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  • Articles  (58)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (58)
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  • Springer  (58)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: SHR ; cyclosporin ; immune mechanisms ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spontaneously hypertensive rats the effect of the T-cell inhibitor cyclosporin was studied at different ages. If treatment was started at the age of 2 weeks the development of hypertension was delayed, but the ultimate level of blood pressure was not affected. These results indicate the involvement of immune mechanisms in the early development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1238-1239 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Kinins ; bradykinin ; kallidin ; cerebrospinal fluid ; HPLC ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat cerebrospinal fluid contains peptides which displace radiolabeled bradykinin from its specific antibodies. Two peptides which showed the same retention time as kallidin and bradykinin in a reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography system were detected in cerebrospinal fluid of rats. The concentration of radioimmunologically detected kinins in the cerebrospinal fluid of spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain was lower than that of the Wistar Kyoto control rats.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlorthalidone ; spironolactone ; hypertension ; potassium deficiency ; diuretic ; Kühns' test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kühns' oral test for potassium deficiency (KDT) has been used to evaluate potassium balance after treatment with diuretics. The test was first standardised in 23 patients, both with and without known potassium deficiency. Subsequently, 18 patients with essential hypertension were investigated before and after the use of 3 different diuretics, each for a period of 6 weeks; all patients received all three forms of treatment but in different sequence. Before treatment the patients excreted an average of 121 mEq potassium a day in urine after oral administration of potassium 127 mEq (citrate). After treatment with chlorthalidone (Hygroton®), 50 mg a day, the excretion of potassium decreased significantly to 83 mEq, suggesting an intracellular deficit of it. Treatment with chlorthalidone 50 mg and potassium chloride 2 g daily (Hygroton — K®), led to potassium excretion of 100 mEq after loading, which was distinctly, but not significantly, larger than in the period of treatment with chlorthalidone alone. After chlorthalidone 50 mg daily and spironolactone (Aldactone “Searle”®), 25 mg q. i. d., the excretion of potassium was 121 mEq, which was the same as before treatment. The mean serum potassium before treatment was 4.4 mEq/l, after chlorthalidone 3.8 mEq/l, after chlorthalidone plus potassium chloride 3.9 mEq/l, after chlorthalidone combined with spironolactone 3.9 mEq/l. The results were in agreement with previously published investigations of “exchangeable potassium” after similar treatments. As the test for potassium deficiency gave better information about the amount of intracellular potassium in the body than analysis of serum potassium, it is suitable for the evaluation of potassium deficiency associated with diuretic therapy.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicardipine ; propranolol ; hypertension ; concomitant administration ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A twelve-week parallel study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of nicardipine plus propranolol with that of propranolol alone in 67 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Efficacy data was analysed for 50 patients. The regimens used were 90 mg · day−1 of nicardipine and 120 mg · day−1 of propranolol. Both treatments significantly reduced supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline values at all visits. At all visits, concomitant administration of nicardipine and propranolol produced a greater reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures than did propranolol alone, although the difference between treatments did not always reach statistical significance. Few adverse events were reported, and none was clinically important. We conclude that nicardipine taken concomitantly with propranolol is more effective than propranolol alone in treating patients with hypertension and that the combined regimen is well tolerated.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 423-426 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ketanserin ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension ; ketanserinol ; predicted plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in 6 hypertensive patients after a single oral 40 mg dose and at steady-state after 4 weeks treatment with 20 mg and then 40 mg 12-hourly. Pharmacokinetic variables after a single dose were similar to those reported in healthy volunteers, with median values for Cmax 112 ng·ml−1, tmax 1 h, and t1/2 19 h. The corresponding values for the metabolite ketanserinol were Cmax 155 ng·ml−1, tmax 2 h, and t1/2 25 h. The median AUC was 3.3 times greater for ketanserinol than for the parent drug. These results were used to predict the mean steady-state plasma concentrations of ketanserin and ketanserinol. Predicted values were on average similar to those observed after four weeks treatment with 40 mg 12-hourly, although there were marked differences between the observed and predicted values in some patients. There was no evidence of time- or dose-dependent kinetics for ketanserin, but the study had insufficient power to exclude the occurrence of these phenomena entirely.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; nicardipine ; propranolol ; serum lipids ; electrocardiogram ; side-effects ; ECG changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind controlled trial 22 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were treated with nicardipine 30 mg t.d.s. and 19 patients with propranolol 80 mg t.d.s. as monotherapy for 24 weeks. Blood pressure in both groups at the end of trial was equally and significantly reduced; systolic pressure 22.2 mmHg and diastolic pressure 15.5 mmHg in the supine position, and 24.4 mmHg and 18.4 mmHg, respectively, in the standing position in those on nicardipine, and by 23.7 and 16.2 mmHg and 28.0 and 19.2 mmHg, respectively, in the propranolol group. There was an initial increase in heart rate in the nicardipine group, but the rise was only moderate (3 beats/min supine p=0.3219, and 7 beats/min standing, p=0.0203) at the end of the 24 weeks. In the propranolol group heart rate was reduced markedly. Adverse effects occurred in 77% of patients on nicardipine and in 63% of those on propranolol, and there were no unexpected findings. The effects were mild in both groups and did not lead any patient to stop medication. One patient on propranolol was withdrawn from the trial because of poor blood pressure control and suspected angina pectoris after 5 weeks on active medication. There were no significant changes in blood chemistry, including lipoprotein classes. Overall, in comparison with propranolol, nicardipine was effective, well-tolerated and safe to use in the monotherapy of mild or moderate essential hypertension.