ALBERT

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Title description Full Access10 June 2023 About this title - The Green Stone Age: Exploration and Exploitation of Minerals for Green Technologies M. Smelror, K. Hanghøj, and H. Schiellerup https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526 Introduction Open Access5 May 2023 Entering the Green Stone Age – introduction Morten Smelror, Karen Hanghøj, and Henrik Schiellerup https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-312 The path to zero: how geology is part of the solution Open Access25 May 2022 Minerals for future technologies: how Germany copes with challenges Ralph Watzel https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-12 Open Access15 July 2022 Public geoscience solutions for diversifying Canada's critical mineral production Michael G. Gadd, Christopher J. M. Lawley, Louise Corriveau, Michel Houlé, Jan M. Peter, Alain Plouffe, Eric Potter, Anne-Aurélie Sappin, Jean-Luc Pilote, Geneviève Marquis, and Daniel Lebel https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2021-190 Open Access30 January 2023 European mineral intelligence – collecting, harmonizing and sharing data on European raw materials Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen, Antje Wittenberg, Eimear Deady, Špela Kumelj, and Jørgen Tulstrup https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-179 Full Access2 March 2023 Afghanistan's mineral fortune: prospects for fuelling a green transition? Thomas N. Hale and Saleem H. Ali https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-46 Open Access2 March 2023 Critical metals and minerals in the Nordic countries of Europe: diversity of mineralization and green energy potential Erik Jonsson, Tuomo Törmänen, Jakob Kløve Keiding, Terje Bjerkgård, Pasi Eilu, Jussi Pokki, Håvard Gautneb, Helge Reginiussen, Diogo Rosa, Martiya Sadeghi,... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-55 Full Access27 January 2023 Critical and energy transition minerals in Argentina: mineral potential and challenges for strengthening public institutions Diego I. Murguía and Ana Elizabeth Bastida https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-172 Open Access17 April 2023 Digging our way to a Just Transition Eoin McGrath, Eoin O'Donnell, and Koen Torremans https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-201 Exploration for critical minerals Open Access4 July 2022 New models to aid the discovery of critical raw material deposits for the Green Stone Age Anna Bidgood and Murray Hitzman https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-79 Open Access27 May 2022 GREENPEG – exploration for pegmatite minerals to feed the energy transition: first steps towards the Green Stone Age Axel Müller, Wolfgang Reimer, Frances Wall, Ben Williamson, Julian Menuge, Marco Brönner, Claudia Haase, Klaus Brauch, Claudia Pohl, Alexandre Lima, Ana Teodoro,... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2021-189 Full Access19 May 2022 The potential for REEs in igneous-related apatite deposits in Europe Sophie Decrée, Nolwenn Coint, Vinciane Debaille, Graham Hagen-Peter, Thierry Leduc, and Henrik Schiellerup https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2021-175 Open Access20 May 2022 A step towards meeting battery raw material demand: the geology and exploration of graphite deposits, examples from northern Norway Håvard Gautneb, Jan Steinar Rønning, and Bjørn Eskil Larsen https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2021-180 Full Access16 May 2022 Exploration and mining perspectives of the critical elements for green technologies in Ukraine Volodymyr A. Mykhailov, Oleksandr V. Hrinchenko, and Boris I. Malyuk https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2021-133 Exploration frontiers: seabed mineral deposits Full Access27 January 2023 MINDeSEA: exploring seabed mineral deposits in European seas, metallogeny and geological potential for strategic and critical raw materials Francisco J. González, Teresa Medialdea, Henrik Schiellerup, Irene Zananiri, Pedro Ferreira, Luis Somoza, Xavier Monteys, Trevor Alcorn, Egidio Marino, Ana B. Lobato,... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-150 Full Access18 July 2022 Marine minerals’ role in future holistic mineral resource management Steinar Løve Ellefmo, Nicole Aberle, Verena Hagspiel, Mats Ingulstad, and Kurt Aasly https://doi.org/10.1144/SP526-2022-30

Note: About this title - A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 2 T. Servais, D. A. T. Harper, B. Lefebvre, and I. G. Percival https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533 Introduction Full Access16 March 2023 A journey through the Ordovician System around the world Thomas Servais, David A. T. Harper, Bertrand Lefebvre, and Ian G. Percival https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2023-23 Articles Full Access28 November 2022 Ordovician geology of Alaska Julie A. Dumoulin, Justin V. Strauss, and John E. Repetski https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-39 Full Access6 February 2023 The Ordovician System in Greenland Svend Stouge, Christian M. Ø. Rasmussen, and David A. T. Harper https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-193 Full Access20 January 2023 The Ordovician System of Canada: an extensive stratigraphic record of Laurentian shallow water platforms and deep marine basins André Desrochers, Jisuo Jin, and Keith Dewing https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-151 Full Access1 February 2023 Ordovician of the conterminous United States Patrick I. McLaughlin and Alycia L. Stigall https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-198 Full Access8 February 2023 Ordovician stratigraphy and biota of Mexico Francisco Javier Cuen-Romero, Blanca Estela Buitrón-Sánchez, Matilde S. Beresi, Juan J. Palafox-Reyes, and Rogelio Monreal https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-19 Full Access6 January 2023 The Ordovician of southern South America Beatriz G. Waisfeld, Juan Luis Benedetto, Blanca A. Toro, Gustavo G. Voldman, Claudia V. Rubinstein, Susana Heredia, Mario L. Assine, N. Emilio Vaccari, and Hans Niemeyer https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-95 Full Access6 February 2023 The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review C. R. Penn-Clarke, C. Browning, and D. A. T. Harper https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-23 Open Access10 February 2023 The Ordovician record of North and West Africa: unravelling sea-level variations, Gondwana tectonics, and the glacial impact Jean-François Ghienne, Hussein Abdallah, Rémy Deschamps, Michel Guiraud, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco, Moussa Konaté, Guido Meinhold,… https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-213 Full Access15 February 2023 The Ordovician System in the Levant region (Middle East) and southern Turkey: review of depositional facies, fauna and stratigraphy Olaf Elicki, Tim Meischner, Semih Gürsu, Jean-François Ghienne, Ahmad Masri, Khaled Ali Moumani, and Huriye Demircan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-53 Full Access22 November 2022 The Ordovician of the Middle East (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour and Leonid E. Popov https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-149 Full Access19 December 2022 The Ordovician of Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour, Leonid E. Popov, Aleksey I. Kim, Zoja M. Abduazimova, Alexander V. Mikolaichuk, Irina A. Kim, Narima Ospanova, Maya V. Erina,… https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-52 Full Access1 March 2023 Ordovician of Kazakhstan Leonid Popov, Aidarkhan Zhylkaidarov, Vyacheslav Zhemchuzhnikov, Wladimir Stepanets, Nina Mikhailovna Gridina, and Rostislav Mikhailovich Antonyuk https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-245 Full Access6 January 2023 Ordovician strata of the Indian subcontinent Paul M. Myrow, Nigel C. Hughes, and Birendra P. Singh https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-3 Full Access10 March 2023 Regional synthesis of the Ordovician geology and stratigraphy of China Yuandong Zhang, Renbin Zhan, Yong Yi Zhen, Wenhui Wang, Yan Liang, Xiang Fang, Rongchang Wu, Kui Yan, Junpeng Zhang, and Wenjie Li https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-128 Full Access5 December 2022 The Ordovician of the Korean Peninsula: a synthesis Jeong-Hyun Lee, Se Hyun Cho, Suk-Joo Choh, Jongsun Hong, Byung-Su Lee, Dong-Chan Lee, Dong-Jin Lee, Seung-Bae Lee, Jino Park, and Jusun Woo https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-48 Full Access6 February 2023 Ordovician Japan: geotectonic setting and palaeogeography Yukio Isozaki https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-80 Full Access2 March 2023 Ordovician geology of the Sibumasu Block, SE Asia Sachiko Agematsu and Thura Oo https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-200 Full Access8 March 2023 Current knowledge of the Ordovician System in Antarctica Ian G. Percival, Richard A. Glen, and Yong Yi Zhen https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-116 Full Access16 March 2023 The Ordovician System in Australia and New Zealand Ian G. Percival, Yong Yi Zhen, and Leon Normore https://doi.org/10.1144/SP533-2022-265

Note: About this title - Ice Ages, Climate Dynamics and Biotic Events: the Late Pennsylvanian World S. G. Lucas, W. A. DiMichele, S. Opluštil, and X. Wang https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535 Introduction Full Access24 March 2023 An introduction to ice ages, climate dynamics and biotic events: the Late Pennsylvanian world Spencer G. Lucas, William A. DiMichele, Stanislav Opluštil, and Xiangdong Wang https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-334 Timescale Full Access16 February 2023 Timescale for the Kasimovian Stage Xiangdong Wang, Keyi Hu, and Ying Li https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-260 The Cantabrian Stage Open Access23 January 2023 The challenge of relating the Kasimovian to west European chronostratigraphy: a critical review of the Cantabrian and Barruelian substages of the Stephanian Stage John A. Knight, Christopher J. Cleal, and Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-189 Full Access16 February 2023 The Cantabrian Substage should be abandoned: revised chronostratigraphy of the Middle–Late Pennsylvanian boundary W. John Nelson, Spencer G. Lucas, and Scott D. Elrick https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-252 Full Access21 March 2023 Pennsylvanian-age plant macrofossil biostratigraphy in tropical Pangaea: uniformitarianism, catastrophes and the ‘Cantabrian’ problem Hermann W. Pfefferkorn https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-282 Geological context Full Access8 March 2023 Pennsylvanian glacial cycles in western Gondwana: an overview Roberto Iannuzzi, Mercedes M. di Pasquo, Fernando F. Vesely, Claiton M. S. Scherer, Luiz S. Andrade, Thammy Mottin, and Carrel Kifumbi https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-342 Full Access8 March 2023 A Carboniferous apex for the late Paleozoic icehouse N. Griffis, R. Mundil, I. Montañez, D. Le Heron, P. Dietrich, and R. Iannuzzi https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-256 Full Access10 January 2023 North American Midcontinent Pennsylvanian cyclothems and their implications Philip H. Heckel https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-182 Full Access16 February 2023 A global perspective of soil-forming conditions during the Late Pennsylvanian: potential stochastic forcing by geosphere–biosphere carbon pools Erik L. Gulbranson and Neil J. Tabor https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-279 Open Access9 January 2023 Dust and loess as archives and agents of climate and climate change in the late Paleozoic Earth system Gerilyn S. Soreghan, Nicholas G. Heavens, Lily S. Pfeifer, and Michael J. Soreghan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-208 Full Access11 January 2023 Middle–Late Pennsylvanian tectonosedimentary, climatic and biotic records in basins of Europe, NW Turkey and North Africa: an overview Stanislav Opluštil and Joerg W. Schneider https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-215 Palaeobotany Full Access25 January 2023 Kasimovian floristic change in tropical wetlands and the Middle–Late Pennsylvanian Boundary Event William A. DiMichele, Cortland F. Eble, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, Scott D. Elrick, W. John Nelson, and Spencer G. Lucas https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-228 Full Access27 February 2023 Vegetational change during the Middle–Late Pennsylvanian transition in western Pangaea Sandra Schachat, Andrés Baresch, Thu Bui, Howard J. Falcon-Lang, Dan S. Chaney, W. John Nelson, Scott D. Elrick, Hans Kerp, Spencer G. Lucas, and William A. DiMichele https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-281 Open Access1 March 2023 Physiological selectivity and plant–environment feedbacks during Middle and Late Pennsylvanian plant community transitions Jonathan Paul Wilson, Gabriel Oppler, Elizabeth Reikowski, Jessica Smart, Charles Marquardt, and Brian Keller https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-204 Invertebrate palaeontology Full Access15 December 2022 Evolutionary patterns in Late Pennsylvanian conodonts James E. Barrick, Nicholas J. Hogancamp, and Steven J. Rosscoe https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-139 Full Access20 January 2023 Biostratigraphy and biofacies of the Kasimovian conodonts from the Shanglong section, South China Keyi Hu, Xiangdong Wang, and Yuping Qi https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-173 Full Access23 December 2022 Ecological and evolutionary responses of terrestrial arthropods to Middle–Late Pennsylvanian environmental change Michael P. Donovan, Sandra R. Schachat, and Pedro M. Monarrez https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-209 Vertebrate palaeontology Full Access17 January 2023 Middle to Late Pennsylvanian tetrapod evolution: the Kasimovian bottleneck Spencer G. Lucas https://doi.org/10.1144/SP535-2022-216

