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  • Articles  (76)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (76)
  • Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.  (76)
  • 2005-2009  (76)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unemployment and Trade Liberalisation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: In contrast to the focus of the public debate over trade liberalisation on job losses there is a widespread view among economists that unemployment and trade issues should be considered separately. This view cannot be justified theoretically, and ignores the growing number of general equilibrium trade models with unemployment. In a simple model with an exogenous wage floor, trade liberalisation can lead to either gains or losses depending on the production technology, severity of the factor market distortion, factor intensities of the industries and conditions in trading partners. Definite results can be derived about gains from liberalising trade with lower wage floors, about relative abundance of the unemployed factor dampening losses when trade is liberalised, and about gains when the good which uses the unemployed factor is exported. The theoretical models are then linked to the policy modelling literature, using the example of recent Australian controversies over liberalisation of trade in automobiles and textiles. It is argued that trade liberalisation would be better advanced by including endogenous employment in trade policy simulation exercises and by discussing employment effects rather than brushing them aside as temporary adjustment problems or regional difficulties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00723.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Books Received (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00739.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:MARCUS HAACKER (ed.), The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS.C. FRED BERGSTEN and JOHN WILLIAMSON (eds), Dollar Adjustment: How Far? Against What?EILÍS FERRAN, Building an EU Securities Market.GARY S. FIELDS and GUY PFEFFERMANN (eds), Pathways Out of Poverty: Private Firms and Economic Mobility in Developing Countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00738.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the Poverty Impacts of a Prospective Doha Development Agenda (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper summarises the findings from a major international research project on the poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda. It draws on an intensive analysis of the DDA Framework Agreement and associated scenarios. The implications for world markets are established using a global modelling framework, the outputs of which form the basis for a dozen country case studies of the national poverty impacts of the DDA scenarios. Liberalisation targets under the DDA have to be quite ambitious if the round is to have a measurable impact on poverty. We expect the near-term poverty impacts to be mixed; some countries experience small poverty increases and others more substantial poverty declines. On balance, poverty is reduced under the core DDA scenario, and this reduction is more pronounced in the longer run. Deeper cuts in developing country tariffs are found to make the DDA more poverty friendly. It is also clear that, in order to generate significant poverty reductions in the near term, complementary domestic reforms are required to enable households to take advantage of the new market opportunities. Over the long run, sustained poverty reduction depends on stimulating economic growth, which suggests that trade reforms must go beyond tariffs and subsidies, also addressing barriers to services trade and investment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00729.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Remarks on Reforming WTO AD/CVD Rules (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: In these remarks, I argue that a plausible reason that anti-dumping actions are so widely abused for protectionist purposes is that they represent a rare instance of essentially unilateral actions that are permissible within the WTO: under the banner of anti-dumping actions, governments can block imports and provide their industries with import relief without fear of retaliation or demands for compensation from their trading partners. Cognisant of the great potential for abuse of anti-dumping actions, the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VI represents an extraordinarily detailed attempt by WTO member governments to ‘reign in’ this potential through a detailed set of rules governing the acceptable methodologies and procedures for initiating anti-dumping actions. But as long as the underlying incentives for abuse remain, governments are likely to continue to find new and increasingly ingenious ways to respond to these incentives without running afoul of the rules. To create incentives for the use of anti-dumping measures that are more in line with a cooperative international environment, I suggest extending WTO compensation provisions to cover anti-dumping actions. In this way, the WTO might in effect ‘harness retaliation’ and convert it into a tool of international order in the area of anti-dumping actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00703.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trade Logistics in Developing Countries: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of obstacles facing exporting firms in developing countries by diagnosing the efficiency of trade logistics in the Middle East and North Africa region (MNA). Using logistics chain analysis for six export commodities, it presents evidence that transport and non-transport logistics costs for export commodities from the MNA region are quite substantial, ranging from 7–25 per cent of landed product prices. Underlying these costs are key bottlenecks identified as: inefficient trucking and transport services, low export volume leading to long shipping times and the need for costly inventory accumulation, aggressive, obstructive customs authorities and procedures, low and inconsistent product quality, an underdeveloped transport intermediary sector, inefficient cross-border transit procedures and others. Recommended actions to address developing a national transport policy, overhauling the regulatory regime for the trucking sector, export promotion measures, increasing competition in port and air freight services, reorienting customs authorities towards trade facilitation and developing cross-border transit procedures similar to the TIR Carnets model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00620.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E D I T O R I A L (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00216.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are You Sitting Comfortably? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article shows how consideration of seating arrangements in theatres can be used as a basis for constructing an interesting probability model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00217.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Price is Right (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article considers some probability calculations for a television game show.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00218.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Going MAD in Degrees of Unfairness! (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article discusses concepts of unfairness in allocations of objects (coins) to positions (students) and introduces possible measures for unfairness based on intuition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00219.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Closer Look at a Relatively Neglected Mean (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The self-weighted mean (WS) – in which each value is weighted by itself – is presented in several contexts and illustrated. It is incorporated in a set of more familiar means. Intuitions concerning WS are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00220.