ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Artikel  (3.975)
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (3.975)
  • Springer  (3.975)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (1.742)
  • 1975-1979  (2.233)
  • 1925-1929
  • Technik allgemein  (3.671)
  • Politikwissenschaft
Sammlung
  • Artikel  (3.975)
Datenquelle
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
Thema
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apples and horned toads: On the framework-determined nature of the energy debate (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 23-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A common view of the energy problem holds that what is at stake in most energy policy debates are questions of fact that are in principle susceptible to resolution by objective, scientific research. It is argued in this paper that this view is misguided, and that underlying many of the factual issues apparently in dispute are differences at the framework level, that is differences in basic presuppositions and the patterns of thinking employed. By means of an examination of the debate over soft and hard energy paths, it will be argued that framework differences are fundamental to that debate and that such differences are not susceptible to factual resolution. As a result, the debate has taken on the character of a ritualized performance, as each side strives to convince, not their opponents, but policymakers of the rightness of their opinion. Some of the implications of these findings for energy policymaking are explored.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143365
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1983), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146009
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Books reviewed (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1983), S. 396-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146010
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incremental budgeting in a decremental age (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138465
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The interaction problem in policy analysis (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 45-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A problem little noted in the literature on policy analysis is that analysis can interact with problems to make them different and more difficult to solve than they would be without analysis. Four varieties of interaction can be distinguished. All are rooted in the methods and assumptions of economics, the discipline that now dominates federal analysis, and particularly in its limited capacity to set policy goals. To prevent interaction, analysts would have to be able to set goals with greater independence so that aims were not swayed by the analytic process. They would need either their own theory of ends or closer political guidance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138467
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138469
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Economic theory and government technology policy (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 27-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Recent federal proposals and program experiments aimed at improving the innovative performance of American industry have been based on an inappropriate analytic framework. The neoclassical microeconomic analysis upon which these proposals are based emphasizes the undersupply of R & D. However, a more crucial problem in this context is the utilization of complex research results by firms and industries with low levels of in-house research expertise. This problem is a central concern of an alternative approach to the analysis of innovation, termed the information processing framework. This analytic approach, which receives empirical support from an examination of previous cooperative research programs in the United States and Great Britain and an analysis of independent consulting firms' operations, suggests that cooperative or extramural research does not function effectively as a substitute for in-house research. Public policies to encourage innovation should be attentive to the distribution, as well as the supply, of R & D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138466
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The preconditions for successful evaluation: Is there an ideal paradigm? (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The dominant paradigm in evaluation research is undergoing serious challenge. This article explores the ideal role of evaluation in decisionmaking, the methodologies for conducting evaluations, the congruence between evaluation methodology and actual organizational behavior, and the relationship between evaluators and program managers. We conclude that although there are serious disparities between the ideal and the actual in each of these four areas, and especially in the congruence between evaluation methodology and organizational behavior, there is not likely to be a change in the dominant paradigm because it is difficult for practitioners to use the language and values of new organizational perspectives.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138468
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nuclear deterrence: Bankrupt ideology (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 127-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article argues that nuclear deterrence is a contemporary ideology (an elaborately-developed set of convictions, socio-politically central, stable over time, idealistic in intent, widely and emotionally embraced). And vulnerable. Vulnerable to the critique of the social scientist who can raise questions about the reliability of nuclear deterrence as a cornerstone. Vulnerable to the critique of the moral philosopher who can raise important questions about the propriety of nuclear deterrence and the programmatic activities it underlies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138347
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Soviet Union, the Middle East, and the evolving world energy situation (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Surveying and summarizing the basic issues confronting Soviet decisionmakers in the next ten years as reflected in energy and international political terms, this analysis treats the capacity and constraints mediating Soviet influence in the resolution of the future world energy balance. A scenario highlighting a “Soviet-Preferred Future World” is developed that focuses on three classes of likely energy outcomes: (1) a gradual erosion of the Western commercial position in Middle East oil, (2) repeated shortages in oil-consumer states leading to a diversion of attention away from international matters and increased preoccupation with “domestic” energy woes, and (3) a deterioration of the terms of trade for energy importers vis à vis Soviet and noncommunist trading partners. The discussion concludes with an assessment of several of the key choices confronting the major oil-importing nations and requiring resolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186754
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comments (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186758
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neutrality and advocacy in policy research (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The naive scientism which has dominated federal policy research and most policy research institutes has become a self-blinding dogma, an armchair philosophy which fabricates and distorts reality and has failed at its task of understanding our social and economic problems. Broader approaches are needed which do not artificially isolate and arbitrarily quantify selected factors but examine them in their social and historical context. The vain search for “objectivity” should be replaced by an honest avowal of the interests being served. The sanctimonious assertion of an undefinable “public interest” should be replaced by a definable fairness doctrine setting forth the status of the draft and final reports, project finances, and institute and sponsor controls. Such a doctrine could provide the basis for a new professional consensus and self-regulation in the policy research community, and for new IRS tax regulations governing nonprofit research institutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138029
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book review (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138035
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138036
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Learning in government programs and the usefulness of cost-benefit analysis: Lessons from manpower and urban renewal history (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 281-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Especially in the social program area, the outcomes of new programs are extremely difficult to predict, and it is rarely clear a priori which of several competing program techniques ought to be tried. In such an atmosphere, ex post program evaluation methods which take account of possibilities of “learning by doing” can promote the selection over time of those program elements which maximize beneficial results per unit cost. A basic premise of this paper is that recent applications of cost-benefit techniques have frequently ignored learning considerations, greatly reducing their usefulness. The “learning by doing” features of the recent history of manpower and urban renewal programs are examined to demonstrate the plausibility of this premise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139971
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The policy science movement (an outsider's view) (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract An assessment is made of the expanding policy sciences movement—the proliferation of policy science centers, the existence of a specialized journal, and the large number of programmatic books being published. This paper focuses on the role that policy scientists assign to themselves in the whole decision process, i.e., their strategy. Four characteristics of the policy scientist's self-image are discussed: his work should include reassessment of a problem's goals; he represents a new type of professional; he cannot be expected to contribute to the general knowledge of specific academic disciplines; he is concerned with making recommendations that are acceptable to his sponsor. The research style of the policy scientist is examined, and four basic characteristics of this style are identified: a tendency to bypass microsociological data; an interest in futurism; an emphasis on a so-called systems approach; and an identification with interdisciplinarity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139967
