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  • Articles  (9,881)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (8,865)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (9,881)
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  • 1976  (9,881)
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  • Articles  (9,881)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (8,865)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,016)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (9,881)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUARTERLY ESTIMATES OF CAPITAL STOCKS IN THE U.S. PRIVATE DOMESTIC ECONOMY, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper describes a study designed to provide quarterly estimates of the real capital stock of the United States by sector and industry, which is being undertaken by the Conference Board. It surveys the history of wealth estimation in the United States, and goes on to describe work now in progress both in the Bureau of Economic Analysis and by private researchers. It then continues with a description of the methodology being used in the Conference Board study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00841.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MEASUREMENT OF REAL INCOME (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is about the theory of the measurement of real income. By “theory of measurement” I mean the characterization of statistical terms as variables in a model, just as real consumption is characterized as an indicator of utility and the consumer price index is characterized as the cost of attaining a given level of utility in the economic theory of index numbers developed by Konus, Frisch and others half a century ago. I identify five logically distinct and internally-consistent concepts of real income: maximum sustainable consumption, consumption plus the output of new capital goods, consumption plus the increase in the capital stock where capital can be measured in two quite separate ways, and the sum of actual consumption and consumption forgone in the investment process. The last of these concepts is the most appropriate as a guide to producing long time series of real income for measuring a country's rate of economic growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00839.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CAPITAL STOCK AND CAPITAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES BY INDUSTRIES IN THE SWEDISH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper gives a general description of the principles and methods in connection with making estimates of capital stock and capital consumption in the Swedish National Accounts, with breakdowns into industries and purposes of government services. The first section of the paper deals with definitions, principles and related questions. The major part of the estimates have been made according to the perpetual inventory method. The principles of this method are summarized. A number of problems relating to price indices are also described, as well as problems of valuation of capital for net worth and capital consumption estimates. The second section describes the methods of estimation and sources of data. The calculations have been made on a level of disaggregation into 41 industries and 13 purposes of government services. Three methods are used, i.e., direct estimates for capital objects, where some form of current stock data has been available, insurance values as proxy for replacement values, and perpetual inventory estimates. Comparisons between estimates according to the various methods are made in a number of cases.In the third section a few special problems regarding the quality of the estimates and the possibilities of improving the estimates are explored. The main problems refer to the lack of gross fixed capital formation data, in the form of detailed series which are consistent, cover a long period, and are deflated with an adequate set of price indices. The lack of information on survival curves and durabilities of various types of capital objects is also a severe set-back. Direct inventories would improve the level of the estimates, but they would also be difficult and costly to undertake. The change in capital stock would in any case have to be determined on the basis of gross fixed capital formation data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00840.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DATA SOURCES ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN BANGLADESH, INDIA, PAKISTAN AND SRI LANKA: AN EVALUATION (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the data base available in four South Asian countries, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, for the examination of trends in real inequality and poverty. Taking the position that sample surveys of household income and consumption are the only really adequate bases on which size distributions of income for a less developed country can be constructed, the paper examines in Section I the reliability of the surveys available in the four countries. Section II evaluates available price data. Section III looks at directions for future development of data collection. The conclusion is reached that sample surveys regularly conducted in these countries do not provide a particularly good basis for this type of analysis. Needed alterations include permitting access to the primary data (or redesign of published tabulations to meet the needs of this type of analysis), use of per capita rather than total household income and consumption, better coverage of regions and occupations, and exploitation of the price data implicit in the survey data collected. Further, the surveys themselves need to be overhauled, especially with regard to timing of interviews. The paper concludes with a short discussion of alternatives to estimates of inequality that can be used to measure absolute deprivation, such as the QUAC stick for identifying nutritional insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00832.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CORRECTION: JAPAN IS DIFFERENT (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00836.