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FISH: A New Computer Program for Friendly Introductory Statistics Help (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: All introductory statistics students must master certain basic descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations and correlations. Students must also gain insight into such complex concepts as the central limit theorem and standard error. This article introduces and describes the Friendly Introductory Statistics Help (FISH) computer program, which is free and easy-to-use software designed to help students learn such introductory statistical concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00221.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public Opinion Polls, Chicken Soup and Sample Size (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Cooking and tasting chicken soup in three different pots of very different size serves to demonstrate that it is the absolute sample size that matters the most in determining the accuracy of the findings of the poll, not the relative sample size, i.e. the size of the sample in relation to its population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00222a.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REVIEW (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00222b.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STATISTICAL DIVERSIONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00223a.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPETITION REPORT (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00223b.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEWS & NOTES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00224.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IASE Matter - Autumn 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00225.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDITORIAL (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00203.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bluebells and Bias, Stitchwort and Statistics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Infants are not too young to engage in real, useful statistical work. This activity allowed comparisons between distributions of two species of flowers in three different habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00204.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    We Can Still Learn About Probability by Rolling Dice and Tossing Coins (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Rolling dice and tossing coins can still be used to teach probability even if students know (or think they know) what happens in these experiments. This article considers many simple variations of these experiments which are interesting, potentially enjoyable and challenging. Using these variations can cause students (and teachers) to think again about the statistical issues involved – and learn in the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00205.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Upper Bound on Standard Deviation as a Function of Range (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article disproves a conjecture that the ratio of the maximum standard deviation to the range of a set of data decreases as the number of data points increases. It also provides an alternative and more general approach for examining the standard deviation as a function of the range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00206.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Microsoft Office to Generate Individualized Tasks for Students (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article describes how the mail merge facility within Microsoft Word can be used in conjunction with Microsoft Excel to generate personalized assignments for students at all levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00207.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constructivism in the Statistics Classroom: From Theory to Practice (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article discusses the theory and practice of constructivism and suggests a way to move from the theory into the practice of it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00208.x
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEW (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00212.x
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean and Variance through Factorial Moments (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article shows how the use of factorial moments provides a simple, consistent yet elegant approach to finding the mean and variance of standard discrete probability distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00209.x
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IASE Matters–Summer 2005 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00215.x
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation as Unalikeability (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article discusses concepts of variability and suggests a possible alternative measure that appears to support some students’ intuition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00210.x
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STATISTICAL DIVERSIONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.0211.x
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE C. OSWALD GEORGE PRIZE (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.0213.x
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  • 31
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    NEWS & NOTES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 32
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    TEACHING STATISTICS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00187.x
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  • 33
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    Experiences from Teaching Statistics Using Directed Projects in Greek Elementary School (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this article, we present the main findings of an experiment which involves teaching statistics in the 5th and 6th grade classes of Greek elementary schools. This experiment focused on the evaluation of the potentials of teaching statistical concepts and methods using directed projects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00188.x
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  • 34
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    The Monty Hall Three Doors Problem (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this article, we study the Monty Hall three doors problem. A fully general solution and several new approaches are presented, including a Bayesian analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00190.x
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  • 35
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    A ‘Striking’ Demonstration of the Poisson Distribution (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article describes a simple classroom activity that helps students immediately visualize and understand the meaning and mathematical properties of the Poisson distribution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00189.x
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  • 36
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    PRIZE CROSSWORD (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00191.x
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  • 37
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    Means and Variances without Calculus (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    Teaching statistics 27 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article gives a method of finding discrete approximations to continuous probability density functions and shows examples of its use, allowing students without calculus access to the calculation of means and variances.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2005.00192.x
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  • 38
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    A Comparison of Strategies for Playing Even Money Bets in Roulette (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article discusses some strategies for playing roulette, making use of the binomial distribution and Normal approximation.
