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  • Articles  (23)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (23)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  • artificial intelligence  (9)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (8)
  • drug testing  (6)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (23)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of aromatic aldehydes bySaccharomyces cerevisiae: Investigation of reaction rates (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: l-Phenylacetyl carbinol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Benzaldehyde ; Biotransformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The rate of production ofl-phenylacetyl carbinol bySaccharomyces cerevisiae in reaction mixtures containing benzaldehyde with sucrose or pyruvate as cosubstrate was investigated in short 1 h incubations. The effect of yeast dose rate, sucrose and benzaldehyde concentration and pH on the rate of reaction was determined. Maximum biotransformation rates were obtained with concentrations of benzaldehyde, sucrose and yeast of 6 g, 40 g and 60 g/l, respectively. Negligible biotransformation rates were observed at a concentration of 8 g/l benzaldehyde. The reaction had a pH optimum of 4.0–4.5. Rates of bioconversion of benzaldehyde and selected substituted aromatic aldehydes using both sucrose and sodium pyruvate as cosubstrate were compared. The rate of aromatic alcohol production was much higher when sucrose was used rather than pyruvate.o-Tolualdehyde and 1-chlorobenzaldehyde were poor substrates for aromatic carbinol formation although the latter produced significant aromatic alcohol in sucrose-containing media. Yields of 2.74 and 3.80 g/l phenylacetyl carbinol were produced from sucrose and pyruvate, respectively, in a 1 h reaction period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High solids fermentation of hydrolysates of wheat starch B in a continuous dynamic immobilized biocatalyst bioreactor (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Ethanol fermentation ; Wheat starch ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; immobilization ; Continuous dynamic immobilized biocatalyst bioreactor ; Biocatalyst bioreactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A simple and efficient method of conversion of wheat starch B to ethanol was investigated. Employing a two-stage enzymatic saccharification process, 95% of the wheat starch was converted to fermentable sugars in 40 h. From 140 g/l total sugars in the feed solution, 63.6 g/l ethanol was produced continuously with a residence time of 3.3 h in a continuous dynamic immobilized biocatalyst bioreactor by immobilized cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The advantages and the application of this bioreactor to continuous alcoholic fermentation of industrial substrates are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569698
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prolog-based decision support system for computer capacity planning (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Decision support systems ; logic programming ; prolog ; artificial intelligence ; computer capacity planning ; planning for resource acquisition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a project to implement a decision support system for computer capacity planning. The system provides an intelligent interface to the various models needed for this type of planning by assisting the user in model formulation, data manipulation, model execution, interpretation and manipulation of results. The implementation strategy is based on the integration of relational model and database management with logic. A modified version of a Prolog interpreter is utilized as the vehicle for this integrated strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based approach to scheduling in an F.M.S. (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 109-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Flexible manufacturing system ; production scheduling ; artificial intelligence ; predicate calculus ; state-operator framework ; knowledge-based system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the development of a computer-based system for production scheduling in a dedicated FMS. The system is based on the state-operator framework commonly used in artificial intelligence. Such a system consists of three components: (i) a knowledge base of states, which describes both the current task domain situation and the goal to be achieved; (ii) a set of operators that are used to manipulate the knowledge base; and (iii) a control strategy to decide which operators to apply next and to resolve conflicts. Some of the interesting features of the scheduling system include: (i) the ability to detect resource conflicts; (ii) the ability to determine alternate routes for a given part in the event of a resource conflict; and (iii) the ability to amend plans if an alternate route is found. These features allow the system to take advantage of the flexible routing for parts that an FMS allows. The system has been implemented using the XLISP programming language. Implementation considerations are discussed. A small but comprehensive example is presented. Further research directions are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186363
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized resolution and cutting planes (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Propositional logic ; resolution ; integer programming ; theorem proving ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper illustrates how the application of integer programming to logic can reveal parallels between logic and mathematics and lead to new algorithms for inference in knowledge-based systems. If logical clauses (stating that at least one of a set of literals is true) are written as inequalities, then the resolvent of two clauses corresponds to a certain cutting plane in integer programming. By properly enlarging the class of cutting planes to cover clauses that state that at least a specified number of literals are true, we obtain a generalization of resolution that involves both cancellation-type and circulant-type sums. We show its completeness by proving that it generates all prime implications, generalizing an early result by Quine. This leads to a cutting-plane algorithm as well as a generalized resolution algorithm for checking whether a set of propositions, perhaps representing a knowledge base, logically implies