ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (727)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (727)
  • Springer  (727)
  • 1995-1999  (727)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1998  (727)
  • Philosophy  (449)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (303)
Collection
  • Articles  (727)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (727)
  • 1990-1994
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic Construction of Fitch-style Proofs (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 45-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Symlog is a system for learning symbolic logic by computer that allows students to interactively construct proofs in Fitch-style natural deduction. On request, Symlog can provide guidance and advice to help a student narrow the gap between goal theorem and premises. To effectively implement this capability, the program was equipped with a theorem prover that constructs proofs using the same methods and techniques the students are being taught. This paper discusses some of the aspects of the theorem prover's design, including its set of proof-construction strategies, its unification algorithm as well as some of the tradeoffs between efficiency and pedagogy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005087316935
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear Lambda-Terms and Natural Deduction (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 209-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005016206457
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elementary Extensions of External Classes in a Nonstandard Universe (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 253-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: nonstandard set theory ; inner subuniverses ; constructibility ; iterated elementary extensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In continuation of our study of HST, Hrbaček set theory (a nonstandard set theory which includes, in particular, the ZFC Replacement and Separation schemata in the st-∈-language, and Saturation for well-orderable families of internal sets), we consider the problem of existence of elementary extensions of inner "external" subclasses of the HST universe. We show that, given a standard cardinal κ, any set R ⊑ *κ generates an "internal" class S(R) of all sets standard relatively to elements of R, and an "external" class L[S(R)] of all sets constructible (in a sense close to the Gödel constructibility) from sets in S(R). We prove that under some mild saturation-like requirements for R the class L[S(R)] models a certain κ-version of HST including the principle of κ+-saturation; moreover, in this case L[S(R′)] is an elementary extension of L[S(R)] in the st-∈-language whenever sets R ⊑ R′ satisfy the requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005064032270
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation Theorems Without Continuum Hypothesis (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 343-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Horn sentence ; reduced product ; reduced power ; ultrapower ; and ultraproduct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Many results concerning the equivalence between a syntactic form of formulas and a model theoretic conditions are proven directly without using any form of a continuum hypothesis. In particular, it is demonstrated that any reduced product sentence is equivalent to a Horn sentence. Moreover, in any first order language without equality one now has that a reduced product sentence is equivalent to a Horn sentence and any sentence is equivalent to a Boolean combination of Horn sentences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005028511181
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizations of Negative Definability in Modal Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 357-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Modal logic ; definability ; irreflexivity rule ; characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Negative definability ([18]) is an alternative way of defining classes of Kripke frames via a modal language, one that enables us, for instance, to define the class of irreflexive frames. Besides a list of closure conditions for negatively definable classes, the paper contains two main theorems. First, a characterization is given of negatively definable classes of (rooted) finite transitive Kripke frames and of such classes defined using both traditional (positive) and negative definitions. Second, we characterize the negatively definable classes of rooted general frames.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005081328928
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Writing of the MV-algebras (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005069911813
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Books Received: Jürgen Mittelstrass, Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 441-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005041713907
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections Between BCK-algebras and Difference Posetse (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 421-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: BCK-algebra ; commutative BCK-algebra ; poset with difference ; D-poset ; MV-algebra ; quantum MV-algebra ; orthoalgebra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the interrelations between BCK-algebras and posets with difference. Applications are given to bounded commutative BCK-algebras, difference posets, MV-algebras, quantum MV-algebras and orthoalgebras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005089629837
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Commodious Axiomatization of Quantifiers in Multiple-Valued Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: many-valued logic ; infinitely-valued logic ; distribution quantifiers ; distributive lattices ; semantic tableaux ; sequent calculi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We provide tools for a concise axiomatization of a broad class of quantifiers in many-valued logic, so-called distribution quantifiers. Although sound and complete axiomatizations for such quantifiers exist, their size renders them virtually useless for practical purposes. We show that for quantifiers based on finite distributive lattices compact axiomatizations can be obtained schematically. This is achieved by providing a link between skolemized signed formulas and filters/ideals in Boolean set lattices. Then lattice theoretic tools such as Birkhoff's representation theorem for finite distributive lattices are used to derive tableau-style axiomatizations of distribution quantifiers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005086415447
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Some Kripke Complete and Kripke Incomplete Intermediate Predicate Logics (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The Kripke-completeness and incompleteness of some intermediate predicate logics is established. In particular, we obtain a Kripke-incomplete logic (H* +A+D+K) where H* is the intuitionistic predicate calculus, A is a disjunction-free propositional formula, D = ∀x(P(x) V Q) ⊃ ∀xP(x) V Q, K = ¬¬∀x(P(x) V ¬P(x)) (the negative answer to a question of T. Shimura).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005029515564
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note by the Guest Editors (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005065031956
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut-Elimination and a Permutation-Free Sequent Calculus for Intuitionistic Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Cut-elimination ; normalisation ; natural deduction ; intuitionistic logic ; recursive path ordering ; termination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We describe a sequent calculus, based on work of Herbelin, of which the cut-free derivations are in 1-1 correspondence with the normal natural deduction proofs of intuitionistic logic. We present a simple proof of Herbelin's strong cut-elimination theorem for the calculus, using the recursive path ordering theorem of Dershowitz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005099619660
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Logic of Acceptance and Rejection (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 233-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: autoepistemic logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The logic of acceptance and rejection (AEL2) is a nonmonotonic formalism to represent states of knowledge of an introspective agent making decisions about available information. Though having much in common, AEL2 differs from Moore's autoepistemic logic (AEL) by the fact that the agent not only can accept or reject a given fact, but he/she also has the possibility not to make any decision in case he/she does not have enough knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005009115432
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Many-Valued Logics and Suszko's Thesis Revisited (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Suszko's Thesis ; many-valued logics ; q-logics ; bivaluations ; universal logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Suszko's Thesis maintains that many-valued logics do not exist at all. In order to support it, R. Suszko offered a method for providing any structural abstract logic with a complete set of bivaluations. G. Malinowski challenged Suszko's Thesis by constructing a new class of logics (called q-logics by him) for which Suszko's method fails. He argued that the key for logical two-valuedness was the "bivalent" partition of the Lindenbaum bundle associated with all structural abstract logics, while his q-logics were generated by "trivalent" matrices. This paper will show that contrary to these intuitions, logical two-valuedness has more to do with the geometrical properties of the deduction relation of a logical structure than with the algebraic properties embedded on it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005020217249