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    STATISTICAL DIVERSIONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    A Random Variable Related to the Inversion Vector of a Partial Random Permutation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this article, we define the inversion vector of a permutation of the integers 1, 2, . . . , n. We set up a particular kind of permutation, called a partial random permutation. The sum of the elements of the inversion vector of such a permutation is a random variable of interest.
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    Calculator Statistics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    MINITAB 14 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    IASE Matters (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    LETTER TO THE EDITOR (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    THANKS TO THE REFEREES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    NEWS & NOTES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    LOOK AHEAD (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    The Political Economy of Reforming the Anti-dumping Laws (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: In the idealised economic world in which economists usually begin their theoretical analyses, the first-best international policy for dealing with dumping is to eliminate the economic distortions that make dumping possible, e.g., tariffs, subsidies and monopoly power, and deal with relevant equity considerations through lump-sum income redistribution. But this combination of policies generally is not politically feasible, and the use of second-best policies is the only realistic option. Consequently, for academic economists seeking achievable AD reform, the most promising approach may be to work toward the elimination of the many current administrative practices that unfairly injure groups not directly involved in the petitioning process but accept that there can be practical circumstances where the equity concerns of petitioners trump overall efficiency objectives.
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    Trade Policy Issues in a Small African Economy: The Trade Policy Review of The Gambia 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Notes: The Gambia displays many of the classic characteristics of a small open economy, with the vulnerabilities that implies. The sum of its imports and exports are around 100 per cent of GDP, with a limited number of export commodities and a wide variety of imports, including some key staple foods. The Trade Policy Review of The Gambia 2004 provides a very helpful review and assessment of current trade patterns and policies. The latter rely predominantly on import and export taxes. While quite substantial trade reform measures have been implemented recently, these have led to only a very small reduction in the average tariff rate, and trade policy displays a substantial anti-export bias. Other important issues highlighted by the Trade Policy Review include serious capacity constraints relating to trade policy, and a failure to discuss connections between trade policy and growth and poverty reduction – again common characteristics of many small economies.
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    Turkey: Trade Policy Review (2005)
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the paper is to discuss the main issues highlighted in the Trade Policy Review: Turkey 2003. The paper studies first the main developments in Turkey's trade regime and trade performance. Next it discusses Turkish trade policy emphasising the measures affecting imports, exports and foreign direct investment. The paper points out that agriculture is highly protected, and that autonomous reforms have been implemented in some of the services sectors of the economy. Since joining the EU will require Turkey to adopt and implement the whole body of EU legislation – the acquis communautaire– in all areas, Turkey needs to liberalise its agricultural and services sectors further. Finally, the paper discusses an issue that has largely been neglected in Trade Policy Reviews. It is the sustainability of current account. The paper stresses that Turkey needs to pay close attention to the sustainability of the current account.
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    Bilateral ‘WTO-Plus’ Free Trade Agreements: The WTO Trade Policy Review of Singapore 2004 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The World Trade Organisation's 2004 Trade Policy Review of Singapore (WTO-TPR Singapore 2004) depicts the small and outward-oriented economy as one of the most open countries to international trade and investment. The review highlights the benefits of the outward-oriented strategy that has enabled the Singapore economy to weather recent external shocks such as the Asian financial crisis to the SARS and to the recent unfavourable conditions in the Middle East. In particular, the report commended Singapore's efforts on its liberalisation of the services sector and its economic benefits to consumers and global trade. However, the WTO-TPR Singapore 2004 highlights several key areas of concerns: (a) the commitment to multilateral agreements with the rising number of bilateral free trade agreements signed by Singapore and (b) the lack of growth of total factor productivity, a key indicator for long-run efficiency of the economy. The paper addresses the above key concerns raised in the WTO's TPR of Singapore in terms of its commitment to global trade in terms of WTO-plus bilateral FTAs, which intends to support a multilateral trading system, and its overall industrial strategies to raise its competitiveness.
