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  • Articles  (654)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (654)
  • Rat  (366)
  • RAPD  (288)
  • Springer  (654)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Nature America Inc.
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (340)
  • 1980-1984  (190)
  • 1970-1974  (123)
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  • Articles  (654)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (654)
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  • Springer  (654)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Nature America Inc.
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin releasing factor increases the adrenocortical responsiveness to adrenocorticotropin (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946481
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do prostaglandins mediate the somatostatin preventive effect on gastric lesion? (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 974-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; prostaglandins ; gastric lesion ; intragastric distension model ; stress model ; indomethacin ; somatostatin preventive effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin treatment blocks the somatostatin preventive effect on the gastric lesions induced in a stress model and has no preventive effect on an intragastric distension model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946466
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain typing of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes from subalpine Tyrolean forest areas by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ectomycorrhiza ; Boletus ; Amanita ; Lactarius ; Russula ; Picea abies ; RAPD ; Intra- and infraspecific variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the identifcation of ectomycorrhizal symbionts of spruce (Picea abies) belonging to the genera Boletus, Amanita and Lactarius at and below the species level was investigated. Using both fingerprinting [M13, (GTG)5, (GACA)4] as well as random oligonucleotide primers (V1 and V5), a high degree of variability of amplified DNA fragments (band-sharing index 65–80%) was detected between different strains of the same species, hence enabling the identification of individual strains within the same species. The band-sharing index between different species of the same genus (Boletus, Russula and Amanita) was in the range of 20–30%, and similar values were obtained when strains from different taxa were compared. Thus RAPD is too sensitive at this level of relatonship and cannot be used to align an unknown symbiont to a given taxon. We therefore conclude that RAPD is a promising tool for the identification of individual strains, and could thus be used to distinguish indigenous and introduced mycorrhizal strains from the same species in natural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius based on RAPD-PCR analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words DNA polymorphism ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi ; Genetic diversity ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Twenty Pisolithus tinctorius isolates from different geographic locations and different hosts were characterized by the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. Thirteen arbitrary primers generated 87 DNA fragments, all of them polymorphic. These data were used to calculate genetic distances among the isolates. The pairwise genetic distances ranged from 1 to 100%, with an average of 58.7%. Cluster analysis based on the amplified fragments grouped the isolates according to their host and geographical origins. Group I contained isolates collected in Brazil and group II those collected in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the diversity seen at the molecular level, the isolates also showed host specificity. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that isolates from the Northern Hemisphere colonized mainly Pinus whereas isolates from Brazil colonized only Eucalyptus. The molecular data suggest that the Pisolithus tinctorius isolates analyzed belong to two distinct groups. The data also suggest new guidelines for future investigations on the taxonomy and systematic of this important fungus species. Furthermore, these results support future experiments aimed at the selection and development of improved isolates of P. tinctorius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of normal longitudinal bone growth in the rat (1972)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 238-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth ; Bone ; Rat ; Tetracycline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La vitesse de croissance normale en longueur de la métaphyse proximale du tibia est déterminée chez le rat Sprague-Dawley entre les âges de 20 et 100 jours, en utilisant la méthode à la tétracycline. Le taux de croissance ne varie que légèrement dans les groupes d'âges différents. Il est plus élevé chez les animaux jeunes et décroit considérablement en fonction de l'augmentation de l'âge. Les rats mâles présentent une croissance plus élevée que les femelles. Cette étude a pour but de mettre au point une méthode permettant de déterminer les facteurs expérimentaux, liés à la croissance en longueur du rat.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die normale Längenwachstums-Geschwindigkeit der proximalen Wachstumsplatte der Tibia wurde bei Sprague-Dawley-Ratten in einem Alter zwischen 20 und 100 Tagen mittels der Tetracyclinmethode gemessen. Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit variierte nur wenig innerhalb der einzelnen Altersgruppen. Die Geschwindigkeit war bei jungen Tieren am höchsten und nahm mit zunehmendem Alter beträchtlich ab. Männliche Ratten wuchsen schneller als weibliche. Diese Arbeit dient als Grundlage, um die experimentelle Beeinflussung des Längenwachstums der Ratte abschätzen zu können.