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Deduction for Non-Classical Logics (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 119-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We present a framework for machine implementation of families of non-classical logics with Kripke-style semantics. We decompose a logic into two interacting parts, each a natural deduction system: a base logic of labelled formulae, and a theory of labels characterizing the properties of the Kripke models. By appropriate combinations we capture both partial and complete fragments of large families of non-classical logics such as modal, relevance, and intuitionistic logics. Our approach is modular and supports uniform proofs of soundness, completeness and proof normalization. We have implemented our work in the Isabelle Logical Framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005003904639
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classifying ℵo-Categorical Theories II: The Existence of Finitely Axiomatizable Proper Class II Theories (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 275-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: ℵo-categorical theories ; Boolean algebra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Clark and Krauss [1977] presents a classification of complete, satisfiable and ℵo-categorical theories in first order languages with finite non-logical vocabularies. In 1988 the first author modified this classification and raised three questions about the distribution of finitely axiomatizable theories. This paper answers two of those questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005016100411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Books Received (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 331-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017137302228
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saharon Shelah, Cardinal Arithmetic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005075222449
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Finitely-Valued Inference Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 149-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: finitely-valued inference systems ; cumulative inference systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract A proof-theoretical analysis of finite-valuedness in the domain of cumulative inference systems is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005090516356
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axiomatizations with Context Rules of Inference in Modal Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: modal logic ; inference rules ; axiomatizations ; completeness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract A certain type of inference rules in (multi-) modal logics, generalizing Gabbay's Irreflexivity rule, is introduced and some general completeness results about modal logics axiomatized with such rules are proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005021313747
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017169232402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algorithmic Proof Methods and Cut Elimination for Implicational Logics Part I: Modal Implication (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 237-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: goal-directed deduction methods ; cut-elimination ; labelled deductive systems ; modal logics ; strict implication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this work we develop goal-directed deduction methods for the implicational fragment of several modal logics. We give sound and complete procedures for strict implication of K, T, K4, S4, K5, K45, KB, KTB, S5, G and for some intuitionistic variants. In order to achieve a uniform and concise presentation, we first develop our methods in the framework of Labelled Deductive Systems [Gabbay 96]. The proof systems we present are strongly analytical and satisfy a basic property of cut admissibility. We then show that for most of the systems under consideration the labelling mechanism can be avoided by choosing an appropriate way of structuring theories. One peculiar feature of our proof systems is the use of restart rules which allow to re-ask the original goal of a deduction. In case of K, K4, S4 and G, we can eliminate such a rule, without loosing completeness. In all the other cases, by dropping such a rule, we get an intuitionistic variant of each system. The present results are part of a larger project of a goal directed proof theory for non-classical logics; the purpose of this project is to show that most implicational logics stem from slight variations of a unique deduction method, and from different ways of structuring theories. Moreover, the proof systems we present follow the logic programming style of deduction and seem promising for proof search [Gabbay and Reyle 84, Miller et al. 91].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005077431494
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curry-Howard Terms for Linear Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 223-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: linear logic ; Curry-Howard terms ; strong normalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we 1. provide a natural deduction system for full first-order linear logic, 2. introduce Curry-Howard-style terms for this version of linear logic, 3. extend the notion of substitution of Curry-Howard terms for term variables, 4. define the reduction rules for the Curry-Howard terms and 5. outline a proof of the strong normalization for the full system of linear logic using a development of Girard's candidates for reducibility, thereby providing an alternative to Girard's proof using proof-nets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005025414656
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomorphism and Equational Equivalence of Continuous λ-Models (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 403-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We will present several results on two types of continuous models of λ-calculus, namely graph models and extensional models. By introducing a variant of Engeler's model construction, we are able to generalize the results of [7] and to give invariants that determine a large family of graph models up to applicative isomorphism. This covers all graph models considered in the litterature so far. We indicate briefly how these invariants may be modified in order to determine extensional models as well. Furthermore, we use our construction to exhibit $$2^{N_0 } $$ graph models that are not equationally equivalent. We indicate once again how the construction passes on to extensional models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005018121791
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems of Equivalence, Categoricity of Axioms and States Description in Databases (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 347-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Algebraic logic ; equivalence of data bases ; description of states of data bases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The paper is devoted to applications of algebraic logic to databases. In databases a query is represented by a formula of first order logic. The same query can be associated with different formulas. Thus, a query is a class of equivalent formulae: equivalence here being similar to that in the transition to the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra. An algebra of queries is identified with the corresponding algebra of logic. An algebra of replies to the queries is also associated with algebraic logic. These relations lie at the core of the applications. In this paper it is shown how the theory of Halmos (polyadic) algebras (a notion introduced by Halmos as a tool in the algebraization of the first order predicate calculus) is used to create the algebraic model of a relational data base. The model allows us, in particular, to solve the problem of databases equivalence as well as develop a formal algebraic definition of a database's state description. In this paper we use the term "state description" for the logical description of the model. This description is based on the notion of filters in Halmos algebras. When speaking of a state description, we mean the description of a function which realizes the symbols of relations as real relations in the given system of data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005066020883
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpolation and Amalgamation; Pushing the Limits. Part I (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 311-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: algebraic logic ; general theory of logics ; algebraizable logics ; Craig interpolation property ; amalgamation property ; superamalgamation property ; modal logics ; multimodal logics ; Boolean algebras with operators ; discriminator varieties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Continuing work initiated by Jónsson, Daigneault, Pigozzi and others; Maksimova proved that a normal modal logic (with a single unary modality) has the Craig interpolation property iff the corresponding class of algebras has the superamalgamation property (cf. [Mak 91], [Mak 79]). The aim of this paper is to extend the latter result to a large class of logics. We will prove that the characterization can be extended to all algebraizable logics containing Boolean fragment and having a certain kind of local deduction property. We also extend this characterization of the interpolation property to arbitrary logics under the condition that their algebraic counterparts are discriminator varieties. We also extend Maksimova's result to normal multi-modal logics with arbitrarily many, not necessarily unary modalities, and to not necessarily normal multi-modal logics with modalities of ranks smaller than 2, too. The problem of extending the above characterization result to no n-normal non-unary modal logics remains open. Related issues of universal algebra and of algebraic logic are discussed, too. In particular we investigate the possibility of extending the characterization of interpolability to arbitrary algebraizable logics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005064504044