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    2004 Trade Policy Review – The United States (2005)
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    Notes: Many of the findings of the seventh Trade Policy Review of the United States are similar to those reached in earlier reviews: the US is unanimously acknowledged as having an open and transparent system; the US economy has remained amongst the world's most competitive, and has continued to support global growth by keeping its import market largely open. This review finds, however, that the US has developed a disturbing pattern of non-compliance with WTO rules. During the period of review the United States enacted policies, most notably the infamous Byrd Amendment and the 2001–02 steel safeguard action, that were found to be clear violations of its WTO obligations. Despite these and other such findings, the United States has obstinately refused to bring its domestic statutes in line with WTO rules. In addition, in recent years the United States’ aggressive pursuit of regional and bilateral initiatives has led many Members to question whether the United States is committed to the multilateral approach espoused by the WTO. Overall, despite the US's many virtues, Member countries expressed concern that the US's stated leadership of and commitment to the WTO is not matched by its actions.
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    Agricultural Liberalisation and the Least Developed Countries: Six Fallacies (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Today, agriculture remains the most distorted sector of the world economy. Therefore, agricultural liberalisation in the Doha negotiations is rightly the top priority. But the public-policy discourse on the subject remains fogged by a number of fallacies. These fallacies probably originated with the leadership of the World Bank but have now been embraced by the IMF, OECD, Oxfam and the leading academic critics of globalisation. The paper identifies six fallacies and offers evidence and analysis to debunk them: (1) Agricultural border protection and subsidies are largely a developed-country phenomenon. (2) Developed-country agricultural subsidies and protection hurt the poorest developing countries most. (3) Developed-country subsidies and protection hurt the poor, rural households in the poorest countries. (4) Developed-country agricultural protection and subsidies constitute the principal barrier to the development of the poorest developing countries. (5) Agricultural protection reflects double standard and hypocrisy on the part of the developed countries. (6) What the donor countries give with one hand (aid), they take away with the other (farm subsidies).
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    Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. The World Bank's Linkage model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha Round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries. Real returns to farmland and unskilled labour, and real net farm incomes, would rise substantially in those developing-country regions, thereby helping to reduce poverty. A Doha partial liberalisation could take the world some way towards those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut, and the more not just high-income but also developing countries choose to engage in the process of reform.
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    Over-optimism and the IMF (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: One way of assessing the impact of IMF programmes is to see whether performance and policy targets are achieved. However, does a failure to hit targets mean that the programmes have been unsuccessful, or could it be that targets have been too ambitious? This paper analyses political economy factors impinging on governments and on the IMF that may lead to serial over-optimism. It goes on to examine the empirical evidence that is consistent with over-optimism. Having considered whether over-optimism is a cause for concern, and concluded that it is, the paper considers reforms that would allow realism to replace it. By eliminating over-optimism it is argued that the psychology of failure surrounding IMF programmes could be significantly reduced or even broken.
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    Multilateral Agricultural Trade Liberalisation: The Contrasting Fortunes of Developing Countries in the Doha Round (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: An applied general equilibrium model is used to assess the impact of multilateral trade liberalisation in agriculture, with particular emphasis on developing countries. We use original data, and the model includes some specific features such as a dual labour market. Applied tariffs, including those under preferential regimes and regional agreements, are taken into account at the detailed product level, together with the corresponding bound tariffs on which countries negotiate. The various types of farm support are detailed, and several groups of developing countries are distinguished. Simulations give a contrasted picture of the benefits developing countries would draw from the Doha development round. The results suggest that previous studies have neglected preferential agreements and the binding overhang (in tariffs as well as domestic support), and have treated developing countries with a high level of aggregation and been excessively optimistic about the actual benefits of multilateral trade liberalisation. Regions like sub-Saharan Africa are more likely to suffer from the erosion of existing preferences. The main gainers of the Doha Round are likely to be developed countries and Cairns Group members.
