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  • Artikel  (328)
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (328)
  • nitrogen  (328)
  • Springer  (328)
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  • 2000-2004  (60)
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  • Artikel  (328)
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (328)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): EPG ; stylectomy ; phloem amino acids ; nitrogen ; aphid-plant interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of nitrogen deficiency in hydroponically grown barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) on the development and reproduction of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were investigated. Plant growth was significantly reduced in seedlings grown without nitrogen. Aphid intrinsic rate of increase (r m) was also significantly lower on these plants compared with that on plants grown with 8 mol m−3 nitrogen. Phloem sap was collected from seedling stems by aphid stylectomy and amino acids quantified by HPLC. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of non-essential amino acids as a group, but not of essential amino acids. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) indicated that aphids reached the phloem more quickly and fed for longer on plants grown with nitrogen. This is the first reported study in which this combination of techniques has been used to understand the interactions of an aphid and plant under different environmental conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 225-238 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lymantria dispar (L.) ; diet switching ; nitrogen ; specialization ; plant-animal interactions ; insect behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)) larvae were reared from hatch on 1.25% N or 3.5% N artificial diet (previous diet) and switched reciprocally to the other diet (current diet) after molting into the second, third, fourth, or fifth instar. The nitrogen concentration of food consumed during previous instars had a strong residual effect on the growth rate in subsequent instars when a diet switch was made during instars two through four, but did not affect growth rate of fifth-instar larvae despite effects on food consumption and utilization. In early instars, larvae reared on 1.25% N artificial diet and then switched to 3.75% N diet had lower mass-adjusted growth rates than larvae continuously reared on 3.75% N diet. Conversely, larvae reared on 3.75% N diet and switched to 1.25% N had higher mass-adjusted growth rates than larvae reared continuously on 1.25% N diet. Relative to larvae previously reared on 1.25% N diet, fifth-instar male larvae previously reared on 3.75% N diet had slightly lower consumption rates, higher net growth efficiency (ECD), and higher gross growth efficiency (ECI). Larvae previously reared on 3.75% N diet tended to have lower food assimilation efficiency (AD) and lower nitrogen assimilation efficiency (AD(N)). Although both previous and current diet nitrogen concentration strongly affected larval growth and food utilization, the interaction term between these was not significant for any response variables except ECD and ECI. Because the interaction term reflects the effect of switching per se, the results indicate that there was a metabolic cost associated with switching, but no inherent net cost or benefit of diet-switching to growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Plutella xylostella ; Trichoplusia ni ; Hellula phidilealis ; Artogeia rapae ; nitrogen ; population growth ; cabbage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 45, 90, and 168 kg N/ha), plant nitrogen concentration, and plant biomass on abundance and population growth of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), cabbage budworm, Hellula phidilealis (Walker), imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae (L.), and cross-striped cabbageworm, Evergestis rimosalis (Guenée), were investigated in Homestead and Sanford, Florida in 1987. The effects of these factors on the parasitization of P. xylostella were also examined. In Homestead, abundance of most insect pests and parasitized P. xylostella increased with an increase in the level of N applied and with an increase in plant biomass. Similar results were found in Sanford, although results were not consistently significant. Abundance of most insect pests was significantly positively correlated with plant N concentration. Multiple regression analyses indicated that foliar biomass was significantly more important than N fertilization rate and subsequent plant N concentration at predicting abundance of insect pests and parasitized P. xylostella on cabbage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): acetylene ion ; complex ; hydrogen ; nitrogen ; argon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The complexes formed by the positive acetylene ion with the hydrogen molecule, the nitrogen molecule, and the argon atom are investigated with ab initio calculations using the 6-311G** and the 6-31+G(2df,2pd) basis sets. MP2/6-311G** energies and optimum geometries are obtained, as well as single-point MP3, MP4, and QCISD(T) energies with the MP2/6-311G** optimized geometries. Single-point calculations are performed with the 6-31+G(2df,2pd) basis set at MP2/6-311G** optimized geometries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 335-348 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Solubility ; Henry's law coefficients ; Ostwald coefficients ; aqueous solutions ; nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The solubility of nitrogen in pure liquid water was measured in the pressure range 45 to 115 kPa and in the temperature range 5 to 50°C. These data are used to obtain Henry coefficients H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) at the vapor pressure P s,1 of water. The temperature dependence of H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) is accounted for by both a Clarke-Glew (CG) type fitting equation, and a power series in T−1, as suggested by Benson and Krause (BK). The imprecision of our measurements is characterized by an average deviation of ±0.038% from a four-term CG equation, and by an average deviation of ±0.042% from a three-term BK equation. From the temperature variation of H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) partial molar quantities referring to the solution process, such as enthalpies and heat capacities of solution, are obtained. They are given in tabular form, together with H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) and derived Ostwald coefficients L∞, at rounded temperatures. Finally, experimental results are compared with values calculated via scaled