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  • Articles  (43)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (43)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (39)
  • gene transfer  (4)
  • Animals
  • 1955-1959  (43)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoot apical meristems as a target for gene transfer by microballistics (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: meristem ; shoot apex ; ballistic microtargeting ; gene transfer ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The classical approach of gene transfer to a given plant species delivers the foreign gene to transformable cells and then puts the effort into generating plants. This approach is very difficult in many important crop plants, including cereals, and the results of regeneration are very genotype-dependent. In contrast, we use regenerable cells and try to transform them. Shoot apical meristems provide a tissue which regenerates in situ a fertile plant for most given genotypes or species. Transformation of meristem cells may lead to transgenic sectors in chimeras. These sectors may contribute to the gametes and, thus, to transgenic offspring, which then should be homohistonts and not sectorial chimeras like their parents. Our model plant for these studies is wheat. Microtargeting is a ballistic approach which is particularly suitable for the controlled delivery of microprojectiles to meristem cells in situ (Sautter et al., 1991). We summarize in this paper our experience with ballistic microtargeting of transgenes to wheat shoot apical meristem cells in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023929
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; Hordeum vulgare ; neomycin phosphotransferase II ; particle bombardment ; transgenic barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T0). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T1 progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T0 spikes and 15 T1 offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T2 and T3 plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T1 and T2 plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T2 offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed. Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023933
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulphur-rich Brazil nut 2S albumin is specifically formed in transgenic seeds of the grain legume Vicia narbonensis (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vicia narbonensis ; gene transfer ; gene expression ; seeds ; 2S albumin ; methionine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Epicotyl explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 to transfer a chimeric 2S albumin gene construct carried in the binary Ti plasmid vectors pGSGLUC1 or pGA472 into the grain legume Vicia narbonensis. This gene encoding the sulphur-rich Brazil nut albumin was under the control of either the CaMV 35S promoter which permits gene expression in all organs, or the Vicia faba legumin B4 promoter which elicits seed-specific gene expression. After callus formation and selection for kanamycin resistance, somatic embryos were induced which, in the case of transformation with the vector pGSGLUC1, were screened for GUS activity. Embryos that produced GUS were in addition analysed for 2S albumin formation. Selected transgenic embryos were cloned by multiple shoot regeneration. Rooted and fertile plants were obtained by grafting transgenic shoots on the appropriate seedlings. R1 and R2 generations were raised and analysed for GUS as well as 2S albumin gene expression. Expression of the 35S promoter/2S albumin gene fusion took place in all organs of the transgenic plants including the cotyledons of seeds, whereas seed-specific gene expression was found in transformants with the legumin promoter/2S albumin gene fusion. The 2S albumin accumulated in the 2S protein fraction of transgenic seeds and its primary translation product was processed into the 9 and 3 kDa polypeptide chains. The foreign protein was localised in the protein bodies of the grain legume. Analysis of the R2 plants indicated Mendelian inheritance of the 2S albumin gene. In homozygous V. narbonensis plants the amounts of 2S albumin were twice that present in the corresponding heterozygous plants. Whereas only low level formation of the foreign protein was achieved if the gene was under the control of the 35S promoter, approximately 3.0% of the soluble seed protein was 2S albumin if seed-specific gene expression was directed by the legumin B4 promoter. Some of these transformants exhibited a three-fold increase in the methionine content of the salt-soluble protein fraction extracted from seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023947
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; crop species ; particle bombardment ; transgenic plants ; cereals ; legumes ; woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The limiting component in the creation of transgenic crops has been the lack of effective means to introduce foreign genes into elite germplasm. However, the development of novel direct DNA transfer methodology, by-passing limitations imposed by Agrobacterium-host specificity and cell culture constraints, has allowed the engineering of almost all major crops, including formerly recalcitrant cereals, legumes and woody species. The creation of transgenic rice, wheat, maize, barley, oat, soybean, phaseolus, peanut, poplar, spruce, cotton and others, in an efficient and in some cases, variety-independent fashion, is a significant step towards the routine application of recombinant DNA methodology to the improvement of most important agronomic crops. In this review we will focus on key elements and advantages of particle bombardment technology in order to evaluate its impact on the accelerated commercialization of products based on agricultural biotechnology and its utility in studying basic plant developmental processes and function through transgenesis. Fundamental differences between conventional gene transfer methods, utilizing Agrobacterium vectors or protoplast/suspension cultures, and particle bombardment will be discussed in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023926
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foam fractionation of proteins: Concentration of aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of pH and concentration on foam separation of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) from solution has been studied. All results agree, at least qualitatively, with theory. BSA maximum enrichments were observed at the isoelectric pH and enrichment ratio was found to increase with decreasing protein concentrations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The large-scale separation of fluids from fibrous pulps (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Most of the free fluid can generally be expressed from fibrous pulps in a few seconds at 50 lb/in2 if the layer of pulp is kept thinner than 1 in. after it has been pressed, and if the fluid is allowed to run away freely. The need for this time and the frictional properties of many pulps are serious obstacles to the design of any strictly continuous press. Roller presses do not allow enough time, screw expellers create too much friction, continuous centrifuges and some other arrangements are intricate and vulnerable.An intermittent but automatic press which avoids these defects is described. In this the material on a perforated conveyor is pressed by a ram and then moved forward as the ram lifts. One such machine has already been made. An outline is given of the principles on which an improved design will depend.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equipment for cultivation of fastidious micro-organisms (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equipment has been developed in which fermentation processes for fastidious, pathogenic micro-organisms can be operated on a pilot-plant scale. Experience has shown the need for the development of concepts, techniques, and equipment meeting more stringent requirements than those ordinarily encountered in the fermentation industry. A system has been developed for the preparation of pure cultures which may be used either for the development of processes or in the preparation of substantial quantities of pure cultures. The equipment includes specially designed valves, fermentors, piping arrangement, and requires special methods of operation in order to maintain pure cultures during growth of the organism. The number of cultures of pathogenic, fastidious micro-organisms contaminated in the systems commonly used in industry is materially greater than the number of contaminated cultures produced in the system described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of L-tryptophan in submerged culturePresented before the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Fermentation Subdivision, Symposium on Fermentation Process and Equipment Design, at the 132nd meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N.Y., 1957 (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A strain of C. purpurea has been isolated which will produce L-tryptophan from indole in submerged culture.The L-tryptophan produced is extracellular and in a free form.Levels of up to 1·5 mg/ml of L-tryptophan have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of surface electric charge on algae in water purification (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of a study on the surface electric charge carried by fresh-water planktonic algae are used to provide a theory for the flocculation of algae with chemical coagulants. Where it is desirable to remove algae from water, for example from lakes or reservoirs for water supply, or from sewage oxidation ponds, the theory indicates certain practices are desirable to obtain the best removal. It is planned to extend the theory and experimental work to cover the removal of untreated algae from water by filtration through porous granular media, believed to be an adsorptive effect. Separation of different species of algae employing their electrokinetic properties is also described.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for the culture of algae under controlled conditions (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 59-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described in which large numbers of algal cultures can be maintained under the following conditions: (1) Constant temperature within the range 5 to 70°C, four different temperatures being maintained simultaneously; (2) uniform illumination at intensities up to 20,000 metre-candles; (3) continuous shaking at variable speed; and (4) aeration under aseptic conditions with mixtures of up to four different gases in any desired proportions.Among other features, thermoregulator heads, flow-meters and heaters for sterile filters, of improved design are described.To illustrate the use of the apparatus, data showing the effects of light intensity and temperature on the growth of Monodus subterraneus are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010107
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