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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (24)
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  • Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung  (8)
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (24)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new formulation for the stochastic control of systems with bounded state variables: An application to a single reservoir system (1996)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 10 (1996), S. 167-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Reservoir stochastic theory ; reliability ; mean ; variance ; indicator function ; storage bounds ; nonlinear programming ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new formulation is presented for the analysis of reservoir systems synthesizing concepts from the traditional stochastic theory of reservoir storage, moments analysis and reliability programming. The analysis is based on the development of the first and second moments for the stochastic storage state variable. These expressions include terms for the failure probabilities (probabilities of spill or deficit) and consider the storage bounds explicitly. Using this analysis, expected values of the storage state, variances of storage, optimal release policies and failure probabilities — useful information in the context of reservoir operations and design, can be obtained from a nonlinear programming solution. The solutions developed from studies of single reservoir operations on both an annual and monthly basis, compare favorably with those obtained from simulation. The presentation herein is directed to both traditional reservoir storage theorists who are interested in the design of a reservoir and modern reservoir analysts who are interested in the long term operation of reservoirs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581462
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kernel bandwidth selection for a first order nonparametric streamflow simulation model (1998)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 12 (1998), S. 33-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Streamflow ; simulation ; nonparametric
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new approach for streamflow simulation using nonparametric methods was described in a recent publication (Sharma et al. 1997). Use of nonparametric methods has the advantage that they avoid the issue of selecting a probability distribution and can represent nonlinear features, such as asymmetry and bimodality that hitherto were difficult to represent, in the probability structure of hydrologic variables such as streamflow and precipitation. The nonparametric method used was kernel density estimation, which requires the selection of bandwidth (smoothing) parameters. This study documents some of the tests that were conduced to evaluate the performance of bandwidth estimation methods for kernel density estimation. Issues related to selection of optimal smoothing parameters for kernel density estimation with small samples (200 or fewer data points) are examined. Both reference to a Gaussian density and data based specifications are applied to estimate bandwidths for samples from bivariate normal mixture densities. The three data based methods studied are Maximum Likelihood Cross Validation (MLCV), Least Square Cross Validation (LSCV) and Biased Cross Validation (BCV2). Modifications for estimating optimal local bandwidths using MLCV and LSCV are also examined. We found that the use of local bandwidths does not necessarily improve the density estimate with small samples. Of the global bandwidth estimators compared, we found that MLCV and LSCV are better because they show lower variability and higher accuracy while Biased Cross Validation suffers from multiple optimal bandwidths for samples from strongly bimodal densities. These results, of particular interest in stochastic hydrology where small samples are common, may have importance in other applications of nonparametric density estimation methods with similar sample sizes and distribution shapes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050008
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Look ahead job demanding for improving job shop performance (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Job shop scheduling ; dispatching rules ; coordination ; look ahead information ; simulation ; Werkstattsteuerung ; Steuerungsregeln ; Koordination ; Vorausschauende Informationen ; Simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Koordination dezentraler Werkstattsteuerungsregeln vorgestellt und mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie analysiert. Die Koordination basiert auf vorausschauenden Informationen und enthält einen Auftragsnachfrage-/-angebotsmechanismus. Die Simulations-experimente zeigen, daß durch den Einsatz des Koordinationsmechanismus die Leistung herkömmlicher Steuerungsregeln signifikant verbessert wird.
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper a new coordination approach for decentralized job shop scheduling rules is presented and analyzed in a simulation study. The coordination is based on look ahead information and contains a mechanism for demanding and supplying jobs. The simulation experiments show that the performance of conventional scheduling rules is significantly improved using the coordination mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539802
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Look ahead job demanding for improving job shop performance (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Job shop scheduling ; dispatching rules ; coordination ; look ahead information ; simulation ; Schlüsselwörter: Werkstattsteuerung ; Steuerungsregeln ; Koordination ; Vorausschauende Informationen ; Simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neu-artiger Ansatz zur Koordination dezentraler Werkstattsteuerungsregeln vorgestellt und mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie analysiert. Die Koordination basiert auf vorausschauenden Informationen und enthält einen Auftragsnachfrage-/-angebotsmechanismus. Die Simulations- experimente zeigen, daß durch den Einsatz des Koordinationsmechanismus die Leistung herkömmlicher Steuerungsregeln signifikant verbessert wird.
