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  • Articles  (46)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (46)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (46)
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  • 2008  (46)
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  • Articles  (46)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (46)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Importance of Industrial Policy in Quality-Ladder Growth Models (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of macroeconomics 8.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0486
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We extend the class of quality-ladder growth models (Grossman and Helpman, 1991, Segerstrom, 1998 and others), to encompass an economy with asymmetric fundamentals. In contrast to the standard framework, in our model industries may differ in terms of their innovative potential (quality jumps and arrival rates) and consumers' preferences. This extension allows us to bring industrial policy back into the realm of the growth policy debate. We first show that it is always possible to raise the long-run growth rate and the social welfare of the economy through a costless tax/subsidy scheme reallocating resources towards the relatively more promising industries. We then prove that, in certain economies, even a mere profit taxation policy increases economic growth and social welfare above the laissez-faire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejm/vol8/iss1/art1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of Tony Fitzpatrick, New Theories of Welfare (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art16
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is Basic Income Viable? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The debate about Basic Income (BI) has hitherto been preoccupied with questions of desirability. To correct this imbalance and to throw light on the problems of winning political support for BI, this article considers whether BI is viable. At this stage, the exercise is necessarily speculative, but can be useful as long as care is taken to specify institutional arrangements and to take into account the way social agents are likely to respond to the introduction of BI. Accordingly, I develop a theoretical model of the interaction between tax-transfer policy and economic performance to explore the options facing the citizens of an imaginary state, who are contemplating radical reform but espouse divergent moral values. Initially, to fix ideas, I assume that their options are independent of the prevailing normative climate. In the end, however, I show that this assumption is untenable, and I draw conclusions for BI as a political project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Republican Right to Basic Income? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art10
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Republicanism? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art12
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    List of Contributors (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WACC or APV? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Miller and Modigliani's seminal papers (1958, 1963) gave rise to two alternative methodologies for project and firm valuations: the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Adjusted Present Value (APV). As is often the case of many larger firms in industrialized economies, whenever a target debt ratio is set up for the long term, WACC might be a good approximation. However, APV has certain advantages making it more convenient for smaller companies with unstable debt ratios, in countries with complex tax legislation and in emerging markets where high economic uncertainty makes the leveraging decision much more opportunistic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art1
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for a Unit Root in the Net Discount Rate: A Survey of the Empirical Results (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study provides a survey of the empirical results associated with testing for a unit root in the net discount rate. As suggested by the literature, the use of the historical average of the net discount rate in the calculation of the present value of lost future earnings is valid if the net discount rate follows a mean reverting, stationary process. However, if the net discount rate follows a mean averting, non-stationary process forensic economists should perhaps use the current value of the net discount rate in such calculations. A majority of the studies surveyed indicate that the net discount rate experienced a structural break in the late 1970s-early 1980s. In general, if the net discount rate is stationary as a result of a structural break, forensic economists should use the average net discount rate over the post-break period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk-Adjusted Performance as a Rigorous Approach to Removing Subjectivity from Expert Assessments of Suitability (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A broker has an obligation to ensure that his client incorporates suitable assets into his portfolio. Greater objectivity can be brought to assessments of suitability by comparing the performance of the aggrieved investor's portfolio to a benchmark portfolio using the Modigliani & Modigliani risk-adjusted performance measure. The applicable counterfactual benchmark could be either a ``market" portfolio or a suitable alternative portfolio. The calculation of confidence intervals associated with the measured difference in risk-adjusted returns is demonstrated. Castaneda-like standards can be used as criteria for whether defendant's actions negatively impacted portfolio performance rather than outside events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art3
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Privatization and Financial Performance: Can Value Be Created by Privatizing State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) Region? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 3.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study investigates the impact of privatization on value creation in State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A multi-case study approach, using quantitative and qualitative data, is used to rectify the findings of prior SOE privatization research by taking a finer-grained analysis into the conditions that determine post-privatization performance. This study addresses the research question, "What is the effect of privatization in terms of value creation for State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region?" Value creation is measured in terms of profitability, operating efficiency, capital expenditures, and leverage. Using quantitative performance metrics to assess value creation, we also use qualitative data to show that post-privatization value creation depends on specific strategic initiatives as well as government policy toward competition. Our overall conclusion is that privatizing SOEs can be beneficial in the MENA region but must coincide with strong government reform policies, and certain financial and managerial strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol3/iss1/art1