a given proposition. The paper is intended to be readable by persons with either an operations research or an artificial intelligence background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based system for tactical situation assessment (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Situation assessment ; human-machine interface ; intelligent assistant ; intelligent interface ; human-machine system ; artificial intelligence ; operations research ; knowledge-based systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract To perform tactical situation assessment effectively, a system must be capable of performing tactical information integration, interpretation, and threat evaluation. This paper describes a prototype system for naval surface warfare which incorporates a human operator for integration, an artificial intelligence-based subsystem for interpretation, and an operations research-based system for evaluation. The system provides the operator with an interactive environment for displaying and managing tactical information and tools for interpreting and evaluating it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186371
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    User-model interaction in decision support systems for risk management (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 16 (1988), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: risk management ; decision analysis ; expert systems ; artificial intelligence ; operations research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes and evaluates three different approaches to building decision support systems: the Operations Research/Management Science approach, the Decision Analysis/Multiattribute Utility approach, and the Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems approach. It evaluates the usefulness of the three approaches for risk management. In particular, it defines evaluation objectives of risk analysts, risk managers, and laypeople and provides a subjective assessment how the three approaches stack up against their objectives. The paper concludes that for most risk management applications a combination of the three approaches would be most desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative formulations of mixed integer programs (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 241-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Mixed-integer programming ; logic ; representability ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study the formation of mixed-integer programming (MIP) constraints through the development of constructions which syntactically parallel the set operations of union, intersection, Cartesian product, and linear affine transformation. In this manner, we are able to both modularize the work of constructing representations (as the representations for base sets of a composite construction need not be disjunctively derived) and to make connections to certain of the logic-based approaches to artificial intelligence which utilize the intersection (“and”) and union (“or”) operations. We provide results which allow one to “calculate” the linear relaxation of a composite construction, in terms of set operations on the relaxation of the base sets. We are also able to compare the size of the relaxations for different formulations of the same MIP set, when these different formulations arise from one another through distributive laws. Utilizing these results, we generalize the Davis-Putnam algorithm of propositional logic to an MIP form, and answer a question regarding the relative efficiency of two versions of this algorithm. In this context, the subroutines of the logic algorithm correspond to list processing subroutines for MIP to be used prior to running linear programs. They are similar in nature to preprocessing routines, wherein entire MIP constraint sets are manipulated as formal symbols of logic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186369
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in crosslinked, prepolymerized polyacrylamide-hydrazide (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1982), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Immobilization of yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ethanol production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was immobilized in gels made of prepolymerized, linear, water soluble polyacrylamide, partially substituted with acylhydrazide groups. Gelation was effected by the addition of controlled amounts of dialdehydes (e.g. glyoxal). The immobilized yeasts retained full glycolytic activity. Moreover, the entrapped cells were able to grow inside the chemically corsslinked gel during continuous alcohol production. Glyoxal was found to be the most favourable crosslinking agent for this system. the system employed allowed for the free exchange of substrate and products. The gel surrounding the entrapped cells had no effect on temperature stability profile. On the other hand, substantial enhancement in survival of cells in presence of high ethanol concentrations was recorded for the entrapped yeast. The capability of the immobilized yeast to carry out continuous conversion of glucose to ethanol was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500730
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection in yeast I: Assessing genetic stability and relative fitness of commercial yeasts (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1987), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Yeast ; Genetic stability ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Selection ; Reproductive fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The potential for changes in allele frequencies in yeast populations by selection was examined. Cells from the wine yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Montrachet) were grown over a large number of generations using two different culturing techniques, each with two variations: serial transfers on WLN agar plates with and without UV irradiation, and continuous culture in autoclaved and in filter-sterilized grape must. A low frequency of variant isozyme patterns was found in samples taken at the end of the experiment. Growth rates in must and on agar plates were also examined, and it was found that all samples were faster-growing than the original strain, to varying degrees. Applications for the selection system developed are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569423
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