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  • Articles  (107)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (107)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (107)
  • 1985-1989  (55)
  • 1965-1969  (52)
  • 1989  (55)
  • 1966  (52)
  • Physics  (107)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Acoustic reverse-time finite-difference migration for zero-offset data is extended from two- to three-dimensional media. The formulation is based on the full three-dimensional acoustic wave equation and so has no dip restrictions and it involves extrapolation in a velocity distribution variable in three dimensions. The algorithm is demonstrated by successful migration of synthetic data sets for three models: a point diffractor, an oblique pinch-out, and a dome overlying a planar reflector.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Seismic attenuation introduces modifications in the wavelet shape in vertical seismic profiles. These modifications can be quantified by measuring particular signal attributes such as rise-time, period and shape index. Use of signal attributes leads to estimations of a seismic-attenuation log (Q-log).To obtain accurate signal attributes it is important to minimize noise influence and eliminate local interference between upgoing and downgoing waves at each probe location. When tube waves are present it is necessary to eliminate them before performing separation of upgoing and downgoing events. We used a trace-by-trace Wiener filter to minimize the influence of tube waves. The separation of upgoing and downgoing waves was then performed in the frequency domain using a trace-pair filter.We used three possible methods based on signal attribute measurements to obtain g-log from the extracted downgoing wavefield. The first one uses a minimum phasing filter and the arrival time of the first extremum. The two other methods determine the Q-factor from simple relations between the amplitudes of the first extrema and the pseudo-periods of the down-going wavelet.The relations determined between a signal attribute and traveltime over quality factor were then calibrated using field source signature and constant-Q models computed by Ganley's method. Q-logs thus obtained from real data are discussed and compared with geological information, specifically at reservoir level.Analysis of the tube wave arrivals at the level of the reservoir showed a tube wave attenuation that could not be explained by simple transmission effects. There was also a loss of signal coherence. This could be interpreted as tube wave diffusion in the porous reservoir, followed by dispersion. If this interpretation can be verified, tube wave analysis could lead to further characterization of porous permeable zones.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: During the last couple of years there has been much research in the area of wavefield separation of borehole seismic data, and several articles have been published on various separation techniques. Methods involving the application of two-dimensional Fourier transformation, the Radon transformation, multi-level median filters or optimal filters, are all suggested as possible approaches to the wavefield separation problem.This paper compares some of these methods commonly used in the industry.The theories of the chosen methods are described to see how they are related. Using the different methods on synthetic and real data, we show how this theoretical relation is reflected in the relatively similar results obtained. We also show how the different filters treat coherent and random noise.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Matrix equations are derived to transform the resistivity sounding data obtained in one type of a four-electrode array to the corresponding resistivity sounding data that would be obtained using a different four-electrode array. These expressions are based primarily on recent work in which we have established a linear relation between the apparent resistivity and the kernel function by using a powerful exponential approximation for the kernel function. It is shown that the resistivity sounding data of two different four-electrode arrays have a linear relation through an essentially non-singular matrix operator and, as such, one is derivable from the other for a one-dimensional model and it can also be extended to two-dimensions.Some numerical examples considering synthetic data are presented which demonstrates the efficiency of the method in such transformations. Two published field examples are also considered for transformation giving a reliable interpretation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Underground gravity observations in deep coal mines using the conventional gravity meters Worden (type Master) and LaCoste-Romberg (model D), both of which have been adapted to the fire damp regulations, can be accurate to ± 10 and ± 3 μgal, respectively. For underground determination of the vertical gradient of gravity the LaCoste-Romberg meter is used together with a specially designed measuring tower. Using this euipment an accuracy in tower gradient observations of ± 30 E was obtained.To apply the equipment to precision gravity observations in underground situations an additional correction, i.e. a gallery correction, is needed. High accuracy in correction is achieved by a new method of three-dimensional modelling. The gravity effect is computed for bodies with a surface approximated by triangular elements, which are generated from corner points of the body. The combination of gallery correction with tower gradient data leads to a new method for in situ density determination. It offers the possibility of horizontal instead of vertical density profiling.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developments in underground observations the localization of a pump room is presented. Microgravity and tower gradient observations were carried out to detect the cavity. The horizontal gradient was also calculated to give a more reliable location.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 14 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Spurious reflections showing a residual move-out are generally present on both corrected seismic cross-sections and common depth point composites.We propose to determine a space-time filter satisfying the following conditions: to attenuate as much as possible reflections presenting a given move-out, to retain intact reflections whose time gradient is zero (or has a predetermined value), to be applicable efficiently even to a small number of traces, not to amplify random noise unduly.After briefly indicating the design principle of these filters, we shall give the results of their application to the theoretical examples, in order to bring out: the influence of sampling interval and filter length (possibility of achieving efficient filtering using an apparatus with a small number of terms), the effect of filtering on dipping reflections (reduction in amplitude and distortion increasing with the time gradient), the range of reflection move-out that can effectively be filtered with the same apparatus, the disturbing influence of random noise.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RESUMEOn constate généralement, tant sur les films sismiques corrigés que sur les résultats de couverture multiple, la présence de réflexions parasites présentant une courbure résiduelle d'indicatrice.Nous nous sommes proposé de déterminer un opérateur de filtrage spatio-temporel satisfaisant aux conditions suivantes: filtrer le plus possible les réflexions présentant une courbure donnée, conserver intégralement les réflexions dont le gradient temps est nul (ou a une valeur déterminée), pourvoir être appliqué efficacement à un petit nombre de traces, ne pas amplifier outre mesure les bruits inorganicés.Après avoir indiqué brièvement le principe du calcul de ces filtres, nous présenterons les résultats de leur application à des exemples théoriques, afin de mettre en évidence:ľ'influence du pas d'échantillonnage et de la longueur du filtre (possibilityé d'obtenir un filtrage efficace avec un opérateur comportant un petit nombre de termes),ľ'effet du filtrage sur les réflexions pentées (réduction d'amplitude et distorsion croissant avec le gradient temps),ľ'ouverture de ľ'éventail des réflexions courbes que ľ'on peut filtrer efficacement avec un même opérateur,ľ'influence perturbatrice de bruits inorganicés.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 14 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 37 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Power spectrum analysis of the Bouger gravity values in the Eastern Alps suggests that the gravity field may be separated into long and short wavelength components. The long wavelength component is assumed to be caused by Alpine crustal thickening. This long wavelength component was subjected to a gravimetric single density-interface inversion procedure, giving a gravimetric Mohorovičić model which is generally in good agreement with Moho-depths derived by refraction and reflection seismology.The residual high-frequency gravity component correlates well with the main surface geological units in the Eastern Alps.Apparent density mapping by applying an inverse density deconvolution filter to the short wavelength gravity component gives density values for the upper crust which correspond well with averaged density values from rock samples.
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