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated Natural Deduction in Thinker (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 3-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005035316026
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal Natural Deduction Proofs (in classical logic) (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 67-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Natural deduction (for short: nd-) calculi have not been used systematically as a basis for automated theorem proving in classical logic. To remove objective obstacles to their use we describe (1) a method that allows to give semantic proofs of normal form theorems for nd-calculi and (2) a framework that allows to search directly for normal nd-proofs. Thus, one can try to answer the question: How do we bridge the gap between claims and assumptions in heuristically motivated ways? This informal question motivates the formulation of intercalation calculi. Ic-calculi are the technical underpinnings for (1) and (2), and our paper focuses on their detailed presentation and meta-mathematical investigation in the case of classical predicate logic. As a central theme emerges the connection between restricted forms of nd-proofs and (strategies for) proof search: normal forms are not obtained by removing local "detours", but rather by constructing proofs that directly reflect proof-strategic considerations. That theme warrants further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005091418752
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Program Constructions that are Safe for Bisimulation (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 311-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract It has been known since the seventies that the formulas of modal logic are invariant for bisimulations between possible worlds models — while conversely, all bisimulation-invariant first-order formulas are modally definable. In this paper, we extend this semantic style of analysis from modal formulas to dynamic program operations. We show that the usual regular operations are safe for bisimulation, in the sense that the transition relations of their values respect any given bisimulation for their arguments. Our main result is a complete syntactic characterization of all first-order definable program operations that are safe for bisimulation. This is a semantic functional completeness result for programming, which may be contrasted with the more usual analysis in terms of computational power. The 'Safety Theorem' can be modulated in several ways. We conclude with a list of variants, extensions, and further developments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005072201319
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modal Deduction in Second-Order Logic and Set Theory - II (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 387-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Modal Logic ; Modal Deduction ; Translation Methods ; Second-Order Logic ; Set Theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we generalize the set-theoretic translation method for poly-modal logic introduced in [11] to extended modal logics. Instead of devising an ad-hoc translation for each logic, we develop a general framework within which a number of extended modal logics can be dealt with. We first extend the basic set-theoretic translation method to weak monadic second-order logic through a suitable change in the underlying set theory that connects up in interesting ways with constructibility; then, we show how to tailor such a translation to work with specific cases of extended modal logics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005037512998
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finitely Generated Free MV-algebras and Their Automorphism Groups (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: free MV-algebras ; subvarieties of MV-algebras ; McNaughton functions ; groups of piecewise-linear functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The MV-algebra S m w is obtained from the (m+1)-valued Łukasiewicz chain by adding infinitesimals, in the same way as Chang's algebra is obtained from the two-valued chain. These algebras were introduced by Komori in his study of varieties of MV-algebras. In this paper we describe the finitely generated totally ordered algebras in the variety MV m w generated by S m w . This yields an easy description of the free MV m w -algebras over one generator. We characterize the automorphism groups of the free MV-algebras over finitely many generators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005030314538
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labeled Calculi and Finite-Valued Logics (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 7-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: finite-valued logic ; labeled calculus ; signed formula ; sets-as-signs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract A general class of labeled sequent calculi is investigated, and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for when such a calculus is sound and complete for a finite-valued logic if the labels are interpreted as sets of truth values (sets-as-signs). Furthermore, it is shown that any finite-valued logic can be given an axiomatization by such a labeled calculus using arbitrary "systems of signs," i.e., of sets of truth values, as labels. The number of labels needed is logarithmic in the number of truth values, and it is shown that this bound is tight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005022012721
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasivarieties Generated by Simple MV-algebras (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 79-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: MV-algebras ; quasivarieties ; simple MV-algebras ; integral matrices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we show that the quasivariety generated by an infinite simple MV-algebra only depends on the rationals which it contains. We extend this property to arbitrary families of simple MV-algebras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005034431377
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GL-Quantales: Q-Valued Sets and Their Singletons (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 123-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Non-commutative and non-idempotent logics ; GL-monoids ; GL-quantales ; Gelfand quantales ; Q-valued vets ; singleton monad
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Q-valued sets are non-classical models of the formalized theory of identity with existence predicate based on the axioms of a non-commutative and non-idempotent logic. The singleton monad on the category of Q-valued sets is constructed, and elementary properties of T-algebras of the singleton monad are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005038532285
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varieties of Monadic Heyting Algebras. Part I (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 367-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: intuitionistic modal logic ; monadic Heyting algebras ; relatively complete sub-algebras ; monadic filters ; monadic ideals ; splittings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the varieties of monadic Heyting algebras, algebraic models of intuitionistic modal logic MIPC. We investigate semisimple, locally finite, finitely approximated and splitting varieties of monadic Heyting algebras as well as varieties with the disjunction and the existence properties. The investigation of monadic Heyting algebras clarifies the correspondence between intuitionistic modal logics over MIPC and superintuitionistic predicate logics and provides us with the solutions of several problems raised by Ono [35].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005073905902
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Inexactness to Certainty: The Change in Hume's Conception of Geometry (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Hume ; philosophy of geometry ; infinite divisibility ofextension ; philosophy of space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Although Hume's analysis of geometry continues to serve as a reference point for many contemporary discussions in the philosophy of science, the fact that the first Enquiry presents a radical revision of Hume's conception of geometry in the Treatise has never been explained. The present essay closely examines Hume's early and late discussions of geometry and proposes a reconstruction of the reasons behind the change in his views on the subject. Hume's early conception of geometry as an inexact non-demonstrative science is argued to be a consequence of his attempt to discredit geometrical proofs of infinite divisibility of extension by anchoring the meaning of geometrical concepts in inherently inexact qualitative measurement procedures. This measurement-based attack on the exactness and certainty of geometry is analyzed and shown to be both self-refuting and inconsistent with the general epistemological framework of the Treatise. The revised conception of geometry as a demonstrative science in the first Enquiry is then interpreted as Hume's response to the failure of his earlier attempt to discredit geometrical proofs of infinite divisibility of extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008248416334
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brandes, Jürgen: Die relativistischen Paradoxien und Thesen zu Raum und Zeit. Interpretationen der speziellen und allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. 2. erw. Auflage. (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 136-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008286517155