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy analysis: A conceptual base for a theory of improvement (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 223-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of reason or rationality in the analysis of resource allocation decisions is to provide decision makers with guidance on policy decisions which result in improvement, i.e. a net increment in social welfare. The difficulty with what might be called the microrationality of cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis as conventionally practised is that unless the context of such rationality is established in the larger framework of what might in turn be called the macrorationality which reflects an awareness of the properties of the whole system, the policy analyst cannot know whether his recommendation will upgrade (constitute an improvement in) or degrade (constitute a deterioration in) the system as a whole. The paper attempts to suggest a first conceptual approach, and an implied research agenda, addressed to developing a more effective general context for policy analysis. The suggested approach has four major components; first, the establishment of the basis for policy analysis in the explicit specification of a general weighted objective function for national policy and a corresponding set of functions for particular programs and projects; second, the development and incorporation in cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of a set of analytical parameters which establish the basis for policy analyses which are in the first instance comparable, and in the second instance consistent with the national objective function; third, the development of a general analytical framework for cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis which recognizes the essential interdependency of policy decisions, including the financing implications of expenditure policies; and, finally, the explicit recognition of the need for a criterion of overall system improvement in the development of an analytical framework for the measurement of the trades-off or opportunity costs between alternative policy mixes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139968
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policymaking and policy analysis in Latin America—A return journey (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 385-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reviews and updates the conceptual approaches of the author's Journeys Towards Progress (1963). It focuses first on distinctions explaining differences in the path of policymaking and in its effectiveness. Distinctions are made between pressing and autonomously chosen policy problems, between privileged problems and neglected ones that must manage to “ride the coattails” of the former to receive attention, and between policy tasks that are tackled with more motivation than understanding and those with the opposite characteristic. Addressing then similarities in experience with policymaking, the paper first comments on fracasomania (the failure complex) and on the incapacity ever to be surprised at both consequences and determinants of under-development. Indirect and unanticipated effects of policies are illustrated through a Colombian example. A Concluding Lament suggests that the watch for side-effects must be unusually wide-angled in today's Latin America.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142381
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of science-based technological promotion (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Scientific research car for scientific purposes. As such, scientific research will necessarily be evaluate scientific terms. However, scientific research can also be supported for such nonscientific purposes as economic development, industrialization, education, etc. In that case, evaluation of scientific research will be based on economic, educational, etc., yardsticks. This paper attempts to seek evaluation criteria for the public support of science for the purposes of technological promotion. Such a public investment is shown to be a risky process. The “riskiness” of the process is discussed within the framework of a model of science-based technology and expressed in stochastic terms. A decision-making framework is then developed on the basis of expected utility hypotheses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139970
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The welfare of the elderly: A systems analysis viewpoint (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 343-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A methodology is offered to analyze for policy purposes the services offered to the elderly. Best policy is defined as that policy which maximizes the benefit to the elderly, given budgetary and other constraints. To measure the “benefit” to the elderly, a scale is devised, consisting of a set of states describing the degree of dependency of the elderly. This ordinal scale is converted to a cardinal scale by assigning weights to the states, these weights being an expression of the social-value judgments of the administrators. The change in weights over time, induced by the intervention of services, is the benefit of the services. Mathematical techniques are described for relating benefit to cost, modeling the flow of elderly among institutions, making a sensitivity analysis, and deriving the “best” policy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139973
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New perspectives on the public policy implications of defense and welfare expenditures in four modern democracies: 1950–1970 (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 423-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article compares expenditure decisions in four “Western” democracies (Australia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States) in the policy areas of defense, health, education, and all government expenditures from 1950 to 1970. In addition, national income is used as a measure of economic growth in the four countries. The research focuses on the yearly fluctuations of expenditures and the statistical relationships existing among the variables under changing conditions. The research indicates significant departure from prior research findings and suggests that the assumption of an explicit trade-off between defense and welfare expenditures be reconsidered. In addition, when varying economic growth was examined, the research again indicates the need for reconsideration of prior relationships. Throughout, the article encourages the development of comparative policy research and theory and recommends the development of careful theoretical and methodological constructs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142383
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Situational Normativism: A descriptive-normative approach to decision making and policy sciences (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract With the objective of improving policy making, efforts have recently intensified to integrate behavioral sciences, cost-effectiveness analysis, and related disciplines into an evolving field that has been termed “policy sciences.” After reviewing some aspects of policy sciences, the paper discusses an approach, called situational normativism, by which the components of policy sciences may be put to work effectively on real decision problems. The approach is situational in that each problem must be approached individually, but the methodology can be viewed as a general heuristic. Thus, situational normativism involves a synthesis of descriptive (behavioral) and normative approaches. One begins with a descriptive model of a real world decision situation in terms of the participants, their values (objectives, goals) and the decision rules that determine existing outcomes. Then, the analysis becomes normative (and may use mathematical optimizing techniques) in the sense of generating prescriptive alternatives for attaining in a preferred way these same values or a more fundamental set identified during the analysis. The iterative process, including adaptive system redesign, involves a search for a set of means-ends (goals, constraints) relationships within which a search for prescriptive solutions may be undertaken. Change, implementation, and political feasibility are viewed as constraints to be satisfied. Thus, situational normativism provides a framework for the combined use of behavioral knowledge and costeffectiveness techniques for improved policy making.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146017
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relocation of released mental hospital patients into residential communities (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 31-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The mental health patient release programs have been proceeding more rapidly than informed judgment could possibly warrant. Public sector mental health care, whether centralized in state hospitals or deconcentrated within residential communities, falls considerably below the standards and practices of private sector care. The accelerated release of former patients has strained the potential for therapeutic community placement. The massive reassignment of patients has been prompted by the goals of: providing for the civic and therapeutic rights of patients; providing knowledgeable and effective treatment; implementing cost savings; and integrating in-patients within a more aware and accepting inclusive society. The structural elements of the assignment process can be examined within the context of a reassignment model in order to identify the informational and program needs for a “reasonable” release and aftercare process. The present reliance upon salvage of the poorly conceived release programs through ghettoization of ex-patients can only be justified as a mechanism for forcing a wide range of communities to accept long overdue responsibility for their disabled members.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146020
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy termination as a political process (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The problem of how to terminate ineffective or outdated public policies, programs, or organizations is increasingly important. This paper argues that it is helpful to conceive of termination as a special case of the policy adoption process: there is a struggle to adopt a policy A, the substance of which is to eliminate or curtail policy B. The main distinguishing feature of this class of policy contests is the activity of “vested interests” who are able to advance a peculiarly powerful moral claim concerning the “inequity” or “unfairness” of change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143910
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy impacts of the New Jersey income maintenance experiment (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 53-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper deals with a major piece of policy relevant social science research, the New Jersey Experiment in Income Maintenance, and a proposed piece of social legislation, the Family Assistance Plan. An attempt is made to assess the impact which the experiment had on political decision-makers, both in the Administration and the Congress, during deliberations over the legislation. The channels of communication between the researchers and the decision-makers are elaborated; the relevance of the research to the concerns of the decision-makers is described; and the impact of the research on these decision-makers is evaluated. It is suggested that there are two major uses of research in the policy process, technical and political. One involves resolving technical details of program design and administration; the other involves convincing decision-makers that a particular policy alternative is the correct one to support. Through analysis of primary documents, it is concluded that the major impact of the experiment to date has been in technical areas. Experimental findings and methods were used by the Administration to support its position and the preliminary data contributed to House discussions. The information sources of the Congress and the Administration are compared and despite disparities, it is pointed out that research cannot change values and values are an important factor in determining a decision-maker's attitude toward an innovation. It is concluded that if systematic thinking and research are to play a role in the process of policy formulation and implementation, each part of the process not only has to have access to research, but also the ability to evaluate that research. It is to be expected that under existing conditions the major immediate contribution of research such as the New Jersey Experiment to policy discussions will be in very technical areas, with the possibility of making a contribution to change in the climate of opinion over time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146021
