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  • Articles  (342)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (342)
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  • Articles  (342)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (342)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses
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  • Springer  (342)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Society of Hematology
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (232)
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  • Medicine  (342)
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  • 1
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    In Vitro Antioxidant, Antihemolytic, and Anticancer Activity of the Carotenoids from Halophilic Archaea (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Halophilic archaea represent a promising natural source of carotenoids. However, little information is available about the biological effects of carotenoids from halophilic archaea. In this study, the carotenoids produced by seven halophilic archaeal strains Halogeometricum rufum, Halogeometricum limi, Haladaptatus litoreus, Haloplanus vescus, Halopelagius inordinatus, Halogranum rubrum , and Haloferax volcanii were identified by ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The C 50 carotenoids bacterioruberin and its derivatives monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin were found to be the predominant carotenoids. The antioxidant capacities of the carotenoids from these strains were significantly higher than β-carotene as determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The antihemolytic activities of these carotenoid extracts against H 2 O 2 -induced hemolysis in mouse erythrocytes were 3.9–6.3 times higher than β-carotene. A dose-dependent in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells was observed for the extract from Hgm. limi , while that from Hpn. vescus exhibited a relatively high activity in a dose-independent manner. These results suggested that halophilic archaea could be considered as an alternative source of natural carotenoids with high antioxidant, antihemolytic, and anticancer activity.
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  • 2
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    Porostereum sp., Associated with Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.), is a Latent Pathogen Capable of Producing Phytotoxic Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world due to its medicinal and aromatic value. However, saffron production is severely affected by the corm rot disease throughout the saffron producing countries. In this study, we report a basidiomycetous latent pathogen of saffron, designated as CSE26, capable of producing phytotoxic compounds. CSE26 is a highly odorous basidiomycete with monomitic hyphal system. Molecular phylogeny of ITS and 28S ribosomal gene sequence of CSE26 assigned it as Porostereum spadiceum . It was found to produce corm rot in C. sativus under in vivo and field conditions, with a disease severity index of 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. CSE26 was found to produce chlorinated aromatic compounds (CAMs) having phytotoxic activity against Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, these compounds may be acting as pathogenic determinants of CSE26. However, there is a need to study the level of production of these CAMs by this fungus in the natural environment and their effects on plant health.
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  • 3
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    Phylogeny and Antagonistic Activities of Culturable Bacteria Associated with the Gut Microbiota of the Sea Urchin ( Paracentrotus lividus ) (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: In this study, we have investigated the phylogeny and the antagonistic interactions of culturable bacteria isolated from the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus collected from Aber and Morgat, both located in Crozon peninsula, France. Bacteria were isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of ten specimens by using conventional culture-dependent method and then investigated by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. Assays for antagonistic interactions among the bacterial strains were performed; bacteria (including at least one strain representative of each OTU identified) were screened for antimicrobial substance production. So, 367 bacterial strains were isolated on marine-agar. On the basis of morphological characteristics, 180 strains were sequenced and 94 OTUs were classified. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with a high abundance of the strains belonging to the genus Psychrobacter . From the antagonistic interactions assays, it could be determined that 22.7% strains were positive for at least one antagonism interaction, 18.3% of them isolated from the sea urchins collected in Morgat. We hypothesize that the bacteria isolated in this study may represent the transitory microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of P. lividus , and that this microbiota may be related to the diet of this marine invertebrate. Furthermore, our results suggest that chemical antagonism could play a significant role in shaping the bacterial communities within gastrointestinal tract of the sea urchins. In addition, most isolated bacteria may have promising biotechnology applications.
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  • 4
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    Deletion of the β-Propeller Protein Gene Rv1057 Reduces ESAT-6 Secretion and Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Rv1057 is the only β-propeller protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , but its biological function is still unclear. In this study, we generated a deletion mutant of Rv1057 (D1057) in the virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv and examined the characteristics of the mutant in vitro and in macrophages. We found that deletion of Rv1057 reduces secretion of the major virulence factor ESAT-6 and ESAT-6 stops in the cell envelope fraction during secretion, although ESAT-6 levels were similar in lysates of the mutant and control strains. In infected macrophages, Rv1057 deletion significantly reduced the secretion levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ, but did not affect IL-4 and IL-8. D1057-infected macrophages also release less LDH and produce more nitric oxide (NO) than H37Rv- and D1057com (Rv1057 complemented strain of D1057com)-infected macrophages, indicating that D1057 has the decreased cytotoxicity compared to H37Rv or D1057com. In addition, the capacity of the Rv1057 deletion mutant to grow in macrophages was significantly lower than that of H37Rv and D1057com. Our findings support a role for Rv1057 in ESAT-6 secretion and in modulating the interactions between M. tuberculosis and macrophages.
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  • 5
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    Comparative Analyses of Methanogenic and Methanotrophic Communities Between Two Different Water Regimes in Controlled Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Wetlands are an important methane (CH 4 ) emission source. CH 4 is mainly produced during the biogeochemical process, in which methanogens and methanotrophs both play important roles. However, little is known how these two microbial communities change under different water regimes. In this study, the diversity and abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs in wetlands on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with different water contents (a high water content site DZ2-14-3 and a low water content site DZ2-14-4) were studied by using phylogenetic analysis and quantitative PCR based on mcr A gene and pmo A gene. A total of 16 methanogenic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 9 methanotrophic OTUs are obtained. For methanogens, Fen cluster (58.0%) and Methanosaetaceae (20.3%) are the dominant groups in high moisture samples, whereas Methanosaetaceae (32.4%), Methanosarcinaceae (29.4%), and Methanobacteriaceae (22.1%) are prevalent in low moisture samples. Methylobacter (90.0%) of type I methanotrophs are overwhelmingly dominant in high moisture samples, while Methylocystis (53.3%) and Methylomonas (42.2%) belonging to types II and I methanotrophs are the predominant groups in low moisture samples. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs were higher in high moisture samples than that in low moisture samples. Overall, this comparative study between wetlands controlled by two different water regimes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides fundamental data for further research on microbial functions within extreme ecosystems.