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can the World Help Us in Fixing the Reference of Natural Kind Terms? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Putnam ; natural kind terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract According to Putnam the reference of natural kind terms is fixed by the world, at least partly; whether two things belong to the same kind depends on whether they obey the same objective laws. We show that Putnam's criterion of substance identity only “works” if we read “objective laws” as “OBJECTIVE LAWS”. Moreover, at least some of the laws of some of the special sciences have to be included. But what we consider to be good special sciences and what not depends upon our values. Hence, “objective laws” cannot be read as “OBJECTIVE LAWS”. It follows that the reference of natural kind terms cannot be fixed by the world, not even partly. The final conclusion applies to a variety of realisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008201511451
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bibliography. Zeitschriftenschau (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 361-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008378016317
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretische Lücken der Cognitive Science (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 37-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: interdisciplinary ; extension/intension ; complexity ; subsymbolic representation ; structure of time ; three-digit relation of cognition ; postulate of relation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical gaps of the cognitive science. First of all the gap-thesis is based on a criticism 1. of the computer-orientated cognitive science (it confuses information with the information carrier), 2. of connectivism (its linguistic borrowing from the neurobiology is not appropriate), 3. of Varelas production model (the elimination of the function of representation results in the loss of the cognitive ability). From the context of meaning and time, then the author sketches a cognitive theoretical approach, in which thinking as a (symbolic and/or subsymbolic) representation of meaning is introduced, which develops in a three-digit relation between world, language and substrate on the basis of isomorphy of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008223406180
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das prädiskursive Einverständnis. Wissenschaftlicher Wahrheitsbegriff und prozedurale Rechtfertigung (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 205-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: constructive philosophy of science ; discourse theory of truth ; foundation of discourse rules ; prototheories ; starting point of foundations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The pre-discoursive agreement. Theory of scientific truth and procedural justification. — On basis of the constructive philosophy of science, the attention is focussed to the pre-discoursive elements of discoursive theories of truth. By using a pragmatic approach it is shown that foundation of those pre-discoursive elements, like discourse rules or the basic terminology, is possible though the discourse rules are not available at this level. Propositions which can be shown in the presented theory to be true, always describe a know-how instead of a knowledge about the world. As a result, the relevance of the presented analysis for prototheories of scientific disciplines is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008275423019
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Draft for Unifying Controversies in Philosophy of Science (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 225-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: cumulativism ; deduction and induction ; empiricism andrationalism ; fallibilism and fundamentalism ; irrationalism ; instrumentalist and realist views of scientific theories ; metaphysics ; method ; methodological maxims (strategems)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The basic (negative and positive) methodological maxims of three currents of philosophy of science (logical empiricism, falsificationism, and postpositivism) are formulated. Many of these maxims (stratagems) are controversial, e.g., the stance about the nonsense of metaphysics, and that of its indispensability. The restricted validity of these maxims allows for their unification. Within the framework of most of them there may be a relationship of (synchronic, or diachronic) subordination of the contradicting desiderata. In this vein ten stratagems are formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008235508964
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Franz von Kutschera: “Parmenides” (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 352-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008231607997
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovering Explanations (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 7-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008287513780
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning Causes: Psychological Explanations of Causal Explanation1 (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 39-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: cause ; causation ; directed graphs ; explanation ; judgment ; under certainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract I argue that psychologists interested in human causal judgment should understand and adopt a representation of causal mechanisms by directed graphs that encode conditional independence (screening off) relations. I illustrate the benefits of that representation, now widely used in computer science and increasingly in statistics, by (i) showing that a dispute in psychology between ‘mechanist’ and ‘associationist’ psychological theories of causation rests on a false and confused dichotomy; (ii) showing that a recent, much-cited experiment, purporting to show that human subjects, incorrectly let large causes ‘overshadow’ small causes, misrepresents the most likely, and warranted, causal explanation available to the subjects, in the light of which their responses were normative; (iii) showing how a recent psychological theory (due to P. Cheng) of human judgment of causal power can be considerably generalized: and (iv) suggesting a range of possible experiments comparing human and computer abilities to extract causal information from associations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008234330618
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Shadows and Shallows of Explanation (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 137-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: explanation ; theories ; concepts ; division of cognitive labor ; cognitive development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We introduce two notions–the shadows and the shallows of explanation–in opening up explanation to broader, interdisciplinary investigation. The “shadows of explanation” refer to past philosophical efforts to provide either a conceptual analysis of explanation or in some other way to pinpoint the essence of explanation. The “shallows of explanation” refer to the phenomenon of having surprisingly limited everyday, individual cognitive abilities when it comes to explanation. Explanations are ubiquitous, but they typically are not accompanied by the depth that we might, prima facie, expect. We explain the existence of the shadows and shallows of explanation in terms of there being a theoretical abyss between explanation and richer, theoretical structures that are often attributed to people. We offer an account of the shallows, in particular, both in terms of shorn-down, internal, mental machinery, and in terms of an enriched, public symbolic environment, relative to the currently dominant ways of thinking about cognition and the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008259020140
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Gödel's Theorem Supports the Possibility of Machine Intelligence (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: human nonalgorithmicity ; Gödel's Theorem ; randomized computation ; randomness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Gödel's Theorem is often used in arguments against machine intelligence, suggesting humans are not bound by the rules of any formal system. However, Gödelian arguments can be used to support AI, provided we extend our notion of computation to include devices incorporating random number generators. A complete description scheme can be given for integer functions, by which nonalgorithmic functions are shown to be partly random. Not being restricted to algorithms can be accounted for by the availability of an arbitrary random function. Humans, then, might not be rule-bound, but Gödelian arguments also suggest how the relevant sort of nonalgorithmicity may be trivially made available to machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008233720449
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositionality and the Modelling of Complex Concepts (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 479-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: concepts ; complex concepts ; situation theory ; compositionality ; systematicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The nature of complex concepts has important implications for the computational modelling of the mind, as well as for the cognitive science of concepts. This paper outlines the way in which RVC – a Relational View of Concepts – accommodates a range of complex concepts, cases which have been argued to be non-compositional. RVC attempts to integrate a number of psychological, linguistic and psycholinguistic considerations with the situation-theoretic view that information-carrying relations hold only relative to background situations. The central tenet of RVC is that the content of concepts varies systematically with perspective. The analysis of complex concepts indicates that compositionality too should be considered to be sensitive to perspective. Such a view accords with concepts and mental states being situated and the implications for theories of concepts and for computational models of the mind are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008310427321