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    Market Access Liberalisation in the Doha Round: Scenarios and Assessment (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The modalities of negotiation on market access for agricultural and non-agricultural products are an important item of the Doha Development Agenda. The dispersion of tariffs remains very large, translating into sizeable economic distortions. In particular, tariff peaks are numerous and highly protective. This is why the choice of a formula of reduction in tariffs is a sensitive issue. Using the MAcMaps database, we apply various formulas excluding or including peaks at the most detailed level of information on tariffs, considering preferential schemes conceded so far. The resulting changes in tariffs are introduced in a CGE exercise using Mirage. We find that trade and welfare gains are halved when excluding peaks from the negotiations.
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    Offshore Financial Centres in the Caribbean: Prospects in a New Environment (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper reviews the development of offshore financial activities in the English-speaking Caribbean islands and takes stock of the size of these sectors today, and analyses the future prospects. A number of Caribbean jurisdictions are market leaders in the offshore products they offer and have identified the growth of this sector as a development strategy. Established centres in the Bahamas, Barbados and Cayman Islands have managed to become global players and have generated sizeable gains in employment and income. However, in view of the heightened concerns by the international community about money laundering and more recently, terrorist financing, the costs of compliance and risks to countries of having or establishing offshore sectors have risen considerably. This is particularly relevant to the newer entrants, with significant regulatory differences from international standards. The paper assesses the risks, benefits and costs of compliance with international best practices for established and newer offshore jurisdictions. The paper asks the questions whether offshore jurisdictions constitute a sustainable development strategy and concludes that for nascent jurisdictions, the gains are very small.
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    Donors’ Mechanisms for Financing International and National Public Goods: Loans or Grants? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates whether three classes of donors – multilateral organisations, regional institutions and bilateral donors – tailor their mix of grants and loans to reflect international benefit spillovers and recipient-specific benefits, derived from aid-funded activities in developing and transition countries. To account for recipient benefit shares, donors should use a greater share of grants when supported activities yield a larger portion of international public benefits. A greater reliance on loans is appropriate when a large portion of recipient-specific benefits are associated with the assistance. By reflecting recipient benefit shares in the grant-loan mix, donors’ assistance also promotes allocative efficiency. Using the Credit Reporting System (CRS) database from OECD for 1980–2000, our analysis establishes that various donor classes apply different grant-loan mixtures when supporting the environment, health, knowledge and governance sectors of recipient countries. We employ analysis of variance and other statistical comparisons of the means to investigate differences among donor classes. We demonstrate that bilateral donors do the best job in tailoring their grant-loan mix to accord with the extent of international public good benefits embodied in the aid-supported activity. Multilateral organisations’ grant-loan mix is intermediate of the three types of donors, with some evidence of them relying more on grants to finance activities that possess a larger share of international public good spillovers. Regional institutions, however, do not discriminate their grant-loan mix by either sectors or the associated public good spillovers. This finding suggests that regional development banks need to adjust their grant-loan mix to better account for international benefit spillovers if these institutions are to warrant the increased funds to underwrite regional public goods that they have been seeking. If, however, their mix is institutionally set, then the stakeholders must give these institutions greater flexibility to tailor their grants and loans to who benefits from the aid-supported public goods. This is the first paper to empirically ascertain whether the grant-loan mix is tied to the inherent publicness of the aid-funded activities.
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    The Political Economy of Trade Protection: The Determinants and Welfare Impact of the 2002 US Emergency Steel Safeguard Measures (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyses the political economy of trade protection in the context of the factors determining the US Emergency Safeguard Measures for steel imposed in March 2002. The paper identifies several factors in addition to the official justification of problems of global over-capacity and the penetration of imports in the US market, namely the continued failure to restructure poorly performing firms, failure of previous attempts at protection and the influence of the domestic steel lobby and short-term political gains to the Bush administration of protectionist action. The paper also reviews several ex ante and ex post empirical studies of the impact of the steel Safeguards on the steel industry and downstream steel-consuming activities. All of these studies find that the costs of the Safeguard Measures outweighed their benefits in terms of aggregate GDP and employment as well as having an important redistributive impact. The paper provides a brief summary of the subsequent WTO steel case and the final resolution of the dispute. The evidence suggests that the steel Safeguards owed more to political expediency than justification for protection under the WTO rules.ost empirical studies of the impact of the steel Safeguards on the steel industry and downstream steel-consuming activities. All of these studies find that the costs of the Safeguard Measures outweighed their benefits in terms of aggregate GDP and employment as well as having an important redistributive impact. The paper provides a brief summary of the subsequent WTO steel case and the final resolution of the dispute. The evidence suggests that the steel Safeguards owed more to political expediency than justification for protection under the WTO rules.
