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  • Articles  (25)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (25)
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  • Springer  (25)
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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Quasiconvex function ; saddle point theorem ; duality ; Lagrangians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we show how saddle point theorems for a quasiconvex—quasiconcave function can be derived from duality theory. A symmetric duality framework that provides the machinery for deriving saddle point theorems is presented. Generating the theorems,via the framework, provides a deeper understanding of assumptions employed in existing theorems which do not utilize duality theory.
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  • 2
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Bilinear ; duality ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the maximization of a bilinear function over two independent polytopes. The maximization problem is converted into a max—min problem, using duality. This problem is then solved via a sequence of dual linear programmes, whose constraint vectors are successively determined bytth order optima of a master linear programme.
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  • 3
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 15-48 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Primary 90C25, 49B27 ; Secondary 90C48, 52A07, 65K05 ; Convex programming ; duality ; constraint qualification ; Fenchel duality ; semi-infinite programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study convex programs that involve the minimization of a convex function over a convex subset of a topological vector space, subject to a finite number of linear inequalities. We develop the notion of the quasi relative interior of a convex set, an extension of the relative interior in finite dimensions. We use this idea in a constraint qualification for a fundamental Fenchel duality result, and then deduce duality results for these problems despite the almost invariable failure of the standard Slater condition. Part II of this work studies applications to more concrete models, whose dual problems are often finite-dimensional and computationally tractable.
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  • 4
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 49-83 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Primary 90C25, 49B27 ; Secondary 90C48, 52A07, 65K05 ; Convex programming ; duality ; constraint qualification ; semi-infinite programming ; constrained approximation ; spectral estimation ; transportation problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In Part I of this work we derived a duality theorem for partially finite convex programs, problems for which the standard Slater condition fails almost invariably. Our result depended on a constraint qualification involving the notion ofquasi relative interior. The derivation of the primal solution from a dual solution depended on the differentiability of the dual objective function: the differentiability of various convex functions in lattices was considered at the end of Part I. In Part II we shall apply our results to a number of more concrete problems, including variants of semi-infinite linear programming,L 1 approximation, constrained approximation and interpolation, spectral estimation, semi-infinite transportation problems and the generalized market area problem of Lowe and Hurter (1976). As in Part I, we shall use lattice notation extensively, but, as we illustrated there, in concrete examples lattice-theoretic ideas can be avoided, if preferred, by direct calculation.
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  • 5
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 85-101 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Constraint qualifications ; characterization of optimum ; duality ; convex programming ; constrained best approximation ; partially finite programs ; infinite programs ; closure of sums of cones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study constraint qualifications and duality results for infinite convex programs (P)μ = inf{f(x): g(x) ∈ − S, x ∈ C}, whereg = (g 1,g 2) andS = S 1 ×S 2,S i are convex cones,i = 1, 2,C is a convex subset of a vector spaceX, andf andg i are, respectively, convex andS i -convex,i = 1, 2. In particular, we consider the special case whenS 2 is in afinite dimensional space,g 2 is affine andS 2 is polyhedral. We show that a recently introduced simple constraint qualification, and the so-called quasi relative interior constraint qualification both extend to (P), from the special case thatg = g 2 is affine andS = S 2 is polyhedral in a finite dimensional space (the so-called partially finite program). This provides generalized Slater type conditions for (P) which are much weaker than the standard Slater condition. We exhibit the relationship between these two constraint qualifications and show how to replace the affine assumption ong 2 and the finite dimensionality assumption onS 2, by a local compactness assumption. We then introduce the notion of strong quasi relative interior to get parallel results for more general infinite dimensional programs without the local compactness assumption. Our basic tool reduces to guaranteeing the closure of the sum of two closed convex cones.
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  • 6
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    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 3 (1992), S. 43-57 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Machine learning ; simulation ; flexible manufacturing systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a synergistic approach that is applicable to a wide variety of system control problems. The approach utilizes a machine learning technique, goal-directed conceptual aggregation (GDCA), to facilitate dynamic decision-making. The application domain employed is Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) scheduling and control. Simulation is used for the dual purpose of providing a realistic depiction of FMSs, and serves as an engine for demonstrating the viability of a synergistic system involving incremental learning. The paper briefly describes prior approaches to FMS scheduling and control, and machine learning. It outlines the GDCA approach, provides a generalized architecture for dynamic control problems, and describes the implementation of the system as applied to FMS scheduling and control. The paper concludes with a discussion of the general applicability of this approach.
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  • 7
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    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 3 (1992), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Neural networks ; simulation ; continuous improvement systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of a neural network embedded in a larger general-purpose simulation system (GPSS) simulation used to model continuous improvement systems (CIS) policies in a factory setting is described. The neural network is used to accelerate the identification of an effective CIS policy by providing a more realistic simulation framework. The interface between general simulation theory and neural network simulation is examined. Neural networks, when embedded in larger general-purpose simulations, are found to offer the potential for improving on the capabilities of those simulations, in particular manufacturing simulations for continuous improvement of production processes.