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theories of Diagrammatic Reasoning: Distinguishing Component Problems (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 533-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Diagrammatic reasoning ; theory of diagrams ; diagrammatic representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Theories of diagrams and diagrammatic reasoning typically seek to account for either the formal semantics of diagrams, or for the advantages which diagrammatic representations hold for the reasoner over other forms of representation. Regrettably, almost no theory exists which accounts for both of these issues together, nor how they affect one another. We do not attempt to provide such an account here. We do, however, seek to lay out larger context than is generally used for examining the processes of using diagrams in reasoning or communication. A context in which detailed studies of sub-problems, such as the formal semantics or cognitive impact of specific diagrammatic systems, may be embedded. Accounts of the embedding of sentential logics in the computational processes of reasoners and communicators are relatively well developed from several decades of research in AI. Analogies between the sentential and the graphical cases are quite revealing about both similarities and differences. To provide a structure for the 'grand context' of diagrammatic representation and reasoning, and to clarify the relations between its component problems, we examine carefully these analogies and the decomposition they provide of subproblems for analysing diagrammatic reasoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008314528229
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explanation as Orgasm* (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: cognitive development ; explanation ; phenomenology ; science ; theories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract I argue that explanation should be thought of as the phenomenological mark of the operation of a particular kind of cognitive system, the theory-formation system. The theory-formation system operates most clearly in children and scientists but is also part of our everyday cognition. The system is devoted to uncovering the underlying causal structure of the world. Since this process often involves active intervention in the world, in the case of systematic experiment in scientists, and play in children, the cognitive system is accompanied by a ‘theory drive’, a motivational system that impels us to interpret new evidence in terms of existing theories and change our theories in the light of new evidence. What we usually think of as explanation is the phenomenological state that accompanies the satisfaction of this drive. However, the relation between the phenomenology and the cognitive system is contingent, as in similar cases of sexual and visual phenomenology. Distinctive explanatory phenomenology may also help us to identify when the theory-formation system is operating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008290415597
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explanation in Scientists and Children (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 119-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: explanation ; models ; theories ; children's explanations ; philosophy ofscience
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we provide a psychological account of the nature and development of explanation. We propose that an explanation is an account that provides a conceptual framework for a phenomenon that leads to a feeling of understanding in the reader/hearer. The explanatory conceptual framework goes beyond the original phenomenon, integrates diverse aspects of the world, and shows how the original phenomenon follows from the framework. We propose that explanations in everyday life are judged on the criteria of empirical accuracy, scope, consistency, simplicity, and plausibility. We conclude that explanations in science are evaluated by the same criteria, plus those of precision, formalisms, and fruitfulness. We discuss several types of explanation that are used in everyday life – causal/mechanical, functional, and intentional. We present evidence to show that young children produce explanations (often with different content from those of adults) that have the same essential form as those used by adults. We also provide evidence that children use the same evaluation criteria as adults, but may not apply those additional criteria for the evaluation of explanations that are used by scientists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008242619231
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Truly Total Turing Test* (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; behavioral criteria ; other minds problem ; Turing Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The paper examines the nature of the behavioral evidence underlying attributions of intelligence in the case of human beings, and how this might be extended to other kinds of cognitive system, in the spirit of the original Turing Test (TT). I consider Harnad's Total Turing Test (TTT), which involves successful performance of both linguistic and robotic behavior, and which is often thought to incorporate the very same range of empirical data that is available in the human case. However, I argue that the TTT is still too weak, because it only tests the capabilities of particular tokens within a preexisting context of intelligent behavior. What is needed is a test of the cognitive type, as manifested through a number of exemplary tokens, in order to confirm that the cognitive type is able to produce the context of intelligent behavior presupposed by tests such as the TT and TTT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008229619541
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indeterminancy in Recent Theories of Content (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 181-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: analytic/synthetic distinction; asymmetric dependence; content; disjunction problem; Dretske; Fodor; indeterminacy; indication; intentionality; meaning; representation; semantics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Jerry Fodor has charged that Fred Dretske's account of content suffers from indeterminacy to the extent that we should reject it in favor of Fodor‘s own account. In this paper, we ask what the problem of indeterminacy really is; we distinguish a relatively minor problem we call ‘looseness of fit’ from a major problem of failing to show how to point to what is not there. We sketch Dretske's account of content and how it is supposed to solve the major problem. After presenting Fodor's challenge as the claim that Dretske has failed to solve the major problem, we articulate a response available to Dretske. Although we do not think the response is ultimately successful, we argue that it is every bit as good as the response Fodor has offered to a similar challenge, in his so-called ‘mixed theory.’ The upshot is this: despite advertisements to the contrary, Fodor's theory, in its mixed version, offers no real advantages over Dretske's regarding the serious problem of indeterminacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008243329833
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Logic and Artificial Intelligence: Divorced, Still Married, Separated ...? (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 273-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Though it's difficult to agree on the exact date of their union, logic and artificial intelligence (AI) were married by the late 1950s, and, at least during their honeymoon, were happily united. What connubial permutation do logic and AI find themselves in now? Are they still (happily) married? Are they divorced? Or are they only separated, both still keeping alive the promise of a future in which the old magic is rekindled? This paper is an attempt to answer these questions via a review of six books. Encapsulated, our answer is that (i) logic and AI, despite tabloidish reports to the contrary, still enjoy matrimonial bliss, and (ii) only their future robotic offspring (as opposed to the children of connectionist AI) will mark real progress in the attempt to understand cognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008250617134
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Heart of Dennett's Philosophy: Reply to Elton (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008267520065
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bark Worse Than Bite: Response to Eric Weiss (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008247611598
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Frame Problem: An AI Fairy Tale (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 317-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; frame problem ; causal induction ; machine learning ; logicism ; Bayesian learning ; MML
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract I analyze the frame problem and its relation to other epistemological problems for artificial intelligence, such as the problem of induction, the qualification problem and the "general" AI problem. I dispute the claim that extensions to logic (default logic and circumscriptive logic) will ever offer a viable way out of the problem. In the discussion it will become clear that the original frame problem is really a fairy tale: as originally presented, and as tools for its solution are circumscribed by Pat Hayes, the problem is entertaining, but incapable of resolution. The solution to the frame problem becomes available, and even apparent, when we remove artificial restrictions on its treatment and understand the interrelation between the frame problem and the many other problems for artificial epistemology. I present the solution to the frame problem: an adequate theory and method for the machine induction of causal structure. Whereas this solution is clearly satisfactory in principle, and in practice real progress has been made in recent years in its application, its ultimate implementation is in prospect only for future generations of AI researchers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008286921835