    Notizen: Abstract. In this paper a new coordination approach for decentralized job shop scheduling rules is presented and analyzed in a simulation study. The coordination is based on look ahead information and contains a mechanism for demanding and supplying jobs. The simulation experiments show that the performance of conventional scheduling rules is significantly improved using the coordination mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539802
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental evaluation of the classificatory performance of mathematical programming approaches to the three-group discriminant problem: The case of small samples (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 74 (1997), S. 191-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): integer programming ; discriminant analysis ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Although there have been several journal articles on the classificatory performance of mathematical programming approaches to the two-group discriminant problem, there has been no simulation study on the classificatory performance of mathematical programming approaches to the multiple-group problem reported in the literature. This study reports the results of a simulation experiment on the classificatory performance of a single-function and a multiple-function mathematical programming model relative to that of the standard parametric procedures for the three-group problem with small training samples. The effect of second-order terms on the classificatory performance of the mathematical programming models for the three-group problem is also investigated. Furthermore, this study theoretically examines the range of parameter values of a multiple-function mathematical programming model for which its number of misclassifications in the training sample cannot exceed that of a single-function model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018918320541
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancing graphical simulation output using cluster analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 74 (1997), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): simulation ; modeling ; aerospace ; air route structure ; free flight ; clustering
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Recent work performed for the Federal Aviation Administration to support the development of future concepts of air traffic management has involved simulation modeling of patterns of airspace usage by commercial and business air traffic. The objective of these efforts has been to investigate the impacts of a pattern of airspace usage known as "free flight", whereby pilots and flight dispatchers have much more freedom to choose, say, direct or wind-optimal routing through airspace. One of the figures of merit investigated is a count of "convergence pairs" as a measure of the complexity of various traffic patterns. These are cases when aircraft in the simulation model fly close to each other. Interestingly, geographic plots of convergence pairs accumulated over time bring out certain features or patterns of congested air traffic flows or flight alignments. However, these plots are also thick with "noise" or extraneous convergence pairs, whose presence detracts from the ability to perceive congested air traffic flows. Cluster analysis has been found to be an effective method of filtering these displays so that the congested flow features are discernible. The process developed for this purpose is based on a two-pass clustering approach. The process has worked well for the simulation modeling performed to date. Classification of the locations of convergence pairs into congested flow corridors is visually appealing, and has helped distinguish differences in contrasting scenarios of airspace usage. The paper presents graphical results and describes the clustering algorithms employed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018986808246
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation modeling for emergency bed requirement planning (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 67 (1996), S. 183-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): Capacity planning ; emergency services ; health care ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Due to its highly stochastic nature and complex interaction between services involved, health care has been a demanding area of application for computer simulation. This paper includes details and results of a simulation study realized in the Surgical Emergency Department at Istanbul University School of Medicine. The purpose is to suggest new bed capacities to improve the current system, and also to provide the management with guidelines for their expansion plans. For this aim, arrival rates, treatment procedures, inpatient admittance, and service durations have been carefully analyzed and modeled. The model, coded in SLAM-II simulation language, has been run under several bed capacity scenarios, and resulting queueing and waiting patterns have been discussed in detail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187029
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation assessment of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs (1999)
    Springer