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Terminating entitlements: Veterans' disability benefits in the Depression (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A new term, entitlement, has appeared in the federal lexicon with increasing frequency during the last few years. Although in common use, its definition receives little attention in agency glossaries and its impact even less by those who legislate and administer them. This article first considers the pragmatic meaning of the term and then analyzes the difficulty of limiting such benefits once they have been authorized, by examining a short-lived attempt to reduce entitlement benefits for veterans during the era of the Depression. After documenting the social and political conditions which facilitated the entitlement reduction, attention is directed to the process through which political pressure was mobilized and focused in order to force a reversal of congressional action. This historical episode is then compared to an ill-fated, modern-day attempt by DHEW to limit free social service programs under the terms of the Social Security Act.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143913
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy termination in mental health: The hidden agenda (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Three policy termination objectives can be analyzed in the field of mental health: the move to phase-down, and in some instances close, large state institutions for the mentally disabled; the elimination in some states of indefinite involuntary commitment procedures; and the attempt to transfer responsibility for the provision of direct services from the state level to local government and/or private providers of care. Initiatives in these areas have come from the executive, the legislature, consumer organizations, and most recently from the public interest law community through the use of litigation. Termination in this field, however, has met with increasing resistance because of the failure in many instances to pair these objectives with positive program development. In some states, the result has been the dismantling of one system without the commitment of resources necessary to encourage the development of an alternative system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143916
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluating consumer product hazards (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 337-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A regression analysis is described which correlates the hazard level of a group of consumer products according to several definitions of hazard with potentially dangerous characteristics of products and their use. A surprisingly good fit to the data is observed and various observations are drawn from the analysis, among them that “open flames” are characteristic of high injury potential, but “flammability” is not. Hypotheses and open questions concerning the human factors of product safety and government intervention in the marketplace as a regulator of product safety are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137627
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Guidelines: A plethora of forms, authors, and functions (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 399-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139938
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Writing the regulations for health (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 417-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The development of regulations in health is much more than a purely technical procedure. Rather, it involves decisionmaking and bargaining processes that engage a wide range of individuals and organizations with diverse interests and varied resources. Attempts at statutory precision and goal clarification may improve, but will not fundamentally alter the regulation writing experience. The dynamics of regulations development are revealed in three cases. The primary case, The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, suggests that despite the efforts of the regulations writers themselves, there are limits to the extent to which basic interest conflicts and questions of health policy can be resolved in the process. Other cases examined are the Professional Standards Review Organization Act of 1972 and the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139939
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The future of conventional arms control (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Dramatic changes in conventional military capabilities coupled with nuclear parity should greatly increase the importance of conventional military power as well as raise new opportunities and problems for arms control. Those changes are not yet widely appreciated and in fact, there is a lack of analytic tools by which to appraise their implications and importance. As an initial step to systematic analysis of the desirability and feasibility of conventional arms control agreements, this paper describes current trends in weapons development and evaluates alternative interpretations of the implications of those trends. The requirements of effective and reliable arms control agreements are then enumerated and a general assessment made of the difficulties in meeting those requirements. The conclusions reached are necessarily speculative in light of the limited data and the surprisingly sparse analysis available on the characteristics, combat effectiveness and complementary combat and supporting requirements of new conventional weaponry. However, available evidence suggests the imminent emergence of significantly greater incentives for larger conventional forces, for larger logistics and support bases, for surprise attack, and for campaign strategies that emphasize speed and high attrition on all sides. If true, these factors will increase pressures for larger military budgets while also increasing instabilities in arms competitions. They also should increase interest in arms control measures though the characteristics of new weapons technology may make designing such measures even more difficult than in the past.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727598
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urban land-use models: The determinants of adoption and use (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper delineates the conditions under which computerized land-use models have been adopted and used in the activities of a number of regional planning agencies. Our discussion is based on intensive case studies of planning agencies and the group includes both model adopters and nonadopters. We find that the presence of advocates of model adoption and of persons interested in their continued refinement and use are of paramount importance in the decision to adopt a model and in its subsequent incorporation into the life of the planning agency. However, although the presence of an advocate is by-and-large sufficient for model adoption, the continued interest of agency staff is necessary but far from sufficient in determining how and to what extent the model will in fact be exercised. At this stage both political and organizational factors become important. Moreover, it is at the use stage, rather than at the consideration of adoption, that the characteristics of the model receive more careful scrutiny and shortcomings become more important.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727603
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The impacts of an auto weight limitation on energy, resources, and the economy (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 97-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The impacts of a hypothetical auto weight limitation on energy conservation, resources usage, pollutant emission and the economy are quantitatively estimated by a linear input-output model and a linear estimation method. These estimations are the first step toward a multiple criteria formulation for understanding and solving complex energy problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137981
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retaining agricultural activities under urban pressures: A review of land use conflicts and policies (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract From a national perspective it is unclear whether the continued expansion of urban development seriously affects America's potential food production over the long run. Yet there are clearly regional biases toward conversion of farmland to urban uses and locally important changes in the appearance of the landscape at the rural—urban fringe. Urbanization also generates spillover effects causing the idling of farmland and the shifting from one type of agriculture to another. Land use controls aimed at directly addressing the use of the land may be effective in preventing some conversion of farmland to urban uses but the methods are costly and possibly very complex. Incentives to farmers to keep land in agriculture are generally too weak to be effective in retaining agricultural land in the face of strong urban pressures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143740
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Letter to the editor (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Summary The above points are by no means exhaustive of major policy developments which should concern the policy community and academics who teach students or who do research. We therefore make two recommendations: first, that the Ford Foundation or some other group consider convening a meeting drawing together people who have worked on the above problems and who have taught at the second and third tier schools which are more closely related to these problems; second, we would hope that your journal would undertake to do something to effectively redress the academic imbalance in our premier schools as reflected in the Yates report of the Ford Conference. Perhaps you could announce that the king(s) is naked.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143743
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On ensuring the availability of evaluative data for secondary analysis (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 259-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is based on a programmatic effort to elicit and reanalyze data stemming from the evaluation of social programs. The stress is on identifying problems and negotiating for data and analyzing it. This includes: researchers' reluctance to disclose data for documentation and data control systems; vague or nonexistent policy for assuring access. The possible solutions presented here are based on governmental regulation and policy for publicly supported evaluation. Individuals who kindly provided their reactions to earlier drafts of this paper and/or advice and information in other ways include: Ole Engberg, John Evans, Harold B. King, Sheldon Laube, William Madow, Richard Marciano, Margaret E. Martin, Keith Marvin, Marjorie Powell, Alice Robbin, Peter Rossi, Lee Sechrest, Ernst W. Stromsdorfer, and Frederick Mosteller. Not all their reactions and criticisms have been accommodated, and we alone bear responsibility for the opinions registered here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136830