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of Guy Standing and Michael Samson, A Basic Income Grant for South Africa (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art15
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Income and Economic Integration (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article addresses some of the issues raised for the Basic Income (BI) principle by global economic integration; especially the argument that a new model of reciprocity between affluent and developing economies does not require, and might be undermined by, this approach. In that view, complementarity between an Anglophone version of capitalism and an Asian model of human development can supply a more reliable route to eliminating world poverty and advancing global well-being.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art7
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Income and the Republican Ideal: Rethinking Material Independence in Contemporary Societies (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art9
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Content (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art1
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From the Editors (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol2/iss2/art2
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Navigating the Jungle of Valuing Complex Capital Structures in Privately Held Companies: An Integrative Simulation Approach (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the FASB's emphasis on fair value, valuation of privately held companies' capital structures has taken on additional emphasis. Each methodology proposed in the AICPA's Practice Aid "Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation" can result in suboptimal valuations when valuing complex capital structures. We discuss valuation of such capital structures and offer a workable, integrated simulation methodology combining the strengths of the probability-weighted expected return method with those of the option-pricing method. We demonstrate the methodology using transformed real-world data resulting in a flexible methodology that can be expanded to accommodate various aspects of complex capital structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jbvela/vol2/iss2/art5
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leveraging Green Power: Environmental Rules for Project Finance (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Environmental policies of providers of international finance - namely the World Bank, export credit agencies, and Equator Principles banks - provide interesting cases within which to study the power of business not as only an input to the political process or as a constraint on politics, but also as a conduit for both state and non-state actors.This paper shows how targeting financial actors has allowed NGOs to transform their rather weak discursive power base into instrumental power over business actors in other sectors. NGOs have channeled their power through states, consumers, and financial institutions; this has allowed them to augment discursive power over their targets with additional indirect, yet more immediate, forms of structural and instrumental power. As a consequence of both direct and indirect NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies. This article posits a theoretical explanation of the underspecified power relationships in NGO strategies that allow NGOs to exploit weak links in commodity chains for their campaigns.This paper argues that financial institutions wield considerable structural power through their ability to control access to finance. It is particularly this power base which has made them prime targets for NGOs campaigning for the greening of infrastructure development projects. As a consequence of NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies which in turn have provided the World Bank and Equator banks with additional sources of discursive power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol9/iss3/art3
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Power of Socialization: Engaging the Diamond Industry in the Kimberley Process (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Research on conflict in resource-rich countries suggests that resource extraction companies contribute to tension but not development. In recent times, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have flourished, in which set up regulation is not against business but in joint cooperation with corporate actors. Yet PPPs are criticized for serving business self-interest and increasing business power rather than the common good. The paper takes the Kimberley Process and the diamond industry as an example to examine the multi-faceted nature of business power when this PPP was negotiated. The core of the argument is that realist-informed perspectives about business power in PPPs and constructivist accounts emphasizing socialization and social learning processes only tell one part of the story. While demonstrating that the diamond industry acted as a both a socializing and socialized agent, the analysis of the different facets of power shows that structural and discursive power were crucial elements in making socialization happen in the first place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bap/vol9/iss3/art2
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Power of Transnational Private Governance: Financialization and the IASB (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This investigation of accounting standard setting as a case of business power in global governance links together three facets of power. First we examine the discursive power of international accounting standards in the ongoing process of financialization, which we break into two dynamics centered on profit and control. We argue that the selection of accounting paradigms does not concern measurement accuracy but is rather a choice of perspectives between finance and production when presenting economic reality as numbers. Drawing on evidence from the contestation between Rhenish capitalism and the financial perspective, we then explain why, despite the overwhelming structural power of finance, instrumental power exercised in political lobbying over accounting standards can still have considerable success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflict and Production: An Application to Natural Resources (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: I present a Stackelberg model of conflict, in which contestants have limited endowments to be put in two separate sectors, thus incorporating salient features of many conflicts. The model is applied to the case of conflict over natural resources. Consistent with amounting empirical evidence regarding a so-called "resource curse," I find that the relation between conflict intensity and resource rents is non-monotonous, and that the economy's income growth rate may be negatively affected by resource abundance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/vol8/iss1/art2
