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  • Articles  (23)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (23)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  • artificial intelligence  (9)
  • Escherichia coli  (8)
  • drug testing  (6)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (23)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal inducible expression of xylose isomerase and its performance in a hollow fiber bioreactor (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Xylose isomerase ; Enzyme expression ; thermally inducible ; Hollow fiber bioreactor ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary TheEscherichia coli xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) has been expressed under the control of a thermal inverting promotor system (att-nutL-p-att-N block) and its performance in a hollow fiber bioreactor measured. The conversion of xylose to xylulose was inversely proportional to the flow rate and the system operated up to 60°C. The maximum conversion efficiency observed was 19.05% at 55°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569686
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the growth of microorganisms on diaper absorbent materials (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1988), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Diaper ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Escherichia coli ; Candida albicans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Methods were developed to study the effects of absorbent materials from diapers on microbial survival, growth and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) production under specified in vitro conditions. Growth of representative skin and fecal flora organisms was equivalent in cultures in which materials from cotton cloth diapers, disposable diapers or disposable diapers containing absorbent gelling material were added as the sole carbon source. In urine used as an enrichment medium, growth of the test organisms in media containing material from the three diaper types was equivalent and no contribution to growth from the diaper material was detected. TSST-1 was not produced byStaphylococcus aureus under conditions in which urine was added to the diaper materials. Pathogenic strains of organisms purposefully introduced onto diapers failed to survive and the few microbial cells normally found in diaper material did not multiply when stored under conditions favorable to microbial growth. The data indicate that all three diaper types tested were the same with respect to growth and survival of representative skin and fecal organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569438
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prolog-based decision support system for computer capacity planning (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Decision support systems ; logic programming ; prolog ; artificial intelligence ; computer capacity planning ; planning for resource acquisition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a project to implement a decision support system for computer capacity planning. The system provides an intelligent interface to the various models needed for this type of planning by assisting the user in model formulation, data manipulation, model execution, interpretation and manipulation of results. The implementation strategy is based on the integration of relational model and database management with logic. A modified version of a Prolog interpreter is utilized as the vehicle for this integrated strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based approach to scheduling in an F.M.S. (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 109-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Flexible manufacturing system ; production scheduling ; artificial intelligence ; predicate calculus ; state-operator framework ; knowledge-based system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the development of a computer-based system for production scheduling in a dedicated FMS. The system is based on the state-operator framework commonly used in artificial intelligence. Such a system consists of three components: (i) a knowledge base of states, which describes both the current task domain situation and the goal to be achieved; (ii) a set of operators that are used to manipulate the knowledge base; and (iii) a control strategy to decide which operators to apply next and to resolve conflicts. Some of the interesting features of the scheduling system include: (i) the ability to detect resource conflicts; (ii) the ability to determine alternate routes for a given part in the event of a resource conflict; and (iii) the ability to amend plans if an alternate route is found. These features allow the system to take advantage of the flexible routing for parts that an FMS allows. The system has been implemented using the XLISP programming language. Implementation considerations are discussed. A small but comprehensive example is presented. Further research directions are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186363
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized resolution and cutting planes (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Propositional logic ; resolution ; integer programming ; theorem proving ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper illustrates how the application of integer programming to logic can reveal parallels between logic and mathematics and lead to new algorithms for inference in knowledge-based systems. If logical clauses (stating that at least one of a set of literals is true) are written as inequalities, then the resolvent of two clauses corresponds to a certain cutting plane in integer programming. By properly enlarging the class of cutting planes to cover clauses that state that at least a specified number of literals are true, we obtain a generalization of resolution that involves both cancellation-type and circulant-type sums. We show its completeness by proving that it generates all prime implications, generalizing an early result by Quine. This leads to a cutting-plane algorithm as well as a generalized resolution algorithm for checking whether a set of propositions, perhaps representing a knowledge base, logically implies a given proposition. The paper is intended to be readable by persons with either an operations research or an artificial intelligence background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based system for tactical situation assessment (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Situation assessment ; human-machine interface ; intelligent assistant ; intelligent interface ; human-machine system ; artificial intelligence ; operations research ; knowledge-based systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract To perform tactical situation assessment effectively, a system must be capable of performing tactical information integration, interpretation, and threat evaluation. This paper describes a prototype system for naval surface warfare which incorporates a human operator for integration, an artificial intelligence-based subsystem for interpretation, and an operations research-based system for evaluation. The system provides the operator with an interactive environment for displaying and managing tactical information and tools for interpreting and evaluating it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186371