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to Raymond Gibbs (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 437-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008335830680
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognitive Science Meets Metaphor and Metaphysics (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 433-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008377731589
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guest Editor's Introduction (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008329810482
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encoding Modal Logics in Logical Frameworks (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 60 (1998), S. 161-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: Hilbert and Natural-Deduction proof systems for Modal Logics ; Logical Frameworks ; Typed λ-calculus ; Proof Assistants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We present and discuss various formalizations of Modal Logics in Logical Frameworks based on Type Theories. We consider both Hilbert- and Natural Deduction-style proof systems for representing both truth (local) and validity (global) consequence relations for various Modal Logics. We introduce several techniques for encoding the structural peculiarities of necessitation rules, in the typed λ-calculus metalanguage of the Logical Frameworks. These formalizations yield readily proof-editors for Modal Logics when implemented in Proof Development Environments, such as Coq or LEGO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005060022386
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foreword (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005066727742
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Elementary Presentation of the Equivalence Between MV-algebras and l-groups With Strong Unit (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: MV-algebras ; lattice-ordered abelian groups ; Γ functor ; Chang's group ; good sequences ; natural equivalence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Aim of this paper is to provide a self-contained presentation of the natural equivalence Γ between MV-algebras and lattice-ordered abelian groups with strong unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005078213630
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embedding Logics into Product Logic (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: fuzzy logic ; Łukasiewicz logic ; Gödel logic ; product logic ; computational complexity ; arithmetical hierarchy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We construct a faithful interpretation of Łukasiewicz's logic in product logic (both propositional and predicate). Using known facts it follows that the product predicate logic is not recursively axiomatizable. We prove a completeness theorem for product logic extended by a unary connective δ of Baaz [1]. We show that Gödel's logic is a sublogic of this extended product logic. We also prove NP-completeness of the set of propositional formulas satisfiable in product logic (resp. in Gödel's logic).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005026229560
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Very Strong Set Theory? (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: set theory ; consistency ; axioms ; comprehension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Using two distinct membership symbols makes possible to base set theory on one general axiom schema of comprehension. Is the resulting system consistent? Can set theory and mathematics be based on a single axiom schema of comprehension?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005048329677
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Proof Terms and Embeddings of Classical Substructural Logics (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 199-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract There is an intimate connection between proofs of the natural deduction systems and typed lambda calculus. It is well-known that in simply typed lambda calculus, the notion of formulae-as-types makes it possible to find fine structure of the implicational fragment of intuitionistic logic, i.e., relevant logic, BCK-logic and linear logic. In this paper, we investigate three classical substructural logics (GL, GLc, GLw) of Gentzen's sequent calculus consisting of implication and negation, which contain some of the right structural rules. In terms of Parigot's λμ-calculus with proper restrictions, we introduce a proof term assignment to these classical substructural logics. According to these notions, we can classify the λμ-terms into four categories. It is proved that well-typed GLx-λμ-terms correspond to GLx proofs, and that a GLx-λμ-term has a principal type if stratified where x is nil, c, w or cw. Moreover, we investigate embeddings of classical substructural logics into the corresponding intuitionistic substructural logics. It is proved that the Gödel-style translations of GLx-λμ-terms are embeddings preserving substructural logics. As by-products, it is obtained that an inhabitation problem is decidable and well-typed GLx-λμ-terms are strongly normalizable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005073330585
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 429-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017127513131
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Sets and Natural Numbers in Intuitionistic TT Without Extensionality (1998)
    Springer
    Studia logica 61 (1998), S. 417-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Keywords: intuitionistic set theory ; Russell's Simple Theory of Types ; arithmetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we prove that Heyting's arithmetic can be interpreted in an intuitionistic version of Russell's Simple Theory of Types without extensionality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005022208588
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Szabó, Árpád: Die Entfaltung der griechischen Mathematik (= Lehrbücher und Monographien zur Didaktik der Mathematik Bd. 26) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008202924906
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bibliography Zeitschriftenschau (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 147-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008244101748
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nikos Psarros, Klaus Ruthenberg, Joachim Schummer (Hrsg.), Philosophie der Chemie. Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008200319342
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement; Boston Colloquium for Philosophy of Science Thirty–Eight Annual Program 1997–1998 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017104618594
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie, hg. von Jürgen Mittelstraß (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 356-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008283308055
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary Philosophy of Science in Italy: An Overview (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 327-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: neopositivism ; induction ; incommensurability ; historyand historiography of science ; dialectics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The paper analyses the development of some themes in the contemporary philosophy of science in Italy. Section 1 reviews the dabate on the legacy of neopositivism. The spread of the philosophy of Popper is outlined in Section 2, with particular regard to the problem of the vindication of induction. Section 3 deals with the debate on the incommensurability thesis, while Section 4 examines its consequences on the possible relationships between historical and epistemological studies of science. The last section is devoted to one of the most recent trends in the Italian philosophy of science: the resumption of Aristotelian dialectics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008227523927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theorienreduktion in den Sozialwissenschaften. Eine Fallstudie am Beispiel der Balancetheorien (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 301-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: balance theories ; intertheoretical relations ; reduction ; social sciences ; structuralist reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Theory Reduction in the Social Sciences. The example of balance theories. A central topic both in philosophy of science as well as in the empirical sciences is the reconstruction of the relations between theories. In the past comparisons of theories by means of traditional linguistic methods have proved to be extremely difficult and complicated. In this article the reconstruction of intertheoretical relations based on model-theoretical terms is propagated, as formulated within the structuralist view of theories. The efficiency of a model theoretical based comparison of theories is demonstrated by two theory elements from the social science research program of balance theories: The basic element by Heider and the transitivity theory by Holland and Leinhardt. First of all both theory elements are introduced informally and reconstructed in the structuralist format. On the basis of these reconstructions can be shown, that the Heider theory can be formally reduced to the Holland-Leinhardt theory and that the theory younger in history means an improvement. However, an integration of all balance theoretical elements into a theory net is not possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008278000826