particle theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 13 (1992), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia ; synthesis ; nitrogen ; rate-determining step ; potassium promotion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The simple concept of a single rate-determining step, the dissociation of N2(a), in ammonia synthesis is inconsistent with experimental results. It is proposed that three reaction steps, N2(a) → 2N(a) (1) N(a) + H(a)→NH(a) (2) NH3(a)→NH3(g) (3) are dominant in determining the rate of synthesis. Under industrial conditions reactions (2) and (3) are more important than (1). The role of K+ as promoter in these reactions is discussed, especially as an “anchor” for adsorbed oxygen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 16 (1992), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemisorption ; nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; platinum ; water gas shift reaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between sites responsible for nitrogen chemisorption and sites responsible for stronger adsorption of carbon dioxide on platinum black is reported. A 2 to 1 ratio has been found between molecules of more strongly adsorbed carbon dioxide and molecules of nitrogen chemisorbed on individual samples. This relationship has allowed us to deduce the structure of chemisorbed carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is relatively weakly chemisorbed on platinum. Reasons for the weakness of this chemisorption are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 53 (1991), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Schlagwort(e): Lake ecosystem ; chl-a ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; river flow ; thermocline ; simulation model ; multiple regression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The management variables which primarily affect phytoplankton biomass (as chl-a) in Lake Mjøsa, Norway, are total phosphorus loading (TP) and the timing and volume of water through flow (by active storage reservoirs). The response of the lake to changes in these factors is studied using a simulation model of the lake ecosystem. Chl-a responses from both observed data and the simulated results are extracted by multiple regression. Results show that decreasing TP load decreases chl-a, but less at low TP levels (〈 10 mg TP · m−3). There is also a certain time period for peak river flow which gives the least yield of chl-a per unit TP. This time period occurs in early summer (i.e., around June 10) if the total phosphorus load is low, and later if the load is high. Both observations and simulation results show that a high water flow increases chl-a at low epilimnion depths (〈 15 m), but that the same high water flow decreases chl-a when epilmnion is deep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Alsophila pometaria ; Geometridae ; Anisota senatoria ; Citheroniidae ; Quercus ; nutritional ecology ; herbivory ; nutritional indices ; consumption ; growth ; utilization efficiency ; nitrogen ; water ; tannins ; phenols ; gut pH ; digestive enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Alimentées sur feuillage jeune de chêne, les chenilles d'Alsophila pometaria avaient un taux relatif de croissance (RGR) et un taux relatif d'accumulation d'azote (RNAR) plus élevés que les chenilles d'Anisota senatoria alimentées sur feuillage mûr de chêne. Bien que le jeune feuillage soit plus efficacement digéré par A. pometaria (AD plus élevé), il n'est pas assimilé et utilisé pour la croissance avec de meilleurs rendements (les ECI ne sont pas différents). Ainsi le taux de croissance plus élevé d'A. pometaria est dû entièrement à un taux de consommation plus important (RCR et RNCR). Le feuillage jeune est significativement plus riche en azote et en eau que le feuillage mûr, mais les niveaux de phénol et de tanins sont les mêmes. A pometaria consomme les feuilles de différentes espèces de chênes au même taux, indépendamment de la teneur en azote, tandis que A. senatoria accroît sa consommation en réponse à une diminution de la teneur en azote. Il en résulte que le taux de croissance d'A. pometaria dépend directement de la teneur en azote des feuilles, tandis que celui d'A. senatoria en est indépendant. Les systèmes digestifs des deux insectes sont biochimiquement semblables et sont efficaces pour la digestion des protéines. Les tanins et les phénols n'influent pas sur les indices nutritionnels de ces deux espèces. Nous estimons que le principal intérêt de l'alimentation printanière est la disponibilité en feuillage succulent, riche en azote, et non l'absence de feuilles à haute teneur en tanin. L'alimentation printanière semble correspondre à une strategie alimentaire qui favorise la croissance aux dépens de l'efficacité tandis que l'alimentation en fin d'été est une stratégie qui favorise l'efficacité sur la rapidité.
    Notizen: Abstract The larvae of Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), feeding on the young foliage of oak, has a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and relative nitrogen accumulation rate (RNAR) than the larvae of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), feeding on the mature foliage of oak. Although the young oak foliage is more efficiently digested by A. pometaria (higher AD's), it is not more efficiently assimilated and used for growth (no difference in ECI's). Thus, the higher growth rate of A. pometaria is due entirely to a higher consumption rate (RCR and RNCR). Young foliage is significantly higher in nitrogen and water than mature foliage, but phenol and tannin levels are comparable in young and old foliage. A. pometaria consumes the foliage of different oak species at the same rate, independent of nitrogen content, while A. senatoria increases its consumption rate in response to decreased nitrogen levels. As a result, the growth rate of A. pometaria is directly related to leaf nitrogen content, while the growth rate of A. senatoria is independent of leaf nitrogen. The two species of insects have digestive systems that are very similar biochemically, and that are well-designed for effective protein digestion. Tannins and phenols do not influence the nutrional indices of either species. We suggest that the major benefit of spring feeding is the availability of succulent, high-nitrogen foliage, and not the avoidance of high-tannin foliage. The spring feeder appears to have a feeding strategy that favors rapid growth at the expense of efficiency, while the late summer feeder has a strategy that favors efficiency over rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): ryegrass ; Oscinella frit ; Geomyza tripunctata ; nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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