking” models, and alleviates empirical investigation because of the need for past data only. This discrete dynamic model is superior to the corresponding continuous model, because its solutions neither exhibit the empirically unfounded “overshooting” behavior, nor have saddle-point (in)stability. Rather, the exchange rate is shown to follow an oscillatory path with asymptotic stability, and this seems to replicate the actual movements closely approximated by a random-walk process.
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    Monetary Union and the Transaction Cost Savings of a Single Currency (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper computes the transaction cost savings derived from the European Monetary Union. A continuoustime, stochastic, Baumol-like model is generalized to include several currencies and calibrated to fit European data. The analysis implies an upper bound for the savings derived from reductions in transaction costs of approximately 0.69% of Union GDP. Additionally, the magnitudes of the brokerage fee and the volatility of transactions, whose estimation has traditionally been difficult to address empirically, are approximated for Europe.
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    Monetary Policy in the Aftermath of Currency Crises: The Case of Asia (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper evaluates monetary policy and its relationship with the exchange rate in the five Asian crisis countries. The findings are compared with previous currency crises in recent history. It is found that there is no evidence of overly tight monetary policy in the Asian crisis countries in 1997 and early 1998. There is also no evidence that high interest rates led to weaker exchange rates. The usual tradeoff between inflation and output when raising interest rates suggested the need for a softer monetary policy in the crisis countries to combat recession. However, in some countries, corporate balance sheet considerations suggested the need to reverse overly depreciated currencies through firmer monetary policy.
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    Pricing-to-Market Behavior: Japanese Exports to the US, Asia, and the EU (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper examines the pricing-to-market (PTM) behavior of Japanese exporters in the US, Asian, and EU markets. Empirical evidence shows that PTM elasticity is highest to the US market. This matches the in-tuitive reasoning that the US market is more competitive than the EU and Asian markets for Japanese exporters. Furthermore, PTM elasticities estimated in this paper using expected exchange rates are positive but their amounts are smaller than PTM elasticities estimated by previous studies with actual exchange rates. The difference may be due to the fact that the invoice currency for most Japanese exports is the US dollar.
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    Dynamic Effects in Senegal of the Regional Trade Agreement Among UEMOA Countries (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 10 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In an international setting characterized by a proliferation of regional trade agreements, seven countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) have created a customs union. The reform raises concerns in some countries, like Senegal, where government is dependent on tariff revenues. The author builds an intertemporal general equilibrium model to analyze the dynamic effects of the reform. Simulation results highlight the desirability for Senegal to pursue regional economic integration along with an outward-looking strategy. The reform is welfare-improving and expansionary with some sectoral diversity. In the long run, government and foreign debts increase.
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    Local Fiscal Strategy to Retain Heterogeneous Firms (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper is about the strategy of retaining unobservably heterogeneous firms attracted by unobservably valued outside alternatives. We prove that differentiating taxation and public good fiscal packages within one’s own locale dominates offering the same packages to all firms. We rationalize the full range of observed practice by considering more than one type of firm, more than one type of fiscal instrument, and all kinds of utility in alternative locations, under asymmetric information. Mobile agents can earn rents under some conditions, and immobile agents earn rents under others. Ways to minimize budgetary exposure in tax wars and effects on the composition of local economies are discussed.
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    Call for Applications (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Rent-Commuting Cost Function Versus Rent-Distance Function (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a new way to present standard urban models graphically and a new rent function called the rent-commuting cost function. The rent-commuting cost function represents the relationship between rent and total commuting cost. At least theoretically, it is superior to the traditional rent-distance function in depicting and measuring stylized facts of the city because its gradient is independent of the functional form of the commuting cost function and falls as household income rises.
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    Books Received (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Relative Returns to Skills and Assimilation of Immigrants in Hong Kong (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A simple formal model is presented to analyse intercensal changes in the relative earnings of immigrants. A number of factors are analysed, including a change in the relative observed quality of immigrants, a change in the relative prices of observed skills, and assimilation. The model is applied to 1981 and 1991 Hong Kong census data and shows that although there is economic assimilation in the narrow sense at an estimated rate of approximately 1.55 percent p.a., earnings of immigrants diverge from earnings of natives because their relative returns to schooling declined.
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    Fertility and Economic Growth: Do Immigrant Maids Play a Role? (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A significant source of child-care services in East and South-East Asia are provided by immigrant maids. Using a modified version of the model used in Galor and Weil (1996), the present paper analyses the impact of this source of child-care services on women’s labor market participation, fertility behavior and the household purchase of child-care services. The results show that a lower price for the maid service leads to a lower savings rate, a higher demand for children and less time being spent with children. We also find that hiring immigrant maids leads to lower economic growth in the long run.
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    Speculation Under the Random Walk Hypothesis (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Under the random walk hypothesis this paper derives simple decision rules for owning and selling a stock. Two scenarios are considered, first, a ‘blue chip’ security with low volatility (as measured by the variance of stock price changes per time interval)paying a fixed dividend a and, second, a stock of high volatility and no dividends with a (low)price at which it can be sold back to the company.
