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  • Articles  (1,164)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,164)
  • Springer  (1,164)
  • 2000-2004  (1,164)
  • Technology  (1,164)
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  • Articles  (1,164)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning Force Microscopy of the Fine Structure of Cartilage Irradiated with a CO2 Laser (2000)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 15 (2000), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Cartilage; Laser heating; Proteoglycan; Scanning force microscopy; Tissue structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Alterations of the cartilage matrix structure under non-destructive laser irradiation have been investigated by scanning force microscopy. Porcine nasal septum cartilage was irradiated with a CO2 laser with a power density of 50 W/cm2 under two different time regimes: for 3 s and for 30 s. Short-time irradiation had little effect on the structure of the cartilage matrix. In comparison with non-irradiated cartilage, small channels of 100–400 nm in cross-section appeared. This observation gives evidence that the underlying mechanism of laser-induced stress relaxation of cartilage is based on short-time depolymerisation and subsequent re-formation of proteoglycan units. The 30 s laser treatment results in melting and denaturation of the matrix. For the first time, small crystals, 100–800 nm, were found on cut sections of the laser treated cartilage. The crystals mainly consist of resolvable sodium carbonate. Thus, they cannot be responsible for the formation of a stable cartilage configuration after laser treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumour Cell Damage and Leucocyte Infiltration after Laser Immunotherapy Treatment (2000)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 15 (2000), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Cancer treatment; Cell infiltration; Glycated chitosan; Immune response; Indocyanine green; Photothermal tumour cell destruction; Tumour morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Immune response after laser-photosensitiser application could be crucial in treatment of cancers, because without it there could be no systemic, long-term tumour control. Laser immunotherapy, a novel method for treatment of metastatic tumours, uses a near-infrared laser, a laser-absorbing dye indocyanine green, and an immunoadjuvant glycated chitosan. This modality has shown an induced antitumour immune response in treatment of rat mammary metastatic tumours. The influence of this new method on the cellular structure of the tumours and on the infiltrating immune cells was studied using optical and electron microscopes. The tumour samples were examined before and immediately after the treatment for acute effects, which appeared mainly photothermal. Two weeks after treatment, significant infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells were found around the surviving tumour cells. These morphological findings suggest that both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses could be responsible for the observed tumour eradication and induced long-term tumour resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050046
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence Photodiagnostics and Photobleaching Studies of Cancerous Lesions using Ratio Imaging and Spectroscopic Techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 15 (2000), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: 5-Aminolaevulinic acid; Fluorescence imaging; Optical biopsy; Photodiagnostics; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Topical or systemic administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid results in biosynthesis of the photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) with some selectivity for malignant lesions. Excitation near 400 nm excites both intrinsic green tissue autofluorescence and red fluorescence from PpIX which may be exploited for the optical diagnosis of malignant and premalignant disease. In this work the utility of a cooled 12-bit single chip charge-coupled device (CCD) colour camera was investigated for photodiagnostic fluorescence ratio imaging. The red to green fluorescence intensity ratios were calculated for each pixel in real-time and fluorescence ratio images were displayed typically at a rate of 2 frames/s. Laboratory tests of fluorescence ratio imaging showed good contrast enhancement between control tissues and tissue phantoms and those containing porphyrin photosensitisers. In preliminary clinical tests, a clear demarcation between neoplastic/cancerous lesions and adjacent normal tissue was demonstrated. The extent of PpIX photobleaching during photodynamic therapy was also investigated using fluorescence ratio imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050049
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular Phototoxicity of Photofrin-II and Lutetium Texaphyrin in Cells In Vitro (2000)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 15 (2000), S. 109-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Endothelial cell; Fluorescence detection; Laser microirradiation; Lutetium texaphryin; Photodynamic therapy; Photofrin II; Photosensitiser; Subcellular phototoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Three cell types including bovine pulmonary artery endothelium cells (CPAE), rat kangaroo kidney cells (PTK2), and human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cells (Hep-2) were used to study subcellular localisation and phototoxicity of Photofrin-II and lutetium texaphyrin (Lu Tex). Cells were examined for fluorescence after administration of the photosensitisers. Subcellular regions were exposed with a laser microbeam system that used an argon ion laser pumped dye laser generating a 630 nm for Photofrin-II and 730 nm for Lu Tex. Fluorescence detection suggests that the Photofrin-II is bound primarily to the mitochondria with some diffuse fluorescence in the rest of the cytoplasm. The fluorescence in Lu Tex treated cells appears to be localised to the lysosomes. The percentage of damaged cells following light exposure to the different subcellular regions after Photofrin-II or Lu Tex treatment demonstrates that the nuclear region was the most sensitive target followed by the perinuclear region and peripheral cytoplasm region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050056
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Signposting’, A Parameter-driven Task-based Model of the Design Process (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 18-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words:Aerospace design – Computer-aided design – Conceptual design – Design guidelines – Knowledge-based systems – Knowledge modelling – Mechanical design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: This paper addresses the need for computer support in aerospace design. A review of current design methodologies and computer support tools is presented, and the need for further support is discussed, with particular reference to the early formative stages of the design process. A parameter-based model of design is proposed, founded on the assumption that a design process can be constructed from a predefined set of tasks. This is supported by knowledge of possible tasks in which the confidence in key design parameters is used as a basis for identifying, or signposting, the next task. A prototype implementation of the signposting model, for use in the design of helicopter rotor blades, is described and results from trials of the tool are presented. Further areas of research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630050021