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719641
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Health resource allocation and quality of care measurement in a social policy framework (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 19-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract An activity analysis production function, linking the structure, process, and outcome of medical care, is introduced. The model, based on a semi-Markovian conception of the disease process, is designed to determine that allocation of inputs among programs which maximizes expected improvement in population health status. Reflected in such prescriptions are the expected efficacy of alternative treatments and population preferences among program outcomes. Based on the model, two system-oriented indexes of the quality of medical care are defined. This allocation methodology represents a particular application of a more general “social policy model,” a potentially useful paradigm for the evaluation of public programs generally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137977
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How safe is safe enough? A psychometric study of attitudes towards technological risks and benefits (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 127-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract One of the fundamental questions addressed by risk-benefit analysis is “How safe is safe enough?” Chauncey Starr has proposed that economic data be used to reveal patterns of acceptable risk-benefit tradeoffs. The present study investigates an alternative technique, in which psychometric procedures were used to elicit quantitative judgments of perceived risk, acceptable risk, and perceived benefit for each of 30 activities and technologies. The participants were seventy-six members of the League of Women Voters. The results indicated little systematic relationship between perceived existing risks and benefits of the 30 risk items. Current risk levels were generally viewed as unacceptably high. When current risk levels were adjusted to what would be considered acceptable risk levels, however, risk was found to correlate with benefit. Nine descriptive attributes of risk were also studied. These nine attributes seemed to tap two basic dimensions of risk. These dimensions proved to be effective predictors of the tradeoff between acceptable risk and perceived benefit. The limitations of the present study and the relationship between this technique and Starr's technique are discussed, along with the implications of the findings for policy decisions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143739
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143745
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policymaking rationality: A reformulation (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 295-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper proposes a reformulation of the concept of rationality in public policymaking. Following Lindblom's critique, it accepts that “comprehensive rationality” is unfeasible as a practical policymaking strategy, but suggests that a slightly recast concept could provide a suitable “ideal criterion” for the assessment of policymaking strategies. Adopting this “limited rationality” criterion, a variant of the “mixed scanning strategy” emerges as a basic prescription for the conduct of public policymaking, the paper provides a pair of case studies (in the field of transportation) to illustrate the need for mixed scanning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136832
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A technical appraisal of the IIASA energy scenarios (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 199-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Several shortcomings in a major study of the world's energy system are described. The study, entitled Energy in a Finite World, resulted in widely publicized conclusions and urgent policy recommendations that were derived from detailed projections of the global energy future. A set of computer models was used to produce these projections, which are analyzed here in two ways. First, treating the models as a black box, it is shown that several principal results are effectively prescribed informally in input data that pass through the models unchanged. Second, despite claims of robustness, detailed sensitivity analysis shows that the energy supply projections are highly sensitive to perturbations in various input data. Early work that revealed this problem is not cited, and standard sensitivity tests are not provided in the study. Thus, despite the appearance of analytical rigor, the study's conclusions are evidently based on opinions rather than objective robust analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138708
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The institutional context of science, models, and policy: The IIASA energy study (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 277-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article is a complement to Keepin's technical analysis of the energy models and scenarios in the IIASA global energy study, Energy in a Finite World. It analyses the role of formal global energy models in the scenarios and policy conclusions as described in the IIASA Energy System Program's (ESP) own statements. It finds inconsistencies which have confused external audiences, including modelers, as to the importance of properties of formal models in generating authority for policy conclusions. The analysis finds two contradictory images of scientific authority pervading the ESP's published accounts. This article argues that models are more symbolic vehicles for gaining authority than objective technical frameworks. Whilst this is in principle legitimate, it means that the internal processes (and not just the products) of modeling projects are a legitimate subject of public evaluation. Due attention must therefore be paid to the quality and disclosure of such processes. The institutional process of analysis reflects a particular policy style itself and constrains what policies are even conceivable. Claims to scientific analysis and definition of policy problems are themselves symptomatic of a policy framework which is biased at a deeper level than that of specific prescriptions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138709
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Among the Energy Tribes: A cultural framework for the analysis and design of energy policy (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 321-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract My four years at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) have provided the opportunity for some participant observation among the Energy Tribes. The uncertainties that envelop trends in energy supply and demand are so wide that the exploratory mode (asking “What would you like the facts to be?”) turns out to be more rewarding than the adversary mode (asking “What are the facts?”). The three Energy Tribes are distinguished by their three contradictory scenarios: “Business as Usual,” “Middle of the Road” and “Radical Change Now.” Each scenario sets very different bounds on what is credible and incredible, possible and impossible, sensible and foolish, rational and irrational. More often than not, the name of any particular tribe turns out to mean simply “the people” in the language of that tribe. Each tribe, seeing itself as the repository of everything that is human, consigns all the others to a sort of unmenschionable limbo. That, in essence, is what has happened in energy policy analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138710
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved methods for strategic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 51-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article is a summary description of the research carried out by Science Applications, Inc. (SAI) in 1980–1981 to improve methods of strategic analysis. “People-in-the-loop” gaming, with extensive support from computer simulations, automated data bases, and an interactive computer and display system are at the heart of SAI's methodology. The basic approach proposed for achieving the Department of Defense (DoD) improvement objectives is to integrate state-of-the-art techniques into an operating system for strategic warfare analysis, so as to allow DoD staffs routinely to include important factors that often are neglected. The article discusses the development of gaming as a tool of analysis, gives an overview of SAI's conceptual architecture, and summarizes the design of the supporting computer and software system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143368
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143371
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Publishers note (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 96-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143372
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editor's note (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 97-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143072
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New methods for strategic analysis: Automating the wargame (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A new method for automating political-military games as a means of analyzing strategic forces was recently developed and demonstrated by The Rand Corporation. Interest in this technique sprang from dissatisfaction with the dominant methods of analyzing strategic forces: manual political-military games and force exchange models. While each brings important capabilities to the analysis of strategic forces, neither method can independently handle all of the variables required to satisfy the current demands placed on strategic analysis. Rand drew upon the discipline used to develop models and the flexibility inherent in gaming to develop its automated wargame. The method promises significant improvement over the traditional methods of strategic analysis in breadth of input and flexibility of application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143369
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy research and analysis: an empirical profile, 1975–1980 (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 99-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A content analysis was conducted on 181 randomly sampled articles published in nine leading social policy journals from 1975 through 1980. The purpose of the study was to obtain a methodological and substantive profile of the state of the art of the policy sciences. Results indicate the existence of two prevailing types of policy analysis: quantitative-empirical and rhetorical-discussive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143073
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward credible policy inquiry: A reply to Brunner (1982)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143075