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  • 6
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    Characterization of a New Ezakiella Isolated from the Human Vagina: Genome Sequence and Description of Ezakiella massiliensis sp. nov. (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The study of the vaginal microbiota using the “culturomics concept” allowed us to isolate, from the vaginal swab of an asymptomatic 20-year-old woman who had sexual relations with another woman with bacterial vaginosis, an unknown Gram-positive anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium that was designated strain Marseille-P2951 T and characterized using taxono-genomics. Strain Marseille-P2951 T is non-motile and non-spore forming and exhibits catalase and oxidase activities. Its 16S rRNA gene-based identification showed 98.5% identity with Ezakiella peruensis , the phylogenetically closest species. The major fatty acids are C18:1n9 (58%) and C16:0 (22%). With a 1,741,785 bp length, the G+C content of the genome is 36.69%. Of a total of 1657 genes, 1606 are protein-coding genes and 51 RNAs. Also, 1123 genes are assigned a putative function and 127 are ORFans. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomics analyses revealed that strain Marseille-P2951 T (=CSUR P2951 =DSM 103122) is distinct and represents a new species of the genus Ezakiella , for which the name Ezakiella massiliensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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  • 7
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    Hemolytic Escherichia coli Inhibits Swarming and Differentiation of Proteus mirabilis (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Swarming is a hallmark of Proteus mirabilis , whether common gram-negative bacilli affect the swarming of P. mirabilis is still unclear. In this study, we found that P. mirabilis swarming was inhibited by Escherichia coli ATCC25922, but was not affected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii , or Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The migration distance of P. mirabilis when mixed with E. coli ATCC25922 was strongly reduced, and the inhibition of the swarming of P. mirabilis by E. coli ATCC25922 was dependent on cell density. In addition, initiation of P. mirabilis swarming was delayed by E. coli ATCC25922. Among clinical isolates, including gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, only hemolytic E. coli inhibited the swarming of P. mirabilis . In summary, hemolytic E. coli inhibited the swarming and differentiation of P. mirabilis .
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  • 8
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    Spirosoma terrae sp. nov., Isolated from Soil from Jeju Island, Korea (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The taxonomic position of bacterial strain, designated 15J9-4 T , recovered from a beach soil sample on Jeju Island, South Korea, was established using a polyphasic approach. Strain 15J9-4 T was assigned to phylum Bacteroidetes within the family Cytophagaceae based on 16S rRNA gene similarities. The closest phylogenetic relatives with validly published names were Spirosoma panaciterrae Gsoil 1519 T (94.2% similarity) and Spirosoma luteolum 16F6E T (94.1%). Cells were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, and non-motile. The isolate grew on NA, R2A, TSA, and LB agar. The temperature limits for growth were 10 and 30 °C with an optimum at 25 °C and the pH range was 7–8. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids comprised summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω 6 c /C 16:1 ω 7 c , 30.2%), C 16:1 ω 5 c (22.2%), iso C 15:0 (12.9%), and C 16:0 (8.8%). Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as the major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.4 mol%. The results obtained from the polyphasic analyses allowed for the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 15J9-4 T from recognized Spirosoma species. Therefore, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Spirosoma , for which the name Spirosoma terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J9-4 T (= KCTC 52035 T  = JCM 31994 T ).
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  • 9
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    Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Doogh in Comparison to Industrial Doogh (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Forty-four samples of traditional Doogh and yoghurt were collected from 13 regions of 4 provinces in west of Iran (13 area) and analyzed using molecular methods including PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA, and sequencing. Moreover, collected samples as well as samples from industrially Doogh were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences of Doogh samples could be allocated to the presence of Lactobacillus spp. The typical yoghurt starter culture bacteria included four different Lactobacillus species with possible probiotic properties, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus, L. kefiranofaciens , and L. amylovorus . DGGE of traditional Doogh and yoghurt and RT-PCR of traditional Doogh and yoghurt and also industrial Doogh samples demonstrated that traditional Doogh and yoghurt show a higher abundance of total bacteria and lactobacilli and a higher bacterial diversity, respectively. Considering diversity and higher probiotic bacteria content in traditional Doogh, consumers’ healthiness in tribes and villages could be promoted with these indigenous products.
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  • 10
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    Prevalence of Monovalent Copper Over Divalent in Killing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: This study opens the investigation series focused on antimicrobial effects of copper (Cu) compared to silver (Ag), which is currently used to treat wound infection in burn victims as well as in chronic wounds. Noticeably, in its ionized state, Cu is more commonly present as Cu 2+ rather than as Cu + , while electronic configuration similarity of Cu + and Ag + indicates that actually it may be the active state. To test this hypothesis, effect of Cu + and Cu 2+ , using Ag + ions and metallic copper as controls on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, was examined under anaerobic conditions. Cu + was produced by two different methods, and its effect on microorganism growth was tested using a syringe and Petri dish methods. It was found that the presence of Cu + causes a dramatic depletion in the viability of both microorganisms. Metallic copper did not have any effect on the viability, whereas Cu 2+ and Ag + ions had much lower activity than Cu + ions. Minimal inhibitory concentration of Cu + for E. coli was twice lower than that of Cu 2+ . The obtained results show that Cu + proves to be a potent antimicrobial agent.
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