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  • environment
  • Springer  (11)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial basis for a national planning model (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: nation ; technology ; economics ; environment ; tradeoff's ; policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of pending national policy takes on greater importance each day to supply policy makers with much needed data on the overall economic effect such policies will have on total employment, income, output, tax revenues, and the general price level throughout the economy. This short paper examines the potential for integration of existing modeling technology into a meaningful national planning model to provide a sound set of economic indices leading to enhanced market efficiency and resource use. Initial efforts at integrated modeling and analysis are described, together with indications of their levels of success in replicating the existing economic environment. Emphasis is placed on determination of shadow prices in a growing economy and their incorporation into the systematic development of a national planning model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constraints on social dilemmas: An institutional approach (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 183-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Tradeoffs ; decisions ; objectives ; games ; policies ; environment ; acid rain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Many contemporary political and economic problems have attributes of social dilemmas. These dilemmas are simply characterized as settings in which individuals have a dominant strategy to not cooperate in collective action. However, this choice results in a Pareto-inferior outcome. Likewise, a dominated strategy exists that results in a Pareto-superior outcome. Where cooperation is absent, this problem has been described as ann-person prisoner's dilemma. This paper discusses the environmental problem of acid rain as such a social dilemma. Relying on a series of laboratory experimental settings, the argument is that many social dilemmas can be resolved through the construction of institutional mechanisms allowing for the coordination of the participant's joint strategies. Policy analysts in particular can profit from focusing on institutional solutions to social dilemmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874738
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental influences on human foetal and placental xenobiotic metabolism (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: foetus ; xenobiotic metabolism ; placenta ; environment ; induction ; ontogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human foetus is more capable of metabolizing xenobiotics than foetuses of common laboratory animal species. However, xenobiotic metabolism in animal foetuses is inducible by the exposure of the mother to various inducers during late pregnancy. Xenobiotic metabolism in neonates is more easily inducible than in foetal animals. With respect to the human foetus at mid-pregnancy, the hepatic enzyme systems do not seem to be readily inducible by exogenous inducers, whereas the placental monooxygenase system is almost totally dependent on maternal cigarette smoking. In the human newborn, indirect evidence points to the possibility of induction by potential inducers. The ontogenetic development of xenobiotic metabolism is probably regulated by endogenous hormones. It is possible that environmental factors may affect these normal regulatory and “imprinting” phenomena and thus lead to permanent disturbances in xenobiotic metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561474
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropharmacogenetics and behavioral genetics (1982)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 12 (1982), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: neurotransmitters ; genetics ; quantitative genetics ; pharmacology ; environment ; genetic correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic studies of neurotransmitter processes to date differ from most behavioral genetic studies in that the former have rarely considered individual variability, have tended to look only for single-gene effects, and generally have overlooked or ignored environmental influences. After examining these differences, we suggest that a rapprochement between the two fields will yield synergistic benefits in studies of the genetics of neuropharmacological processes as they affect behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065744
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personality resemblance in adoptive families (1981)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 11 (1981), S. 309-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: adoption ; personality ; heredity ; environment ; MMPI ; 16PF ; HSPQ ; CPQ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Adoption studies provide an opportunity to check on twin-study inferences about genetic and environmental effects on personality. The Texas Adoption Project obtained personality tests and ratings from members of 300 adoptive families: MMPIs and 16PFs for adults, and Cattell scales and parents' ratings for children. Overall there was little personality resemblance among family members, either biologically or adoptively related. Median correlations were typically positive, but under 0.10. Elimination of a rating bias and the use of multiple correlations did not yield notably higher levels of prediction, but restriction to a subsample of well-measured children provided higher correlations and more evidence of heritability, particularly in the extraversion domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070814
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of Koch's (1966) Primary Mental Abilities Test data for 5- to 7-year-old twins (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: twins ; Primary Mental Abilities Test ; spatial ability ; quantitative ability ; verbal ability ; children ; genes ; environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this note is to present twin correlations based on analyses of Koch's (1966) Primary Mental Abilities Test data on 83 pairs of 5- to 7-year-old twins. The results yielded significant heritability for the Spatial subtest and suggested genetic influence on the Verbal and Quantitative subtests as well. An analysis of the phenotypic correlation between the Verbal and Spatial subtests suggested that verbal and spatial abilities are genetically independent at this age and that the relationship between the two abilities is mediated primarily by within-family environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of environment on level of resistance to Phomopsis leptostromiformis in lupins and implications for resistance breeding to this disease (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lupinus angustifolius ; lupins ; Phomopsis leptostromiformis ; lupinosis ; interactions ; disease ; host ; environment ; resistance breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four varieties of lupins were sown at three planting dates and the level of Phomopsis leptostromiformis measured on the mature stems. When averaged over planting dates the varieties did not differ in resistance to this disease, however there were highly significant interactions between varieties and planting dates for level of disease. The implications of this result for resistance breeding to Phomopsis leptostromiformis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomasses phytoplanctoniques de la lagune Ebrié (Côte d'Ivoire) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 153-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lagoon ; environment ; algal biomass ; ecological zonation ; seasonal variation ; Ivory Coast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton biomass has been estimated in three different seasons of the year on the Ebrié Lagoon. Water salinity varies according to seasons and zones, but it remains low all during the year in the western part. The mean phytoplanktonic biomass for the lagoon ranged between 1.9 and 3.2 mg 1−1 according to the seasons. Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyta, Diatoms and Pyrrhophyta were the most common algal groups in the biomass. Euglenophyta were only well represented in the urban zone. In spite of large fluctuations in biomass. Euglenophyta were only well represented in the urban zone. In spite of large fluctuations in distribution of phytoplankton all during the year, five main ecological zones have been identified, according to their algal communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021040
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the perception of ecological problems in the United Nations general debates (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 23-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: ecology ; environment ; perceptions ; United Nations ; international
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract To what extent have recent warnings of deepening ecological problems become topics of discussion among international political elites? To address this question a content analysis was undertaken of the speeches comprising the general debates of the 1968, 1972, and 1976 sessions of the UN General Assembly to identify all instances in which ecological issues were mentioned. Despite other indications of an increase in environmental consciousness in the international community, it was found that ecological problems have not been discussed very extensively in the general debates and are far less salient than several other agenda items for which data were also collected. Moreover, the environment peaked as an issue in the 1972 session and declined in prominence in 1976. It was also found that the more developed a country is, the greater the tendency for its delegates to mention environmental problems in their speeches. The lack of prominence of ecological issues is interpreted on the basis of two alternative assumptions: first, that the degree of international awareness of environmental problems is not adequately represented in the general debates and, second, that the findings accurately reflect what is generally a low level of environmental concern in international circles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00887854
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic and environmental influence upon the nutritional composition of barley grain (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 719-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; starch ; dietary fiber ; protein ; genotype ; environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The grain yield and contents of the quantitatively predominant nutritional constituents of barley grain were determined in nine adapted spring barley varieties each grown at seven European locations with three or four replications. The largest variation in nutritional composition was due to different environmental conditions, but genotypic effects were also present. Interactions between genotype and environment were small. The average protein content at different locations varied from 8.1 to 14.7 per cent of the grain dry matter, and was not simply related to the amount of fertilizer-N applied. The nutritional composition of the grain was influenced by the grain yield level. The percentage of dietary fiber and protein decreased with increasing grain yield, but some varietal differences which were independent of the grain yield level could be established. The protein quality depended upon the protein level, as the protein contained more prolamin relatively to non-prolamin protein at high than at low protein levels. A difference between two varieties in the prolamin/non-prolamin ratio was consistent over a wide range of variation in protein content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038800
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pollution on phytoplankton in the Ashar Canal, a highly polluted canal of the Shatt al-Arab Estuary at Basrah, Iraq (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 99 (1983), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: pollution ; phytoplankton ; Shatt al-Arab ; environment ; polluted canal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of pollution on the phytoplankton in the Ashar Canal was studied during March and June 1976. Higher temperatures were recorded in June. The canal water was more turbid than that of the adjoining Shatt al-Arab estuary due to high algal populations and sewage disposal. The chlorosity values were remarkably high in the canal, due to sewage disposal. The flood waters in June lowered the chlorosity in both estuary and canal. Sewage disposal into the canal decreased its dissolved oxygen content. The lower oxygen values in the estuary in June were accompanied with higher temperatures. The pH values were generally higher in the estuary and were also higher in June than in March. Eighty-six algal taxa were recorded, 45 of which were diatoms. The phytoplankton in the estuary was more abundant in March, due to the increase in currents and turbidity in June. The Chlorophyta, Conjugatophyta, Myxophyta and Bacillariophyta in the estuary showed reverse seasonal trends from those of the total phytoplankton. These algal seemed to flourish during periods of high temperatures. The dense blue-green algae recorded in June is attributed to the high temperature and dissolved organic matter. The Chrysophyta recorded high populations in the estuary in March and were totally absent in June. Lower temperatures and high transparency in March might have led to their relative abundance. The total phytoplankton in the Ashar Canal followed two different seasonal trends, one resembling and the other differing from those in the estuary. The disposal of domestic sewage and agricultural wastes in the canal seemed to lead to such adverse seasonal variations. The diatoms only dominated the phytoplankton at one station in both months. The sewage and agricultural wastes disposal seemed to favour the abundance of the other phyla than the diatoms. Increased organic load in the canal has led to a considerable increase in the Myxophyta in June. Blooms of Chlamydomonas sp. and Euglena acus increased the phytoplankton densities in March at stations II and IV, respectively. Benthic or periphytic algae were found in the phytoplankton populations. Raised salinity seemed to restrict the distribution of the planktonic diatom Bacillaria paradoxa. Among the noticeable widespread planktonic algae in the study area are Dinobryon sertularia, Pediastrum duplex and P. simplex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008770
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