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  • Articles  (332)
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  • Articles  (332)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (332)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (332)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
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    IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Print ISSN: 0018-9294
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-2531
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) on behalf of The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
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  • 2
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    Novel Methods for Sensing Acoustical Emissions From the Knee for Wearable Joint Health Assessment (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Objective: We present the framework for wearable joint rehabilitation assessment following musculoskeletal injury. We propose a multimodal sensing (i.e., contact based and airborne measurement of joint acoustic emission) system for at-home monitoring. Methods: We used three types of microphones—electret, MEMS, and piezoelectric film microphones—to obtain joint sounds in healthy collegiate athletes during unloaded flexion/extension, and we evaluated the robustness of each microphone's measurements via: 1) signal quality and 2) within-day consistency. Results: First, air microphones acquired higher quality signals than contact microphones (signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of 11.7 and 12.4 dB for electret and MEMS, respectively, versus 8.4 dB for piezoelectric). Furthermore, air microphones measured similar acoustic signatures on the skin and 5 cm off the skin (∼4.5× smaller amplitude). Second, the main acoustic event during repetitive motions occurred at consistent joint angles (intra-class correlation coefficient ICC(1, 1) = 0.94 and ICC(1, k) = 0.99). Additionally, we found that this angular location was similar between right and left legs, with asymmetry observed in only a few individuals. Conclusion: We recommend using air microphones for wearable joint sound sensing; for practical implementation of contact microphones in a wearable device, interface noise must be reduced. Importantly, we show that airborne signals can be measured consistently and that healthy left and right knees often produce a similar pattern in acoustic emissions. Significance: These proposed methods have the potential for enabling knee joint acoustics measurement outside the clinic/lab and permitting long-term monitoring of knee health for patients rehabilitating an acute knee joint injury.
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    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 3
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    MS-QI: A Modulation Spectrum-Based ECG Quality Index for Telehealth Applications (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: As telehealth applications emerge, the need for accurate and reliable biosignal quality indices has increased. One typical modality used in remote patient monitoring is the electrocardiogram (ECG), which is inherently susceptible to several different noise sources, including environmental (e.g., powerline interference), experimental (e.g., movement artifacts), and physiological (e.g., muscle and breathing artifacts). Accurate measurement of ECG quality can allow for automated decision support systems to make intelligent decisions about patient conditions. This is particularly true for in-home monitoring applications, where the patient is mobile and the ECG signal can be severely corrupted by movement artifacts. In this paper, we propose an innovative ECG quality index based on the so-called modulation spectral signal representation. The representation quantifies the rate of change of ECG spectral components, which are shown to be different from the rate of change of typical ECG noise sources. The proposed modulation spectral-based quality index, MS-QI, was tested on 1) synthetic ECG signals corrupted by varying levels of noise, 2) single-lead recorded data using the Hexoskin garment during three activity levels (sitting, walking, running), 3) 12-lead recorded data using conventional ECG machines (Computing in Cardiology 2011 dataset), and 4) two-lead ambulatory ECG recorded from arrhythmia patients (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database). Experimental results showed the proposed index outperforming two conventional benchmark quality measures, particularly in the scenarios involving recorded data in real-world environments.
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  • 4
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    Generation of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma by the Ultrasonic Standing Waves (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of autologous plasma that has a higher platelet concentration above baseline. It has already been approved as a new therapeutic modality and investigated in clinics, such as bone repair and regeneration, and oral surgery, with low cost-effectiveness ratio. At present, PRP is mostly prepared using a centrifuge. However, this method has several shortcomings, such as long preparation time (30 min), complexity in operation, and contamination of red blood cells (RBCs). In this paper, a new PRP preparation approach was proposed and tested. Ultrasound waves (4.5 MHz) generated from piezoelectric ceramics can establish standing waves inside a syringe filled with the whole blood. Subsequently, RBCs would accumulate at the locations of pressure nodes in response to acoustic radiation force, and the formed clusters would have a high speed of sedimentation. It is found that the PRP prepared by the proposed device can achieve higher platelet concentration and less RBCs contamination than a commercial centrifugal device, but similar growth factor (i.e., PDGF-ββ). In addition, the sedimentation process under centrifugation and sonication was simulated using the Mason–Weaver equation and compared with each other to illustrate the differences between these two technologies and to optimize the design in the future. Altogether, ultrasound method is an effective method of PRP preparation with comparable outcomes as the commercially available centrifugal products.