Note: About this title - Volcanic Processes in the Sedimentary Record: When Volcanoes Meet the Environment Full Access12 April 2023 A. Di Capua, R. De Rosa, G. Kereszturi, E. Le Pera, M. Rosi, and S. F. L. Watt https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520 Introduction Full Access3 February 2023 From volcanoes to sedimentary systems Andrea Di Capua, Rosanna De Rosa, Gabor Kereszturi, Emilia Le Pera, Mauro Rosi, and Sebastian F. L. Watt https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2022-303 Particle generation and transport in volcanically influenced sedimentary systems Volcanically-derived deposits and sequences: a unified terminological scheme for application in modern and ancient environments Full Access11 October 2022 Andrea Di Capua, Rosanna De Rosa, Gabor Kereszturi, Emilia Le Pera, Mauro Rosi, and Sebastian F. L. Watt https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-201 Subaerial volcaniclastic deposits – influences of initiation mechanisms and transport behaviour on characteristics and distributions Open Access12 July 2022 Jon J. Major https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-142 Magma–rock interactions: a review of their influence on magma rising processes with emphasis on short-timescale assimilation of carbonate rocks Full Access31 May 2022 M. Knuever, R. Sulpizio, D. Mele, and A. Costa https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-177 Sedimentation associated with glaciovolcanism: a review Full Access1 March 2022 John Laidlaw Smellie https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-135 Volcano-sedimentary processes at Las Derrumbadas rhyolitic twin domes, Serdán-Oriental Basin, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Full Access31 January 2022 Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud, Corentin Chédeville, Ángel Nahir Molina-Guadarrama, Julio Cesar Pineda-Serrano, and Claus Siebe https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-144 A channelized debris-avalanche deposit from Pirongia basaltic stratovolcano, New Zealand Full Access17 September 2021 Oliver Emerson McLeod and Adrian Pittari https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2020-222 The influence of volcanic supply on the composition of modern river sands: the case study of the Ofanto River, southern Italy Full Access22 November 2021 Mariano Tenuta, Paola Donato, Rocco Dominici, and Rosanna De Rosa https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-89 Provenance controls on volcaniclastic beach sand: example from the Aeolian archipelago, Mediterranean Sea Full Access18 November 2021 Consuele Morrone, Emilia Le Pera, Kathleen M. Marsaglia, and Rosanna De Rosa https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-91 Weathering on volcanic edifices under semiarid climates: insights from a regional assessment of the composition of Fogo Island regoliths (Cape Verde) Full Access23 September 2021 Marina Cabral Pinto, Pedro A. Dinis, Denise Pitta Groz, Rosa Marques, Maria Isabel Prudêncio, Rui Moura, Fernando Tavares Rocha, and Eduardo Ferreira da Silva https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-61 Processes controlling volcanic and epiclastic reservoir formation in a buried polygenetic stratocone Full Access14 December 2021 Alan Bischoff, Jessica Fensom, Huafeng Tang, Marcos Rossetti, and Andrew Nicol https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-137 Geodynamics and progradation of volcaniclastic sequences through sedimentary systems Temporal and spatial significance of volcanic particles in sand(stone): implications for provenance and palaeotectonic reconstructions Full Access30 August 2022 Salvatore Critelli, Sara Criniti, Raymond V. Ingersoll, and William Cavazza https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2022-99 Igneous and sedimentary ‘limestones’: the puzzling challenge of a converging classification Open Access25 November 2021 Francesco Stoppa, Simonetta Cirilli, Andrea Sorci, Sam Broom-Fendley, Claudia Principe, Maria Grazia Perna, and Gianluigi Rosatelli https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-120 Non-marine environments Controls on sediment distribution in a volcanically-affected basin: insights from the Ethiopian Flood Basalt Province Full Access8 October 2021 Simon R. Passey, Charlotte Elizabeth McLean, and Dereje Ayalew https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-70 Volcaniclastic sedimentation in a closed, marginal rift basin: the case of the Melka Kunture area (upper Awash, Ethiopia) Full Access23 January 2023 L. Pioli, R. T. Melis, and M. Mussi https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2022-158 From ‘source to sink’ to ‘sink to source’: a review of volcanic fluvial and lacustrine successions in Japan Full Access9 January 2023 Kyoko S. Kataoka https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2022-171 Assessing woody vegetation recovery in the Rayas River following the eruption of the Chaitén Volcano in 2008 Full Access14 February 2022 Héctor Ulloa, Bruno Mazzorana, Andrés Iroumé, and Susana Paula https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2020-261 Volcaniclastic lacustrine sedimentation in the Pleistocene Guayllabamba intermontane basin in the Ecuadorian Andes Full Access11 January 2022 German Martin-Merino, Matteo Roverato, and Rafael Almeida https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-66 Evidence of the Early Holocene eruptive activity of Volcán de Colima and the 8.2 kyr global climatic event in lacustrine sediments from a debris avalanche-dammed lake Full Access8 October 2021 Lucia Capra, Matteo Roverato, Juan Pablo Bernal, and Abel Cortés https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-63 Physical and chemical depositional processes when volcanoes meet lacustrine environments: the Cretaceous Imjado Volcanics, Jeungdo, southwestern Korea Full Access23 September 2021 Yong Sik Gihm https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-65 Marine environments Volcano–air–sea interactions in a coastal tuff ring, Jeju Island, Korea Open Access15 September 2021 Young Kwan Sohn, Chanwoo Sohn, Woo Seok Yoon, Jong Ok Jeong, Seok-Hoon Yoon, and Hyeongseong Cho https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-52 Volcaniclastic deposits and sedimentation processes around volcanic ocean islands: the central Azores Full Access4 November 2021 Yu-Chun Chang, Neil C. Mitchell, Thor H. Hansteen, Julie C. Schindlbeck-Belo, and Armin Freundt https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-62 Marine carbonate sedimentation in volcanic settings Full Access30 November 2021 Stephen W. Lokier https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2020-251 Tephra layers in the marine environment: a review of properties and emplacement processes Open Access6 December 2021 Armin Freundt, Julie C. Schindlbeck-Belo, Steffen Kutterolf, and Jenni L. Hopkins https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2021-50 Environmental responses to eruptions: eruptions, climate and sedimentation Rapid changes from arid to humid conditions during the onset of the Paraná–Etendeka Igneous Province: can volcanic gas emissions from continental flood basalts affect the precipitation regime? Full Access24 September 2021 Vinicius Godoi Pereira da Cruz, Evandro Fernandes de Lima, Lucas de Magalhaes May Rossetti, and Natalia Gauer Pasqualon https://doi.org/10.1144/SP520-2020-176

Note: Title description Full Access22 March 2023 About this title - Straits and Seaways: Controls, Processes and Implications in Modern and Ancient Systems V. M. Rossi, S. G. Longhitano, C. Olariu, and F. L. Chiocci https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523 Introduction Full Access20 January 2023 Straits and seaways: controls, processes and implications in modern and ancient systems Valentina Marzia Rossi, Sergio G. Longhitano, Cornel Olariu, and Francesco L. Chiocci https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2022-271 Articles Open Access8 March 2022 A review of the morphology, physical processes and deposits of modern straits Robert W. Dalrymple https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-76 Open Access11 January 2023 Straits and seaways: end members within the continuous spectrum of the dynamic connection between basins Valentina Marzia Rossi, Sergio G. Longhitano, Cornel Olariu, and Francesco L. Chiocci https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2022-159 Full Access3 February 2022 The dire straits of Paratethys: gateways to the anoxic giant of Eurasia Dan V. Palcu and Wout Krijgsman https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-73 Full Access20 January 2022 The opening and closure of oceanic seaways during the Cenozoic: pacemaker of global climate change? André Bahr, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, and Cyrus Karas https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-54 Open Access7 December 2022 A shallow-water dunefield in a microtidal, wind-dominated strait (Stintino, NW Sardinia, Italy) S. Andreucci, A. Santonastaso, M. De Luca, S. Cappucci, A. Cucco, G. Quattrocchi, and V. Pascucci https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-188 Full Access17 October 2022 Bedforms of Bonifacio Strait (Western Mediterranean): hydrodynamics, coastal outline, supply and sediment distribution Giacomo Deiana, Valentino Demurtas, and Paolo Emanuele Orrù https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2022-10 Full Access20 January 2022 Morphology and Late Pleistocene–Holocene sedimentation of the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus): a review M. Namık Çağatay, K. Kadir Eriş, and Zeynep Erdem https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-48 Full Access27 January 2022 Large- and medium-scale morphosedimentary features of the Messina Strait: insights into bottom-current-controlled sedimentation and interaction with downslope processes E. Martorelli, D. Casalbore, F. Falcini, A. Bosman, F. G. Falese, and F. L. Chiocci https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-77 Full Access8 December 2022 Grain-size analysis of the Late Pleistocene sediments in the Corinth Rift: insights into strait-influenced hydrodynamics and provenance of an active rift basin Wenjun Kang, Shunli Li, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Mary Ford, Richard E. Ll. Collier, Xinghe Yu, Liliane Janikian, Casey W. Nixon, Romain Hemelsdaël, Spyros Sergiou, Jack Gillespie,... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2022-166 Full Access26 April 2022 Stratigraphic architecture, sedimentology and structure of the Middle Pleistocene Corinth Canal (Greece) Basile Caterina, Romain Rubi, and Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-143 Full Access18 May 2022 Channel, dune and sand sheet architectures of a strait-adjacent delta, Rifian Corridor, Morocco Daan Beelen, Lesli Joy Wood, Mohamed Najib Zaghloul, Sebastian Cardona, and Michiel Arts https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-49 Open Access11 October 2022 A new interpretation for the Pliensbachian Cook Formation (northern North Sea) as north–south-prograding tidal deltas and shelf ridges in the Early Jurassic Seaway: new model of linkage to the Norwegian Sea Atle Folkestad and Ronald J. Steel https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-75 Full Access17 January 2022 Early Pliocene marine transgression into the lower Colorado River valley, southwestern USA, by re-flooding of a former tidal strait Rebecca J. Dorsey, Juan Carlos Braga, Kevin Gardner, Kristin McDougall, and Brennan O'Connell https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-57 Full Access20 May 2022 Palaeostrait tectonosedimentary facies during late Cenozoic microplate rifting and dispersal in the western Mediterranean William Cavazza and Sergio G. Longhitano https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-95 Full Access8 March 2022 Sedimentary dynamics and topographic controls on the tidal-dominated Zagra Strait, Early Tortonian, Betic Cordillera, Spain Ángel Puga-Bernabéu, Juan Carlos Braga, Julio Aguirre, and José Manuel Martín https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-85 Full Access26 January 2022 Tectonic control on the palaeogeographical evolution of the Miocene Seaway along the Western Alpine foreland basin Amir Kalifi, Philippe Sorrel, Philippe-Hervé Leloup, Albert Galy, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Séverine Russo, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-78 Full Access28 November 2022 Facies partitioning of fluvial, wave, and tidal influences across the shoreline-to-shelf architecture in the Western Interior Campanian Seaway, USA Keith P. Minor, Anton Wroblewski, Ronald J. Steel, Cornel Olariu, and Jeff P. Crabaugh https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2022-11