    Notes: Abstract The rate of normal growth in length from the proximal growth plate of the tibia in the Sprague-Dawley rat was measured between 20 and 100 days of age using the tetracycline method. The growth rate varied only slightly within different age groups. The rate was highest in young animals and decreased considerably with increasing age. Male rats grew faster than female. This study is intended to provide a base for an evaluation of experimental influence on the growth in length of the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012553
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of47Ca and85Sr in the tibia and the femur in rats (1969)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 96-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium metabolism ; Strontium metabolism ; Fracture ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La relation entre la résorption du85Sr et du47Ca était mesuré au tibia et fémur des rats 24 heures après l'injection. La différence entre les manches et les bouts était, remarquable, mais pas entre les os séparates; en les tibiae, qui etait fracturé depuis 7 semaines et guéries, la relation etait identique à celui des tibiae manches normals. On a présumé que la découverte était due à des différences qualitatives plustot que quantitatives entre les procédé de minéralisation dans l'os cortical et trabeculair.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Verhältnis zwischen der Abnahme von85Sr und47Ca wurde von der Tibia und Femur 24 Std nach der Injektion bei Ratten gemessen. Man fand einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Schaften und den Enden, aber nicht zwischen den verschiedenen Knochen. In 7 Wochen alten, verheilten Tibiafrakturen war das Verhältnis genau so wie in einem normalen Tibiaschaft. Das Resultat berechtigte zu der Annahme, daß der Unterschied in dem Mineralisierungsprozeß zwischen corticalen und spongiösen Knochen wahrscheinlich qualitativ und nicht quantitativ ist.
    Notes: Abstract The ratio between the uptake of85Sr and47Ca was measured in the tibiae and femora of rats 24 h after injection of the tracers. There was a significant difference between shafts and ends but not between the different bones; in healed tibial fractures, 7 weeks old, the ratio was identical to that of normal tibial shafts. The findings were interpreted to be related to qualitative rather than quantitative differences in mineralization between cortical and trabecular bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058650
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex in Escherichia coli does not disrupt the clonal structure of the population: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 440-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Clonal theory ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the Escherichia coli population by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) has established its clonal organization, but there is increasing evidence that horizontal DNA transfer occurs in E. coli. We have assessed the genetic structure of the species E. coli and determined the extent to which recombination can affect the clonal structure of bacteria. A panel of 72 E. coli strains from the ECOR collection was characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ribosomal RNA gene (rrn) regions. These strains have been characterized by MLEE and are assumed to reflect the range of genotypic variation in the species as a whole. Statistical analysis, including factorial analysis of correspondence (FAC) and hierarchical classifications, established that the data obtained with the three genetic markers are mutually corroborative, thus providing compelling evidence that horizontal transfer does not disrupt the clonal organization of the population. However, there is a gradient of correlation between the different classifications which ranges from the highly clonal structure of 132 group strains causing extraintestinal infections in humans to the less-stringent structure of B1 group strains that came mainly from nonprimate mammals. This group (B1) appears to be the framework from which the remaining non-A group strains have emerged. These results indicate that RAPD analysis is well suited to intraspecies characterization of E. coli. Lastly, treating the RAPD data by FAC allowed description of subgroup-specific DNA fragments which can be used, in a strategy comparable to positional cloning, to isolate virulence genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160315
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic heterogeneity of deer mouse populations (Peromyscus maniculatus) in an insular landscape (1999)
    Springer
    Population ecology 41 (1999), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-5613
    Keywords: Key words AMOVA ; Dispersion ; Gene flow ; Genetic distance ; HOMOVA ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of the genetic variability in deer mouse populations was performed using specimens collected from six different islands on a lake covering approximately 50 km2. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to measure the extent of the genetic differences in this insular system. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that populations are clearly separated at this microgeographic scale (F st = 0.13863; P 〈 0.001). The homogeneity of molecular variance test (HOMOVA) indicated that within-population levels vary greatly (B p = 0.76831; P 〈 0.001). The within-population molecular variance was found to be mainly correlated with the accessibility of the islands, computed as the inverse of the geographic distance separating an island from the lakeshore (r = 0.916; P 〈 0.003).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101440050030
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error Rates and Polymorphism Frequencies for Three RAPD Protocols (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: competition ; DNA mixture ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three amplification protocols were analyzed for error rate and generation of polymorphisms during RAPD analysis. Using a set of 240 primers, the protocols detected similar frequencies of polymorphisms in two inbred sugar beet lines. The error rate was investigated by including a 1:1 mixture of DNA from the two lines in all analyses. Similar error rates, approximately 18%, were detected by the three protocols. Thus, altered amplification conditions did not substantially affect the error rate during RAPD analysis. For each of the three possible pairs of protocols, a positive correlation was obtained for primer and number of polymorphisms. Thus, a set of highly polymorphic RAPD primers can be used effectively, without prior screening, to detect polymorphisms for each protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007485919390
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