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Philosophies of Science in North America — Twenty Years Later (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 71-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: science ; philosophy of science ; methodology ; realism ; naturalism ; empiricism ; cognitive science ; feminism ; experiment ; scientific practice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This survey of major developments in North American philosophy of science begins with the mid-1960s consolidation of the disciplinary synthesis of internalist history and philosophy of science (HPS) as a response to criticisms of logical empiricism. These developments are grouped for discussion under the following headings: historical metamethodologies, scientific realisms, philosophies of the special sciences, revivals of empiricism, cognitivist naturalisms, social epistemologies, feminist theories of science, studies of experiment and the disunity of science, and studies of science as practice and culture. A unifying theme of the survey is the relation between historical metamethodologists and scientific realists, which dominated philosophical work in the late 1970s. I argue that many of the alternative cognitive naturalisms, social epistemologies, and feminist theories that have been proposed can be understood as analogues to the differences between metamethodological theories of scientific rationality and realist accounts of successful reference to real causal processes. Recent work on experiment, scientific practice, and the culture of science may, however, challenge the underlying conception of the field according to which realism and historical rationalism (or their descendants) are the important alternatives available, and thus may take philosophy of science in new directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008259514953
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium “Analytical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science Today”, 23.–24. Juli 1995 in Peking, VR China (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Analytical philosophy ; hermeneutics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Report on a symposium “Analytical Philosophy of Science today”, July 23–24, 1995, in Beijing. The symposium demonstrates the actual interest and familiarity of Chinese researchers with Western philosophy of science and especially with analytical philosophizing. Main topics were diagnoses of the actual state of the art, discussion and critique of some classics and classical analytical conceptions, application of analytical thinking on hermeneutical problems, and its possible social function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008267313135
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gunnar Andersson, Criticism and the History of Science. Kuhn's, Lakatos's and Feyerabend's Criticisms of Critical Rationalism, (Philosophy of History and Culture, Vol. 13.) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 133-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008246104534
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bericht Über das Symposium ,,Der Konflikt der Lebensformen in Wittgensteins Philosophie der Sprache“ vom 22. bis 25. November 1995 in Passau (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: forms of life ; language-games ; Garver-Haller-controversy ; holism ; understanding of other cultures.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Report on the symposium “The Conflict of Forms of Life in Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language”, November 22–25, 1995, Passau, Germany. The main issues were the conflicts between different forms of human life and how Wittgenstein's later philosophy contributes to the problem of understanding of other cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008227616769
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement; The Thirty–Eight Annual Lecture Series 1997–1998, Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017199324741
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einen methodisch geordneten Aufbau der speziellen Relativitätstheorie (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 21-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Spezielle Relativitätstheorie ; Prinzip der methodischen Ordnung ; Protophysik ; Konstruktive Geometrie ; Chronometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract About a methodically ordered reconstruction of the theory of special relativity. One of the main results of the theory of special relativity is that our basic concepts concerning space and time must be revised, because there is new experimental evidence. But on the other hand it was meant to move in a circular procedure, if the usual methods of measuring distances and temporal durations are refused on the ground of experimental results that are based on even these measuring methods. Thus a reconstruction of the theory of special relativity was demanded. It consists of a finite number of steps and basicly one may presuppose that each step may at best include the results of undertaken steps. This reconstruction will be discussed in this article. It begins with the socalled proto-physics (Protophysik) that reflects the production of measuring rods and clocks without recurring on the existence of other clocks or measuring rods. Then Newtonian mechanics, electrodynamics, the refinement of classical mechanics, the formalism of transforming according to the Lorentz Group and the construction of moved systems of reference are brought into a methodically correct order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008260122110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kognitive Mobilität. Eine makroskopische Untersuchung der Wanderung von Wissenschaftlern zwischen Forschungsgebieten am Beispiel der Mathematik (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 265-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: mathematics ; mathematician ; scientific migration ; scientific mobility ; scientific affinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Cognitive Mobility, a Macroscopic Investigation of Migration of Scientists between Research Fields Studied by Example of Mathematics. — In history of science, scientific migrations of famous scientists are well-known. Nothing is known, however, about the total of migrations between fields of science, despite the importance of scientific mobility for information transfer and exchange. In the present investigation all migrations between the major 39 subdisciplines of mathematics from 1959 through 1975 are studied in a macroscopic manner. The quantitative importance of migration for the development of mathematical fields is assessed. In an analysis of the relationship between the affinity of fields and mobility between them a „principle of least migration distance” is established. Furthermore, some aspects of a Markov-chain treatment of scientific mobility are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008204012777
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are there True Contradictions? A Critical Discussion of Graham Priest's, Beyond the limits of thought (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: dialetheism ; paraconsistent logic ; paradox ; infinity ; quantification ; domain principle ; Priest ; Hegel ; Cantor ; Cartwright
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The present article critically examines three aspects of Graham Priest's dialetheic analysis of very important kinds of limitations (the limit of what can be expressed, described, conceived, known, or the limit of some operation or other). First, it is shown that Priest's considerations focusing on Hegel's account of the infinite cannot be sustained, mainly because Priest seems to rely on a too restrictive notion of object. Second, we discuss Priest's treatment of the paradoxes in Cantorian set-theory. It is shown that Priest does not address the issue in full generality; rather, he relies on a reading of Cantor which implicitly attributes a very strong principle concerning quantification over arbitrary domains to Cantor. Third, the main piece of Priest's work, the so-called “inclosure schema”, is investigated. This schema is supposed to formalize the core of many well-known paradoxes. We claim, however, that formally the schema is not sound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008230118573
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to Glymour and Thayse (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008215627632
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to Bringsjord and Ferrucci (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 311-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008247328541
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dennett Explained?: A Critical Study of Dahlbom's Dennett and His Critics (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 395-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008278705952
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information Modeling Aspects of Software Development (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 375-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: information modeling ; programming languages ; software engineering ; data abstraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The distinction between the modeling of information and the modeling of data in the creation of automated systems has historically been important because the development tools available to programmers have been wedded to machine oriented data types and processes. However, advances in software engineering, particularly the move toward data abstraction in software design, allow activities reasonably described as information modeling to be performed in the software creation process. An examination of the evolution of programming languages and development of general programming paradigms, including object-oriented design and implementation, suggests that while data modeling will necessarily continue to be a programmer's concern, more and more of the programming process itself is coming to be characterized by information modeling activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008245504089
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paul N. Edwards, The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America, Inside Technology Series, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996, xx + 440 pp., $40.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-262-05051-X. (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008299615232