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    User-model interaction in decision support systems for risk management (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 16 (1988), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: risk management ; decision analysis ; expert systems ; artificial intelligence ; operations research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes and evaluates three different approaches to building decision support systems: the Operations Research/Management Science approach, the Decision Analysis/Multiattribute Utility approach, and the Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems approach. It evaluates the usefulness of the three approaches for risk management. In particular, it defines evaluation objectives of risk analysts, risk managers, and laypeople and provides a subjective assessment how the three approaches stack up against their objectives. The paper concludes that for most risk management applications a combination of the three approaches would be most desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative formulations of mixed integer programs (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 241-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Mixed-integer programming ; logic ; representability ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study the formation of mixed-integer programming (MIP) constraints through the development of constructions which syntactically parallel the set operations of union, intersection, Cartesian product, and linear affine transformation. In this manner, we are able to both modularize the work of constructing representations (as the representations for base sets of a composite construction need not be disjunctively derived) and to make connections to certain of the logic-based approaches to artificial intelligence which utilize the intersection (“and”) and union (“or”) operations. We provide results which allow one to “calculate” the linear relaxation of a composite construction, in terms of set operations on the relaxation of the base sets. We are also able to compare the size of the relaxations for different formulations of the same MIP set, when these different formulations arise from one another through distributive laws. Utilizing these results, we generalize the Davis-Putnam algorithm of propositional logic to an MIP form, and answer a question regarding the relative efficiency of two versions of this algorithm. In this context, the subroutines of the logic algorithm correspond to list processing subroutines for MIP to be used prior to running linear programs. They are similar in nature to preprocessing routines, wherein entire MIP constraint sets are manipulated as formal symbols of logic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186369
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of unique proteins at the onset of carbon starvation inEscherichia coli (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1986), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Starvation ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Escherichia coli bulk protein synthesis continued during the first 3–4 h of carbon starvation at 50–75% that of non-starved (growing) cells. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of in vivo pulse-labelled proteins resolved at least 30 polypeptides with new or increased synthesis, relative to total protein synthesis, during this time. Among these polypeptides were several that were also synthesized by ethanol-treatedE. coli (heat-shock proteins). In addition, a number of unique polypeptides were synthesized by carbon-starved cells. These ‘starvation proteins’ may be involved in survival of the starving bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of organic nitrogen and glucose on the production of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor in high cell densityEscherichia coli fermentations (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1987), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor ; Escherichia coli ; Fermentation ; Production ; Somatomedin C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Two kinds of fed batch fermentation processes were compared at a 10-liter scale to examine their effect on recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) gene expression inEscherichia coli. The difference between the two processes was the feed medium composition and whether the process used a single or dual feed during the course of the fermentation. In the dual feed system, organic nitrogen was delivered at a higher rate (50 g/h) than in the single feed system (5 g/h). The dual feed process resulted in a significant increase in IGF-1 yield. 30 mg IGF-1/g dry cell weight was synthesized in the dual feed system compared to 3 mg IGF-1/g dry cell weight obtained in the single feed system. The presence of high levels of organic nitrogen during the induction period may enhance IGF-1 synthesis by protecting the IGF-1 from proteolytic degradation. The IGF-1 yield decreased to 17 mg/g dry cell weight when the glucose supply was decreased from 17 g/h to 8 g/h during the induction period; however, an increase in glucose supply from 17 g/h to 50 g/h during the induction period did not enhance the IGF-1 synthesis. Thus, the enhancement of IGF-1 gene expression in the dual feed process was mainly dependent on a high level of organic nitrogen and an appropriate level of glucose in the medium during the induction period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569426
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