    Transportation 26 (1999), S. 399-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Schlagwort(e): cellular telephones ; incident detection ; simulation ; traffic modeling ; wireless communications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract This research study was designed to assess by simulation the efficacy of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs. The assessment was conducted by varying the proportion of drivers with cellular phones on the highway so as to mirror the cellular industry statistics that show a continued growth of ownership of cellular phones in the United States. An analytical model, which combined simulation and the limited field data available in the literature, was used to determine measures of effectiveness of the cellular phone-based detection system. The results showed that a cellular phone detection system offers fast incident detection times and higher detection rates for both shoulder and lane blocking incidents. For example, in moderate traffic flow (i.e. 1,550 vehicles per hour per lane), 90 percent of incidents blocking two lanes were detected in 1.5 minutes when the proportion of drivers with cellular phones was one out of 10 drivers, even with only 20 percent of them willing to report incidents. When the current proportion of cellular ownership, i.e. 1 out of 3, was used in the simulation, the detection time improved to 0.8 minutes. The simulation analysis of incident detection by cellular phones also showed that there is a direct relationship between the probability of detection and the detection time; that is, the specification of a higher detection rate resulted in slower detection times. This is in sharp contrast with the results of field study of automatic incident detection (AID) systems which demonstrated an inverse relationship between probability of detection and detection time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005283307060
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation and testing in least absolute value regression with serially correlated disturbances (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 74 (1997), S. 239-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): autocorrelation ; L 1 regression ; least absolute deviations ; robust regression ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Least absolute value (LAV) regression provides a robust alternative to least squares, particularly when the disturbances follow distributions that are nonnormal and subject to outliers. While inference in least squares estimation is well-understood, inferential procedures in the context of LAV estimation have not been studied as extensively, particularly in the presence of non-independent disturbances. In this work, we study three alternative significance test procedures in LAV regression, along with two approaches used to correct for serial correlation. The study is based on large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, and comparisons are made based on both observed significance levels and power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018974405520
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Model misspecification in Data Envelopment Analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 73 (1997), S. 233-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): Data Envelopment Analysis ; model specification ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The use of Data Envelopment Analysis for estimating comparative efficiency has become widespread, and there has been considerable academic attention paid to the development of variants of the basic DEA model. However, one of the principal weaknesses of DEA is that - unlike statistically based methods - it yields no diagnostics to help the user determine whether or not the chosen model is appropriate. In particular, the choice of inputs and out-puts depends solely on the judgement of the user. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications for efficiency scores of using a misspecified model. A simple production process is set up. Simulation models are then used to explore the effects of applying misspecified DEA models to this process. The phenomena investigated are: the omission of significant variables; the inclusion of irrelevant variables; and the adoption of an inappropriate variable returns to scale assumption. The robustness of the results is investigated in relation to sample size; variations in the number of inputs; correlation between inputs; and variations in the importance of inputs. The paper concludes that the dangers of misspecification are most serious when simple models are used and sample sizes are small. In such circumstances, it is concluded that it will usually be to the modeller's advantage to err on the side of including possibly irrelevant variables rather than run the risk of excluding a potentially important variable from the model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018981212364
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pitfalls of Normal-Gamma Stochastic Frontier Models (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 8 (1997), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Schlagwort(e): Identifiability ; least squares ; likelihood ; profile ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Although conceptually pleasing, normal-gamma frontier models lead to difficult estimation problems. It is shown here that unless the sample size reaches several thousands of observations the shape parameter of the gamma density is hard to estimate, and that this carries over to estimates of the stochastic frontier, the individual inefficiencies, and the allocation of the overall variance to the stochastic frontier and to the inefficiencies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007751524050
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Consumer inventory sensitivity and the postpromotion dip (1996)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 7 (1996), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Schlagwort(e): promotion ; scanner data ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We summarize and critique seven theories that might explain the lack of a postpromotion dip in sales in the weeks following a promotion. We then propose and provide empirical support for a new explanation. We argue that in markets where the consumer category purchase decision is not strongly influenced by inventory levels, the displacement effect of accelerated sales will tend to be distributed fairly uniformly into the future such that clearly defined dips are not observed. We utilize a simulation based on real data to investigate this explanation. The simulation shows that given the degree to which inventory influences the purchase decision, we would not expect to see postpromotion dips, even though promotion influences the purchase decision. However, the simulation shows that if inventory had a greater influence on the purchase decision, we would expect to see postpromotion dips. We conclude with implications for both researchers and managers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00557313