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    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 5
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    A Wireless Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Tensile Force on Sutured Wound Sites (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A new wireless sensor was designed, fabricated, and applied for in situ monitoring of tensile force at a wound site. The sensor was comprised of a thin strip of magnetoelastic material with its two ends connected to suture threads for securing the sensor across a wound repair site. Since the sensor was remotely interrogated by applying an ac magnetic field and capturing the resulting magnetic field, it did not require direct wire connections to an external device or internal battery for long-term use. Due to its magnetoelastic property, the application of a tensile force changed the magnetic permeability of the sensor, altering the amplitude of the measured magnetic field. This study presents two sensor designs: one for high and one for low-force ranges. A sensor was fabricated by directly adhering the magnetoelastic strip to the suture. This sensor showed good sensitivity at low force, but its response saturated at about 1.5 N. To monitor high tensile force, the magnetoelastic strip was attached to a metal strip for load sharing. The suture thread was attached to the both ends of the metal strip so only a fraction of the applied force was directed to the sensor, allowing it to exhibit good sensitivity even at 44.5 N. The sensor was applied to two ex vivo models: a sutured section of porcine skin and a whitetail deer Achilles tendon. The results demonstrate the potential for in vivo force monitoring at a wound repair site.
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    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 6
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    Detection of the Third Heart Sound Based on Nonlinear Signal Decomposition and Time–Frequency Localization (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: This study presents a precise way to detect the third ( $S_{3}$ ) heart sound, which is recognized as an important indication of heart failure, based on nonlinear single decomposition and time–frequency localization. The detection of the $S_{3}$ is obscured due to its significantly low energy and frequency. Even more, the detected $S_{3}$ may be misunderstood as an abnormal second heart sound with a fixed split, which was not addressed in the literature. To detect such $S_{3}$ , the Hilbert vibration decomposition method is applied to decompose the heart sound into a certain number of subcomponents while intactly preserving the phase information. Thus, the time information of all of the decomposed components are unchanged, which further expedites the identification and localization of any module/section of a signal properly. Next, the proposed localization step is applied to the decomposed subcomponents by using smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution followed by the reassignment method. Finally, based on the positional information, the $S_{3}$ is distinguished and confirmed by measuring time delays between the $S_{2}$ and $S_{3}$ . In total, 82 sets of cardiac cycles collected from different databases including Texas Heart Institute database are examined for evaluation of the proposed method. The result analysis shows that the proposed method can detect the $S_{3}$ correctly, even when the - ormalized temporal energy of $S_{3}$ is larger than 0.16, and the frequency of those is larger than 34 Hz. In a performance analysis, the proposed method demonstrates that the accuracy rate of $S_{3}$ detection is as high as 93.9%, which is significantly higher compared with the other methods. Such findings prove the robustness of the proposed idea for detecting substantially low-energized $S_{3}$ .