Note: About this title - Quaternary Geoarchaeology of India N. Tiwari, V. Singh, and S. B. Mehra https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515 Introduction Full Access22 December 2022 An introduction to Quaternary geoarchaeology of India Nupur Tiwari, Vivek Singh, and Shashi B. Mehra https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2022-218 Landscape geoarchaeology Full Access16 July 2021 Acheulian artefacts and tephra from Upland Western Maharashtra (Deccan Volcanic Province), Peninsular India Sushama G. Deo, Andre Baptista, and Sharad N. Rajaguru https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-208 Spatial distribution of Palaeolithic sites in relation to raw material sources in the central Narmada Valley, India Full Access26 May 2021 Vivek Singh https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-199 Absence does not mean absence: modern-day land use and the visibility of the archaeological record (the Kibbanahalli Palaeolithic Complex, southern India) Full Access26 May 2021 Akash Srinivas https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-76 Doma: a new multi-technological lithic occurrence in the Lower Son Valley (north-central India) and its regional context Full Access18 June 2021 Shashi B. Mehra https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-205 Palaeolithic assemblages associated with Youngest Toba Tuff deposits from the upper Gundlakamma River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India Full Access20 January 2022 Devara Anil, Ajithprasad Pottentavida, and Vrushab Mahesh https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-187 Late Pleistocene microlithic industries in the Ayodhya Hills, Purulia, West Bengal: insights from geoarchaeological exploration Full Access1 July 2021 Bishnupriya Basak, Sujit Dasgupta, and Ashis K. Paul https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-181 Understanding geo-archaeology in Trans-Himalaya: a case study based on lithic assemblages from Dzamathang, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India Full Access30 November 2021 Ekta Singh, Raman Patel, and Rakesh Chandra Bhatt https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-108 New evidence of Neolithic industries from the West Garo Hills, northeastern India Full Access28 November 2022 Tosabanta Padhan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-203 Applications in geoarchaeology Full Access20 December 2022 New field observations on the Quaternary geology and vertebrate palaeontological occurrences in the Narsinghpur region of Narmada valley (central India) Ravish Lal, Tosabanta Padhan, Bharti Jangra, Parth R. Chauhan, Shivam Sahu, and Rajeev Patnaik https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-243 Prehistoric landscapes, humans and ostriches: highlighting geoarchaeological issues in the Tapi Basin of Maharashtra (west-central India) – a multidisciplinary approach Full Access11 October 2021 Prabhin Sukumaran, Hong-Chun Li, Jih-Pai Lin, and Parth R. Chauhan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-206 Microlithic occurrences associated with sediments dated to terminal Pleistocene–Late Holocene in the central Narmada Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India Full Access9 November 2022 Nupur Tiwari, P. Morthekai, K. Krishnan, and Parth R. Chauhan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2022-153 Late Holocene climate variability and its impact on cultural dynamics in central India Full Access22 August 2022 Diptimayee Behera, Praveen K. Mishra, Pandurang Sabale, Sharmila Bhattacharya, and Ambili Anoop https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-220 New insights into the geological evolution of palaeorivers and their relationship to the Indus Civilization and Early Historic settlements on the plains of Haryana, NW India Full Access4 November 2021 Apurva Alok, N. C. Pant, Kaushik Das, Y. Tsutsumi, C. A. Petrie, Pankaj Kumar, Sundeep Chopra, H. S. Saini, and Abul Amir Khan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-161 Reviews Chrono-contextual issues at open-air Pleistocene vertebrate fossil sites of central and peninsular India and implications for Indian palaeoanthropology Full Access23 September 2022 Parth R. Chauhan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2021-29 Interrelation between Palaeolithic and faunal remains in the central Narmada Valley, India Full Access27 September 2022 Bharti Jangra and Vivek Singh https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2022-105 Scratching the surface(s): examining the complexity of geological contexts for the Palaeolithic of the Sonar Basin, Madhya Pradesh Full Access9 March 2022 Yezad Pardiwalla https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-234 A review of Palaeolithic sites associated with gravel deposits in India Full Access22 April 2022 Anubhav Preet Kaur https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-196 Human–environment interactions during the mid-late Holocene and the Anthropocene – lessons from NW Indian plains and Bengal Delta Full Access26 October 2021 Yama Dixit and Sravani Biswas https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-122 Geoarchaeology in India in the 21st Century: an Outsider's Perspective Full Access3 June 2021 Robin Dennell https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-202 Retraction Late Quaternary sediments dated to between 12.5 and 2.3 ka and associated microlithic occurrences in the central Narmada Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India Full Access14 July 2021 Nupur Tiwari, P. Morthekai, K. Krishnan, and Parth R. Chauhan https://doi.org/10.1144/SP515-2020-216

Note: About this title - Ichnology in Shallow-marine and Transitional Environments C. Cónsole-Gonella, S. de Valais, I. Díaz-Martínez, P. Citton, M. Verde, and D. McIlroy https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522 Introduction Full Access8 March 2023 The ichnology of shallow-marine and transitional environments Carlos Cónsole-Gonella, Silvina de Valais, Ignacio Díaz-Martínez, Paolo Citton, Mariano Verde, and Duncan McIlroy https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2022-344 Articles Full Access22 December 2021 High-resolution geophysical imaging of reptile burrows (San Salvador rock iguana, the Bahamas): implications for ichnology and conservation ecology Ilya V. Buynevich, Thomas A. Rothfus, H. Allen Curran, Hayden A. Thacker, Rosa Peronace, Karen A. Kopcznski, and Perry L. Gnivecki https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-80 Full Access7 December 2022 The possible actiniarian sea anemone burrow Bergaueria hemispherica from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of the Lusitanian Basin (Central Portugal) Carlos Neto de Carvalho and Ricardo Paredes https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2022-7 Full Access22 December 2021 Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849) in Bahamian Pleistocene carbonates: a shallowest-marine indicator H. Allen Curran and Bosiljka Glumac https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-69 Full Access9 February 2022 All post-Cambrian ichnospecies of Psammichnites Torell, 1870 belong to Olivellites Fenton and Fenton, 1937b Pablo J. Pazos and Carolina Gutiérrez https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-102 Full Access13 May 2022 Bored log-grounds by teredinid bivalves in marine deposits from the Monos Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in central Cuba Jorge Villegas-Martín, Claudia Inés Serrano-Brañas, Reinaldo Rojas-Consuegra, Alberto Arano-Ruiz, Mariano Verde, and Carlos Rafael Borges-Sellen https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-125 Full Access30 March 2022 Glossifungites suites and tubular tempestites in Devonian shallow-marine deposits from Paraná Basin Daniel Sedorko, Renata G. Netto, Jorge Villegas-Martín, Sudipta Dasgupta, Francisco M. W. Tognoli, Josiane Plantz, Thiago Carelli, and Leonardo Borghi https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-113 Full Access20 September 2022 Ichnoassemblages from the Wilcox Formation in the Burgos Basin, northeastern Mexico María I. Hernández-Ocaña, Felipe Torres de la Cruz, Elizabeth Chacón Baca, Samuel Eguiluz de Antuñano, and Gabriel Chávez-Cabello https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-185 Full Access6 March 2023 Ichnological analysis and depositional setting of late Miocene marginal marine deposits from the Tafna Basin (northwestern Algeria) Mostapha Benzina, Amine Cherif, Mohammed Nadir Naimi, Hakim Hebib, and Mustapha Bensalah https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2022-275 Full Access1 February 2022 Exotic facies episodes of a carbonate platform: implications for middle and late Cambrian ecosystems and impact of bioturbation in the Alborz Basin, Iran Aram Bayet-Goll, Mehdi Daraei, Gerd Geyer, Carlos Neto de Carvalho, and Nasrin Bahrami https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2020-269 Full Access22 November 2022 Departures from the archetypal deltaic ichnofacies James A. MacEachern and Kerrie L. Bann https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2022-56 Full Access28 July 2022 Unusual sauropod slipping tracks preserved on a biostabilized tidal flat from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Patagonia, Argentina Arturo M. Heredia, Pablo J. Pazos, and Diana E. Fernández https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-136 Full Access30 August 2022 Dinosaur tracks in a Cretaceous (lower Albian) braid delta system (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, western Pyrenees): linking trace fossils suites and short-term preservation windows Ignacio Díaz-Martínez, Mikel A. López-Horgue, Luis M. Agirrezabala, Carlos Cónsole-Gonella, and Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-197 Full Access5 January 2022 Defining the Bemaraha megatracksite: an update on dinosaur ichnology in Madagascar Alexander Wagensommer, Rainer Dolch, Tiana Ratolojanahary, Simon Donato, and Simone D'Orazi Porchetti https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-86 Full Access27 April 2022 The megatracksite phenomenon: implications for tetrapod palaeobiology across terrestrial-shallow-marine transitional zones Martin G. Lockley and Christian A. Meyer https://doi.org/10.1144/SP522-2021-164

Note: Title description Full Access10 May 2023 About this title - A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 1 D. A. T. Harper, B. Lefebvre, I. G. Percival, and T. Servais https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532 Introduction Full Access10 March 2023 The Ordovician System: Key concepts, events and its distribution across Europe David A. T. Harper, Bertrand Lefebvre, Ian G. Percival, and Thomas Servais https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2023-8 Conceptualizing the Ordovician Period Open Access24 January 2023 A short history of the Ordovician System: from overlapping unit stratotypes to global stratotype sections and points David A. T. Harper, Tõnu Meidla, and Thomas Servais https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-285 Open Access15 December 2022 Ordovician biostratigraphy: index fossils, biozones and correlation Daniel Goldman, Stephen A. Leslie, Yan Liang, and Stig M. Bergström https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-49 Open Access9 January 2023 Ordovician cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology Matthias Sinnesael https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-31 Full Access3 March 2023 Ordovician tephra distribution, tephrochronology and geochronology Patrick I. McLaughlin, Leon Normore, Bryan K. Sell, and Jahandar Ramezani https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-267 Full Access28 February 2023 Ordovician plate tectonic and palaeogeographical maps Christopher R. Scotese https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-311 Full Access10 March 2023 Changing palaeobiogeography during the Ordovician Period Thomas Servais, David A. T. Harper, Björn Kröger, Christopher Scotese, Alycia L. Stigall, and Yong-Yi Zhen https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-168 Full Access20 January 2023 Seawater signatures of Ordovician climate and environment Seth A. Young, Cole T. Edwards, Leho Ainsaar, Anders Lindskog, and Matthew R. Saltzman https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-258 Full Access15 December 2022 The Ordovician ocean circulation: a modern synthesis based on data and models Alexandre Pohl, Elise Nardin, Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke, and Yannick Donnadieu https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-1 Open Access10 November 2022 Terrestrialization in the Ordovician Charles H. Wellman, Borja Cascales-Miñana, and Thomas Servais https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-92 The Ordovician System in Europe Open Access8 February 2023 A synopsis of the Ordovician System in its birthplace – Britain and Ireland Stewart G. Molyneux, David A. T. Harper, Mark R. Cooper, Steven Philip Hollis, Robert J. Raine, Adrian W. A. Rushton, M. Paul Smith, Philip Stone, Mark Williams, ... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-235 Open Access18 January 2023 The Ordovician of Scandinavia: a revised regional stage classification Arne Thorshøj Nielsen, Per Ahlberg, Jan Ove R. Ebbestad, Øyvind Hammer, David Alexander Taylor Harper, Anders Lindskog, Christian Mac Ørum Rasmussen, and Svend Stouge https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-157 Open Access18 November 2022 Ordovician of the Eastern Baltic palaeobasin and the Tornquist Sea margin of Baltica Tõnu Meidla, Leho Ainsaar, Olle Hints, and Sigitas Radzevičius https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-141 Full Access6 December 2022 Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Record of the Ordovician System in Poland: a Review Wiesław Trela https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-109 Full Access14 February 2023 The Ordovician of France and neighbouring areas of Belgium and Germany Bertrand Lefebvre, J. Javier Álvaro, Josep Maria Casas, Jean-François Ghienne, Alain Herbosch, Alfredo Loi, Eric Monceret, Jacques Verniers, Muriel Vidal, Daniel Vizcaïno, and Thomas Servais https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-268 Full Access24 November 2022 The Ordovician of Sardinia (Italy): from the ‘Sardic Phase’ to the end-Ordovician glaciation, palaeogeography and geodynamic context Alfredo Loi, Fabrizio Cocco, Giacomo Oggiano, Antonio Funedda, Muriel Vidal, Annalisa Ferretti, Francesco Leone, Sebastiano Barca, Stefano Naitza, Jean-François Ghienne, and Gian Luigi Pillola https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-121 Full Access8 February 2023 Ordovician of the Bohemian Massif Petr Kraft, Ulf Linnemann, Michal Mergl, Jana Bruthansová, Lukáš Laibl, and Gerd Geyer https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-191 Full Access16 January 2023 A global view on the Ordovician stratigraphy of southeastern Europe Annalisa Ferretti, Hans Peter Schönlaub, Valeri Sachanski, Gabriella Bagnoli, Enrico Serpagli, Gian Battista Vai, Slavcho Yanev, Miloš Radonjić, Constantin Balica, Luca Bianchini, ... https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-174