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A hyperbolic diffusion model for stock prices (1996)
    Springer
    Finance and stochastics 1 (1996), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1122
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Martingale estimating function ; option pricing ; quasi-likelihood ; simulation ; stochastic differential equation ; volatility. ; JEL classification: G12 ; Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 62M05
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. In the present paper we consider a model for stock prices which is a generalization of the model behind the Black–Scholes formula for pricing European call options. We model the log-price as a deterministic linear trend plus a diffusion process with drift zero and with a diffusion coefficient (volatility) which depends in a particular way on the instantaneous stock price. It is shown that the model possesses a number of properties encountered in empirical studies of stock prices. In particular the distribution of the adjusted log-price is hyperbolic rather than normal. The model is rather successfully fitted to two different stock price data sets. Finally, the question of option pricing based on our model is discussed and comparison to the Black–Scholes formula is made. The paper also introduces a simple general way of constructing a zero-drift diffusion with a given marginal distribution, by which other models that are potentially useful in mathematical finance can be developed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007800050015
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the Tradeoff Between Computational Simplicity and Asymptotic Properties in Multivariate Probit (1999)
    Springer
    Computational economics 13 (1999), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Schlagwort(e): efficiency ; multivariate probit ; quasi maximum likelihood ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper discusses the most efficient estimator among Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimators using at most two levels of numerical integration, for the multivariate probit model. Simulations show that this estimator is more efficient but not more costly than the second-best alternative. However, its added efficiency depends on the correlation structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008649923740
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk analysis and asset valution: A Monte Carlo Simulation using stochastic rents (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of real estate finance and economics 11 (1995), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-045X
    Schlagwort(e): asset valuation ; simulation ; risk ; stochastic rent
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Introduction of the Present Value Distribution Model (PVD) offers an alternative method for the valuation of projects yielding intertemporal stochastic rents. A combination of concepts from many areas of the literature yields the given model. The base procedure relies on Monte Carlo Simulation with the application of recently established theories on stochastic rents, path dependent cash flow trajectories, and period dependent discount rates. Among the benefits of the (PVD) are exogenous risk discounting and consistent distribution determination. Risk discounting is applied to the resultant of the distribution model rather than within the model. Furthermore, the present value distributions are independent of analyst's perceptions yielding an objective single period gamble.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01098661
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation of Controlled Financial Statements (1999)
    Springer
    Review of quantitative finance and accounting 13 (1999), S. 189-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7179
    Schlagwort(e): simulation ; financial statement ; monthly statement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Many accounting and finance studies investigate the time-series properties of historical accounting records from corporate financial statements. Some of them have recognized the potential benefits of using disaggregated monthly accounting records. Disaggregated data are beneficial because one can use more data points within a relatively short period of time, thus reducing the chance of structural change. The added data points and reduction of the number of variables needed to accommodate potential structural changes can enhance the statistical power of any subsequent analysis. The use of disaggregated data may also improve the predictive ability of time-series analytic approaches. In order to systematically assess various financial indicators and investigate the effects of different organizational characteristics, a large number of monthly statements with certain predetermined characteristics are desirable. However, such statements are not readily available. At best, monthly statements can be obtained from a few volunteer companies. Under this circumstance, simulation of controlled financial statements seems to be a reasonable solution. This research explores a methodology for simulating complete monthly financial statements based on actual company quarterly financial statements. The methodology incorporates the interrelationships among accounting numbers and the effects of exogenous variables. To test the empirical validity and whether the monthly results derived from the quarterly data can accurately track the real monthly figures, we compare the results simulated by the proposed method and those generated by a naive random walk model. We test both complete financial statements for three companies and sales statistics from the retail industry. The results of both tests demonstrate the superiority of the method proposed by this study over a naive random walk model. The proposed simulation method provides an opportunity for researchers to examine the time-series properties of financial statement elements by using the monthly data of a large number of companies. In addition, the simulation approach allows researchers to perform cross sectional comparisons on companies with different characteristics (e.g., sales behavior patterns and degrees of stability) in their financial and economic activities. Moreover, it enables the researchers to manipulate some of these characteristics to test various hypotheses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008304127780