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    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 7
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    Simultaneous Electromagnetic Tracking and Calibration for Dynamic Field Distortion Compensation (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Electromagnetic (EM) tracking systems are highly susceptible to field distortion. The interference can cause measurement errors up to a few centimeters in clinical environments, which limits the reliability of these systems. Unless corrected for, this measurement error imperils the success of clinical procedures. It is therefore fundamental to dynamically calibrate EM tracking systems and compensate for measurement error caused by field distorting objects commonly present in clinical environments. We propose to combine a motion model with observations of redundant EM sensors and compensate for field distortions in real time. We employ a simultaneous localization and mapping technique to accurately estimate the pose of the tracked instrument while creating the field distortion map. We conducted experiments with six degrees-of-freedom motions in the presence of field distorting objects in research and clinical environments. We applied our approach to improve the EM tracking accuracy and compared our results to a conventional sensor fusion technique. Using our approach, the maximum tracking error was reduced by 67% for position measurements and by 64% for orientation measurements. Currently, clinical applications of EM trackers are hampered by the adverse distortion effects. Our approach introduces a novel method for dynamic field distortion compensation, independent from preoperative calibrations or external tracking devices, and enables reliable EM navigation for potential applications.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9294
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-2531
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
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  • 8
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    A Wearable Device for Monitoring Sweat Rates via Image Analysis (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A feasibility study on a new technique capable of monitoring localized sweat rate is explored in this paper. Wearable devices commonly used in clinical practice for sweat sampling (i.e., Macroducts) were positioned on the body of an athlete whose sweat rate was then monitored during cycling sessions. The position at which the sweat fills the Macroduct was indicated by a contrasting marker and captured via a series of time-stamped photos or a video recording of the device during an exercise period. Given that the time of each captured image/frame is known (either through time stamp on photos or the constant frame rate of the video capture), it was, therefore, possible to estimate the sweat flow rate through a simple calibration model. The importance of gathering such valuable information is described, together with the results from a number of exercise trials to investigate the viability of this approach.
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    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) on behalf of The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
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  • 9
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    A Novel Analysis Technique for Transcutaneous Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate With Ultralow Dose Marker Concentrations (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Objective: A novel high-precision approach [lifetime-decomposition measurement (LTDM)] for the assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on clearance measurements of exogenous filtration marker. Methods: The time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) acquisition in combination with a new decomposition method allows the separation of signal and background from transcutaneous measurements of GFR. Results: The performance of LTDM is compared versus the commercially available NIC-kidney patch-based system for transcutaneous GFR measurement. Measurements are performed in awake Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Using the standard concentration required for the NIC-kidney system [7-mg/100-g body weight (b.w.) FITC-Sinistrin] as reference, the mean difference (bias) of the elimination curves GFR between LTDM and NIC-kidney was 4.8%. On the same animal and same day, the capability of LTDM to measure GFR with a FITC-Sinistrin dose reduced by a factor of 200 (35-μg/100-g b.w.) was tested as well. The mean differences (half lives with low dose using LTDM compared with those using first, the NIC-Kidney system and its standard concentration, and second, LTDM with the same concentration as for the NIC-Kidney system) were 3.4% and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrate that with the LTDM strategy substantial reductions in marker concentrations are possible at the same level of accuracy. Significance: LTDM aims to resolve the issue of the currently necessary large doses of fluorescence tracer required for transcutaneous GFR measurement. Due to substantially less influences from autofluorescence and artifacts, the proposed method outperforms other existing techniques for accurate percutaneous organ function measurement.
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  • 10
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    Tracking Neural Modulation Depth by Dual Sequential Monte Carlo Estimation on Point Processes for Brain–Machine Interfaces (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: Classic brain–machine interface (BMI) approaches decode neural signals from the brain responsible for achieving specific motor movements, which subsequently command prosthetic devices. Brain activities adaptively change during the control of the neuroprosthesis in BMIs, where the alteration of the preferred direction and the modulation of the gain depth are observed. The static neural tuning models have been limited by fixed codes, resulting in a decay of decoding performance over the course of the movement and subsequent instability in motor performance. To achieve stable performance, we propose a dual sequential Monte Carlo adaptive point process method, which models and decodes the gradually changing modulation depth of individual neuron over the course of a movement. We use multichannel neural spike trains from the primary motor cortex of a monkey trained to perform a target pursuit task using a joystick. Our results show that our computational approach successfully tracks the neural modulation depth over time with better goodness-of-fit than classic static neural tuning models, resulting in smaller errors between the true kinematics and the estimations in both simulated and real data. Our novel decoding approach suggests that the brain may employ such strategies to achieve stable motor output, i.e., plastic neural tuning is a feature of neural systems. BMI users may benefit from this adaptive algorithm to achieve more complex and controlled movement outcomes.
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    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) on behalf of The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
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