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    Horizontal Mergers in a Liberalizing World Economy (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the effect of horizontal mergers in an open economy environment. It is found that, with the presence of economies of scale and imperfect competition, a domestic merger may bring about an additional gain to the country in that it shifts profit from foreign to domestic firms. Consequently, the condition on the degree of economies of scale for permitting domestic horizontal mergers would be weaker under an open economy than under a closed economy. Furthermore, the analysis shows that such mergers can also raise foreign welfare. Finally, the model is used to discuss the need to coordinate merger policies among trading partners in tandem with trade liberalization.
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    Introduction (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Introduction (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Gender Wage Gaps in Post-Reform Rural China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present paper examines the impact of market reforms on gender earnings gaps in China’s rural economy using two cross-sections of data for 1988 and 1995. The results show that the raw gender wage gap was sizeable and predominated by the unexplained part. However, no evidence was found to suggest that the reform policies and market competition led to any measurable increase or decrease in wage discrimination during the period of investigation.
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    Does Asia Need a Common Currency Market? (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Earnings Differentials between State and Non-State Enterprises in Urban China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present paper estimates earnings differentials between state and non-state sectors for Chinese urban residents in 1996 by taking into account differences in non-wage benefits. Household survey data are used to estimate wage differentials while aggregate statistics are utilised in estimating non-wage benefits. We find that state-sector workers earned significantly more than workers in urban collective and domestic private enterprises in 1996. Unskilled workers in foreign invested enterprises (FIE) earned significantly less than those in the state sector but skilled workers earned more in FIE than in the state sector. These findings shed light on the source of labour immobility that state-owned enterprise had experienced until recently.
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    Financial Market Stability and Monetary Policy: Remarks On Stiglitz’s Speech (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00147
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    East-Asian Happiness Gap (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite spectacular economic growth, most East-Asian countries (especially those with the Confucian cultures) score very low in happiness surveys. The present paper speculates on the reasons for this East-Asian happiness gap, including environmental disruption, excessive competitiveness, repressive education, excessive conformity, negative attitudes towards enjoyment, and the emphasis on outward appearance. The desired direction of future growth, especially regarding the relative importance of public spending on the environment and research, and the non-material aspects of life, are also briefly touched on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00149
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    Child Labour Education and Nutrition in Rural India (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Decisions concerning child labour, education and nutrition are taken by parents simultaneously with decisions affecting fertility and infant mortality. This implies that child labour cannot be abolished without altering the conditions that make it optimal for parents to make their children work. Such conditions can be altered not only by educational policies, such as free or subsidized provision of school facilities, but also by more broadly aimed policies, such as sanitation or preventive medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00150
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    The Hong Kong Fish Marketing Organization (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This essay provides an explanation of the phenomenon of an apparent secular fall in captured fisheries outputs in Hong Kong transacted through the Fish Marketing Organisation. The latter is a government monopoly, with the power to compel sale of landed fish through its licensed buyers, established and protected by law. The institutional characteristic of this organisation can also explain the evolution of marine fish culture industry in the area that is not subject to the forced-sale regulation of the Organisation, and the diversity of species commonly observed in the consumer market of cultured fish. The observed reduction in fisheries output in Hong Kong can be the consequence of regulation rather than a lack of regulation, as the ‘the tragedy of commons’ would seem to imply. Our analysis also demonstrates why the Fish Marketing Organisation has suffered from a growing budgetary deficit in recent years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00151
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  • 87
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    Taxes, Risk Aversion, and the Size of the Underground Economy (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Non-parametric regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the effective tax rate and the relative size of the underground economy, using New Zealand data. The underlying theoretical framework is established, and it suggests an ambiguous prediction regarding the sign of the relationship we are studying. However, our non-parametric empirical analysis, which also allows for the non-stationarity of the time-series data, produces a positive and ‘S-shaped’ relationship, and this supports earlier empirical studies that imposed such functional forms. The estimated model is used to simulate the effects of hypothetical tax changes on the size of the New Zealand underground economy, and to draw policy conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00152
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    Introduction (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00155
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  • 89
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    On a Variation in the Economic Performance of Migrants by their Home Country’s Wage (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although the economic performance of migrants in the receiving country undoubtedly depends on qualifications, it is also affected by inclinations. Given the probability of return migration, a behavioural link is established between the incentive of migrants to save in their country of destination and the prevailing wage rate in their home country. It is shown that migrants coming from a low-wage country optimally save more than migrants from a high-wage country. Policy and research implications suggested by this savings behaviour are alluded to.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00153
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  • 90
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    Rent Seeking and Allocative Efficiency (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers a rent-seeking game (specifically, a winner-takes-all contest) with incomplete information. By allowing for sequential moves, a Bayesian-Stackelberg equilibrium can be constructed. It can be shown that, at the Bayesian-Stackelberg equilibrium, it is always possible that the allocative efficiency argument fails. That is, there are cases in which the Stackelberg follower is more efficient but loses the contest. Using a specific class of distributions, it is also shown that sometimes the corrupt official will choose the Bayesian-Stackelberg equilibrium over the Bayesian-Nash equilibrium in order to maximise the expected bribe revenue. That is, when designing the rules of the rent-seeking game, the dynamic nature of competition will be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00154
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  • 91