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  • 8
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    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 3 (1992), S. 263-276 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: parallel distributed ; processing ; simulation ; object-oriented programming systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The field of neural networks is being investigated by many researchers in order to provide solutions to difficult problems in the area of manufacturing systems. Computer simulation of neural networks is an important part of this investigation. This paper applies concepts from an important trend in software engineering research, namely object-oriented programming, to model neural networks. The design and implementation of a software object library is crucial to obtaining the full benefits of object-oriented programming. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of a foundation library of software objects for the purpose of simulating and validating different network architectures and learning rules. The library contains objects that implement various types of nodes and learning rules. We discuss the results of our experiments to illustrate the benefits of using an object-oriented approach to modeling neural networks.
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  • 9
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    Annals of operations research 39 (1992), S. 157-172 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Score function method ; likelihood ratio ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; Monte Carlo methods ; conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider first a discrete event static system that is to be simulated at values of a parameter or vector of parametersθ. The system is assumed driven by an inputX, where typicallyX is a vector of variables whose densityf θ (x) depends on the parameterθ. For the purpose of optimizing, finding roots, or graphing the expected performanceE θ L(X) for performance measureL, it is useful to estimate not only the expected value but also its gradient. An unbiased estimator for the latter is the score function estimator $$L(X)S(\theta ) = L(X)\frac{\partial }{{\partial \theta }}\ln f_\theta (x).$$ This estimator and likelihood ratio analogues typically require variance reduction, and we consider conditioning on the value of the score function for this purpose. The efficiency gains due to performing the Monte Carlo conditionally can be very large. Extension to discrete event dynamic systems such as theM/G/1 queue and other more complicated systems is considered.
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  • 10
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    International journal of flexible manufacturing systems 4 (1992), S. 113-127 
    ISSN: 1572-9370
    Keywords: Flexible manufacturing ; simulation ; rules ; heuristics ; fuzzy logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This article reports an investigation into part-input methods for an implemented flexible flow system (FFS). Two new dynamic methods—look-ahead simulation and a fuzzy heuristic rule base—are compared to three simple myopic static sequencing rules and one dynamic rule. It is shown using simulation that for the existing system, the best sequence generated from the minimum production set performs very well, but the dynamic methods outperform the sequence when the system is modified and the sequence is unaltered. It is concluded that for a stable FFS, the static determination of the best input sequence is appropriate, but that a rapidly changing FFS—due to machine breakdown, changes in production requirements, etc.—may benefit from a dynamic part-input method. The look-ahead simulation outperforms the fuzzy rule base, and appears to be a more promising dynamic method. Suggestions for future research and evaluation are given.
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  • 11
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    Annals of operations research 39 (1992), S. 1-39 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Stochastic programming ; stochastic quasigradient methods ; discrete event systems ; simulation ; concurrent approximation and optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, stochastic programming techniques are adapted and further developed for applications to discrete event systems. We consider cases where the sample path of the system depends discontinuously on control parameters (e.g. modeling of failures, several competing processes), which could make the computation of estimates of the gradient difficult. Methods which use only samples of the performance criterion are developed, in particular finite differences with reduced variance and concurrent approximation and optimization algorithms. Optimization of the stationary behavior is also considered. Results of numerical experiments and convergence results are reported.
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  • 12
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    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 79-97 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Infinite dimensional linear program ; duality ; infinite horizon optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the class of linear programs with infinitely many variables and constraints having the property that every constraint contains at most finitely many variables while every variable appears in at most finitely many constraints. Examples include production planning and equipment replacement over an infinite horizon. We form the natural dual linear programming problem and prove strong duality under a transversality condition that dual prices are asymptotically zero. That is, we show, under this transversality condition, that optimal solutions are attained in both primal and dual problems and their optimal values are equal. The transversality condition, and hence strong duality, is established for an infinite horizon production planning problem.
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  • 13
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    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 5 (1992), S. 49-62 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Off-line programming ; robot programming ; simulation ; computer graphics ; sensor programming ; sensor modeling ; robotics ; world modeling ; calibration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The programming of robots is slowly evolving from traditional teach pendant methods to graphical Off-Line Programming (OLP) methods. Graphical simulation tools, such as OLP, are very useful for developing and testing robot programs before they are run on real industrial equipment. OLP systems are also used to develop task level programs. Traditional OLP systems, however, suffer from the limitations of using only position control which does not account for inherent robot inaccuracies and dynamic environments. This paper describes our work on improving and supplementing traditional position control programming methods. A baseline OLP system was implemented at NIST's Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF). Experience gained in implementing this system showed that an effective OLP system must accurately simulate the real world and must support sensor programming to compensate for real-world changes that cannot be simulated. The developed OLP geometric world model is calibrated using robot mounted ultrasound ranging sensors. This measurement capability produces a baseline geometric model of relatively good static accuracy for off-line programming. The graphical environment must also provide representations of sensor features. For this specific application, force is simulated in order to include force based commands in our robot programs. These sensor based programs are able to run reliably and safely in an unpredictable industrial environment. The last portion of this paper extends OLP and describes the functionality of a complete system for programming complex robot tasks.