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Network Effects and Complex Network Structure (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of theoretical economics 7.2008, 1, art46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0478
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a model of local network effects in which agents connected in a social network each value the adoption of a product by a heterogeneous subset of other agents in their neighborhood, and have incomplete information about the structure and strength of adoption complementarities between all other agents. I show that the symmetric Bayes-Nash equilibria of this network game are in monotone strategies, can be strictly Pareto-ranked based on a scalar neighbor-adoption probability value, and that the greatest such equilibrium is uniquely coalition-proof. Each Bayes-Nash equilibrium has a corresponding fulfilled-expectations equilibrium under which agents form local adoption expectations. Examples illustrate cases in which the social network is an instance of a Poisson random graph, when it is a complete graph, a standard model of network effects, and when it is a generalized random graph. A generating function describing the structure of networks of adopting agents is characterized as a function of the Bayes-Nash equilibrium they play, and empirical implications of this characterization are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejte/vol7/iss1/art46
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disciplinary Biases in Approaching African Development (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper tries to individuate various actual and potential aspects of an anthropological analysis of development, aiming to draw a comprehensive picture. A number of background questions encourage this attempt. Is development a form of engagement with the great questions of poverty, hunger and oppression in Africa? What is the relationship between development and politics? What is that between development and technical expertise? Why should African people articulate their political aspirations in the language of development, while Europeans or Americans have at their disposal a political language? Section one considers the general representation of Africa as transmitted by social and economical indicators. It underlines some dissatisfaction with the process of reducing the social and economic reality to a set of data. It also considers the material and cultural implications lying behind technocratic attitudes, suggesting that they should be the object of anthropological analysis. The limits of data reductionism make clearer the advantages of an anthropological perspective on the topic of development, which is too often considered in a technical dimension, ultimately discarding human agency. In turn, however, a deeper understanding of the geo-political and historical context of development intervention is very much needed in order to enrich anthropological approaches, which run the risk of being excessively narrow and self-reflective. Reviewing a number of works in the field of development and anthropology, section two tries to find out the main limitations of such literature, and calling for a broader understanding. Finally, section three considers more ambitious approaches, such as Ferguson's ``anti-politics machine". In particular, this part puts an emphasis on the de-politicizing effect of technocratic development interventions. It also underlines the problems arising from a Foucauldian view of institutions being produced by discourses. The conclusion will summarise the tools needed by an anthropological perspective on development, trying to find a balance between the representation of human agency and the understanding of the deeper hegemonic structures characterising development intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/gj/vol7/iss3/art6
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One Country, Two Systems, and Three Memberships: Legal and Economic Integration between China and its Two SARs (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art7 
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    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines legal and economic integration between China and its two Special Administrative Regions, namely, Hong Kong and Macau. Two dimensions are dealt with in this paper: the constitutional/national framework and the WTO/CEPA framework. In the constitutional/national framework, this paper examines the interaction between People's Supreme Court and the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong and Macau. It analyzes the horizontal and vertical interaction between courts in China and in the Special Administrative Regions, focusing mainly on three issues: the Standing Committee/CFA, exclusive/residual competence, and the competition of jurisdiction. In the WTO/CEPA framework, this paper presents the legal bases and accession histories of these three memberships in the WTO, and examines their trade policies and practices both in the GATT and the WTO. Emphasis is placed on how and why Hong Kong, China and Macau, China enjoy full memberships in the WTO as China does. This paper finally explores the dispute settlement mechanism provided in the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements between China and its two SARs, and examines the possibility for these three members to avail themselves of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper finds that the legal and economic integration between China and its two SARs offers much both to comparative lawyers and international trade lawyers: the vast diversity of legal culture in these three areas yields an unprecedented conflict and combination, while the interaction between China and its two separate customs territories, Hong Kong, China and Macau, China, in the international trading regime, presents a new landscape in the WTO.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Basic Income for Housing? Simulating a Universal Housing Transfer in the Netherlands and Sweden (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The gradualist approach towards an unconditional basic income for all involves the introduction or extension of universal benefits in place of current income-tested ones. Such a policy shift might cause higher fiscal costs or adverse distributional effects, at least in the short run. However, this need not always be the case. Using the tax-benefit model EUROMOD, the article simulates the introduction of a universal housing transfer - that is flat rate, tenure neutral and budget neutral - in place of mortgage interest tax relief and housing benefits in the Netherlands and Sweden. As it turns out, the regressive effect of mortgage interest tax relief thwarts the progressive effect of housing benefits. In view of that, replacing both by the universal housing transfer (equivalent to a partial basic income for housing) would enhance tax progressivity and reduce income inequality at no extra fiscal cost. Policy implications and possible objections are discussed in the concluding section.