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  • Articles  (85,639)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (57,995)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (27,644)
  • 1965-1969  (85,639)
  • 1969  (85,639)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (60,189)
  • Physics  (48,335)
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  • Articles  (85,639)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (57,995)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (27,644)
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  • 1965-1969  (85,639)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIE SEISMISCHEN GESCHWINDIGKEITEN DER JUNGEREN MOLASSE IM OSTSCHWEIZERISCHEN UND DEUTSCHEN ALPENVORLAND (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: According to a study of seismic velocities in the Alpine Foreland of Eastern Switzerland, the initial velocity is rather high in comparison with other Tertiary basins and shows an exceptionally high increase rate. When analysing the average and the interval velocities, especially of Tertiary strata, and when comparing them with velocities of strata of the same age and a very similar facies of the Northern Rheintalgraben, it has been found that the increase of velocity is closely related to the distance to the Subalpine Molasse. The conclusion is that the velocity of the Tertiary strata is strongly influenced by the folding pressure of the Subalpine Molasse or of the Alps. The same method has been applied to a relatively large number of wells in the area of the “German Molasse”. Not only the results in Eastern Switzerland have been confirmed, but also it has been proved that the diagenesis of the Tertiary strata and, hence, their velocities are influenced only partially by the specific depth of the basin. Velocities increase towards the Folded Molasse or the Alps. Consequently they depend on lateral folding pressure, which decreases from west to east with the increasing width of the basin. The tertiary strata of the basin have been affected by lateral folding pressurefrom south to north. However, structures with lateral compression have not been discovered yet in the German Alpine Foreland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02075.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT PATTERN INDUCED BY AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC DIPOLE IN A SEMI INFINITE CONDUCTIVE THIN PLATE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In a paper by Koefoed and Kegge (1968), which was based on previous work of Wesley (1958), the electrical current pattern has been derived that is induced by an oscillating magnetic dipole in a semi-infinite thin plate of infinitesimal resistivity.In the present paper, the range of validity of the assumptions, on which the work of Wesley is based, is subjected to a theoretical analysis. It is found that the decisive factor for the validity of Wesley's derivation is the quotient of the square of the penetration depth of the electrical current over the product of the thickness of the plate and a distance that is indicative of the size of the current loops in the plate. Wesley's derivation is shown to be valid only when this factor is negligible. It is also shown that in this condition the imaginary component of the anomaly must be negligible.Model experiments are described in which the electrical current pattern is studied also in the range in which the derivation of Wesley is not valid. The procedure used in these model experiments was to measure the tangential component of the magnetic field strength very close to the metal plate that simulated the conductive dyke.In order to express the results of the measurements in terms of the imaginary to real ratio, these results are compared with an interpretation graph for field measurements that was published by Hedström and Parasnis (1958). It is found that the current pattern in the plate is essentially the same as that which follows from Wesley's derivation, provided that the imaginary to real ratio is less than one third. The measurements do not permit to draw conclusions regarding the current pattern in the plate in conditions that correspond to larger values of the imaginary to real ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02078.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THEORETICAL RESISTIVITY ANOMALIES ACROSS A SINGLE VERTICAL DISCONTINUITY (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Electrical resistivity anomalies of a symmetrical four-electrode co-linear system across a single vertical discontinuity are treated in relation to: a) the ratio of potential electrode separation to the current electrode separation that are employed in the system and b) the angle which the electrode alignment makes with the discontinuity. Several conclusions are extracted from this treatment and methods for obtaining an optimum sensitivity of the system, with respect to these parameters, are shown. Disadvantages of special arrangements, such as the Wenner configuration, are indicated. Methods are outlined to utilise variations in the apparent resistivity plot for determining the angle between the electrode alignment and the discontinuity, quantitatively or qualitatively. These variations include certain deviations from the standard curves obtained in longitudinal traverses made at right angles to the discontinuity. Also, a comparison is made between longitudinal and cross traverses, in relation to the discontinuity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02072.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEAD WAVES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC MODELS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Studies made on head waves in a large number of two-dimensional horizontal and inclined layer seismic models are described. The assumption that the amplitude of head wave decreases exponentially with distance is found to be valid in horizontal layers. For the correct estimation of the head wave decay coefficient, the decrease of amplitude due to the divergence of wave energy should always be considered.The variations of head wave amplitude at large distances from the source appear to follow the theory of Heelan (1953). It is, however, concluded that the theory can only be verified from the measurements in models which have large velocity contrast and thick layer at the top.A prominent interference phenomenon between the direct and head wave has been observed near the critical distance. This is more marked for up-dip profile in the case of inclined layer models. The rate of head wave amplitude decrease with distance beyond the zone of interference is found to depend on dip angle, direction of the dip, and velocity contrast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb01987.