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  • Articles  (18)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (18)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharides ; Collagen ; Calvarium ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and collagen have been analyzed in different types of cartilage and some other tissues at various stages of prenatal and postnatal human development. The concentration of the chondroitin sulfate-type MPS increased from the 38th embryonal day, the 6-sulfate exceeding in amount the 4-sulfate. The increase in collagen concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of neutral salt-soluble collagen. There was no accumulation of chondroitin sulfates in the calvaria. A maximal concentration of MPS of a low molecular weight occurred in the skin and in the ear pinna after the 10th prenatal week. Postnatally, the MPS-concentration in the iliac crest and in the tibial articular cartilages decreased gradually, the highest values being reached in the newborn; the collagen-concentration showed an approximately reciprocal course.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 325-334 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chordotonal (Tracheal) organ ; Teleogryllus commodus (Orthoptera) ; Hearing ; Development ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tracheal organ of the mesothoracic tibia of Teleogryllus is located in a corresponding position to the tympanal organ of the prothoracic tibia. The mesothoracic organ contains an average of only 12 scolopidia, the location of which corresponds to that of the proximal group A and proximal main group in the prothoracid tympanal organ. There are no scolopidia corresponding to the distal group of the tympanal organ. The variability in number of scolopidia is much greater in the mesothoracic organ than in the prothoracic organ. The adult tracheal system of the mesothoracic leg resembles the early nymphal tracheal system in both pro- and meso-thoracic legs. The development of the tracheal organ is usually complete by the sixth instar. The mesothoracic tracheal organ of the adult is broadly equivalent to the prothoracic tympanal organ of a fifth instar animal.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 535-550 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptosomes ; Rat brain stem ; Synaptogenesis ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and protein content of the five subfractions of the crude mitochondrial fraction from the brain stem of the 1-day old and adult rat was examined. The morphological composition of the subfractions after fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmiumtetroxide in the adult rat brain stem resembled that previously reported for the whole brain; synaptosomes sedimented in a sucrose gradient in subfractions C and D. In the 1-day old rat, mature synaptosomes were found in subfractions A, B, C and D; E contained mainly free mitochondria. 80–95% of the processes in the adult and 10–30% in the 1-day old rat contained synaptic vesicles which were of four types: (1) small agranular vesicles (2) large dense core vesicles (3) large agranular vesicles (4) coated vesicles. Pre- and postsynaptic membrane thickenings were demonstrated in many nerve-ending particles. In the subfractions of the 1-day old rat the protein content was one half and the distribution resembled that in the adult. Evidently nerve endings develop faster in the brain stem than in cortical areas; a serotoninor adrenergic origin of the early synaptosomes is suggested.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 425-442 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glandula submandibularis (Mouse) ; Acinar ultrastructure ; Cell types ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the submandibular gland of the mouse was studied by means of electron microscopy, from the 14th day of gestation up to birth. In the first two days the acini are solid and their cells contain polyribosomes and a few lamellae of endoplasmic reticulum. Beginning with the 16th day secretory granules appear and rapidly fill an increasing number of cells. The different electron density of the granules makes it possible to distinguish 1. two types of granules, dense and pale, and sometimes intermediate ones, 2. “polymorphic” granules. The latter consists of electron dense and electron pale parts combined in different configurations. The possible significance of the various types of granules is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 115-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindles ; Intrafusal fibre types ; Development ; De-efferentation ; Utrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hind limb muscles were de-efferented in 19 new-born rats by removal of the lumbosacral spinal cord, with preservation of spinal ganglia and their peripheral branches. The juxtaequatorial and polar zones of muscle spindles were studied in different leg muscles 3 to 9 weeks after the operation in order to establish whether intrafusal fibre types would become differentiated after permanent motor denervation. De-efferented intrafusal fibres developed into distinct ultrastructural fibre types similar to those found in control muscles. The nuclear bag type had confluent myofibrils with ill-defined M lines and relatively few mitochondria. The nuclear chain type had discrete myofibrils with prominent M lines, numerous large mitochondria and a more developed sarcotubular system. The fibre type characteristics were sometimes blurred by disarranged cross striation, but they were clearly discernible in 59 out of 69 de-efferented fibres of 31 spindles investigated in the