Note: Contents About IFLA Preface / Susan Reilly Acknowledgements / Jessica Coates, Victoria Owen and Susan Reilly Part I: Copyright Basics 1 Foundations of Copyright / Tom Cochrane 2 Fundamentals of Modern Copyright / Jessica Coates Part II: User Rights and the Public Interest 3 With Respect to Rights – In the Public Interest / Victoria Owen 4 Why Libraries Need Limitations and Exceptions / Jonathan Band and Brandon Butler 5 Applications of Limitations and Exceptions in Higher Education in the European Union / David Meehan 6 The Public Domain and Libraries: History, Contexts, Threats and Opportunities / Lise Brin and Mark Swartz 7 Unintended Consequences of the Digital Shift / Christina de Castell 8 Rights Issues in the Digitization of Library Collections / Sara Benson 9 International Copyright Issues in Digital Preservation / Sara Klein and Jessica Whyte Part III: International Developments: the Case for Library Engagement 10 WIPO, Copyright and Libraries / Stephen Wyber 11 Success for People with Print Disabilities: The Marrakesh Treaty / Justus Dreyling and Teresa Hackett 12 A New Form of Contract: International Free Trade Agreements / Anubha Sinha 13 Copyright Education and Information Literacy / Chris Morrison and Jane Secker 14 Copyright Reform In South Africa from a Librarian’s Perspective: A Case Study Approach / Denise Rosemary Nicholson Part 4: Emerging Issues in Copyright 15 Taking Control of the Future: Towards Workable Elending / Rebecca Giblin and Kimberlee Weatherall 16 Creative Commons and Open Access in an Academic Library: Implementation, Tools, Policy and Education / Timothy Vollmer 17 Use of Filters by Online Intermediaries and the Rights of Users: Developments in the European Union, Mexico, India and China / Zoi Krokida 18 Navigating Respectful Practice to Support Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights in Australian Libraries / Kirsten Thorpe and Lauren Booker 19 User-Generated Content: Tensions Between Freedom of Expression and Copyright / Amalia Toledo and Sydney Mai-Yen Sheridan 20 Artificial Intelligence and Text and Data Mining: Future Rules for Libraries? / H. Andres Izquierdo Contributors

Note: Contents Chang, S.-G. and Zheng, D. / Mesozoic biological events and ecosystems in East Asia: introduction Clues and evidence from vertebrate fossils Zhou, C.-F., Wang, X. and Wang, J. / First evidence for tooth–tooth occlusion in a ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota Yang, T.-R. and Sander, P. M. / The reproductive biology of oviraptorosaurs: a synthesis Pei, R. and Xu, X. / New prospects on the cranial evolution of non-avialan paravian theropods based on geometric morphometrics Clues and evidence from invertebrate and plant fossils Zhang, Q., Zheng, D., Wang, B. and Zhang, H. / A review of Triassic insects in China Chen, J. / True hopper fossils (Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha) in the Jurassic to Cretaceous of eastern Asia and their evolutionary implications Cui, D.-F., Hou, Y., Yin, P. and Wang, X. / A Jurassic flower bud from China Peng, J., Slater, S. M. and Vajda, V. / A Late Triassic vegetation record from the Huangshanjie Formation, Junggar Basin, China: possible evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode Liao, H. / Clam shrimp of the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota in China Wang, H., Du, S., Yu, T., Li, S., Lu, H., Zhang, H., Cao, M. and Horne, D. J. / Ostracods from the Pingyi Basin (eastern China) and their significance for the K/Pg boundary Significant fossils from amber Zhang, Q. and Zhang, J. / New record of Zhangsolva Nagatomi and Yang, 1998 (Diptera, Zhangsolvidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and its implications Yu, Y., Hu, G., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Jiang, W., Rasnitsyn, A. P., Zhang, H. and Zhang, Q. / New material for Peleserphidae (Proctotrupoidea, Hymenoptera) in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber Yu, T. / New data on gastropod genus Hirsuticyclus (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber Jarzembowski, E. A., Zheng, D. and Zhao, X. / Is the beetle Omma (Insecta: Coleoptera) a living fossil? Zheng, D., Jarzembowski, E. A., Zhuo, D. and Nel, A. / Protohemiphlebiidae fam. nov., a stem hemiphlebioid damselfly from Cretaceous amber in Kachin Paleoenvironments and paleoecosystems Zhao, X., Zheng, D., Wang, H., Fang, Y., Xue, N. and Zhang, H. / Carbon cycle perturbation and mercury anomalies in terrestrial Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b from Jiuquan Basin, NW China Li, T., Yang, X.-J. and Zhu, Y.-B. / Estimates of late Albian atmospheric CO2 based on stomata of Pseudofrenelopsis from Jilin Province, NE China Wang, J., Zhou, C.-F., Jourdan, F. and Chang, S.-C. / Jehol fossils from the Jiaolai Basin of Shandong, North China: review and new perspectives Wang, J., Yuan, Y., Zhang, D. and Chang, S.-C. / Detrital zircon geochronology of Late Cretaceous successions in the Ganzhou Basin, South China: evidence of a major tectonic transition Index

Note: Contents Part I Defining the Problem 1 Introduction 1.1 A Comment on the Guide 1.2 If You Are Studying for a PhD 1.3 If You Are a PhD Supervisor or PhD Course Coordinator 1.4 If You Are a Concerned Friend or Family Member References 2 Challenging Perceptions: What Is Mental Health Anyway? 2.1 The Mental Health Continuum 2.2 Barriers to Seeking Help 2.3 Recognising the Signs 2.4 Helping Others 2.5 What Mental Health Isn’t 2.6 To Declare or Not to Declare?: That Is the Question References 3 Setting the Scene: Understanding the PhD Mental Health Crisis 3.1 Exploring the Data 3.2 What Is the Cause? 3.3 Research Culture 3.4 The Ups and Downs of the PhD Journey 3.5 There Is Hope References Part II Mindset Matters 4 Self-Care: Without You There Is No PhD 4.1 Setting the Foundations 4.2 Establishing a Good Sleep Schedule 4.3 Eat Nutritious Food 4.4 Physical Exercise 4.5 Managing Finances 4.6 Examples of Self-Care 4.7 Putting Self-Care in Context of a PhD 4.8 Acknowledging There May Be a Problem: Addiction 4.9 Setting Boundaries 4.10 What to Do If You Reach Burnout 4.11 Navigating Self-Care as a Part-Time PhD Student References 5 Not Another Yoga Session: University Wellbeing Programs and Why They so Often Miss the Mark 5.1 Reactive Not Proactive 5.2 Trying Something New 5.3 Building Resilience 5.4 The Darker Side of Resilience References 6 “I’ll Read It Later” and Other Lies We Tell Ourselves: Managing Expectations and Guilt 6.1 Starting Out 6.2 Changing the World 6.3 Planning Your PhD 6.4 You Are Entitled to (and Deserve) Breaks 6.5 Becoming an Expert 6.6 First Time Failing 6.7 Be Grateful (or Else) 6.8 Productivity and Time Management 6.9 Prioritising References 7 Why You Earned It: Fighting the Impostor 7.1 Understanding the Value You Bring 7.2 Receiving Recognition 7.3 Receiving Critique 7.4 Comparing Yourself With Others 7.5 Asking for Help 7.6 Redefining Your Self-Worth 7.7 Perfectionism 7.8 Email ‘Anxiety’ 7.9 Presentation Nerves 7.10 Fighting Back 7.11 Discriminatory Gaslighting References Part III Environmental Stressors 8 Dismantling the Ivory Tower: Systemic Issues That Might Impact Your Mental Health 8.1 The Ivory Tower 8.2 Systemic Racism 8.3 Gender Discrimination 8.4 Sexual Harassment 8.5 Bullying 8.6 LGBT+ Discrimination 8.7 Being “First Generation” 8.8 Classism 8.9 Financial Concerns 8.10 Ableism, Disability and Neurodivergence 8.11 Ageism 8.12 Isolation and Culture Shock 8.13 A Comment on Intersectionality 8.14 Changing the Research Culture 8.15 In the Meantime, What Can You Do? 8.16 Finding Light in a Dark Place References 9 Perhaps It’s Not You It’s Them: PhD Student-Supervisor Relationships 9.1 Choosing Your Supervisor 9.2 The Role of a PhD Supervisor 9.3 Understanding What Makes a Supportive Supervisor 9.4 At Odds 9.5 The Flaw in the System 9.6 Identifying Your Supervisor’s Working Style 9.7 Pervasive, Damaging Biases 9.8 When Things Go Seriously Wrong (and It Is Definitely not Your Fault) 9.9 What You Can Do If Your Supervisor Is Abusive 9.10 Effective Communication 9.11 What to Do if You Have a Disagreement References 10 Publish or Perish: On the Myth of Meritocracy 10.1 It Is Not an Equal Playing Field 10.2 The Publication Process 10.3 Managing Reviewer 2 10.4 Publishing Options 10.5 Who Is Perishing, Anyway? 10.6 Perfectionism 10.7 Writing Your Thesis 10.8 Research Misconduct 10.9 What to Do if You Realise Research Misconduct Is Happening References 11 The High-Walled Rose Garden: Understanding There Is Life Outside the Academy 11.1 So What Does This Mean for You and Surviving Your PhD? 11.2 Finding Out What You Truly Enjoy 11.3 Reframing Your Skillsets 11.4 Transitioning from Your PhD 11.5 Debunking the Myths 11.6 Should I Stay or Should I Go? References Part IV Seeking Help 12 Thriving, Not Just Surviving 12.1 Identifying the Problem Set 12.2 Sharing the Hypothesis with Others 12.3 Conversation Starters 12.4 Finding a Support Network 12.5 Online Communities 12.6 Speaking About Your Mental Health with Your PhD Superviso 12.7 Lack of Understanding 12.8 Seeking External Assistance to Achieve Your Goal 12.9 If You Are at Crisis Point 12.10 The Elephant in the Room 12.11 Leading the Change 12.12 Not Just Surviving References Resources