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Republican Case for Basic Income: A Plea for Difficulty (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art13 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Economics of Workaholism: We Should Not Have Worked on This Paper (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art3 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A large literature examines the addictive properties of such behaviors as smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling and eating. We argue that for some people addictive behavior may apply to a much more central aspect of economic life: working. Although workaholism raises some of the same health-related concerns as other addictions, compared to most of the more familiar addictions it is more likely to be a problem of higher-income individuals and is more likely to generate negative spillovers onto individuals around the workaholic. Using the Retirement History Survey and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that high-income, highly educated people exhibit behavior that is consistent with workaholism with regard to retiring-they are more likely to postpone earlier plans for retirement. The theory and evidence suggest that the presence of workaholism calls for a more progressive income tax system than otherwise, although other more targeted policies may be part of optimal policy.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Shape of Demand: What Does It Tell Us about Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Antidepressants? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art4 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of the debate surrounding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals centers on whether DTCA conveys useful information to consumers or indiscriminately increases requests for the advertised medication. By identifying how DTCA changes the shape of the demand curve for antidepressants, we seek to infer the promotional objectives of manufacturers. Using data from the 1996-2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we find that advertising shifts the demand curve for antidepressants outward and rotates it counter-clockwise. DTCA increases the probability that an individual will initiate use of antidepressants, particularly when out-of-pocket medication costs are low, but does not necessarily increase utilization levels among those already taking antidepressants. This is consistent with a promotional campaign that seeks to alert consumers to the product's existence, but conveys no real information that would allow them to learn their true match with the product.
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    Incompatibility, Product Attributes and Consumer Welfare: Evidence from ATMs (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Incompatibility in markets with network effects reduces consumers' ability to "mix and match" components offered by different sellers, but can also spur changes in product attributes that might benefit consumers. In this paper, we estimate the effects of incompatibility on consumers in a classic hardware/software market: ATM cards and machines. We find that ATM fees ceteris paribus reduce the network benefit from other banks' ATMs. However, a surge in ATM deployment accompanies the shift to surcharging. Even under conservative assumptions regarding how much of the surge is directly attributable to surcharging, greater deployment often completely offsets the harm from higher fees. The results suggest that policy discussions of incompatibility must consider not only its direct effect on consumers, but also its effect on product attributes.
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    How Did SCHIP Affect the Insurance Coverage of Immigrant Children? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) significantly expanded public insurance eligibility and coverage for children in ``working poor" families. Despite this success, it is estimated that over 6 million children who are eligible for public insurance remain uninsured. An important first step for designing strategies to increase enrollment of eligible but uninsured children is to determine how the take-up of public coverage varies within the population. Because of their low rates of insurance coverage and unique enrollment barriers, children of immigrants are an especially important group to consider. We compare the effect of SCHIP eligibility on the insurance coverage of children of foreign-born and native-born parents. In contrast to research on the earlier Medicaid expansions, we find similar take-up rates for the two groups. This suggests that state outreach strategies were not only effective at increasing take-up overall, but were successful in reducing disparities in access to coverage.
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    The Effect of the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1985 on Health Care Utilization of Employment Separators (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the effect of COBRA on health care utilization among a sample of individuals who experience employment separation. The empirical specification employs a structural simultaneous equations model of insurance choice and utilization that is estimated by Maximum Simulated Likelihood. Results indicate that employment separators who elect COBRA appear to consume more health care compared to individuals who become temporarily uninsured. In addition, results do not indicate adverse selection into COBRA. Although COBRA enrollees consume more health care than temporary insurance losers, election appears to exhibit favorable selection with respect to physician utilization.
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    Did `Targets and Terror' Reduce Waiting Times in England for Hospital Care? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Waiting times have been a central concern in the English NHS, where care is provided free at the point of delivery and is rationed by waiting time. Pro-market reforms introduced in the NHS in the 1990s were not accompanied by large drops in waiting times. As a result, the English government in 2000 adopted the use of an aggressive policy of targets coupled with the publication of waiting times data at the hospital level and strong sanctions for poor performing hospital managers. This regime has been dubbed `targets and terror'. We estimate the effect of the English target regime for waiting times for hospital care after 2001 by a comparative analysis with Scotland, a neighbouring country with the same healthcare system that did not adopt the target regime. We estimate difference-in-differences models of the proportion of people on the waiting list who waited over 6, 9 and 12 months. Comparisons between England and Scotland are sensitive to whether published or unpublished data are used but, regardless of the data source, the 'targets and terror' regime in England lowered the proportion of people waiting for elective treatment relative to Scotland.