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROBLEMS OF MEASURING CAPITAL IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The general problems of distinguishing between theoretical concepts and practical measures concerning capital are considered and the difference between various stock and flow measures of capital and their respective uses is defined. The qualifications and limitations to these measures in the interpretation of output changes are also discussed. Attention is concentrated on the initial, basic problem of how to measure gross capital stock and the special difficulties involved in using the perpetual inventory simulation method and census procedures in less developed countries to derive such estimates are broadly defined. Some of the special problems encountered in an attempt to undertake an inventory of industrial capital assets in Lesotho are also referred to and the paper concludes by expressing the view that there are at present far more important issues demanding higher statistical priority in less developed countries than the evaluation of capital stocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00831.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ECONOMIC WELFARE OF THE AGED AND INCOME SECURITY PROGRAMS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines several nonmoney components of economic welfare in both a theoretical and an empirical framework, computes the distributional ranking of aged families arising from such a measure, and subsequently examines the target effectiveness of eleven programs of the U.S. federal government aimed at the aged. While the theoretical discussion attempts to cover all factors contributing to the economic welfare of the aged, the empirical measure is somewhat less comprehensive, excluding the value of nonmarket productive activities and leisure time as well as benefits derived from direct government expenditures and some in-kind transfers and taxes. The study makes use of a subsample of the 1967 Survey of Economic Opportunity data composed of all families with at least one aged member. Specific attention is devoted to dissaving from net worth, in-kind transfers, incidence of taxes, and intrafamily transfers. Government cash and in-kind transfers are found to constitute a third of the total measured economic welfare of the aged, and the impact of each of these programs is examined individually. As might be expected, public assistance and public housing are the programs of most benefit to the aged poor. Medicaid and Medicare are substantially less so, and Social Security is distributionally neutral. Such programs as unemployment insurance are of little benefit to the aged. Tax expenditures, finally, provide no benefits to even the lower half of the distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00834.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REMARKS ON THE DIRECTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND BALANCES (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00837.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE SUBSTITUTION OF SELF-SERVICE ACTIVITIES FOR MARKETED SERVICES (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the consequences of permanent differences in the rates of productivity growth between economic activities are dealt with. Special attention is given to the substitution of self-service activities for marketed services. The former are tentatively defined as activities carried out outside the market having the following principal inputs: consumer's time, industrial products (mainly durables), and energy. The emergence of self-service activities challenges the conventional division of man's time into work for market and leisure, which should be replaced by a more detailed breakdown. Consumers’preference for self-service results mainly from high taxation, high real wages and equality in the distribution of personal income. Because of the growth of self-service activities in industrialized countries a non-negligible part of the population's productive effort will be difficult to record, since it will neither appear on the market nor have market value. The need to record self-service activities would be most strongly felt in statistics on private consumption, but would also have consequences in the measurement of the nation's welfare. One should make a distinction between consumption of marketed services and their self-service substitutes in order to provide information on the complementarity of the energy, time and material inputs into various self-service activities and on the substitutability between them and marketed services. This could perhaps be done with the help of extended commodity-private expenditure matrices. The recording as well as the valuation of non-market working time would probably cause great difficulties. Self-service activities are also becoming sufficiently important to warrant their inclusion in the debate on the measurement of the nation's productive effort and of the nation's welfare. But any recording of self-service activities would be a controversial measure since it would require recourse to imputations on a large scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00838.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS IN ARGENTINA (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The history of national accounting in Argentina is presented in brief. The use of the production method as a basis for GDP estimates is explained and sources and methods of deriving the estimates for different sectors are commented on in some detail. Next the reliability of the estimates is examined for sectoral product, national income by factor shares and the components of final expenditure in terms of the comparison of two different estimates for the period 1950–1963. The degree of accuracy is judged to be generally sufficient, but the importance of economic censuses in the process of estimation is stressed. The importance of detailed studies on several different aspects of the economic structure (input-output, personal and family income by size and regional accounts) is also stressed as a basis for improving the reliability of estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00842.x
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