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VELOCITY SPECTRA AND THEIR USE IN STRATIGRAPHIC AND LITHOLOGIC DIFFERENTIATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Velocity Spectra which were originally developed for the optimum stacking of seismic data have been found to give considerable information concerning lithologic and stratigraphic changes in the geologic section. In the Gulf of Mexico shale sections and sand bodies have been recognized on the Velocity Spectra display, and in the Caribbean last year a first attempt was made to utilize Velocity Spectra information for the determination and mapping of lithology. Since that time, a new program has been developed which takes dip into account when computing the interval velocity. This program has been applied to a seismic section in the North Sea which has resulted in a geologic model derived from interval velocities which were found to be quite consistent. Such a model can be of great value in geological interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb01988.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02079.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OVER A LAYERED HALF SPACE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The transient fields from a finite horizontal loop excited by a half sine wave current pulse have been computed numerically for a particular source receiver configuration at a height of 100 meters above a layered ground. The amplitude of the vertical component of the magnetic field has been chosen for the interpretation. Curves of apparent conductivity vs. time, plotted during the off-time of the signal, show that layering is easily resolved, that resonance effects are present and that polarization effects are detectable for certain types of polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02073.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEISMIC REFRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN THE BALTIC SEA (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Seismic refraction measurements were made in two areas of the Baltic Sea in June 1967. The refraction data were obtained in the course of the transmission measurements program of Operation MILOC BALTIC 67.Three profile pairs were obtained, two in the area south of Öland Island, Sweden, the third to the east, north of the peninsula of Hel, Poland. The water depths vary from 60 to 90 meters between the areas.The receiving positions for the two profiles south of Oland Island are only 46 km apart but the structures differ markedly. The northern section, only 500 m thick, shows a rather thin sedimentary cover above 350 m of 3.7 km/sec material that in turn overlies 5.6 - 5.9 km/sec velocity material. The southern section, almost 2 km thick, has an equivalent amount of low velocity material, and a layer about 1 km thick having velocity 4.8 km/sec that overlies 6.0 km/sec velocity material. The eastern profile shows high velocity material, 5.6 km/sec, at 2.5 km depth.Correlation of the layers determined by seismic refraction with nearby geology suggests that the structural change south of Öland Island may represent the boundary of the Sarmatian Shield in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02070.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A POSSIBLE WAY OF TRACING GROUNDWATER FLOWS IN KARST (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In designing as well as in the construction of hydro-electric power plants and water-supply projects in karst, the knowledge of the location of groundwater flows is invaluable. Attempts made so far in this direction have not produced the desired results and all the methods known so far have shown to be more or less ineffective, especially with respect to deep-seated underground flows.An interesting suggestion on the possible determination of the groundwater flow location by using a specific geophysical prospecting procedure is based on the studies and knowledge of groundwater flows in the karstland of Yugoslavia. The procedure is as follows: a time-bomb thrown down a swallow-hole travels down to the groundwater flow and explodes at a predetermined moment. Elastic waves generated by the explosion propagate reaching the surface, where they are detected by properly arranged geophones that are connected with a standard seismic apparatus. By a specific graphical or arithmetical method the coordinates of the epicentre and hypocentre of the underground explosion can be worked out, and thus the location of the groundwater flow determined. By successive repetition of the experiment, i.e. by different time activation of underground explosion of the time-bomb, the location of the groundwater flow can be defined over longer paths.The success of the experiment depends upon a number of factors all of which must be met. If only one of them is overlooked, the experiment will not succeed. All this calls for great care both in preliminary work and in the course of the experiment. Substantial funds invested in and considerable time required in executing the experiment are multiply recompensed by the success of the experiment. The information obtained about the location of groundwater flows will directly affect the maximum operating pool adopted for hydro-electric power projects and the most favourable point in cutting off groundwater flows and bringing them to the surface for water-supply purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb01986.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSIENTS AND FIELD BEHAVIOUR IN INDUCED POLARIZATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with electromagnetic fields in the so called “Transient Induced Polarization Technique”. Field equations are integrated in the case of a polarizable sphere inbedded in a sterile overburden. The existence of a remanent polarization vector P which slowly decays once the charging current has been cut off is taken as the initial condition. When the surface between the air and overburden is (as a first step) disregarded, the Laplace transform of the EM fields is given. The integral of the electric field (which is fairly often the result of prospection work) is independent of the various time constants related to electrochemical processes, but it stands as a good measurement of the total electrostatic dipole created by the charging current.We investigate the geometrical circumstances that can bring negative values of I.P. signal. Such negative values can be found in two cases: 1. The discharge currents are. distorted by the ground surface. 2. The I.P. signal is picked up by electrodes inside the polarizable material.The last part is dedicated to an account of experimental work performed on models and of an actual case history.The mathematical derivations are included in an appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb01991.x
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