Note: Inhalt Vorwort Der Aufbau dieses Buches Rechts- oder Linkshänder? Übungsdateien und Hilfe 1 Von der Idee zum Bericht Entwurf von Modellen und deren Dokumentation Planungsmethode und Lösungsentwicklung Praxisbeispiel Aufbereiten der Daten und Aufbau der Lösung Verwaltung der Daten 2 Entdecken Sie die Möglichkeiten von PivotTables und PivotCharts Lassen sich alle Daten mit PivotTables auswerten? Die verschiedenen Wege zu einer PivotTable Diese Prozessschritte führen Sie zu einem Pivot-Bericht Jetzt erstellen Sie eine PivotTable So verschieben Sie im Layoutbereich die Felder blitzschnell Darstellung der PivotTable ändern Gruppierung von Elementen in einer PivotTable Wie Datentypen die Gruppierung beeinflussen Eine Gruppierung aufheben Feldbeschriftungen in PivotTables und PivotCharts So erweitern Sie die PivotTable und verändern die Feldanordnung Mehrere Felder im Wertebereich Mit dem Berichtsfilter Daten selektiv anzeigen Alle Daten wieder anzeigen Die Wirkung der Layoutaktualisierung Felder verschieben, hinzufügen oder entfernen Feld aus dem Layoutabschnitt entfernen Feldbezeichnungen ändern Nutzen der PivotTable-Felderansicht Was beim Verschieben von Feldern in den vier Berichtsbereichen passiert Arbeitserleichterung durch eine geeignete Datensortierung Berechnungstypen in PivotTables Schnellformatierung von PivotTables PivotCharts: sich schon vorher ein Bild machen Aus einer PivotTable ein PivotChart erstellen Diagramm beschriften Das Layout für Berichte gestalten Berichtslayout in den PivotTable-Optionen anpassen Tabellenoptionen erleichtern die Arbeit mit PivotTables Anzeigen von Teilergebnissen und Gesamtergebnissen Sortieren in PivotTables Elemente mit der Maus verschieben Benutzerdefinierte Sortierreihenfolge erstellen und anwenden So sortieren Sie eine PivotTable nach Teilergebnissen Suchen und Filtern in den PivotTables Datenreduzierung auf oberster Ebene Komplexe Filter über das Eingabefeld »Suchen« steuern Die aktuelle Markierung als weitere Filtermöglichkeit verwenden Felder vor dem Hinzufügen filtern In einem Feld mehrere Filter aktivieren Neue Elemente automatisch anzeigen Vergleichsfilter im Umgang mit Datumswerten Filter löschen und alle Daten wieder anzeigen Genial: einfaches Filtern mit Datenschnitt und Zeitachse Einen Datenschnitt an Ihre Bedingungen anpassen Datenschnitte anzeigen oder ausblenden Größe und Eigenschaften von Datenschnitten Datenschnitt mit mehreren PivotTables verbinden Aktives Filtern mit der Zeitachse 3 Vertiefter Umgang mit PivotTable Gruppierung des Datums ändern Die Ansicht expandieren Eine Pivot-Tabelle kopieren Benutzerdefinierte Berechnungen für PivotTable-Wertefelder einsetzen Löschen eines PivotTable-Berichts oder PivotChart-Berichts Berechnungstypen im praktischen Einsatz % des Gesamtergebnisses berechnen % des Spaltenergebnisses % des Zeilenergebnisses % von % des übergeordneten Zeilenergebnisses % des übergeordneten Spaltenergebnisses % des übergeordneten Ergebnisses Differenz von % Differenz von Praxisbeispiel: Differenz zu einem vorherigen Basiselement in einem abweichenden Geschäftsjahr Laufende Summe von Rangfolge nach Größe (aufsteigend/absteigend) Index Praxisbeispiel: % Differenz und Fehlerbehandlung In PivotTable Fehlerdarstellungen bearbeiten Weitere Berechnungsmöglichkeiten in PivotTables So erstellen Sie ein berechnetes Feld in einer PivotTable So erstellen Sie ein berechnetes Element in einer PivotTable Lösungsreihenfolge für berechnete Elemente ändern Eine Liste der verwendeten Formeln erstellen So verwenden Sie die Funktion PIVOTDATENZUORDNEN () Zugriff auf Pivot-Daten Fehlermeldung der Funktion 4 In der Praxis: Logistikdienste mit PivotTables organisieren Überlegte Vorbereitung erleichtert das Arbeiten: als Datenbasis eine strukturierte Tabelle verwenden Die PivotTable erstellen Die PivotTable informativer machen Daten als Information flexibel anzeigen Die Anordnung macht’s: die Felder im informativsten Layoutbereich anzeigen Die Anzahl bestimmt die benötigte Kapazität In welches Hotel geht der Transfer des Teilnehmers? Den Check-in im Hotel planen Elegante Dynamik: mit Datenschnitten die Informationen komfortabel filtern Datenschnitte zum Filtern einbauen Die Steuerzentrale 5 Stundenabweichungsanalyse mit PivotTable Die Projektstruktur aufbauen Daten in PivotTable-Berichten auswerten Daten aus einem Vorsystem und der Planung übernehmen Daten aufbereiten, vervollständigen und pivotisieren Das Tabellenblatt WBS-Planung pivotisieren Importierte Daten pivotisieren und formatieren Dezimale Stundenangaben in Uhrzeitformat umwandeln Die Daten der Planung mit den Istdaten vergleichen und bewerten Zwei PivotTable-Berichte konsolidieren Zeitdifferenz berechnen Abweichungen hervorheben: weitere Formatierungen vornehmen Ein Projekt nach erweiterten Gesichtspunkten auswerten 6 Mit PivotTable einen Kostenträger überwachen und auswerten Ein Projekt nach erweiterten Gesichtspunkten aus werten Kostenstellenanalyse der Kostenträger 100112 und 1414 Nur die betroffenen Kostenträger anzeigen Kompaktansicht im Kostenträger: Details im Work Package ausblenden Mitarbeiter, die die angezeigte Leistung erbracht haben Die Gesamtkosten für den Kostenträger 100112 mit PivotTables berechnen Mehr Aussagekraft durch Neuanordnung der Wertefelder Die Stundenverteilung differenzieren - monatsweise anzeigen Ermitteln Sie die zeitlichen Arbeitsleistungen der Mitarbeiter in einem Projekt Die betroffenen Kostenstellen auswerten 7 Personal- und Personalstrukturanalyse mit PivotTable-Berichten Prozess der Analyse Welche Felder in der Basistabelle verändert oder berechnet werden Eine »intelligente« Tabelle Strukturen im Stellenplan und in den Tätigkeitsfeldern entdecken Zeigen Sie, wie viele Tätigkeitsfelder es im Unternehmen gibt Zeigen Sie die fünf Tätigkeitsfelder mit den meisten Mitarbeitern Neue Reihenfolge festlegen Prozentuale Darstellung wählen Prozentwerte und absolute Werte gleichzeitig darstellen Datenschnitte: mehr als nur einfache Filter Den Datenschnitt für die Vorselektion aufbauen Die Datenschnitte perfekt auf die Arbeitsumgebung einstellen Einstellungen für den Datenschnitt vornehmen Strukturanalyse zur Altersverteilung und Betriebszugehörigkeit Gruppen für Zeiträume bilden Aufbau des PivotTable-Berichts Betriebszugehörigkeit Betriebszugehörigkeit gruppieren Den Namen einer Feldschaltfläche anpassen Gruppen für Altersklassen bilden Die Anzahl der Mitarbeiter je Altersgruppe in den Tätigkeitsfeldern ermitteln Zeigen Sie in einer Grafik die Mitarbeiterverteilung in den Altersgruppen Das Layout des Diagramms verändern Zeigen Sie die grafische Verteilung der Betriebszugehörigkeit Die Betriebszugehörigkeit als Grafik Besondere Strukturen mit der PivotTable aufzeigen Zeigen Sie die Struktur der Betriebszugehörigkeit für das Tätigkeitsfeld Produktberater/-in an PivotTable-Bericht mit Minimum, Maximum und Durchschnittseinkommen je Altersgruppe Die Anzahl der Mitarbeiter einfügen, die die Berechnungsgrundlage bildet Mitarbeiter, die mehr als 120 Stunden monatlich tätig sind Auswertung auf ausgewählte Tätigkeitsfelder begrenzen 8 Wie Sie mit PivotTables Umsätze und Kosten berechnen und analysieren Aktion und Analyse Aufbau der PivotTable zur Kostenanalyse PivotTable in die Tabellenansicht und in ein neues Pivot-Format überführen Basisjahr 2019: Differenz der Kosten berechnen Basiswert des Jahres 2019 in die Ansicht des Berichts integrieren Die PivotTable informativer machen Prozentanteil des Deckungsbeitrages ermitteln Prozentanteil der Kosten am Umsatz 9 Mit PivotTable aggregieren: mit PIVOTDATENZUORDNENO Daten extrahieren Die Arbeitsweise der Funktion Syntax der Funktion Vorbereitung der Arbeitsumgebung Aufbau des Dashboards Die Auswahllisten erstellen Einrichten der Datenüberprüfung zur Auswahl der Steuergrößen Überprüfung der Auswahl und Folgeeinträge in den Steuertabellen Die Argumente der Funktion PIVOTDATENZUORDNEN() Die Funktion PIVOTDATENZUORDNENO entwickeln und dyna

Note: CONTENTS PREFACE 1 Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement 1.1 The Study of Chemistry The Atomic and Molecular Perspective of Chemistry Why Study Chemistry? 1.2 Classifications of Matter States of Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures 1.3 Properties of Matter Physical and Chemical Changes Separation of Mixtures 1.4 The Nature of Energy Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy 1.5 Units of Measurement SI Units Length and Mass Temperature Derived SI Units Volume Density Units of Energy 1.6 Uncertainty in Measurement Precision and Accuracy Significant Figures Significant Figures in Calculations 1.7 Dimensional Analysis Conversion Factors Using Two or More Conversion Factors Conversions Involving Volume Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Chemistry Put to Work Chemistry and the Chemical Industry A Closer Look: The Scientific Method Chemistry Put to Work: Chemistry in the News Strategies for Success: Estimating Answers Strategies for Success: The Importance of Practice Strategies for Success: The Features of This Book 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matter 2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure Cathode Rays and Electrons Radioactivity The Nuclear Model of the Atom 2.3 The Modern View of Atomic Structure Atomic Numbers, Mass Numbers, and Isotopes 2.4 Atomic Weights The Atomic Mass Scale Atomic Weight 2.5 The Periodic Table 2.6 Molecules and Molecular Compounds Molecules and Chemical Formulas Molecular and Empirical Formulas Picturing Molecules 2.7 Ions and Ionic Compounds Predicting Ionic Charges Ionic Compounds 2.8 Naming Inorganic Compounds Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds Names and Formulas of Acids Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds 2.9 Some Simple Organic Compounds Alkanes Some Derivatives of Alkanes Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises A Closer Look Basic Forces A Closer Look The Mass Spectrometer Chemistry and Life Elements Required by Living Organisms Strategies for Success: How to Take a Test 3 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry 3.1 The Conservation of Mass, Chemical Equations, and Stoichiometry How to Balance Chemical Equations A Step-by-Step Example of Balancing a Chemical Equation 3.2 Simple Patterns of Chemical Reactivity: Combination, Decomposition, and Combustion Combination and Decomposition Reactions Combustion Reactions 3.3 Formula Weights and Elemental Compositions of Substances Formula and Molecular Weights Elemental Compositions of Substances 3.4 Avogadro's Number and the Mole; Molar Mass The Mole and Avogadro's Number Molar Mass Converting Between Masses, Moles, and Atoms/Molecules/Ions 3.5 Formula Weights and Elemental Compositions of Substances Molecular Formulas from Empirical Formulas Combustion Analysis 3.6 Reaction Stoichiometry 3.7 Limiting Reactants Theoretical and Percent Yields Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Integrative Exercises Design an Experiment Strategies for Success: Problem Solving Chemistry and Life: Glucose Monitoring Strategies for Success: Design an Experiment 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes How Compounds Dissolve in Water Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.2 Precipitation Reactions Solubility Guidelines for Ionic Compounds Exchange (Metathesis) Reactions Ionic Equations and Spectator Ions 4.3 Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions Acids Bases Strong and Weak Acids and Bases Identifying Strong and Weak Electrolytes Neutralization Reactions and Salts Neutralization Reactions with Gas Formation 4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation Numbers Oxidation of Metals by Acids and Salts The Activity Series 4.5 Concentrations of Solutions Molarity Expressing the Concentration of an Electrolyte Interconverting Molarity, Moles, and Volume Dilution 4.6 Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis Titrations Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Integrative Exercises Design an Experiment Chemistry Put to Work Antacids Strategies for Success Analyzing Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 5.1 The Nature of Chemical Energy 5.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics System and Surroundings Internal Energy Relating Δf to Heat and Work Endothermic and Exothermic Processes State Functions 5.3 Enthalpy Pressure-Volume Work Enthalpy Change 5.4 Enthalpies of Reaction 5.5 Calorimetry Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Bomb Calorimetry (Constant-Volume Calorimetry) 5.6 Hess's Law 5.7 Enthalpies of Formation Using Enthalpies of Formation to Calculate Enthalpies of Reaction 5.8 Bond Enthalpies Bond Enthalpies and the Enthalpies of Reactions 5.9 Foods and Fuels Foods Fuels Other Energy Sources Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Integrative Exercises Design an Experiment A Closer Look: Energy, Enthalpy, and P-V Work A Closer Look: Using Enthalpy as a Guide Chemistry and Life: The Regulation of Body Temperature Chemistry Put to Work: The Scientific and Political Challenges of Biofuels 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms 6.1 The Wave Nature of Light 6.2 Quantized Energy and Photons Hot Objects and the Quantization of Energy The Photoelectric Effect and Photons 6.3 Line Spectra and the Bohr Model Line Spectra Bohr's Model The Energy States of the Hydrogen Atom Limitations of the Bohr Model 6.4 The Wave Behavior of Matter The Uncertainty Principle 6.5 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals Orbitals and Quantum Numbers 6.6 Representations of Orbitals The s Orbitals The p Orbitals The d and f Orbitals 6.7 Many-Electron Atoms Orbitals and Their Energies Electron Spin and the Pauli Exclusion Principle 6.8 Electron Configurations Hund's Rule Condensed Electron Configurations Transition Metals The Lanthanides and Actinides 6.9 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Anomalous Electron Configurations Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Integrative Exercises Design an Experiment A Closer Look: Measurement and the Uncertainty Principle A Closer Look: Thought Experiments and Schrödinger's Cat A Closer Look: Probability Density and Radial Probability Functions Chemistry and Life Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements 7.1 Development of the Periodic Table 7.2 Effective Nuclear Charge 7.3 Sizes of Atoms and Ions Periodic Trends in Atomic Radii Periodic Trends in Ionic Radii 7.4 Ionization Energy Variations in Successive Ionization Energies Periodic Trends in First Ionization Energies Electron Configurations of Ions 7.5 Electron Affinity Periodic Trends in Electron Affinity 7.6 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals Nonmetals Metalloids 7.7 Trends for Group 1 and Group 2 Metals Group 1: The Alkali Metals Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals 7.8 Trends for Selected Nonmetals Hydrogen Group 16: The Oxygen Group Group 17: The Halogens Group 18: The Noble Gases Chapter Summary and Key Terms Learning Outcomes Key Equations Exercises Additional Exercises Integrative Exercises Design and Experiment A Closer Look: Effective Nuclear Charge Chemistry Put to Work: Ionic Size and Lithium-Ion Batteries Chemistry and Life: The Improbable Development of Lithium Drugs 8 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding 8.1 Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule Lewis Symbols The Octet Rule 8.2 Ionic Bonding Energetics of Ionic Bond Formation Electron Configurations of Ions of the s- and p-Block Elements Transition Metal Ions 8.3 Covalent Bonding Lewis Structures Multiple Bonds 8.4 Bond Polarity and Electronegativity Electronegativity Electronegativity and Bond Polarity Dipole Moments Comparing Ionic and Covalent Bonding 8.5 Drawing Lewis Structures Formal Charge and Alternative Lewis Structures 8.6 Resonance St