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    Effects of Marriage, Education and Occupation on the Female / Male Wage Gap in China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the present study the way in which the gender wage gap in urban China differs according to marital status, education and occupation, is examined. Married Chinese women experience much larger absolute gender wage gaps than their unmarried counterparts. The proportion of the gender wage gap unexplained by differences in the levels of productive characteristics is also higher for married women than single women. Gender wage gaps are smaller for more educated women. These findings suggest that occupational segregation is not as important a factor as industrial segregation in accounting for the gender wage gap in China’s urban labour markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00156
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  • 92
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    ‘One Household/Two Systems’ (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Under China’s dual-track approach to reform, ‘one household/two systems’, or combining state and private employment within a family, connotes having the best of both worlds. Drawing upon work history data for 5000 households, the present study looks at who is employed in the private sector. Findings are that marriage to a state-employed spouse actually reduces the probability of one’s holding a private sector job and that the effects of living with a state-connected parent are mixed. Were households more actively pursuing a one-household/two-systems strategy, the transition from state dependence would be expedited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00159
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    Currency Substitution Between the Hong Kong Dollar and the Renminbi in South China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Pacific economic review 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present paper estimates the demand for the Hong Kong currency circulating in the Guangdong Province of China and Macau. The amount of Hong Kong dollars circulating in the Guangdong (Macau) region is reckoned to be 7.4 (3.2) percent of the total amount issued in Hong Kong. The estimated coeficients in the currency demand equation suggest that the Hong Kong currency in Guangdong is used mainly for transactions. Therefore, in spite of strong evidence of currency substitution of the Renminbi with the Hong Kong Dollar, its impact on the exchange rate and on the international reserves of Hong Kong during currency crisis should be minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2002.00148.x
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    Intended or Unintended Consequences? Resource Erosion in New Zealand’s Government Departments (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Internationally, a feature of public sector reforms over the last twenty years is the characterisation of negative effects as unintended consequences, yet the reform programme continues as before (Humphrey et al., 1993 and 1998). This article reports the findings from an investigation of ostensibly unintended consequences of New Zealand’s public sector financial management system: resource erosion in government departments which both escapes parliamentary scrutiny and damages departments’ capability to perform even core functions (State Services Commission, 1998a; and Controller and Auditor–General, 1999). The findings suggest that these effects might not be unintended. The system’s structures and processes, including designed–in resource erosion processes and a surreptitious approach, are highly consistent with those advocated to facilitate privatisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00155
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    The Performance of State–Owned Enterprises Revisited (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Financial accountability and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many theoretical and empirical studies look at the ownership–performance relationship. So far, the literature in finance and in accounting mainly refers to the property rights, agency and public choice theories. Despite the fact that the results of these studies are more or less conclusive, it is usually considered that the private enterprise performs better than the state–owned enterprise. In this article, we argue that these studies suffer from one major limitation. They do not recognize that the goals of the state–owned enterprise are different from the ones espoused by the private firm. Using a sample of state–owned entreprises and private firms for the period 1976–1996, we present empirical evidence that the state–owned enterprises, when their main goal is to maximize profit, perform as well as the privately owned enterprises. Therefore, the alleged under–performance of the state–owned enterprises may only be the result of pursuing other goals while the poor quality of public managers may be another urban myth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00158
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    The Alignment Conference: A Stakeholder’s Way to Create a Competitive Advantage (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Creativity and innovation management 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Alignment Conference is a process anchored in three components that are each significant and effective in their individual application. Implementation of this integrated approach addresses the strategic concerns of key organizational stakeholders, allowing them to reach new agreements about what they will do and how they will do it, relative to the organization’s core organizational competencies. It can be a particularly useful process in helping staff change–agents help senior leaders and line managers understand that the human side of the equation is equally important as the technical side, and provides a technology that allows the social side to address business results and processes, for current and future conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00243
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    Benefiting from Commissioned Research: The Role of Researcher – Client Cooperation (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Creativity and innovation management 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses why commissioned research is often neglected and misunderstood, as well as how its use can be enhanced. We argue that the lack of use of such research can be attributed to differences in researchers’ and practitioners’ knowledge and expectations regarding research problems, solutions, interpretations, and applications. Two hypotheses are proposed, which link the use of research to cooperation between researchers and users during the production of the research, and to assistance in interpreting and applying the research results. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 65 buyers of 86 research projects in the seafood industry. The reported findings reveal that collaboration fosters research utilisation, but also that close cooperation between the providers and the users of research may substitute assistance in enhancing research utilisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00240
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    Editorial (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Business strategy review 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8616
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8616.00226
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    Building Successful China Alliances (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Business strategy review 13 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8616
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Pieter Klaas Jagersma looks at the issues faced by alliances in the burgeoning Chinese market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8616.00227
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    Mobile Internet: Moving Beyond E–business (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Business strategy review 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8616
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: First there was e–business, now comes mobile business. Industry insider Edoardo Narduzzi looks at the different opportunities and challenges posed by data on the move.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8616.00228
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