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Case-wise policy analysis: Another look at the burden of high energy costs (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 97-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Variable-wise analysis operates on columns of a typical data matrix, while case-wise analysis operates on rows. In the latter, each observation is construed in the context of all other observations on the same case, and the analysis is biased toward the definition of ideal types. This article explores the potential of case-wise policy analysis using survey data on the burden of high energy costs at the household level. The case-wise and variable-wise alternatives are associated with different policy goals and result in quite different priorities for allocating public assistance to households most in need. The article concludes with a discussion of reasons for institutionalizing the case-wise alternative through periodic data collection and reporting systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138346
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On evaluating evaluations (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 147-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The act of evaluation requires an expenditure of resources. In Part I of this paper, we present a simple decision tree model borrowed from operations research to provide a conceptual framework for considering whether or not to commit such resources. In Part II, once the evaluation is carried out, we address the problem of evaluating the evaluation as a vehicle for producing useful information to decisionmakers. Evaluation inputs, processes, and outcomes are defined and discussed within the context of comprehensive evaluation of evaluations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138348
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The political feasibility of full ownership property rights: The cases of pollution and fisheries (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The present paper investigates the political feasibility of policies to control pollution and fishing. It first hypothesizes the following: when common or usufruct property rights are changed to full ownership, the new policy is not an unadulterated charge or auctioned license because of the implied wealth transfer. This hypothesis is “tested” by reviewing the cases in which full ownership rights have been established and is found to be consistent with the evidence. The paper then investigates the conditions that facilitate the development of full ownership rights. It concludes that proposing policies that are simple and incremental increases political feasibility, in large part because of greater understanding by fishermen and polluters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138349
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1983)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1983), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138350
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On normative futures research (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 121-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is less a state-of-the-art discussion of normative futures research than a critique of current thinking about futures research in general. It argues strongly for an integration of diverse approaches to identification of alternative futures (as contrasted with reliance on a single approach, however sophisticated), because of the difficult problem of hidden bias. Applying this principle to the present situation of industrialized society, it identifies a set of dilemmas which appear unresolvable except through a thoroughgoing transformation of culture and institutions. Furthermore, it suggests some evidence that we may indeed be witnessing the beginning stages of a revolutionary transformation. The paper concludes with a suggestion of some of the characteristics futures research would have to have if it is to illuminate us with regard to whether such a transformation is taking place, and with regard to the choices it poses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138030
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The new supplemental security income—Implications for other benefit programs (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 359-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Supplemental Security Income (SSI), a federal assistance program for the needy aged, blind and disabled, replaced the old federal-state welfare programs in January 1974. The enactment of this income floor, following a decade of revolutionary growth in aid to these three groups, may precipitate further program reform. First, the VA pension program aiding a beneficiary group similar to that of SSI, could be merged with SSI into a single federal program. Second, SSI may mark a turning point in the development of the social security system. A federally-administered income floor for the poor who are elderly or disabled can relieve social security of the welfare elements built into that system in an earlier period, allowing its original function of wage-replacement to be improved. A reorientation of social security vis-à-vis SSI would also allow a more equitable treatment of persons covered under one or both programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139974
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    National health insurance: Some lessons from the Canadian experience (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 447-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract In the current American debate over national health insurance an examination of the Canadian governmental experience is very instructive. Canada is enough like the United States to make the effects of Canadian health insurance policies rather like a large natural experiment. The Canadian experience—universal government health insurance administered by the ten provinces with some fiscal and policy variations—can be used to predict the impact in the United States of proposed national health insurance plans on the medical care system, and the reaction of mass publics and national policymakers to these effects. The central purpose of the Canadian national health insurance was to reduce and hopefully eliminate financial barriers to medical care. In this it succeeded. But it also produced results which Canadian policymakers never anticipated: essentially unexpected side-effects on cost, quality, organization, and manpower distribution of the particular national health insurance program adopted. It should be cause for concern, the article concludes, that most of the prominent American national health insurance proposals resemble the Canadian program in failing to provide a single level of government with both the means and incentives to curb the inflationary effects of national health insurance. The lesson from Canada is that unless the system has very strong anti-inflationary mechanisms and incentives built into it, national health insurance will feed the fires of medical inflation despite great formal governmental authority to control it.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142384
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy simulation for crude oil production of OPEC countries (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 93-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a policy simulation study for the behavior of crude oil production of OPEC countries, especially oil exporting countries in the Middle East, and its influence on the world energy situation. The policy questions to be examined include: What kind of policy could avoid or postpone the occurrence of “creeping cutback” by OPEC countries, without creating an “eye for eye” type policy? What priorities exist among alternative policies? For this purpose, a policy simulation model written in DYNAMO II has been developed. Policy analyses using this simulator are presented, and the methodological limitations of this approach are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146023
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abolishing the District of Columbia motorcycle squad (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The paper reviews the evidence concerning the abolition of the motorcycle squad of the Metropolitan Police Department of Washington, D.C. and, from it, attempts to draw inferences about the process of terminating governmental units and activities. It discusses the resistance which a small part of the police force was able to put up against the change, the compensatory and other mechanisms by which that resistance could be lessened and overcome, and the supportive, although hardly determinative, role of analysis in the process of change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143914
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The prevention of nuclear war in a world of uncertainty (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The simple treatment of complex issues in the nuclear world has created dangerously self-deceptive and sterile views of such conflict. “Calculations” of missile duels and other possible strategic interactions have led to analytic self-deception where the more simplified the calculation, the greater the distance between the atrocious abstraction and the incomprehensible reality for which it serves as a disguise. “Fictionalizing” about deterrence and its variants has led to intellectual and moral self-deception where the focus of the fiction has diverted attention and action from other likely ways in which a nuclear conflict could be initiated, such as accidents, conventional wars, or terrorism. Besides reexamining old and diversionary patterns of thought and action—“cultural strait jackets”—we need more fundamental investigations into ways in which the weapons of modern war might be made less dangerous, procedures to make crises “reversible,” and improved and creative mechanisms for reducing and limiting the spread of nuclear weapons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143918
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The evolution of a bail reform (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 281-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyzes an attempt to reform the bail system through the development of procedures increasing the use of pre-trial release on own recognizance. A motivating question for the study is the extent to which criminal justice systems are organized to improve their performance over time. This depends upon the ability to generate new ideas, screen them, implement the good ones successfully, and diffuse those successfully implemented to other areas. How any particular reform evolves depends upon a variety of economic, political, and organizational factors. An evolutionary economic framework is used in an attempt to describe the interaction of these factors coherently. The paper suggests that (1) the reform as initially developed did represent an improvement; (2) considerable deterioration occurred over time after implementation; (3) diffusion was widespread with variable performance improvement; (4) an important benefit was the development of a spin-off reform; and (5) there is a general misorganization of resources at the local level for research and development efforts of criminal justice systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137625
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nondemocratic nonplanning: The French experience (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 371-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract During the de Gaulle and Pompidou regimes, the French executive claimed that its Economic and Social Development Plan fitted an ideal model of democratic planning. It was democratic in both process and substance, devised after wide consultations, and designed to pursue the welfare of the nation as a whole. It also met the standards of “planning,” outlining a coherent set of actions which could realistically be taken during each planning period, and which were rationally calculated to further carefully-defined long-term aims. An analysis of the preparation process and of the quality of the Plan as written and executed, however, indicates that it did not meet the standards of either democracy or planning. The conclusion of the paper expresses serious doubt about the possibility of ever achieving the ideal of democratic planning in France.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137630