Note: Contents New Tectonic Map of the Arctic / O. V. Petrov, M. Pubellier, S. P. Shokalsky, A. F. Morozov, Yu. B. Kazmin, S. N. Kashubin, V. A. Vernikovsky, M. Smelror, H. Brekke, V. D. Kaminsky, and I. I. Pospelov Deep Structures of the Circumpolar Arctic / S. N. Kashubin, O. V. Petrov, V. A. Poselov, S. P. Shokalsky, E. D. Milshtein, and T. P. Litvinova Arctic Sedimentary Cover Structure and Eastern Arctic Structure Maps / L. A. Daragan-Sushchova, E. O. Petrov, O. V. Petrov, and N. N. Sobolev Geological and Paleogeographic Map of the Eastern Arctic / O. V. Petrov, E. O. Petrov, N. N. Sobolev, D. I. Leontiev, and V. N. Zinchenko Study of the Arctic Seabed Rocks / O. V. Petrov, S. P. Shokalsky, T. Yu. Tolmacheva, O. L. Kossovaya, and S. A. Sergeev Geology of the Eastern Arctic Islands and Continental Fridge of the Arctic Seas / O. V. Petrov, N. N. Sobolev, S. D. Sokolov, A. V. Prokopiev, V. F. Proskurnin, E. O. Petrov, and T. Yu. Tolmacheva Correlation of Chukotka, Wrangel Island and the Mendeleev Rise / M. I. Tuchkova, S. P. Shokalsky, S. D. Sokolov, and O. V. Petrov Tectonic Model and Evolution of the Arctic / O. V. Petrov, S. N. Kashubin, S. P. Shokalsky, S. D. Sokolov, E. O. Petrov, and M. I. Tuchkova

Note: Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Overview of Satellite Datasets -- Chapter 1 A Tour of Current Satellite Missions and Products -- 1.1 History of Computational Scientific Visualization -- 1.2 Brief Catalog of Current Satellite Products -- 1.2.1 Meteorological and Atmospheric Science -- 1.2.2 Hydrology -- 1.2.3 Oceanography and Biogeosciences -- 1.2.4 Cryosphere -- 1.3 The Flow of Data from Satellites to Computer -- 1.4 Learning Using Real Data and Case Studies -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Overview of Python -- 2.1 Why Python? -- 2.2 Useful Packages for Remote Sensing Visualization -- 2.2.1 NumPy -- 2.2.2 Pandas -- 2.2.3 Matplotlib -- 2.2.4 netCDF4 and h5py -- 2.2.5 Cartopy -- 2.3 Maturing Packages -- 2.3.1 xarray -- 2.3.2 Dask -- 2.3.3 Iris -- 2.3.4 MetPy -- 2.3.5 cfgrib and eccodes -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 A Deep Dive into Scientific Data Sets -- 3.1 Storage -- 3.1.1 Single Values -- 3.1.2 Arrays -- 3.2 Data Formats -- 3.2.1 Binary -- 3.2.2 Text -- 3.2.3 Self-Describing Data Formats -- 3.2.4 Table-Driven Formats -- 3.2.5 geoTIFF -- 3.3 Data Usage -- 3.3.1 Processing Levels -- 3.3.2 Product Maturity -- 3.3.3 Quality Control -- 3.3.4 Data Latency -- 3.3.5 Reprocessing -- 3.4 Summary -- References -- Part II Practical Python Tutorials for Remote Sensing -- Chapter 4 Practical Python Syntax -- 4.1 "Hello Earth" in Python -- 4.2 Variable Assignment and Arithmetic -- 4.3 Lists -- 4.4 Importing Packages -- 4.5 Array and Matrix Operations -- 4.6 Time Series Data -- 4.7 Loops -- 4.8 List Comprehensions -- 4.9 Functions -- 4.10 Dictionaries -- 4.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Importing Standard Earth Science Datasets -- 5.1 Text -- 5.2 NetCDF -- 5.2.1 Manually Creating a Mask Variable Using True and False Values. -- 5.2.2 Using NumPy Masked Arrays to Filter Automatically -- 5.3 HDF -- 5.4 GRIB2 -- 5.5 Importing Data Using Xarray -- 5.5.1 netCDF -- 5.5.2 Examining Vertical Cross Sections -- 5.5.3 Examining Horizontal Cross Sections -- 5.5.4 GRIB2 using Cfgrib -- 5.5.5 Accessing Datasets Using OpenDAP -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Plotting and Graphs for All -- 6.1 Univariate Plots -- 6.1.1 Histograms -- 6.1.2 Barplots -- 6.2 Two Variable Plots -- 6.2.1 Converting Data to a Time Series -- 6.2.2 Useful Plot Customizations -- 6.2.3 Scatter Plots -- 6.2.4 Line Plots -- 6.2.5 Adding Data to an Existing Plot -- 6.2.6 Plotting Two Side-by-Side Plots -- 6.2.7 Skew-T Log-P -- 6.3 Three Variable Plots -- 6.3.1 Filled Contour Plots -- 6.3.2 Mesh Plots -- 6.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Creating Effective and Functional Maps -- 7.1 Cartographic Projections -- 7.1.1 Geographic Coordinate Systems -- 7.1.2 Choosing a Projection -- 7.1.3 Some Common Projections -- 7.2 Cylindrical Maps -- 7.2.1 Global Plots -- 7.2.2 Changing Projections -- 7.2.3 Regional Plots -- 7.2.4 Swath Data -- 7.2.5 Quality Flag Filtering -- 7.3 Polar Stereographic Maps -- 7.4 Geostationary Maps -- 7.5 Creating Maps from Datasets Using OpenDAP -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Gridding Operations -- 8.1 Regular One-Dimensional Grids -- 8.2 Regular Two-Dimensional Grids -- 8.3 Irregular Two-Dimensional Grids -- 8.3.1 Resizing -- 8.3.2 Regridding -- 8.3.3 Resampling -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Meaningful Visuals through Data Combination -- 9.1 Spectral and Spatial Characteristics of Different Sensors -- 9.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) -- 9.3 Window Channels -- 9.4 RGB -- 9.4.1 True Color -- 9.4.2 Dust RGB -- 9.4.3. Fire/Natural RGB -- 9.5 Matching with Surface Observations -- 9.5.1 With User-Defined Functions -- 9.5.2 With Machine Learning. -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Exporting with Ease -- 10.1 Figures -- 10.2 Text Files -- 10.3 Pickling -- 10.4 NumPy Binary Files -- 10.5 NetCDF -- 10.5.1 Using netCDF4 to Create netCDF Files -- 10.5.2 Using Xarray to Create netCDF Files -- 10.5.3 Following Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions -- 10.6 Summary -- Part III Effective Coding Practices -- Chapter 11 Developing a Workflow -- 11.1 Scripting with Python -- 11.1.1 Creating Scripts Using Text Editors -- 11.1.2 Creating Scripts from Jupyter Notebook -- 11.1.3 Running Python Scripts from the Command Line -- 11.1.4 Handling Output When Scripting -- 11.2 Version Control -- 11.2.1 Code Sharing though Online Repositories -- 11.2.2 Setting up on GitHub -- 11.3 Virtual Environments -- 11.3.1 Creating an Environment -- 11.3.2 Changing Environments from the Command Line -- 11.3.3 Changing Environments in Jupyter Notebook -- 11.4 Methods for Code Development -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12 Reproducible and Shareable Science -- 12.1 Clean Coding Techniques -- 12.1.1 Stylistic Conventions -- 12.1.2 Tools for Clean Code -- 12.2 Documentation -- 12.2.1 Comments and Docstrings -- 12.2.2 README File -- 12.2.3 Creating Useful Commit Messages -- 12.3 Licensing -- 12.4 Effective Visuals -- 12.4.1 Make a Statement -- 12.4.2 Undergo Revision -- 12.4.3 Are Accessible and Ethical -- 12.5 Summary -- References -- Conclusion -- Appendix A Installing Python -- A.1. Download Tutorials for This Book -- A.2. Download and Install Anaconda -- A.3. Package Management in Anaconda -- Appendix B Jupyter Notebook -- B.1. Running on a Local Machine (New Coders) -- B.2. Running on a Remote Server (Advanced) -- B.3. Tips for Advanced Users -- B.3.1. Customizing Notebooks with Configuration Files -- B.3.2. Starting and Ending Python Scripts -- B.3.3. Creating Git Commit Templates. -- Appendix C Additional Learning Resources -- Appendix D Tools -- D.1. Text Editors and IDEs -- D.2. Terminals -- Appendix E Finding, Accessing, and Downloading Satellite Datasets -- E.1. Ordering Data from NASA EarthData -- E.2. Ordering Data from NOAA/CLASS -- Appendix F Acronyms -- Index -- EULA.