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    Property and Republican Freedom: An Institutional Approach to Basic Income (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art11 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    Review of Harvey and Boyle (eds.), Basic Income Guarantees and the Right to Work (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art14 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    Review of Erik Olin Wright (ed.), Redesigning Distribution (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art17 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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    The Power of Business (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art1 
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    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The introduction to the special issue develops a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for assessing business power in global governance. It is shown that power is said to have shifted from the world of states to the world of business. However, in order to evaluate such a claim first a differentiation of power in its instrumental, structural, and discursive facets is necessary. It is furthermore explained that the strength of such a three-dimensional assessment is that it combines different levels of analysis and considers actor-specific and structural dimensions and their material and ideational sources. Following a short introduction to the more empirical articles is provided summarizing their commonalities and differences.
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    On the Effect of Risk Aversion in Two-Person, Two-State Finance Economies (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of theoretical economics 7.2008, 1, art47 
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    ISSN: 1555-0478
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The effect of replacing an agent in a two-person two-state finance economy by a more risk averse agent is studied. It is established under which conditions the other agent benefits or looses in equilibrium from dealing with a more risk averse agent. If one agent becomes more risk averse, then the equilibrium allocation moves towards that agent's certainty line. Whether or not that is beneficial for the other agent depends on the location of the endowment point.
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    Reforming Tax Incentives Into Uniform Refundable Tax Credits (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art8 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Each year the US federal individual income tax delivers over $500 billion worth of tax incentives intended to encourage socially beneficial activities. Currently the vast majority operate through deductions or exclusions, which link the size of the subsidy to the taxpayer's marginal tax bracket. This article argues that uniform refundable credits are a more efficient approach for tax incentives intended to correct for positive externalities, absent evidence that positive externalities exist or that externalities or elasticities associated with the subsidized activity vary by income class. Moreover, some type of refundable credit should almost always be the most efficient subsidy even if externalities or elasticities rise with income. Their efficiency benefits are further magnified by their tendency to automatically smooth household income and macroeconomic demand. This article thus proposes a dramatic change in how the government provides tax incentives for socially valued activities: the default for all such tax incentives should be a uniform refundable tax credit.
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    Anthroposophical Reflections on Basic Income (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art6 
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    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the 1930s Danish author and painter Johannes Hohlenberg (1881-1960) published several essays in defense of an unconditional income for all. These original writings, strongly influenced by Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophy, are not widely known. This article makes two of Hohlenberg's essays on this topic available in English translation for the first time. The first part of this article introduces Hohlenberg's ideas, followed in section two by English translations of the two Hohlenberg essays: Samfundsarven (The Heritage of Society) (1934) and Dersom nogen ikke vil arbejde, så skal han heller ikke have føden (He who Does not Work, Neither Shall He Eat) (1937).
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    Macroeconomic Activity and the Compensation of Health Care Workers (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art2 
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    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper identifies the responses of measures of health care workers' relative compensation to unexpected changes in several macroeconomic variables. The results provide time series information about the relative compensation of workers in the health care sector of the economy. The findings will be valuable to those engaged in economic loss analysis, business valuations and assessments, and related research that often requires industry-specific knowledge about business conditions, trends in cost factors, and the overall economic environment. Moreover, the results should be important to health care managers and administrators who must plan for labor market changes following macroeconomic events.
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    Recoverable Damages for Wrongful Death in the States: A Decennial View (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 3.2008, 1, art2 
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    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: State statutory law concerning recoverable damages for wrongful death is comprehensively surveyed and categorized, as in Schap and Valvo (1997). Various kinds of awards, limitations, and procedures are presented in tabular form. Suitable coding within the table highlights statutory changes since the previous published survey. The table should both facilitate comparative institutional analysis by researchers and provide an informational base for practitioners.
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    The Other Side of the Coin: Conceptualizing the Relationship between Business and the State in the Age of Globalisation (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The concluding article to the special issue critically reflects on arguments and analysis presented in the preceding articles. It argues that globalisation, new forms of private authority and the increased power of transnational business have not generally weakened the state, but rather advanced a business-oriented transformation of statehood. To understand this transformation the article first provides a very short overview of the state-globalisation debate. Subsequently, it deals more explicitly with the state theoretical debate. In particular, it brings together neo-Marxist and post-Weberian conceptualisations in order to address both the social nature of the state and the particular forms and processes by which it is interactively embedded in the economy and society. After an outline of the transformation of statehood and the strategic options for non-state actors, the article concludes with some critical remarks on the future of democratic politics.