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rational fantasies (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 439-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This is a case study of how (and why) the National Institute of Education used program evaluation and systematic planning, both orchestrated by guidelines and rules, for managing the implementation of one broad-aim educational innovation. The story has two main themes. The minor theme concerns uncertainty—about the goals of the innovation, how to develop them, and, indeed, NIE's survival. The major theme concerns NIE's attempt to use rational management strategies—evaluation and long-range planning—to reduce the uncertainties. It was hoped that guidelines would shape the developers' evaluation and planning efforts to produce information which would satisfy a variety of audiences—NIE top managers, Congress, oversight bureaus, the academic community. The case study will show that this use of rationality and control to direct the innovation's implementation produced a number of problems. These included invalid information, unsurfaced conflict, information which the development agencies could not share with NIE, and an unrealistic notion at NIE about what was happening in the field. Rather than producing more accurate information for managerial decision-making, then, the guidelines produced information that was far from the truth. This in turn made the development and implementation of the innovation more confused, and rather than reducing uncertainty, increased it all around.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139940
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Shah and the Bomb (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract There are several reasons to fear that Iran will produce nuclear weapons. The country is making an enormous investment in nuclear reactors. The Shah gave a press interview in 1974 hinting at a weapons program. The Indian detonation of a “peaceful nuclear device” puts pressure on a near-neighbor like Iran. Yet there are also reasons to hope that this move will not be made. The Iranian investment in nuclear industry may not be premature in terms of peaceful economic purposes, and may thus not prove any military intent. A great deal of time will pass in any event before a real weapons potential is reached. A mixed forecast is thus in order, neither optimistic nor pessimistic. The Shah may well feel that Iran is better off keeping the entire Middle East free of nuclear weapons, as through its proposed Nuclear-Free Zone. Yet the policy process in Iran may make it difficult to get enough push behind this proposal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727599
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book review (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727604
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technology assessment and policy analysis (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 173-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Technology assessment involves questions that are in principle beyond the capacity of science to answer. Because available data and models are ambiguous, ability to evaluate the strength and fit of evidence and the adequacy of arguments assumes paramount importance. In this sense, analysis becomes a sort of generalized jurisprudence. Moreover, the impact of a technology depends on the institutional framework within which it is used. Hence, the analyst must also pay attention to institutional constraints and to peoples' attempts to manipulate them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712293
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method for estimating the GNP loss from a future oil embargo (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 217-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article develops a theoretical model to estimate the loss in GNP to the U.S. economy that would result from a future oil embargo. The model is based on an input-output matrix of the economy, but modifies the traditional input-output analysis in order to take account of conservation and substitution possibilities. Data generated from the 1973–74 embargo is used as a bench mark for this study in order to assure that the model produces reasonable estimates. Based upon estimates of future economic and energy growth, this study concludes that the United States will become increasingly vulnerable to economic damage as a result of a future embargo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712296
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process models of governmental resource allocation and program evaluation (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 269-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The General Revenue Sharing program poses problems for systematic evaluation that are similar to the problems posed by many public programs. Evaluation is very difficult when programs are not planned experiments and when program effects depend upon the discretionary responses of many individuals or organizations. The main difficulty is in knowing what would have happened without the program. Models of behavioral processes have an indispensable role in evaluating such programs. This paper considers the role of “process models” in program evaluation. It summarizs research on the impact of General Revenue Sharing on municipal fiscal behavior that used models of municipal resource allocation processes. Quasi-experimental research designs have been characterized as inherently inferior to experimental designs for program evaluation. There is no inherent inferiority. When we have good descriptive models of behavior, it is possible to evaluate programs rigorously without classic experimental research designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719636
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mission of public policy programs: A report on recent experience (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This is the report of a meeting on graduate training and research programs in public policy organized by the Ford Foundation on September 10, 1975. The meeting was attended by various representatives of the Ford Foundation along with the following representatives of public policy schools: Graham Allison, Professor, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; William B. Cannon, Former Dean, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas; John P. Crecine, Former Professor, Institute of Public Policy Studies, University of Michigan; Otto A. Davis, Dean, School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie-Mellon University; Joel L. Fleishman, Director, Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, Duke University; Edward K. Hamilton, Professor, Program in Public Management, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University; Donald E. Stokes, Dean, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University; Aaron Wildavsky, Dean, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of California (Berkeley); Charles Wolf, Jr., Head of Economics Department, and Director of Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, The Rand Corporation; Douglas T. Yates, Jr., Associate Dean, School of Organization and Management, Yale University. The author acted as the rapporteur of the meeting and offers the following account with the permission of those whose views and experience are directly represented. The author owes a special acknowledgement to Peter Bell of the Ford Foundation who made many useful comments on the original account and saved the author from numerous factual errors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719640
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production efficiency versus bureaucratic self-interest: Two innovative processes? (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 381-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article reports on a study of technological innovations in state and local government agencies. The study was based on an aggregate analysis of 140 previously published and unpublished case studies, in which a closed-ended questionnaire was used to extract information from the case studies. The main hypotheses and findings of the study concern the possible existence of two innovative processes, one that emphasizes service improvements but that does not necessarily lead to enduring incorporation of the innovation (production efficiency), and the other that emphasizes incorporation even where the innovation may not have produced a demonstrable service improvement (bureaucratic self-interest).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727406
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The logic of ‘Policy’ and successful policies (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 351-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Developed on the premise that how we conceive of ‘policy’ and ‘successful policy’ guides policy sciences' research and evaluation, this paper responds to the conceptual questions of “what is a policy?” and “when is a policy successful?” Formal or logical conditions are established to distinguish ‘policy’ from related concepts. The notion ‘relevant public’ is introduced to distinguish public policies from private policies and to identify fairly-declared policies. Further, conditions are developed that can be used as logical tests for three types of policy success: implementation success, instrumental success and success in normative justification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137628
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 387-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137631
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Guidelines for social services grants (1976)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 7 (1976), S. 489-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Guidelines for spending federal grants to the states for social services changed repeatedly between 1962 and 1975. The process of preparing guidelines changed, and so did their content. These changes are described and explained. Guidelines at all stages failed to provide intelligible and useful instructions to federal and state administrators. In part this was because the contextual supports that normally help to give effect to grant-in-aid guidelines—explicit antecedents in the law, and implicit understandings among administrators at different levels of the federal system—were lacking or seriously defective. Beyond that, in each of their different phases the guidelines proved untenable because of dysfunctions that may have been peculiar to the respective processes by which they were prepared.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139942
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The compleat advocate (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Recognizing and analyzing a public policy problem is an important first step in impacting on its resolution. However, the more crucial and subtle steps are the subsequent ones of selection of means, implementation, evaluation and termination addressing the multi-phased policy decision process. The translation of knowledge created during the estimation phase of possible policy alternatives is a not very well appreciated activity, and this article sheds clear light on the essentials of how one might go about making this translation. Considered are some practical, hard-won “lessons learned” about becoming and being a public policy advocate. While the specific focus is on children's legislation, the principles invoked have more widespread applicability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727602