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    Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Imports in Mexico (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyses the liberalisation of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico since the late 1980s, and its relationships with exports and imports. Such a process has eased the access of multinational corporations (MNCs) to the country, which has promoted exports. However, it has also resulted in a higher import content and the displacement of local firms, which has limited Mexico's economic development through the balance of payments constraint. The analysis is supported by the existence of linkages – bidirectional Granger causality – between exports, imports and FDI.
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    Book Reviews (2005)
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    Notes: Books reviewed:SANDRINE CAZES and ALENA NESPOROVA, Labour Markets in Transition: Balancing Flexibility & Security in Central and Eastern EuropeT. E. JOSLING and T. G. TAYLOR (eds), Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute PETER B. KENNEN, JEFFREY R. SHAFER, NIGEL L. WICKS and CHARLES WYPLOSZ, International Economic and Financial Cooperation: New Issues, New Actors, New ResponsesMICHAEL C. BORDO, ALAN M. TAYLOR and JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON (eds), Globalization in Historical Perspective
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    Books Received (2005)
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    Tariff Preferences, WTO Negotiations and the LDCs: The Case of the ‘Everything But Arms’ Initiative (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
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    Notes: By assessing the impact of the recently adopted ‘Everything But Arms’ (EBA) initiative of the EU on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and by showing how further multilateral trade liberalisations erode the EBA preferences and impact the LDCs, this paper attempts to uncover the LDCs’ difficult positions in the WTO trade negotiations. Due to its limited product coverage and previous preferences granted by the EU, welfare impacts of the EBA on the LDCs are shown to be small and the bulk of these gains are associated with the ‘sensitive’ products that are subject to gradual liberalisations. Moreover, these small gains are likely to disappear if the EU conducts trade policy reforms in fulfilling its WTO obligations, resulting in an actually worse-off situation for the LDCs. Extending the analysis to a multilateral trade liberalisation scenario reinforces the above results that the LDCs may well lose due to preference erosion and higher world market prices. It concludes that other development assistance measures from developed countries should be made available to the LDCs to ease their dependency on trade preferences and to foster their supply capacities. The LDCs themselves should attempt to integrate the duty and quota-free market access status contained in the EBA into a binding WTO agreement to secure a stable trading environment. But more importantly, in order to solve the difficulties at the root these countries should actively engage in reforming their own trade policies.
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    Anti-dumping at 100 Years and Counting: A Canadian Perspective (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The world's first anti-dumping measure was introduced by Canada as a ‘special duty’ that could be levied administratively rather than being enacted. This paper describes the features of this first measure in light of subsequent evolution of anti-dumping practice and sets it in its historical context – an era that was a high season of globalisation but also an era marked by an awakening of economic nationalism in newly industrialising countries, and by growing angst over the power of large corporations that were emerging to exploit the economies of scale allowed by mass production, as evidenced by the concurrent evolution of anti-combines legislation. Anti-dumping's early integration into economic theory as an international counterpart of domestic competition policy has received some official ratification in international treaties, and governments see it as a legitimate policy, albeit one in need of international disciplines. However, analysis of the pattern of its use reveals it to be an instrument of political economy, as a convenient alternative to the WTO safeguard option. The paper explores contextual reasons why today, in another high season of globalisation, marked by concerns over corporate globalism that evoke those of the earlier era, anti-dumping actions are proliferating where they did not then.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00697.x
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    A Centennial of Anti-dumping Legislation and Implementation: Introduction and Overview (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: A century has passed since the Government of Canada adopted the first recorded anti-dumping law in 1904. The Canadian legislation was soon followed by similar legislation in most of the major trading nations in the industrialised world prior to and after World War I. Anti-dumping provisions were later incorporated into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) following World War II. Nowadays, virtually all of the industrialised and developing countries in the world economy have adopted anti-dumping legislation. In view of the long and increasingly widespread use of anti-dumping measures, we marked the centennial of Canada's 1904 legislation with a symposium at the University of Michigan on 12 March, 2004. The symposium papers document the experiences with anti-dumping and then ask whether and how anti-dumping can be reformed. Although we all would probably agree that the best solution would be to retract all anti-dumping legislation, this is unlikely to happen in the foreseeable future. Anti-dumping laws serve a variety of purposes, and powerful political forces stand in the way of eliminating these laws. Anti-dumping provides a stronger and more focused means of safeguards protection against surges of imports than GATT-legal safeguards laws permit. Anti-dumping also formalises a meaning for ‘unfair trade’ that, though essentially meaningless from an economic standpoint, strikes a chord in public perception. And finally, in spite of its appearance of being constrained by objective administrative rules, anti-dumping in practice is a potent political tool that governments are able to manipulate in order to satisfy powerful constituents. With all this going for it, anti-dumping is unlikely ever to be relinquished as an economic policy tool by governments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00696.x