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time diversification and security preferences: A stochastic dominance analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Review of quantitative finance and accounting 7 (1996), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7179
    Schlagwort(e): time diversification ; stochastic dominance ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We use stochastic dominance to test whether investor should prefer riskier securities as the investment horizon lengthens. Return distributions for stocks, bonds, and U.S. Treasury bills are generated for holding periods of one to 25 years by simulation. For each holding period, stochastic dominance tests are run to establish preferences between the alternative security classes. Contrary to previous mean-variance based studies, we find no evidence that high-risk securities (stocks) dominate low-risk securities (bonds, Treasury bills) as the investment horizon lengthens. However, we do find that corporate bonds systematically dominate government bonds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245255
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Visualisation in the Simulation and Control of Economic Models (1997)
    Springer
    Computational economics 10 (1997), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Schlagwort(e): visualisation ; simulation ; linear quadratic control ; observer ; Kalmanfilter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Simulation of economic models is frequently used in the investigation of economic policy. Yet one of the problems with simulation is that it can be difficult to appreciate the model properties due to the nature of the simulation process. Stochastic simulation, for example, can produce large quantities of output which can be difficult to comprehend. Further, when mathematically sophisticated techniques such as the use of optimal control and Kalman Filtering are applied to models, the simulation process can become even more complex. Visualisation techniques in model building, simulation, and analysis of simulation output can help reduce the complexity. This is especially the case with interactive simulation. In this paper we investigate the use of visualisation in simulation by examining the application of optimal control techniques to a stochastic forward looking analytic economic model. We also use interactive object oriented simulation software where objects, such as components of models or graphs of outputs, can be visually manipulated to form simulation systems. We find that the use of visualisation can make the investigation of policy analysis issues with such models more comprehensible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008631912069
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technical Communication: Two-Phase Stochastic Dynamic Programming Model for Optimal Operation of Irrigation Reservoir (1997)
    Springer
    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 395-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): irrigation reservoirs ; operation ; water deficit ; yield response ; multicrop environment ; stochastic dynamicprogramming ; soil moisture ; water allocation ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract A two-phase stochastic dynamic programming model is developed for optimal operation of irrigation reservoirs under a multicrop environment. Under a multicrop environment, the crops compete for the available water whenever the water available is less than the irrigation demands. The performance of the reservoir depends on how the deficit is allocated among the competing crops. The proposed model integrates reservoir release decisions with water allocation decisions. The water requirements of crops vary from period to period and are determined from the soil moisture balance equation taking into consideration the contribution of soil moisture and rainfall for the water requirements of the crops. The model is demonstrated over an existing reservoir and the performance of the reservoir under the operating policy derived using the model is evaluated through simulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007914019102
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water Drainage in Layered Soils. Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulation (1997)
    Springer
    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 437-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): water first and second drainage ; layered unsaturated soil ; experiment ; γ-radiation ; simulation ; finite differences ; periodically changing head
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Experimental results during first and second drainage in a vertical column of saturated layered soil were compared to those predicted from simulation. The sample was composed of a sandyloam soil overlying a fine sand. The soil water content was measured by using γ-ray absorption method (241Am) and the water pressure through tensiometers, arranged vertically along the column and connected to pressure transducers. From the evaluation of moisture and pressure versus time, the characteristic curves Ψ(θ) of the layers were obtained and approximated by van Genuchten's analytical equation. The relationship K(θ) between hydraulic conductivity and moisture was estimated by van Genuchten's prediction model. Ψ(θ) and K(θ) equations were used as inputs in the numerical model. The drainage of water was simulated by Richard's partial differential equation, which was solved with the finite differences computational scheme type Laasonen. The upper and lower boundary conditions were zero flux and a periodically changing head respectively. Numerical results show a good agreement with experimental data, with small deviations for certain hours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007900415561