Note: Contents 1 Uncertainties in Urbanizing World and Nature-Based Resilience Building / Mahua Mukherjee and Rajib Shaw Part I Policy Analysis, Policy Framing and Recognition of Nature-Based Solution 2 Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Status, Progress and Challenges / Sunita Chaudhary, Basant Raj Adhikari, Pashupati Chaudhary, Tashi Dorji, and Renuka Poudel 3 Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Disaster and Climate Risk Resilience and Policy Perspectives in Pakistan / Muhammad Barkat Ali Khan, Atta-ur Rahman, and Rajib Shaw 4 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspectives in Nepal / Shobha Poudel, Bhogendra Mishra, and Rajib Shaw 5 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspective from India / Shweta Bhardwaj and Anil Kumar Gupta 6 Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspectives: Towards an Integrated Blue–Green Solutions in Vietnam / Thi My Thi Tong and Ngoc Huy Nguyen 7 Turning Blue, Green and Gray: Opportunities for Blue-Green Infrastructure in the Philippines / Noralene Uy and Chris Tapnio 8 Making Resilience a Reality: The Contribution of Peri-urban Ecosystem Services (BGI) to Urban Resilience / Celeste Norman, Akhilesh Surjan, and Miranda Booth 9 Innovations to Reduce Disaster Risks of Water Challenges / Piyalee Biswas, Neelima Alam, and Sanjay Bajpai Part II Science Investigation, Technology and Planning Intervention 10 Future Heat Risk in South Asia and the Need for Ecosystem Mitigation / Peter J. Marcotullio and Michael T. Schmeltz 11 Urban Risk Assessment Tools and Techniques for Ecosystem-Based Solutions / Aditya Rahul, Siva Ram Edupuganti, Vickyson Naorem, Mahua Mukherjee, and Talbot Brooks 12 Scaling-up Nature-Based Solutions for Mainstreaming Resilience in Indian Cities / Shalini Dhyani, Rudrodip Majumdar, and Harini Santhanam 13 Incorporation of BIM Based Modeling in Sustainable Development of Green Building from Stakeholders Perspective / Raju Sarkar, Karan Narang, Abhinav Daalia, Vidushi Gautam, Ujjawal Nathani, and Rajib Shaw 14 Road to Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Comprehensive Approach for Smart Urban Areas Management / Norio Maki Part III Case Studies 15 Path Towards Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study of Shimla, India / Kamakshi Thapa, Chetna Singh, Sameer Deshkar, and Rajib Shaw 16 Application of Remote Sensing Image in ECO-DRR for Dehradun City / Atul Kumar, Jeevan Madapala, Mahua Mukherjee, Shirish Ravana, and Sandeep Sharma 17 Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Water Stress Management—Lessons from Nagpur Metropolitan Area, India / Vibhas Sukhwani, Kamakshi Thapa, Rajib Shaw, Sameer Deshkar, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Wanglin Yan 18 Challenges in Decision-Making for Building Resilience to Climate Risks / Anamitra Anurag Danda, Nilanjan Ghosh, Jayanta Bandyopadhyay, and Sugata Hazra 19 A “Greener” Alternative: The Sri Lankan Experience of Eco-DRR / Deepthi Wickramasinghe 20 The Watarase Retarding Basin—A Historical Example of Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan / Tomohiro Ichinose, Jun Ishii, and Ikuko Imoto 21 Self-efficacy for EbA and Human Health in a Post-disaster Recovery Phase / Ai Tashiro 22 Freshwater Biomonitoring: An Ecosystem-Based Approach (EbA) for Building Climate Resilience Communities in Fiji / Bindiya Rashni 23 Forward-Looking Lens to Mainstream Blue-Green Infrastructure / Mahua Mukherjee and Rajib Shaw

Note: Contents Part I Catastrophic Landslides with Different Triggers Rock Avalanches: Basic Characteristics and Classification Criteria / Alexander Strom Study on the Phenomena of Liquefaction Induced Massive Landslides in 28 September 2018 Palu-Donggala Earthquake / Paulus P. Rahardjo The Krasnogorsk Landslide (Northern Caucasus): Its Evolution and Modern Activity / Igor K. Fomenko, Oleg V. Zerkal, Alexander Strom, Daria Shubina, and Ludmila Musaeva Earthquake-Triggered Landslides and Slope-Seismic Waves Interaction Inferring Induced Displacements / Salvatore Martino, Celine Bourdeau, Josè Delgado, and Luca Lenti Slope Deformation caused Jure Landslide 2014 Along Sun Koshi in Lesser Nepal Himalaya and Effect of Gorkha Earthquake 2015 / H. Yagi, G. Sato, H. P. Sato, D. Higaki, V. Dangol, and S. C. Amatya Inventory of Landslides Triggered by the Hejing Ms6.6 Earthquake, China, on 30 June 2012 / Chong Xu and Kai Li Pressure Head Dynamics on a Natural Slope in Eastern Iburi Struck by the 2018 Hokkaido Earthquake / Toshiya Aoki, Shin’ya Katsura, Takahiko Yoshino, Takashi Koi, Yasutaka Tanaka, and Takashi Yamada Investigation of 20 August 2019 Catastrophic Debris Flows Triggered by Extreme Rainstorms Near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake / Dalei Peng, Limin Zhang, Hofai Wong, Ruilin Fan, and Shuai Zhang Spatial Distribution of Lakes in the Central Andes (31°–36°), Argentina: Implications for Outburst Flood Hazard / Mariana Correas-Gonzalez, Stella Maris Moreiras, and Jan Klimeš Rockfall/Rockslide Hazard, Lake Expansion and Dead-Ice Melting Assessment: Lake Imja, Nepal / Tomas Kroczek and Vit Vilimek Formation of the 2018 Bureya Landslide, Far East of Russia / Oleg V. Zerkal, Aleksey N. Makhinov, Alexander Strom, Vladimir I. Kim, Michael E. Kharitonov, and Igor K. Fomenko Landslide Dam Hazards: Assessing Their Formation, Failure Modes, Longevity and Downstream Impacts / Regine Morgenstern, Chris Massey, Brenda Rosser, and Garth Archibald The Sedimentology and Internal Structure of Landslide Dams—Implications for Internal Erosion and Piping Failure: A Review / Chukwueloka A. U. Okeke An Interdisciplinary Assessment of a Coal-Mining-Induced Catastrophic Landslide (Czech Republic) / Jan Burda and Vít Vilímek Could Glacial Retreat-Related Landslides Trigger Volcanic Eruptions? Insights from Mount Meager, British Columbia / Gioachino Roberti, Brent Ward, Benjamin van Wyk de Vries, Nicolas Le Corvec, Swetha Venugopal, Glyn Williams-Jones, John J. Clague, Pierre Friele, Giacomo Falorni, Geidy Baldeon, Luigi Perotti, Marco Giardino, and Brian Menounos Rock Avalanches in the Upper Reaches of the Mzymta River, Russia / Andrey A. Ponomarev, Kai Kang, and Oleg V. Zerkal Structural and Dynamic Numerical Models of Rockslides in the Carpathians and the Alps / Emilie Lemaire, Anne-Sophie Mreyen, and Hans-Balder Havenith Quantitative Investigation of a Mass Rock Creep Deforming Slope Through A-Din SAR and Geomorphometry / Michele Delchiaro, Emanuele Mele, Marta Della Seta, Salvatore Martino, Paolo Mazzanti, and Carlo Esposito Deformational Features of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation of Slate Slopes in the Central Range, Taiwan / Ching-Ying Tsou, Masahiro Chigira, Yu-Chung Hsieh, Mien-Ming Chen, and Tai-Chieh He Bathymetric Analyses of Submarine Landslides on the Jan Mayen Ridge, Norwegian–Greenland Sea / Kiichiro Kawamura and Jan Sverre Laberg Forkastningsfjellet Rock Slide, Spitsbergen: State of Activity in a Changing Climate / Dirk Kuhn, Reginald L. Hermanns, Jewgenij Torizin, Michael Fuchs, Tim Redfield, Raymond Eilertsen, and Dirk Balzer Catastrophic Landslides in Indian Sector of Himalaya / Vinod K. Sharma Part II Frontiers of Landslide Science Enhancing Preparedness Against Impact of Climate Change on Slope Safety in Hong Kong / K. K. S. Ho, H. W. Sun, E. J. Lam, and F. L. C. Lo Climate Change and Surface Deformation Characteristics in Degradation Area of Permafrost in Lesser Khingan Mountain, China / Wei Shan, Chengcheng Zhang, Ying Guo, Monan Shan, Xujing Zeng, and Chunjiao Wang Climate Change Impact Evaluation on the Water Balance of the Koroška Bela Area, NW Slovenia / Nejc Bezak, Tina Peternel, Anže Medved, and Matjaž Mikoš Global Warming as a Predisposing Factor for Landslides in Glacial and Periglacial Areas: An Example from Western Alps (Aosta Valley, Italy) / Jessica Maria Chicco, Marco Frasca, Giuseppe Mandrone, Damiano Vacha, and Laurie Jayne Kurilla Characteristics and Causes of the Debris Flow in Shelong Gully, China / Qiang Zou, Peng Cui, Hu Jiang, Yanguo Liu, Cong Li, Sheng Hu, and Bin Zhou MPM Modelling of Buildings Impacted by Landslides / Sabatino Cuomo, Angela Di Perna, and Mario Martinelli Accelerating Landslide Hazard at Kandersteg, Swiss Alps; Combining 28 Years of Satellite InSAR and Single Campaign Terrestrial Radar Data / Rafael Caduff, Tazio Strozzi, Nils Hählen, and Jörg Häberle Identification Old Landslides in Permafrost Degradation Area in Northeast China by Difference Distribution of Surface Trees / Ying Guo, Wei Shan, Zhichao Xu, Chunjiao Wang, and Shuanglin Wang Forensic Geotechnical Investigation of the Skjeggestad Quick Clay Landslide, Norway / Thi Minh Hue Le, Vidar Gjelsvik, Suzanne Lacasse, Stein-Are Strand, Eirik Traae, and Vikas Thakur Accuracy Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Structure from Motion Photogrammetry Compared with Total Station for a Deformed Slope / Vera Hui Loo and Chou Khong Wong ARAS: A Web-Based Landslide Susceptibility and Hazard Mapping System / Murat Ercanoglu, Mehmet Balcılar, Fatih Aydın, Sedat Aydemir, Güler Deveci, and Bilgekağan Çintimur A Landform Evolution Model for the Mannen Area in Romsdal Valley, Norway / Paula Hilger, Reginald L. Hermanns, and Bernd Etzelmüller Multimethodological Study of Non-linear Strain Effects Induced by Thermal Stresses on Jointed Rock Masses / Guglielmo Grechi and Salvatore Martino Extreme Rainfall Induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Autoencoder Combined with Random Forest / Kounghoon Nam and Fawu Wang Economizing Soil Nailing Design by Drainage Improvement—Case History at Ginigathhena / S. O. A. D. Mihira Lakruwan and S. A. S. Kulathilaka Performances of Geosynthetics-Reinforced Barriers for Protection Against Debris Avalanches / Sabatino Cuomo, Sabrina Moretti, Lorenzo Frigo, and Stefano Aversa Large and Small Scale Multi-Sensors Remote Sensing for Landslide Characterisation and Monitoring / Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli, Teresa Gracchi, Guglielmo Rossi, and Sandro Moretti Novel Cosmogenic Datings in Landslide Deposits, San Juan, Argentina / Pilar Jeanneret, Stella Maris Moreiras, Silke Merchel, Andreas Gärtner, Steven Binnie, Maria Julia Orgeira, G. Aumaître, D. Bourlès, and K. Keddadouche Modeling Landslide Volumes: A Case Study in Whatcom County, Washington, USA / Gabriel Legorreta Paulin, Trevor A. Contreras, Katherine A. Mickelson, Kara E. Jacobacci, and William Gallin CRE Dating of Torrential Alluvial Deposits as an Approximation to Holocene Climate-Change Signatures in the Northwestern Andes of Colombia / Santiago Noriega-Londoño, Maria Isabel Marín-Cerón, Julien Carcaillet, Matthias Bernet, and Isandra Angel Features of Construction in Areas with Deep Block-Type Landslides / Andrey Kazeev and German Postoev Rock Glaciers and Landslides in the Waste Dump of High-Altitude Kumtor Goldmine (Kyrgyzstan) / Isakbek Torgoev and Salamat Toguzbaev Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Structures for Slope Stabilization and Landslide Rehabilitation in Asia / Pietro Rimoldi, Matteo Lelli, Pietro Pezzano, and Fabrizia Trovato Cutting-Edge Technologies Aiming for Better Outcomes of Landslide Disaster Mitigation / Kazuo Konagai International Consortium on Landslides