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philosophy of Metaphor: Science or Poetry? (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008325614750
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instructions for authors (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 587-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017125626545
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Default Reasoning as Situated Monotonic Inference* (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 509-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: default reasoning ; situation semantics ; channel theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Since its inception, situation theory has been concerned with the situated nature of meaning and cognition, a theme which has also recently gained some prominence in Artificial Intelligence. Channel theory is a recently developed framework which builds on concepts introduced in situation theory, in an attempt to provide a general theory of information flow. In particular, the channel theoretic framework offers an account of fallible regularities, regularities which provide enough structure to an agent's environment to support efficient cognitive processing but which are limited in their reliability to specific circumstances. This paper describes how this framework can lead to a different perspective on defeasible reasoning: rather than being seen as reasoning with incomplete information, an agent makes use of a situated regularity, choosing to use the regularity that seems best suited (trading off reliability and simplicity) to the circumstances it happens to find itself in. We present a formal model for this task, based on the channel theoretic framework, and sketch how the model may be used as the basis for a methodology of defeasible situated reasoning, whereby agents reason with simple monotonic regularities but may revise their choice of regularity on learning more about their circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008362411391
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Teleology as Higher-Order Causation: A Situation-Theoretic Account (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 559-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: teleology ; causation ; biological function ; proper function ; mental causation ; situation theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Situation theory, as developed by Barwise and his collaborators, is used to demonstrate the possibility of defining teleology (and related notions, like that of proper or biological function) in terms of higher order causation, along the lines suggested by Taylor and Wright. This definition avoids the excessive narrowness that results from trying to define teleology in terms of evolutionary history or the effects of natural selection. By legitimating the concept of teleology, this definition also provides promising new avenues for solving long standing problems in the philosophy of mind, such as the problems of intentionality and mental causation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008366512300
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explicitness With Psychological Ground (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 353-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: connectionism ; explicit ; implicit ; process ; representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Explicitness has usually been approached from two points of view, labelled by Kirsh the structural and the process view, that hold opposite assumptions to determine when information is explicit. In this paper, we offer an intermediate view that retains intuitions from both of them. We establish three conditions for explicit information that preserve a structural requirement, and a notion of explicitness as a continuous dimension. A problem with the former accounts was their disconnection with psychological work on the issue. We review studies by Karmiloff-Smith, and Shanks and St. John to show that the proposed conditions have psychological grounds. Finally, we examine the problem of explicit rules in connectionist systems in the light of our framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008275132559
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible Improvement: Rebuttal to Paul N. Edwards's Response (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 473-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008226616141
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    It Only Seems as if Zombies are Logically Possible, or How Consciousness Hides the Truth of Materialism: A Critical Review of The Conscious Mind (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 441-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008317225595
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume contents (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 591-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017192609706
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is the Thematic Structure of Science? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 245-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: thematic structure ; order of knowledge ; classification ofsciences ; natural sciences ; humanities ; the sciences of the artificial ; interdisciplinary complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The paper justifies the concept of “thematic structure” or “order of knowledge” over the traditional “classification of sciences” due to the uncertainty of many classification criteria. The thematic structure of science has, of course, various levels and various dimensions. Arguments against any forms of separating the humanities from sciences in the traditional sense of the term are presented and discussed. Equally unacceptable are attempts at sharp separation of technical disciplines and humanities. The thematic structure of humanities is not created by some material aspects but rather through the interest — or problem-oriented aspects. In addition to the natural sciences and the humanities there exists an important sphere of sciences on artefacts or, using the term by H. Simon, the sciences of the artificial. For the contemporary research activities is typical what could be denoted as “interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary complex.” The paper traces a set of epistemological criteria for the justification of the relative independence of a scientific discipline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008267223985
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lutz Danneberg, Methodologien. Struktur, Aufbau und Evaluation (= Erfahrung und Denken Bd. 71) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008209013443
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explaining Disease: Correlations, Causes, and Mechanisms (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: explanation ; disease ; medicine ; causality ; mechanism ; causal network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Why do people get sick? I argue that a disease explanation is best thought of as causal network instantiation, where a causal network describes the interrelations among multiple factors, and instantiation consists of observational or hypothetical assignment of factors to the patient whose disease is being explained. This paper first discusses inference from correlation to causation, integrating recent psychological discussions of causal reasoning with epidemiological approaches to understanding disease causation, particularly concerning ulcers and lung cancer. It then shows how causal mechanisms represented by causal networks can contribute to reasoning involving correlation and causation. The understanding of causation and causal mechanisms provides the basis for a presentation of the causal network instantiation model of medical explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008286314688
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twisted Tales: Causal Complexity and Cognitive Scientific Explanation (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 79-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Recent work in biology and cognitive science depicts a variety of target phenomena as the products of a tangled web of causal influences. Such influences may include both internal and external factors as well as complex patterns of reciprocal causal interaction. Such twisted tales are sometimes seen as a threat to explanatory strategies that invoke notions such as ‘inner programs’, ‘genes for’ and sometimes even ‘internal representations’. But the threat, I shall argue, is more apparent than real. Complex causal influence, in and of itself, provides no good reason to reject these familiar explanatory notions. To believe otherwise, I suggest, is generally to commit (at least) one of two seductive errors. The first error is to think that the general notion of a state x coding for an outcome y involves the state's constituting a full description of y. This is what I call the ‘myth of the self-contained code’. The second error is to think that the practice of treating certain factors as special (e.g., seeing genes as coding for outcomes in a way environmental factors do not) depends on the (often mistaken) belief that the singled out factor is somehow doing the most real work. Where the amounts of causal influence are evenly spread, it is assumed there can be no reason to treat one factor in a special way. This is what I term the ‘Myth of Explanatory Equality’. Avoiding these errors involves reminding ourselves of (1) the rich context-dependence of even standard, unproblematic uses of the notions of code, program and information content (all three make sense only relative to an assumed ecological backdrop) and (2) the difference between explaining why an event occurred and displaying the full workings of a complex causal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008238431527
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...