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    American welfare strategies: Three programs under the social security act (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 33-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract In the United States, a single piece of legislation, the Social Security Act, is the major vehicle through which the cash assistance to citizens is provided. This act contains many subprograms, programs so different in concept, administration and programmatic implication that many people do not know that the same piece of legislation makes them all possible. In this paper three programs—“social security,” “unemployment compensation,” and “public assistance”—are examined in a sociohistorical, sociocultural context. The roots of these programs are analyzed, their current operations outlined, and the policy problems currently confronting them are detailed. The ways in which the programs relate to the political mythology of the society is seen as important. Because of the continual conflicts arising out of the administration of public assistance, three special cases involving that program are mentioned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727600
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    When evaluators disagree: Perplexities and perspectives (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract It is often held that one function served by evaluation in the fields of education and social policy generally is to assist the administrator in the making of rational decisions. If, under these circumstances, several evaluators come to different conclusions about a research proposal or a pilot social program, on what basis can the administrator make his decision? He can hardly be expected to resolve any technical dispute between the experts who are his advisors. After discussing the various functions of the evaluation process, and analyzing some of the factors that may lead to such lack of consensus amongst experts, the paper recommends that if the administrator is concerned solely with making a rationally defensible decision, then he should select his evaluating panel so that all members share the same theoretical orientation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712291
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Food for thought: On appraising nutrition programs (1977)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 8 (1977), S. 303-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Although the dimensions, causes, and cures of malnutrition are still in dispute, there are accepted methods for resolving these controversies, and important advances in knowledge about nutrition have occurred in recent years. No such methodological resources exist for developing usable knowledge from the vast policy experience countries have had in dealing with problems of nutrition on a mass scale, however. The paper suggests three approaches to identifying patterns of policy, describing national experiences in terms that can be studied, compared, and accumulated. Evidence of these patterns is still essentially anecdotal, but standard policy histories can test and enrich the hypothesized relationships among policy variables. Drawing on experiences in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Chile, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Jamaica, and Colombia, the paper analyzes sequences of decision making and the coalitions of actors involved in setting nutrition policy; the impact of “target group” identification on program operations; and the three major sub-systems of decisions that have to be made in designing and implementing programs aimed at improving the nutritional status of the poor. The paper concludes with a description of the functions a policy analysis unit might perform in converting such findings to a basis for decision-making.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719637
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection of major planning issues (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 71-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A feature of government departments is the continuous stream of policy issues which arise and require some response. Lindblom's “Science of Muddling Through” provides one way of dealing with this situation but has often been criticized as too limiting. Yet experience with more comprehensive approaches has not been encouraging. Research has been undertaken, with particular reference to health services, to develop another approach to planning and policy making; a key feature in this approach is that issues must be filtered so that those which require an analytical rather than an administrative approach can be identified and their relative importance decided. Thus, issues of major importance can be selected for detailed planning attention and the inevitably limited planning skills that are available used to best effect. This paper puts forward proposals for this process of selection; it describes a set of criteria for selection and demonstrates how these can be used in a procedure which is systematic yet retains political realism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137979
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The margins of security: Politics and economics in Sweden (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 207-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The strong military defense posture is perhaps the most well-known attribute of the Swedish security policy. A military-industrial policy of self-sufficiency is often described as a necessary condition for the peace-time credibility of Sweden's nonaligned position and will to stay neutral in war. What is not so well known are the underlying premises, costs involved and the alternatives rejected. This article analyzes national and international developments with important implications for the future. When the suit of the traditional Swedish security policy becomes too small, the margins of security become apparent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143742
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiple objectives in environmental protection programs (1978)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 9 (1978), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This research demonstrates the need for and the usefulness of a multi-dimensional approach to the management of environmental programs. While the thrust of the paper is toward environmental quality programs the conceptual development is appropriate for many public sector programs. The paper describes an experiment in the determination of multi-dimensional objectives within three programs in a state environmental quality program. In addition, measures of effectiveness, based on the multi-dimensional objectives, are proposed as relevant measures of program effectiveness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137980
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Towards more flexibility of government expenditure: Some recent developments in The Netherlands (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 16 (1984), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract As government revenues diminish, budgetary discretions or flexibilities have similarly decreased. A pressing question is therefore how to minimize the inflexible elements or components of a budget. This article distinguishes between technical and political inflexibilities as they are reflected in the budgetary process and argues that the latter are much more difficult to correct. After drawing some examples from studies of the Dutch national budget, the article proposes the use of “reconsideration reports” as a means to alleviate the politically inflexible components of the budget, as well as a way to assess government programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135957
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation and termination in the policy cycle (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Policy termination is normally treated within a policy cycle view, where the termination stage is expected to follow, and be guided by, the evaluation stage. This hypothesized linking of termination with evaluation is examined here through the lenses of “reformers” and “guardians,” as they relate to the termination question of Project Renewal in Israel. Reformers see the fulfillment of Project Renewal objectives as the precondition for termination. Guardians hold that past commitments are no longer relevant. The question is not whether to evaluate, but what to evaluate; what objectives should count in making cutback and termination decisions. The close linkage posited beween programmatic evaluation and termination seems to have resolved the objectives question, to lead policy analysts to expect, if not prefer, commitment to original objectives. But insofar as we are willing to acknowledge policy termination as a political process, we must refocus our termination lenses to permit a changing set of objectives into this later stage of the policy process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229726
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Policy analysis: some observations on the West German scene (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 27-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The article provides an overview on the development and the state of policy analysis as applied public policy research in West Germany. The developmental sketch shows that, similar to the upsurge of policy research in the United States since the mid-1960s, policy research in the Federal Republic of Germany is an offspring of the reformist period of the late 1960s and early 1970s, carried by a virtual “reformers' coalition” among politicians, bureaucrats, and researchers. Due to extradisciplinary demands and also intradisciplinary shifts in research foci, public policy research became almost a “growth industry” in the course of the 1970s. The article goes on to explore which repercussions the economic crisis, the new conservative moods and majorities and the “end to reforms” has had on the state and the orientation of policy analysis. The argument is presented that, no matter which majorities have the day, policy research remains socially and politically indispensible to detect and test corridors and “niches” for public action under ever narrower financial restraints and to identify the costs and benefits of such policies in a changing world.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229727
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deterring discrimination with data (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 49-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Discrimination on grounds of race, sex, and handicap persists in many local school districts in spite of nearly twenty years of sustained attention from federal policymakers. Because litigation proceeds slowly and expensively, and because administrative attacks on discrimination have been stymied by political controversy, additional policy strategies merit careful consideration. We studied the operation of one such strategy in nine local districts: the mandatory collection of data concerning civil rights matters in schools. Data collection and reporting shaped local compliance with civil rights laws in four ways: by threatening local officials with future penalties, by providing political ammunition to constituencies that care about civil rights, by allowing local districts to learn about their own performance, and by framing school practices in ways that heighten awareness about equity. In this policy setting, data collection has advantages and disadvantages that complement those of other enforcement strategies. In this and other policy settings, data collection has power to elicit compliance even in the absence of conventional enforcement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229728