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: muzolimine ; chlorthalidone ; hypertension ; serum electrolytes ; potassium ; ion transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous short-term studies of muzolimine (a diuretic with frusemide-like activity) had shown that it did not induce a significant change in the serum potassium concentration. In the present study sodium and potassium handling and other metabolic variables have been compared during 16 weeks of therapy with muzolimine and chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic. During muzolimine treatment, plasma and red cell potassium concentrations remained unchanged, while a significant fall in potassium occured with chlorthalidone. Neither drug affected the activity of sodium-potassium cotransport or sodium-lithium countertransport in red cells in vitro. Muzolimine and chlorthalidone had similar effects on arterial pressure and on the other metabolic variables tested.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 155-163 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; verapamil ; norverapamil ; pharmacokinetics ; dosing frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve hypertensive patients (WHO Stage I-II) were given oral verapamil (Isoptin) b.d. or t.d.s. as long-term treatment. The pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil were studied both after single and b.d. and t.d.s. doses of verapamil 240, 360 or 480 mg daily adjusted according to the blood pressure response. The apparent oral clearance of verapamil was decreased after both the twice and thrice daily dosage regimens (1.38 and 1.841/min, respectively) as compared to the single dose (4.39 l/min). The plasma half-life of verapamil was increased from 3.34 h (single dose) to 4.65 h (b.i.d.). Decreased elimination of norverapamil was also found after multiple doses of verapamil, as shown by an increase in the adjusted AUC of norverapamil (adjusted to a verapamil dose of 80 mg), namely from 574.9 h·ng·ml−1 (single dose) to 1172 h·ng·ml−1 (b.d.) and to 841 h·ng·ml−1 (t.d.s.). The plasma half-life of norverapamil increase from 5.68 h to 7.34 h during twice daily dosing. During thrice daily verapamil, no increase in plasma half-life was found either for verapamil or norverapamil, probably due to the relatively short sampling time (6 h). The plasma concentration of verapamil and the reduction in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated. The mean decrease in supine systolic blood pressure was 5.8 mm Hg per 100 ng verapamil/ml plasma, and for diastolic pressure 2.9 mm Hg per 100 ng verapamil/ml plasma. The mean steadystate plasma concentrations of verapamil were similar after twice and thrice daily dosing regimens, which agrees with the clinical observation that blood pressure control in hypertensive patients is as good after verapamil b.d. and t.d.s.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 227-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; hypertension ; hypotensive therapy ; hypertensive emergency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-eight severely hypertensive patients were treated with oral clonidine. Each patient received a “loading” dose of 0.2 mg clonidine, followed by 0.1 mg hourly until the blood pressure was substantially reduced, or until a total dose of 0.8 mg has been administered. Thirty-five (82.1%) patients responded favourably, with a reduction in the systolic blood pressure in the supine position from 210±20 to 145±20 and to 98±15 mmHg diastolic after 6 hours. The average dose of clonidine was 0.5 mg. Side-effects were minimal. The study has shown that oral clonidine given in a “loading” dose is safe and effective in the management of patients with hypertensive emergencies, and it may have an advantage over other antihypertensive drugs administered parenterally.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amiloride ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; total body potassium ; plasma potassium ; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After a run-in period of 8 weeks on a regimen of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT, median dosage 75 mg/day), patients with essential hypertension were randomly allocated to continued hydrochlorothiazide therapy (Group I) or additional treatment with amiloride (Group II, median dosage 15 mg/day, or 5 mg per 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) for the following 12 weeks. Thereafter all the patients were changed to treatment with a fixed combination tablet containing 5 mg amiloride and 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide (Moduretic), keeping the thiazide dosage unchanged for an additional 12 weeks. In Group I patients there was no change in plasma potassium, total body potassium content or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during the 12 weeks on HCT. When the treatment was changed to Moduretic, significant increases were found of 10% in plasma potassium and 3% in total body potassium content. No important stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was found. In Group II patients addition of an average of 15 mg amiloride to the hydrochlorothiazide treatment led to significant increases in plasma potassium and total body potassium content of approximately 15% and 4%, respectively. There was also a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Reducing the average dose of amiloride to 7.5 mg/day by use of Moduretic did not lead to decrease in plasma potassium or total body potassium content. Plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were decreased, but the individual changes varied markedly and no significant overall change was found.
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