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    Dumping in a Global World: Why Product Quality Matters (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Anti-dumping actions are now the trade policy of choice of developing and transition economies. To understand why these economies have increasingly applied anti-dumping laws, we build a simple theoretical model of vertical intra-industry trade and investigate the strategic incentives of exporting firms to undertake dumping. We show that the definition of dumping matters. Based on a comparison of low-quality and high-quality prices, only unilateral dumping by the low-quality firm obtains. By contrast, the standard WTO definition leads to either reciprocal or unilateral dumping by the high-quality firm, depending on cross-country differences in incomes, the height of tariff protection and on exchange rate changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00699.x
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    The Rise of US Anti-dumping Activity in Historical Perspective (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Empirical studies of anti-dumping activity focus almost exclusively on the period since 1980. This paper puts recent US anti-dumping experience in historical context by studying the determinants of annual case filings over the past half century. The conventional view that few anti-dumping cases existed prior to 1980 is not correct, although most did not result in the imposition of duties. The increased number of cases in recent decades largely reflects petitions that target multiple-source countries; the number of imported products involved has actually fallen since the mid-1980s. The annual number of anti-dumping cases is influenced by the unemployment rate, the exchange rate, import penetration (closely related to the decline in average tariffs), and changes in the anti-dumping law and its enforcement in the early 1980s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00698.x
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    The Politicisation of EC Anti-dumping Policy: Member States, Their Votes and the European Commission (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines one political-economy aspect of the European Communities’ (EC) anti-dumping policy that has tended to be overlooked in prior studies; namely, the role that member states play in deciding whether to impose definitive duties on imports that have been found to be dumped and that are deemed to have injured a European industry. We find that, in the late 1990s, numerous disagreements between member states occurred over the merits of imposing anti-dumping duties. These disagreements may well have been partly responsible for the strong decline in the number of European anti-dumping investigations initiated after 1999.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00701.x
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    Anti-dumping: A Growing Problem in International Trade (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the issue of anti-dumping (AD) proliferation. AD is used more frequently, by more countries, and against more products than ever in its history. I review AD filing patterns with an emphasis on the scope of countries and industries seeking protection. Recent trends suggest that the widespread embrace of AD protection makes the prospect for AD reform increasingly unlikely. AD is no longer being used solely by high-income developed countries. It is increasingly being used by middle-income and even lower-income countries. New users have chosen to use AD very intensively. Per dollar of imports the new users have filed AD cases up to 15–20 times more frequently than the traditional AD users such as the US and EU. The evolving set of AD users complicates AD negotiations. In the near term, strong opposition by the US and EU makes reform a highly unlikely outcome. In the longer run, rising use of AD against the US and EU could conceivably weaken their support for AD; yet, the same trends that might finally cause the US and EU to realise AD is a failed policy will likely make reform impossible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00700.x
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    Anti-dumping Reform: Time to Go Back to Basics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper traces and analyses both the legal and economic history of the US anti-dumping regime, and sets forth the shortcomings of the current system, both in regards to efficiency and equity. It then presents and explains a series of proposals for reform of the system, ranging from abolition of anti-dumping laws and regulations and their replacement with competition laws, down to less drastic but specific changes within the existing system to render it less onerous to consumers and exporters. The paper finally details the case for substituting safeguards actions for anti-dumping actions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00702.x