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    Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Changes across Cohorts in Britain (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art9 
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    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to analyze intergenerational earnings mobility in Britain for cohorts of sons born between 1950 and 1972. Since there are no British surveys with information on both sons' and their fathers' earnings covering the above period, we consider two separate samples from the British Household Panel Survey. We combine information from the two samples using the two-sample two-stage least squares estimator described by Arellano and Meghir (1992). Our main result shows that intergenerational earnings mobility was stable for the cohorts born between 1950 and 1960 and decreased statistically significantly among more recent cohorts, those born during 1961-1972.
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    Children of the Post-Communist Transition: Age at the Time of the Parents' Job Loss and Dropping Out of Secondary School (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using data on children whose parents lost their jobs during the post-communist transition of Hungary, we address the causal effect of unexpected long-term unemployment of parents on their children's educational achievement. We estimate the effect of the children's age at the time of their parents' job loss on their probability of dropping out of secondary school (an event that follows the parents' job loss by many years). The treatment is an additional year reared in a family with regularly employed parents, which can be interpreted as additional human capital investment. We provide bounding estimates to the causal effect. The estimated bounds are tight, they show a substantial effect, and the effect is significantly stronger for preschool age children than for older ones.
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    Sequential Patterns of Drug Use Initiation - Can We Believe In the Gateway Theory? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The gateway, or stepping stone, hypothesis is important as it has had considerable influence on drug policy and legislation in many countries. The gateway hypothesis offers one possible explanation for young people's development of serious drug problems. It simply states that the use of one drug increases the risk of starting to consume another, possibly more harmful, drug later on and that the risk increases with frequency of use (dose-response). The empirical basis for the hypothesis is the common finding that most heavy drug users have started with less dangerous drugs first and that there seems to be a "staircase" from alcohol and solvents via cannabis and tablets to amphetamine, cocaine and heroin. The core question is whether the sequential initiation pattern of drug use is best explained by the gateway hypothesis or whether the phenomenon is better understood by employing the concepts of accessibility and/or transition proneness? Based on unique data from a representative sample of 21-30 year olds in Oslo we have examined the gateway effect of both legal (alcohol) and illegal drugs (cannabis) on subsequent use of cannabis and hard drugs (amphetamine and cocaine). We are the first to use multivariate probit models to examine the hypothesis. The models take into account unobservable individual-specific effects to reduce the possibility of a spurious effect of soft drug use on the onset of hard drug use. The gateway effects are greater when we do not take account of unobserved heterogeneity, but, although substantially reduced, they remain considerable when unobserved factors are accounted for.
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    Marital Sorting, Household Labor Supply, and Intergenerational Earnings Mobility across Countries (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 7.2008, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We present comparable evidence on intergenerational earnings mobility for Denmark, Finland, Norway, the UK and the US, with a focus on the role of gender and marital status. We confirm that earnings mobility in the Nordic countries is typically greater than in the US and in the UK, but find that, in contrast to all other groups, for married women mobility is approximately uniform across countries when estimates are based on women's own earnings. Defining offspring outcomes in terms of family earnings, on the other hand, leads to estimates of intergenerational mobility in the Nordic countries which exceed those for the US and the UK for both men and women, single and married. Unlike in the Nordic countries, we find that married women with children and with husbands from affluent backgrounds tend to exhibit reduced labor supply in the US and the UK. In these countries, it is the combination of assortative mating and labor supply responses which weakens the association between married women's own earnings and their parents' earnings.
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    Exporting Western Law to the Developing World: The Troubling Case of Niger (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years the West has dispatched ``rule doctors" across the developing world to guide poor countries through the process of legal modernization and westernization. Their goal, laid out by the so-called Washington Consensus, has been to reform those countries' legal systems so that they might share in the economic bounty of globalization. But things have not always gone well, particularly - this paper argues - where those rule doctors have ignored existing legal traditions.The paper focuses on the particular case of Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world. At present, most of Niger's citizens rely on magio-religious traditions to accomplish what we in the West would consider law. One important, and from a Western perspective colorful, Nigerien legal tradition is its citizens' reliance on an oracle called the gon to identify wrongdoers and restore harmony to their communities. The paper will describe the gon, and will point out some of the ways that it differs fundamentally from Western conceptions of law. It then will conclude that Washington Consensus law reform in Niger will fail, and will very likely cause social unrest, unless it takes a different tack and finds a way to accommodate existing legal traditions.
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