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  • Articles  (858)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (858)
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  • Articles  (858)
Source
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (858)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses
Publisher
  • Springer  (858)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Society of Hematology
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (301)
  • 1985-1989  (322)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (235)
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  • 1
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    Toxicity of Diclofenac in the Fern Azolla filiculoides and the Lichen Xanthoria parietina (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: This study investigated the occurrence of toxicity, expressed as damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, in the aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides and the lichen Xanthoria parietina following treatments with diclofenac at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L) and different exposure times (24, 48, 72 and 240 h). Measurements of photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll degradation indicated dose- and time-dependent toxicity, since significant differences with control samples as well as among treatments, emerged mainly for the highest concentration (100 mg/L) and the longest time (240 h). In addition, also the mycobiont of the lichen X. parietina showed similar toxic effects, expressed as ergosterol content. The absence of relevant alterations at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) suggested a very limited susceptibility of these species to environmentally relevant levels of this pharmaceutical.
    Print ISSN: 0007-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0800
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of the Persistence and Leaching Behaviour of Thiram Fungicide in Soil, Water and Oil Palm Leaves (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-07
    Description: The residual levels and persistence of thiram in the soil, water and oil palm seedling leaves were investigated under field conditions. The experimental plots were carried out on a clay loam soil and applied with three treatments namely; manufacturer’s recommended dosage (25.6 g a.i. plot −1 ), manufacturer’s double recommended dosage (51.2 g a.i. plot −1 ), and control (water) were applied. Thiram residues were detected in the soil from day 0 to day 3 in the range of 0.22–27.04 mg kg −1 . Low concentrations of thiram were observed in the water and leave samples in the range of 0.27–2.52 mg L −1 and 1.34–12.28 mg kg −1 , respectively. Results have shown that thiram has a rapid degradation and has less persistence due to climatic factors. These findings suggest that thiram is safe when applied at manufacturer’s recommended dosage on oil palm seedlings due to low residual levels observed in soil and water bodies.
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  • 3
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    Cadmium Immobilization Potential of Rice Straw-Derived Biochar, Zeolite and Rock Phosphate: Extraction Techniques and Adsorption Mechanism (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils has become a serious environmental concern due to their generally high mobility and toxic effects on plants and food security. An incubation study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of biochar (BC), zeolite (ZE) and rock phosphate (RP) stabilizers on the immobilization of cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. Various extraction techniques were carried out: a sequential extraction procedure, the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and extraction with ammonium nitrate. In addition, Cd adsorption by these materials was observed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results showed that with an increase in soil pH the exchangeable fraction of Cd in soil was significantly reduced by 28%–29.4%, 9%–13% and 4%–14% for BC, ZE, and RP, respectively. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, BC-amended soil showed a higher adsorption capacity (Q m ) of Cd from 8.38 to 19.85 mg g −1 . Overall, BC offered better results when compared to other amendments.
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  • 4
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    Carbonaceous Species of PM 2.5 in Megacity Delhi, India During 2012–2016 (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM 2.5 were estimated to study the seasonal and inter-annual variability of atmospheric total carbonaceous aerosols (TCA) at an urban site of megacity Delhi, India for 5 years from January, 2012 to December, 2016. The annual average (± standard deviation) concentrations of PM 2.5 , OC, EC and TCA were 128 ± 81, 16.6 ± 12.2, 8.4 ± 5.8 and 34.5 ± 25.2 µg m −3 , respectively. During the study, significant seasonal variations in mass concentrations of PM 2.5 , OC, EC and TCA were observed with maxima in winter and minima in monsoon seasons. Significant correlations between OC and EC, and OC/EC ratio suggested that vehicular emissions, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning could be major sources of carbonaceous aerosols of PM 2.5  at the sampling site of Delhi, India.
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  • 5
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    Metals in Feathers of African Penguins ( Spheniscus demersus ): Considerations for the Welfare and Management of Seabirds Under Human Care (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Bird feathers have been proven to be reliable indicators of metal exposure originating from contaminated food and polluted environments. The concentrations of 15 essential and non-essential metals were investigated in African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus ) feathers from a Northwestern Italian zoological facility. These birds are exclusively fed with herring from the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Certain elements, such as Hg and Cd, reflected the bioaccumulation phenomena that occur through the marine food chain. The levels of Cr, Mn, and Ni were comparable to those registered in feathers of birds living in polluted areas. These results are important for comparative studies regarding the health, nutrition and welfare of endangered seabirds kept under human care.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 6
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    The Response of Lemna minor to Mixtures of Pesticides That Are Commonly Used in Thailand (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: In the field, aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple contaminants rather than to single compounds. It is therefore important to understand the toxic interactions of co-occurring substances in the environment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of individual herbicides (atrazine, 2,4-D, alachlor and paraquat) that are commonly used in Thailand and their mixtures on Lemna minor . Plants were exposed to individual and binary mixtures for 7 days and the effects on plant growth rate were assesed based on frond area measurements. Experimental observations of mixture toxicity were compared with predictions based on single herbicide exposure data using concentration addition and independent action models. The single compound studies showed that paraquat and alachlor were most toxic to L. minor , followed by atrazine and then 2,4-D. For the mixtures, atrazine with 2,4-D appeared to act antagonistically, whereas alachlor and paraquat showed synergism.