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  • 14
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    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 5 (1992), S. 453-464 
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: elasto-perfectly plastic structure ; quadratic programming ; duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, an elasto-plastic analysis is carried out for elastic plastic discretized structures, which are acted upon by given loads and strains by the method of quadratic programming. Two extremum principles are derived, based on which the theoretical duality is also dealt with.
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  • 15
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 281-295 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: analysis of variance ; autocorrelation ; simulation ; trend analysis ; sedimentology ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is proposed that the variance in mapped geologic data should be formally considered to be composed of three components which arise on different geographic scales. The three components (regional, local, and residual) should be defined solely in terms of the parameters of the sample data set. A two-step analysis is required to separate three components. Applying autocorrelation criteria, trend-surface analysis has been used, in the first step, to remove the residual component and, in the second step, to separate regional and local components from the resulting noise-free data. This procedure has made it possible to quantify local components in stratigraphic thickness data from the East Midlands coalfield (central England) which can be identified in terms of the known geology.
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  • 16
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 239-263 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: simulation ; hydrology ; petroleum ; sedimentology ; high fluid pressures ; compaction ; primary migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model of sedimentation and compaction of fine-grained rocks such as shale has been constructed. Water is considered to flow upward or downward out of a compacting rock according to Darcy's law until the pore-water pressure within the rock is normal for the depth in question. The porosity decreases during compaction until a minimum porosity, determined by the difference between total vertical stress (overburden pressure) and pore-water pressure, is obtained. The model takes into account the dependence of permeability on porosity for a given rock type, and the dependence of water viscosity on salinity, temperature, and pressure. The derived equations have been computer programmed to obtain the time dependence of porosity, pressure, water velocity, permeability, and other factors within a compacting shale during (a) shale sedimentation, (b) a time lapse following shale deposition, (c) the deposition of normally pressured sediments over the shale, and (d) a second time lapse following deposition of the normally pressured unit. Solutions to these problems are given for the situation when the unit underlying the shale is normally pressured, and for the situation when the underlying unit is impermeable. The calculations show that a portion of a thick shale adjacent to a normally pressured unit may have a considerably reduced porosity and permeability, and act as a seal for the remainder of the shale. High fluid pressures may persist for many millions of years in thick shales with low permeability. The computations can be extended to cover more complicated cases of interbedded shales, sands, and other lithologies.
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  • 17
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 265-279 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: simulation ; mathematical models ; sedimentology ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract To study sedimentary phenomena, we introduce random-genetic models in which genetic hypotheses and structural random elements occur for the main part. Starting from geologic hypotheses we choose principal factors which may be random functions or random variables. These factors are: depth, nature of the facies, sedimentation rate, and subsidence. Equations of evolution link the factors. Depth is a Markov process, but generally the resultant sequence does not make a Markov chain or Markov process. Three examples of such models are given with the results of simulations.
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  • 18
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    Mathematical geology 24 (1992), S. 99-128 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: correlation ; fractal functions ; fractional Brownian bridges ; hydrology ; expert input ; mining ; Monte Carlo ; nonstationary ; probability ; random walk ; reservoir engineering ; risk analysis ; sampling ; simulation ; stochastic process ; trajectory ; waste cleanup
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a new method of analyzing the risk incurred when the outcome of a decision depends on interpolated values, for example, on the flow through an aquifer sparsely sampled for permeability or on the ratio of waste to ore in a mineral deposit sparsely sampled for grade. The method uses large families of interpolations constructed between sample values using adaptations of the well-known midpoint displacement method for generating pseudo-fractional Brownian motion trajectories. The parameters defining each family are chosen interactively by specialists to incorporate their expert knowledge. Each family, or ensemble, then defines a population of values for any global characteristic (functional) such as flow rate or waste ratio. The probabilities of various outcomes are estimated by counting them and calculating their ratios. For example, if 900 out of 1000 are acceptable the chance of success is estimated to be 90%.