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The development and present state of policy research (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229730
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229731
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citizen participation and judgment in policy analysis: A case study of urban air quality policy (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 67-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The emphasis currently placed on citizen participation in planning results in part from the recognition that planning requires judgments that have both value and technical components. This article describes a case study of a citizen participation process in which planners' judgments, rather than the judgments of the members of a citizens' task force, seemed to dictate the outcome. Although citizens were supposed to be influential in the policy analysis, they were, in effect, excluded from a meaningful role in the process. The analysis was actually guided by planners' supposedly technical judgments. Those judgments had important value implications, however, and those implications were not made clear to the citizens' task force. Examples are given of judgments made by planners at each stage of the analysis and the value components of those judgments are discussed. In each example, the judgments resulted in elimination of alternatives, selection of information, or integration of information. Two examples of methods of citizen participation which can increase the influence of citizens' judgments are also described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229729
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 99-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146922
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 98-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229732
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retention and retirement: The case of the U.S. military (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The military retirement system provides an immediate, lifetime, inflation-protected annuity to personnel who complete 20 or more years of service. The cost of this system has risen substantially in the past 15 years, and the system's actuarial costs now comprise almost one-third of total military manpower costs. Because of its importance in the total military compensation system, the military retirement system exerts a significant influence on the age structure of the force and on personnel turnover patterns. This article evaluates the relative efficiency of the current retirement system by comparing it with two recently proposed alternatives, one by a presidential commission and one by the Department of Defense. It estimates the impact of these proposed alternatives on the military personnel force structure and on manpower costs. It is concluded that these alternatives would provide a force as capable as today's force at significantly lower cost.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146923
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defining risk (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 123-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Risk is the focal topic in the management of many activities and technologies. For that management to be successful, an explicit and accepted definition of the term “risk” is essential. Creation of that definition is a political act, expressing the definers' values regarding the relative importance of different possible adverse consequences for a particular decision. Those values, and with them the definition of risk, can change with changes in the decisionmaker, the technologies considered, or the decision problem. After a review of the sources of controversy in defining risk, a general framework is developed, showing how these value issues can be systematically addressed. As an example, the approach is applied to characterizing the risks of six competing energy technologies, the relative riskeness of which depends upon the particular definition used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146924
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technology, behavior, and safety: An empirical study of automobile occupant-protection regulation (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Technology and human behavior can influence the effectiveness of safety policies. In the field of traffic safety, rational-choice theorists postulate that automobile safety devices induce increased driver risk taking. Such behavioral responses could partly or totally nullify the lifesaving potential of governmental safety rules for new cars, such as the crashworthiness standards adopted by the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This study explores the behavioral-response hypothesis in the context of a car-vintage model of U.S. car occupant death rates. Results from the model imply that U.S. standards have reduced the occupant death rate by roughly 30 percent, a finding consistent with minimal driver response to safety devices. The study provides support for the technological approach to safety policy and suggests that policymakers might consider adopting additional crashworthiness regulations, such as some form of passive-restraint program.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146925
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deep-draft dredging of U.S. coal ports: A cost-benefit analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article discusses whether U.S. society should invest in large-scale coal port development and examines specifically financing the deep-draft dredging of coal ports on the East and/or Gulf Coasts (Baltimore, Hampton Roads, Mobile, and New Orleans) so that fully loaded, large coal-carrying colliers can export coal to Western Europe. By assuming a society-wide perspective, no costs and benefits are attributed to various parties. Although the multifaceted nature of the coal port issue is acknowledged, the core of this study is a large number of different simulations. Each simulation “optimizes” the United States-Western Europe coal trade for a given demand, ocean transportation cost structure, and cost of capital. This relatively simple model focuses on the key tradeoff: the cost of dredging versus lower ocean transportation costs. The study supports those recommending caution in coal port development. The most striking conclusion is the robustness of two solutions - no dredging or dredge only Hampton Roads - depending on the assumptions. Our conclusions also generally do not support simultaneously dredging all deep-draft options, the concurrent dredging of more than one port, or dredging either of the Gulf ports before the two East Coast ports.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146926
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do not cry wolf until you are sure: The manufactured crises in evaluation research (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article argues that the so-called crisis in evaluation is phenomenological rather than empirical. That is, our statements about evaluation, the presentational strategies used to define our expertise, and the ceremonies surrounding the dissemination of results are more problematic than what it is we actually do. If we can avoid calling attention to imaginary wolves, people might well listen when we do have something to say.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146927
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146928
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editors' introduction: The IIASA energy study (1984)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 17 (1984), S. 197-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138707
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    “Squishy” problems and quantitative methods (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The edited text of a talk on potential hazards in the application of quantitative methods to “squishy” problems without well-defined structure, of the type frequently encountered in government policy and decisionmaking. Squishy problems are defined, and a three-level conceptual model of analysis which displays the relative roles of logical inference and qualitative human judgment is described. Two ways in which people use models of all types, as a surrogate for the substantive problem (e.g., Newtonian mechanics as a surrogate for “real” mechanics), and as a perspective on the problem (e.g., two-dimensional perspective drawing) are described and contrasted, and some of the implications of the difference for the analysis of squishy problems are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138033
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developing the relevance potentialities of national security and foreign policy research: Some proposed criteria (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract While effective foreign and national security policy-making increasingly requires research that is produced outside government, little is known about how such research affects the actions of policy-makers, or why it may or may not be “policy-relevant” to them. This essay poses a number of criteria which can be used to weigh the policy relevance of “applied” social science research for national security and foreign policy issues. These criteria can be divided into content and process categories, the former including aspects of time, issue salience, format, and confidence; and the latter incorporating questions related to the origin of research, the strategy which informs it, and the tactics by which it is presented. Hopefully, such criteria can be applied to existing works, serve as guidelines for future research, and perhaps illuminate the general role of “social knowledge” in policy formulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138032
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quasi-experiments and environmental policy (1975)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 6 (1975), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper suggests applying experimental and quasi-experimental approaches to the study of environmental problems. Some important issues in quasi-experimentation are outlined and strategies appropriate for research on collective goods highlighted. Studies both of the demand for various underpriced goods and of programs for changing usage of a collective good are suggested. Questions of causality are treated in some detail. The logic of a new quasi-experimental design, the event-causing design, is presented and compared with that of the interrupted time-series design. Problems of site selection are discussed in terms of the types of projects for which random assignment of sites might be possible. New combinations of experimental and analytical techniques are suggested for improving the quality of research on environmental problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00139969
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...