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  • 7
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    Effect of Boron Toxicity on Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Boron (B) toxicity, which occurs in semi-arid and arid environments, can adversely affect the growth and yield of many plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different concentrations of boric acid (3, 6, 9 and 12 mM) on growth, oxidative stress and genotoxicity parameters in root and shoot tissues of wheat seedlings. Our results indicate that B stress inhibits root and shoot growth of wheat in a concentration-dependent manner, and leads to increases in TBARS and H 2 O 2 contents in shoot tissue. Moreover, our findings suggest that high concentrations of B may exert a genotoxic effect on wheat. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the effect of B stress on genotoxicity in both root and shoot tissues of wheat.
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  • 8
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    Comparison of Some Soil Fungi in Bioremediation of Herbicide Acetochlor Under Agitated Culture Media (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: In this study, we aimed to find out the biodegradation efficiency of some soil fungi types on herbicide acetochlor with acetochlor active material, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and total organic carbon (TOC) parameters. We also try to determine the population dynamics of these fungi via turbidity. The fungi cultures were isolated from agricultural field in in Thrace region of Turkey. Each fungi enriched in malt extract broth media and 1 mL of these enriched media was inoculated into 100 mL of acetochlor solutions that suggested for using application concantrations in agricultural field for farmers (11000 mg L −1 ) for sunflower and corn agriculture. Bioremediation results of acetochlor have shown different results according to the types of fungi. Our results indicate that Tolypocladium geodes and Cordyceps cicadae might be used in acetochlor bioremediation with a significant acetochlor, COD, TOC and BOD 5 reduction and can be used for rehabilitation of agricultural fields or receiving environments for removal the opposite effects of acetochlor or other herbicides.
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of Fish Health Status and Histopathology in Gills and Liver Due to Metal Contaminated Sediments Exposure (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Health status of freshwater fish, Cirrhina mrigala was studied by qualitative and quantitative histopathological analysis, alterations in frequency/prevalence percentages (%) and histological alteration indices (HAI) in response to metal contaminated sediments of the River Ravi aquatic ecosystem. Histo-structures of gill and liver samples of fish were analyzed and comparison between the degree of damage of the alterations in fish organs was performed after exposure to metal contaminated sediments for 7, 14 and 28 days under semi-static water renewal bioassays. Histopathological studies revealed marked histological alterations in the gills and liver of exposed fish as compared to normal tissue structure observed in control fish. The frequency and prevalence percentages observed in 28-day exposed fish were significantly higher as compared to 7- and 14-day exposed fish. The order of frequency and prevalence percentage for gills and liver of exposed fish was as: 28-day 〉 14-day 〉 7-day. The highest prevalence percentages recorded were 83 and 80% as focal area of necrosis in gill and liver, respectively, after 28-day exposure. The lowest prevalence percentage observed in 7-day exposed Cirrhina mrigala was dilation of sinusoids (17%).
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  • 10
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    Characterization and Local Emission Sources for Ammonia in an Urban Environment (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Ammonia levels were evaluated in the urban environment of Madrid City, Spain. A total of 110 samplers were distributed throughout the city. Vehicle traffic density, garbage containers and sewers were identified as local emission sources of ammonia. The average ammonia concentrations were 4.66 ± 2.14 µg/m 3 (0.39–11.23 µg/m 3 range) in the winter and 5.30 ± 1.81 µg/m 3 (2.33–11.08 µg/m 3 range) in the summer. Spatial and seasonal variations of ammonia levels were evaluated. Hotspots were located in the south and center of Madrid City in both winter and summer seasons, with lower ammonia concentrations located in the north (winter) and in the west and east (summer). The number of representative points that were needed to establish a reliable air quality monitoring network for ammonia was determined using a combined clustering and kriging approach. The results indicated that 40 samplers were sufficient to provide a reliable estimate for Madrid City.
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