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    On the Adequacy of Monetary Arrangements in Sub-Saharan Africa (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: We examine the economic rationale for monetary union(s) in Sub-Saharan Africa through the use of cluster analysis on a sample of 17 countries. The variables used stem from the theory of optimum currency areas and from the fear-of-floating literature. It is found that the existing CFA franc zone cannot be viewed as an optimum currency area: CEMAC and UEMOA countries do not belong to the same clusters, and a ‘core’ of the UEMOA can be defined on economic grounds. The results support the inclusion of the Gambia, Ghana and Sierra Leone in an extended UEMOA arrangement, or the creation of a separate monetary union with the ‘core’ of the UEMOA and the Gambia, rather than the creation of a monetary union around Nigeria. Finally, the creation of the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) around Nigeria is not supported by the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00649.x
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    Determinants of Bilateral Trade Protection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: In this paper, determinants of bilateral protection levels are empirically identified when controlling for multilateral trade regulation and importing-country-specific factors. Strong empirical support is provided of that three bilateral factors are influencing the bilateral protection level. Specifically, a country's protection level on goods from a trade partner is positively affected by the domestic import penetration of goods produced by the trade partner, negatively influenced by the intra-industry traded share of these imports and positively affected by the trade partner's protection level on domestic goods. Moreover, very high explanatory values are provided in the cross-section estimations, indicating that these determinants, policy regulations and importer-specific factors jointly explain almost all of the variation in bilateral protection levels. The results are general in the sense that estimations are performed for a large sample of bilateral trade relations including 22 trade partners that are highly differentiated in terms of country characteristics. The overall results indicate that, to the extent that policy makers can affect bilateral protection levels under multilateral trade regulation, they act on political-economy rather than economic goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00647.x
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    Quality Measures in Food Trade: The Indian Experience (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: World trade in food has expanded significantly over the years and traditional tariff barriers have reduced with increasing commitments under the WTO. The industrialised countries potentially offer higher returns to food exporters from developing countries, but also pose a greater challenge in market access through stringent safety and quality standards. This paper analyses how this has impacted the Indian marine export industry, and the industry response to this challenge. The large firms are upgrading to signal quality in the OECD markets, while the small firms remain below the quality mark and are catering to other developing country markets where standards are not as stringent. Quality certification has thus become the basis of product differentiation and affected the pattern of trade. On the institutional front, a significant positive change is evident, with the Indian government taking measures to raise safety standards in the domestic food processing sector and increasing the credibility of its export certification agency abroad. There are also cooperative initiatives to improve testing facilities and promote equivalence of certification with OECD countries. The two-pronged approach of investment in upgrading the food processing industry and promoting international partnership in certification with destination markets offers a good model to address the continuous quality challenge facing other food exporting developing countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00670.x
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    Impacts of the US Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This article presents a case study of the effectiveness of the US unilateral trade and financial sanctions on Iran. To assess the trade sanctions’ effect, the US–Iran historical trade data are examined, and the economic cost of trade sanctions is measured by applying the concept of welfare loss. The financial sanctions’ impacts are evaluated by assessing the extra charges Iran has paid on its foreign debt obligations and for financing its oil development projects. At the end, the efficacy of the US sanctions policy towards Iran is evaluated. It is found that the financial sanctions have had a more powerful impact than the trade sanctions. The analysis also shows that the unilateral import sanctions on the fungible crude oil have been ineffective. It is concluded that, overall, the sanctions’ economic effect has been significant, while its political effect has been minimal. This article suggests that targeting the sanctions towards the ruling clergy can improve their effectiveness while lessening their side effects on the Iranian population. Precise smart sanctions to force the ruling clerics to step down will calm down Islamic fundamentalisms throughout the region and will contribute to peace and better relations with the West.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00671.x
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    A Development-friendly Prioritisation of Doha Round Proposals (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Agriculture looms large on the WTO's agenda. It was the first substantive item listed in the work programme of the Ministerial Declaration launching the Doha Round, and it was arguably at the centre of the failure at Cancun. Developing countries made it clear both before and during the Cancun meeting that progress on agriculture was their primary objective. Negotiations in other areas have received less attention and progressed more slowly. This paper considers that prioritisation, and suggests that the interests of developing countries in the current round of trade negotiations are much broader than is suggested by the narrow range of agricultural issues that have dominated negotiations. A true development round would require a significant reprioritisation of many areas of the WTO's current agenda.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00683.x
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