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  • 19
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 36 (1992), S. 477-495 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Cost-oriented assembly line balancing ; heuristic algorithms ; worst-case analysis ; simulation ; NP-completeness ; time complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Two new heuristic algorithms for solving cost-oriented assembly line balancing problems -the Wage-Rate-Method (WR) and the Wage-Rate-Smoothing-Method (WRS) — are presented and compared with two known heuristics — the Positional-Weight-Method (PW) and the Positional-Weight-Wage-Rate-Difference-Method (PWWD) with respect to their solution qualities. Firstly, the heuristics are outlined and their computational effort is stated. Then, a theoretical worst-case bound for the solution quality is given and the results of an extensive performance study are reported. In the study the heuristics were investigated with respect to their solution quality by solving randomly generated line balancing problems and problems from literature. It can be concluded that PWWD and WRS are generally superior to PW and WR.
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  • 20
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 36 (1992), S. 547-563 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Generalized convexity ; duality ; root term ; optimal solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We extend the duality theorems for a class of nondifferentiable problems with Mond-Weir type duals.
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  • 21
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 587-602 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Probabilistic constrained problems ; chance-constrained problems ; linear programming ; duality ; optimization ; convex analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present two pairs of dually related probabilistic constrained problems as extensions of the linear programming duality concept. In the first pair, a bilinear function appears in the objectives and each objective directly depends on the feasibility set of the other problem, as in the game theoretical formulation of dual linear programs. In the second pair, we reformulate the objectives and eliminate their direct dependence on the feasibility set of the other problem. We develop conditions under which the dually related problems have no duality gap and conditions under which the two pairs of problems are equivalent as far as their optimality sets are concerned.
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  • 22
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 73 (1992), S. 427-449 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Convex analysis ; duality ; Gauss-Seidel methods ; decomposition methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study dual functionals which have two fundamental properties. Firstly, they have a good asymptotical behavior. Secondly, to each dual sequence of subgradients converging to zero, one can associate a primal sequence which converges to an optimal solution of the primal problem. Furthermore, minimal conditions for the convergence of the Gauss-Seidel methods are given and applied to such kinds of functionals.
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  • 23
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 72 (1992), S. 459-486 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Nonlinear programming ; duality ; game theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A type of nonlinear programming problem, called multilinear, whose objective function and constraints involve the variables through sums of products is treated. It is a rather straightforward generalization of the linear programming problem. This, and the fact that such problems have recently been encountered in several fields of application, suggested their study, with particular emphasis on the analogies between them and linear problems. This paper develops one such analogy, namely a duality concept which includes its linear counterpart as a special case and also retains essentially all of the desirable characteristics of linear duality theory. It is, however, found that a primal then has several duals. The duals are arrived at by way of a game which is closely associated with a multilinear programming problem, but which differs in some respects from those generally treated in game theory. Its generalizations may in fact be of interest in their own right.
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  • 24
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 221-264 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Pareto efficiency ; welfare theorems ; benefit functions ; duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops several optimization principles relating the fundamental concepts of Pareto efficiency and competitive equilibria. The beginning point for this development is the introduction of a new function describing individual preferences, closely related to willingness-to-pay, termed the benefit function. An important property of the benefit function is that it can be summed across individuals to obtain a meaningful measure of total benefit relative to a given set of utility levels; and the optimization principles presented in the paper are based on maximization of this total benefit. Specifically, it is shown that, under appropriate technical assumptions, a Pareto-efficient allocationX maximizes the total benefit relative to the utility levels it yields. Conversely, if an allocationX yields zero benefit and maximizes the total benefit function, then that allocation is Pareto efficient. The Lagrange multipliersp of the benefit maximization problem serve as prices; and the (X,p) pair satisfies a generalized saddle-point property termed a Lagrange equilibrium. This in turn is equivalent, under appropriate assumptions, to a competitive equilibrium. There are natural duals to all of the results stated above. The dual optimization principle is based on a surplus function which is a function of prices. The surplus is the total income generated at pricesp, minus the total income required to obtain given utility levels. The dual optimization principle states that prices that are dual (or indirect) Pareto efficient minimize total surplus and render it zero. Conversely, a set of prices that minimizes total surplus and renders it zero is a dual Pareto efficient set of prices. The results of the paper can be viewed as augmenting the first and second theorems of welfare economics (and their duals) to provide a family of results that relate the important economic concepts of Pareto efficiency, equilibrium, dual (or indirect) Pareto efficiency, total benefit, Lagrange equilibrium, and total surplus.
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    Statistics and computing 2 (1992), S. 25-36 
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Reasoning under uncertainty ; causal probabilistic network ; influence diagram ; belief network ; knowledge-based systems ; evidence ; fast retraction ; maxinlization ; explanation ; simulation ; junction tree ; charge ; potential function ; flow ; propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A probabilistic expert system provides a graphical representation of a joint probability distribution which can be used to simplify and localize calculations. Jensenet al. (1990) introduced a ‘flow-propagation’ algorithm for calculating marginal and conditional distributions in such a system. This paper analyses that algorithm in detail, and shows how it can be modified to perform other tasks, including maximization of the joint density and simultaneous ‘fast retraction’ of evidence entered on several variables.
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