electron microscope. A sample of 220 de-efferented spindles from leg muscles of 6 rats was examined in the light microscope on transverse sections stained for ATPase activity. The difference in the ATPase activity among intrafusal fibre types was marked in about 70% spindles; in contrast to this, no distinct fibre types could be discerned in the population of extrafusal fibres which were stained rather uniformly. In de—efferented spindles-as in normal control spindlesnuclear chain fibres always exhibited high ATPase activity, whereas one of the nuclear bag fibres had low ATPase and the other either low or medium to high ATPase activity. However, the ATPase activity of de-efferented muscles was generally lower than that of normal muscles. It can be concluded that intrafusal fibres do acquire their fibre type characteristics after fusimotor denervation despite complete deprivation of nerve impulse activity during the postnatal period when intrafusal fibre types differentiate in normal spindles.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protonephridium ; Pomatoceros triqueter (Annelida, Polychaeta, Sedenta-ria) ; Terminal cell ; Channel cell ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the development of the intermediate and late gastrula of Pomatoceros triqueter, the terminal and channel cells grow towards each other and form the protonephridium. They interdigitate through lateral microvilli. The junctions between the cells form filtration clefts, which are bridged by fibrils.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 481-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminiferous tubule, ovine ; Lamina propria ; Development ; Endocrine factors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the lamina propria in the ovine seminiferous tubule was studied from 54 days (postcoitum) fetuses up to sexual maturity. In young animals (aged about two months) the effect of hypophysectomy and/or hormones was also analyzed. Initially, large areas of the lamina propria already show signs of morphological differentiation. The non cellular component is a single or sometimes double lamella. Outwardly, the cellular component is represented by rounded connective tissue cells or by elongated cells, exhibiting 80 Å filaments in the cytoplasm and arranged in 3 to 4 layers. By the first week after birth, the non cellular component is formed by 8 to 10 lamellae and the cellular component shows typical contractile cells, the fibroblasts being now located only in the periphery. Basically, the same aspect is found in the adult ram, thus differing from the more extensively studied prototypes of lamina propria architecture of rodents or primates. In as much as the sheep lamina propria differentiates precociously, probably induced by fetal testicular hormones, it is relatively insensitive to hypophysectomy or hormonal substitution. Hypophysectomy and cyproterone acetate administration cause intracytoplasmic lipid deposition in the contractile cells, the other components being not changed. Some questions are raised concerning the role of this peculiar lamina propria in the function of the blood-testis barrier.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 509-523 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gill ; Trout ; Secondary lamellae ; Development ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscope study of secondary lamellae of trout developing at 10° C is described. Collagen is secreted by mesenchyme cells in the connective tissue of the developing gill filament. This becomes enclosed in infoldings around the peripheries of mesenchyme cells. These cells become aligned in a single plane within folds of basement membrane and epithelium. The basement membrane of opposite sides of the fold becomes connected by a thick layer of collagen. Blood spaces form around the margin of the fold, connecting afferent and efferent filament blood vessels. Endothelial granules form in cells lining the outer border of the marginal channel when blood flow begins. Rows of pillar cells separate from the proximal layer of mesenchyme cells as the secondary lamellae develops further. New secondary lamellae are added at the filament tips. At 28 days, the basement membrane consists of 2 layers, a fine fibrous layer and 5–15 orthogonally arranged layers of collagen fibres. By 31 days, the collagen is arranged at random and the layer is thinner. A clear layer is also present by 67 days. A multilayered epithelium containing mucous and chloride cells is present at 28 days. By 102 days, the secondary lamellae are covered by 2 layers of epithelial cells only. Chloride cells are present in much greater numbers in developing gills than in the adult.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 13-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal pineal gland ; Development ; Secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of 18 human fetuses (crown-rump lengths 30–178 mm) was investigated. The pineal gland exhibits a pyramidal shape and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. Only one parenchymal cell type, the pinealocyte, was observed. Few neuroblasts were seen between the pinealocytes and in the extended perivascular space. The pinealocytes possess all the organelles necessary for hormone synthesis. No specific secretory granule could be observed. The organ is abundantly vascularized and richly innervated. The morphology of the capillaries indicates the existence of a blood-brain barrier. The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland suggests that the gland has a secretory function in early intrauterine life.
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