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance Risk Analysis for Fukuoka Water Supply System (1998)
    Springer
    Water resources management 12 (1998), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): risk ; reliability ; resiliency ; vulnerability ; drought risk index ; drought damage index ; simulation ; water supply ; reservoir operation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract In this study, simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the municipal water system in Fukuoka city. In combination with daily simulation model, a kind of risk model incorporating water demand prediction is presented. This model applies five risk indices: reliability, resiliency, vulnerability, drought risk index (DRI) and drought damage index (DDI). They aid in the identification of operation policies for the municipal water system, and the planning and operational policies obtained are aimed at achieving minimum risk for a given scenario of operation. In this paper, the performance risk of the municipal water system is investigated under three alternatives: (1) the existing system operation when available supply from the Chikugo river is decreased; (2) water restrictions for different percentages of reduction are implemented; and (3) available water supply increases when desalination of sea water is implemented. The results obtained show that savings of between 5 and 12% of water consumption from May 1, or increasing of daily desalination of sea water about 30 000 m3 or more, may efficiently decrease the performance risk of the Fukuoka water supply system. Potentials also exist for further increase of reservoir storage by more rational operation. The measure that more attention should be paid to increasing the water supply from stable sources is recommended as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007951806144
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Comparative Study of Two Methods for Modeling Soil Water Regime in Agricultural Fields (1998)
    Springer
    Water resources management 12 (1998), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): agrometeorological models ; PRZM ; simulation ; SWATRER ; water balance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Two methods widely used in agrometeorogical simulation models for describing field soil water regimes are compared and evaluated based on their ability to predict experimental data from a single field study. The first method is based on a numerical solution to the Richards' equation for describing water movement in the soil profile, while the second method is based on soil-water capacity terms. The evaluation of the performance of the two methods is based on goodness-of-fit statistics and graphical analysis. Results indicate that the first method is more accurate for both the upper and the lower soil zones; the second method, despite its low performance in the upper soil zone can adequately describe soil moisture conditions in the lower soil zones. Recommendations are made for model use based on comparison results, the intended model use, and the difficulty in the acquisition of required model inputs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008073824019
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Using Computer-Based Simulation Exercises to Teach Business Ethics (1997)
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 1 (1997), S. 163-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Schlagwort(e): business ; computer ; ethics ; experiential ; simulation ; teaching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper discusses how to introduce ethical dilemmas into computer-based business simulation exercise to teach business ethics. Simulations have an inherent advantage over other pedagogies for teaching ethics because simulations provide students with both an intellectual and a behavioral exposure to the topic. Issues addressed include considerations before writing ethical dilemmas, the writing of ethical dilemmas, and process issues for introducing ethical dilemmas. An example is developed and discussed. Through the process described, instructors can better prepare students for a lifetime of tough business decisions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009713431855
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Planning Model for the Fuerte-Carrizo Irrigation System, Mexico (1997)
    Springer
    Water resources management 11 (1997), S. 165-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): optimization ; linear programming ; simulation ; irrigation planning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract A methodology is presented for planning the operation of the Fuerte-Carrizo irrigation system in northwest Mexico. The system has two storage dams, two irrigation districts, and water transfer capabilities between both dams. The methodology uses a combination of linear programming (LP) and simulation. The LP model maximizes the net return of the farmers, subject to restrictions of the system, availability of water and land, and water transfer relationships. The simulation model is programmed as a microcomputer interactive package simulating the performance of the system. The methodology has proven to be a useful tool to assist those responsible for the operation of the irrigation system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007910530591
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