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Method for Architecting Product Platforms (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words:Product families – Product platforms, Product portfolio architecture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Consider a group of products sharing common parts and assemblies. The products in question we call a product family, and the common elements, the platform. In this paper, we present a method for designing product platforms and the derived family that takes into consideration both the technical performance requirements as well as the cost of the product family. The design of a platform-based product family is formulated as a general optimization problem in which the advantages of designing a common platform must be balanced against the constraints of the individual product variants and constraints of the family as a whole. This optimization approach forms the basis for a practical implementation as an interactive, team-based negotiation model for designing a family of interplanetary spacecraft based on a common platform. The approach is used to consider and specify different subsystems that could be made common to all the missions. It is also used to evaluate the impact of those platform design decisions on the performance of the product family, and thus be able to select from among feasible platform designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630050024
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination Approaches and Systems – Part II: An Operational Perspective (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words: Coordination – Monitoring – Planning – Resource management – Scheduling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: This is the second of two papers surveying research in coordination approaches and systems. This paper is concerned with operational coordination, which is aimed at coordinating activities such that the design process can be performed in a near optimal manner with respect to time, and the allocation and utilisation of resources. Aspects of coordination categorised as operational include resource management, scheduling and planning. The first of these two papers presents a review of coordination from a strategic perspective, which is concerned with the decision management aspects of coordination. Greater emphasis is now being placed on the significance of organising the design process as this affects time to market, product quality, cost, and consequently product success. The aim of this paper is to present a fundamental review of operational coordination approaches and systems. The 1990s has seen much progress being made towards a greater understanding and appreciation of coordination in various disciplines through the development of a wide range of approaches and systems. However, there remains a requirement to formally identify the key issues involved in coordination such that a widely accepted representation can be agreed upon. Consequently, research should continue to be supported in the exploration for a unified approach to coordination which will permit a broader and greater understanding of those aspects involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630012073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internet-Based Design Catalogue for the Shaft and Bearing (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words: Active server pages – Bearing – Design catalogue – Internet – Shaft – World Wide Web
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: The Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are evolving as an important communication technology. This paper examines the development of an Internet-based online catalogue on the WWW. An interactive website is prepared that helps a remote designer to design shafts and bearings based on various input parameters provided. The web site also provides solid models of the shaft to perform CAD and FEM analysis. This permits the user to make further investigations, and helps to modify the design satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630050031
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shaping the Process of Fluid Power System Design Applying an Expert System (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 8-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words:Design process – Expert system – Fluid power
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Based on an industrial survey with experts, this paper discusses relevant aspects regarding the way in which fluid power systems are designed. The paper briefly describes a computational support tool, developed as a prototype, to improve the design process in this area. The description includes issues of knowledge representation, domain selection, the expert system design process and validation; it also presents a development time frame and industrial potential related to the system. The paper suggests ways of applying such system in order to provide a training facility for new engineers and an empowering tool for experiencing designers, to integrate different knowledge sources in a computational environment, and to apply Internet technologies to facilitate communications among design agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630050020
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination Approaches and Systems – Part I: A Strategic Perspective (2000)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 12 (2000), S. 48-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Key words:Cooperation – Design coordination – Organisation models – Project management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: This is the first part of a two-part paper presenting a fundamental review and summary of research of design coordination and cooperation technologies. The theme of this review is aimed at the research conducted within the decision management aspect of design coordination. The focus is therefore on the strategies involved in making decisions and how these strategies are used to satisfy design requirements. The paper reviews research within collaborative and coordinated design, project and workflow management, and, task and organization models. The research reviewed has attempted to identify fundamental coordination mechanisms from different domains, however it is concluded that domain independent mechanisms need to be augmented with domain specific mechanisms to facilitate coordination. Part II is a review of design coordination from an operational perspective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001630050023
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