Note: Contents 1 Trend Analyses of Seasonal Mean Temperature Series Pertaining to the Tapi River Basin Using Monthly Data / Ganesh D. Kale 2 Dry Spell and Wet Spell Characterisation of Nandani River Basin, Western Maharashtra, India / Abhijit Mohanrao Zende and Prashant Basavaraj Bhagawati 3 Assessment of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirement in Tandula Command of Chhattisgarh (India) / Rahul Kumar Jaiswal, H. L. Tiwari, and Anil Kumar Lohani 4 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Regime of Narmada River Basin / Deepak Kumar Tiwari, H. L. Tiwari, Raman Nateriya, and Satanand Mishra 5 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Ethiopia / Abiot Ketema and G. S. Dwarakish 6 Spatio-Temporal Trend Analysis of Long-Term IMD-Gridded Precipitation in Godavari River Basin, India / C. H. Praveenkumar and V. Jothiprakash 7 Forecasting Reference Evapotranspiration Using Artificial Neural Network for Nagpur Region / Nikhil Band, Aniruddha Ghare, and Avinash Vasudeo 8 Time-Varying Downscaling Model (TVDM) and its Benefit to Capture Extreme Rainfall / Subbarao Pichuka and Rajib Maity 9 An Assessment of Impact of Land Use–Land Cover and Climate Change on Quality of River Using Water Quality Index / Manisha Jamgade and Shrikant Charhate 10 Assessment of Tail Behavior of Probability Distributions of Daily Precipitation Data Over India / Neha Gupta and Sagar Rohidas Chavan 11 Benefit of Time-Varying Models Developed Using Graphical Modeling Approach for Probabilistic Prediction of Monthly Streamflow / Riya Dutta and Rajib Maity 12 Determination of Effective Discharge Responsible for Sediment Transport in Cauvery River Basin / Shobhit Maheshwari and Sagar Rohidas Chavan 13 A Comparative Study of Potential Evapotranspiration in an Agroforestry Region of Western Ghats, India / Pandu Narayana and K. Varija 14 Influence of Air Temperature on Local Precipitation Extremes Across India / Sachidanand Kumar, Kironmala Chanda, and Srinivas Pasupuleti 15 Effect of Spatial and Temporal Land Use-Land Cover Change on the Rainfall Trend: A Case Study in Kerala / Lini R. Chandran and P. G. Jairaj 16 Innovations and Application of Operational Ocean Data Products for Security of Marine Environment / Madhulika Sinha and Shrikant Charhate 17 Statistical Downscaling of Sea Level by Support Vector Machine and Regression Tree Approaches / S. Sithara, S. K. Pramada, and Santosh G. Thampi 18 Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Yield in Upper Godavari River Sub-basin Using H08 Hydrological Model / Pushpendra Raghav and T. I. Eldho 19 Evaluation of Time Discretization of Daily Rainfall From the Literature for a Specific Site / R. Harshanth, Saha Dauji, and P. K. Srivastava 20 Quality Checks on Continuous Rainfall Records: A Case Study / R. Harshanth, Saha Dauji, and P. K. Srivastava 21 Assuring Water Intake Sustainability Under Changing Climate / Gaurav Talukdar and Arup Kumar Sarma 22 Characteristics of Gldas Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Climate Variability Across Ganga Basin, India / Lalit Pal, C. S. P. Ojha, and Amit Kumar 23 Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Its Correlation with Maximum Sustained Wind Speed in Bay of Bengal / Jiya Albert and Prasad K. Bhaskaran 24 Comparison of CMIP5 Wind Speed from Global Climate Models with In-Situ Observations for the Bay of Bengal / Athira Krishnan and Prasad K. Bhaskaran 25 Trend Analysis of Temperature for Eastern Ganga Canal Command / Radha Krishan, Bhaskar R. Nikam, and Deepak Khare 26 Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends in Rajasthan, India / Darshan Mehta and S. M. Yadav 27 Statistical Downscaling of GCM Output and Simulation of Rainfall Scenarios for Brahmani Basin / Lasyamayee Lopamudra Sahoo and Kanhu Charan Patra 28 Impact of Land Use–Land Cover Changes on the Streamflow of the Kolab River Basin Using SWAT Model / Partha Sarathi Bhunia and Kanhu Charan Patra 29 Statistical Downscaling of Climatic Variables in Indo-Gangatic Alluvial Plain / Prabhakar Shukla and Raj Mohan Singh 30 Comparing Global High-Resolution Precipitation Data with Rain Gauge Data in Assam, India / Pulendra Dutta, Dipsikha Devi, and Arup Kr. Sarma 31 Variability of Rainfall, Temperature and Potential Evapotranspiration at Annual Time Scale Over Tapi to Tadri River Basin, India / Prem Mahyavanshi, V. D. Loliyana, and Priyank J. Sharma 32 Climate Change and Water Resources: Emerging Challenges, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Indian Scenario / Y. Shiva Shankar, Abhishek Kumar, and Devendra Mohan 33 Observed Spatio-Temporal Trends of Precipitation and Temperature Over Afghanistan / S. Rehana, P. Krishna Reddy, N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, Abdul Raheem Daud, Shoaib Saboory, Shoaib Khaksari, S. K. Tomer, and U. Sowjanya 34 Identification of Historical Shift, Dispersion, and Trend of the Monsoon Season for Guwahati City Using Fuzzy Segmentation and Trend Analyses / Amrutha Suresh and Pekkat Sreeja 35 Analysis of Intensity–Duration– Frequency and Depth–Duration– Frequency Curve Projections Under Climate Variability / Manish Kumar Sinha, Klaus Baier, Rafig Azzam, M. K. Verma, and Ramakar Jha 36 Changes in Monthly Hydro-Climatic Indices for Middle Tapi Basin, India / Priyank J. Sharma, P. L. Patel, and V. Jothiprakash 37 Multiobjective Automatic Calibration of a Physically Based Hydrologic Model Using Multiobjective Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm / Saswata Nandi and M. Janga Reddy 38 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System-Based Yield Forecast Using Climatic Variables / Kalpesh Borse and P. G. Agnihotri 39 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Parameters / Arunima Priyadarsini Patnaik and Bandita Naik 40 Morphometric Analysis of Kosi River Basin, Bihar, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques / Niraj Kumar and Ramakar Jha 41 Simulation of Impact of Climate Change on the Performance of a Reservoir System in Eastern India / Satabdi Saha, Debasri Roy, and Rajib Das 42 Assessing the Impact of Spatial Resolution on Land Surface Model Based on Hydrologic Simulations / Aiendrila Dey and Renji Remesan 43 Infilling Missing Monthly Maximum and Minimum Temperature Dataset by EM Algorithm Followed by Distribution Based Statistical Assessment Using Eight Absolute Homogeneity Tests / P. Kabbilawsh, D. Sathish Kumar, and N. R. Chithra 44 Multisite Monthly to Daily Naturalised Streamflow Disaggregation Using Daily Flow Pattern Hydrograph / Vivek Verma 45 Error Analysis of TMPA Near Real-Time Precipitation Estimates for an Indian Monsoon Region / Ashish Kumar and RAAJ Ramsankaran 46 Comparison of Selection of Predictors for Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation Using Different Statistical Techniques / Kumar Keshav, Vivekanand Singh, and Roshni Thendiyath

Note: Contents 1 Introduction / Donat-P. Häder, E. Walter Helbling, and Virginia E. Villafañe 2 Pollution Affecting Cyanobacteria in Aquatic Habitats / Abha Pandey, Sonal Mishra, Neha Kumari, Vidya Singh, and Rajeshwar P. Sinha 3 Effects of Pollution on Fish / Donat-P. Häder 4 Effects of Pollution in Aquatic Food Chains / Raúl González, Cristian Durante, Marina Arcagni, Romina Juncos, Juan Seco Pon, Enrique Crespo, and Maite Narvarte 5 Pollution in the Arctic Ocean / Sten-Åke Wängberg and Göran Björk 6 Contamination of Coral Reefs in the Mexican Caribbean / Anastazia T. Banaszak 7 Input of Terrestrial Material into Coastal Patagonian Waters and Its Effects on Phytoplankton Communities from the Chubut River Estuary (Argentina) / Juan I. Vizzo, Marco J. Cabrerizo, Virginia E. Villafañe, and E. Walter Helbling 8 Marine Eutrophication: Overview from Now to the Future / Paulo Antunes Horta, Leonardo Rubi Rörig, Giulia Burle Costa, José Bonomi Baruffi, Eduardo Bastos, Lyllyan Santos Rocha, Giovanna Destri, and Alessandra Larissa Fonseca 9 Anthropogenic Pollution of Coastal Ecosystems in Brazil / Sebastian M. Strauch and Gilmar S. Erzinger 10 Hydrochemical Insight and Groundwater Supply: A Case Study of Patagonia’s Chubut River / Américo I. Torres, Luis F. H. Niencheski, Verena A. Campodonico, Andrea I. Pasquini, Mauricio Faleschini, and Pedro J. Depetris 11 Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems / Gilmar S. Erzinger, Sebastian M. Strauch, Monique Fröhlich, Carla Keite Machado, and Lineu del Ciampo 12 Detergents Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems / Azizullah Azizullah, Sarzamin Khan, Sabeela Rehman, Nadia Taimur, and Donat-P. Häder 13 Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Waters of Pakistan / Azizullah Azizullah, Nadia Taimur, Sarzamin Khan, and Donat-P. Häder 14 Arsenic Pollution / Donat-P. Häder 15 Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Atlantic Coastal Patagonia / Marina L. Nievas El Makte, Rosana Polifroni, Marcela A. Sepúlveda, and Ana Fazio 16 Dumping of Toxic Waste into the Oceans / Donat-P. Häder 17 Microplastics as Pollutants in the Marine Environment / Anthony Andrady and Liping Zhu 18 Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Primary Producers and Related Ecological Processes Under Multiple Stressors / Peng Jin and Kunshan Gao

Note: Contents 1 Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic 1.1 General Description 1.2 Global Overturning Circulation 1.3 Mechanisms of the Formation of the Deep and Bottom Waters 1.4 Classifications of Deep and Bottom Waters in the Atlantic 1.5 Upper Circumpolar Water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water 1.6 North Atlantic Deep Water 1.7 Lower Circumpolar Water and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, Circumpolar Bottom Water, Southeast Pacific Deep Water, and Warm Deep Water 1.8 Antarctic Bottom Water References 2 General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) 2.1 Propagation of Deep and Bottom Waters as Series of Deep Cataracts 2.2 Propagation of Antarctic Waters in the Abyss of the Atlantic 2.3 Comparison of Spreading of Water Masses Reference 3 Source Regions 3.1 Weddell Sea and Weddell Gyre 3.2 Agulhas and Cape Basins 3.3 Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, and Georgia Basin 3.3.1 General Description and Bottom Topography 3.3.2 Deep and Bottom Water Masses and Previous Concepts of Circulation 3.3.3 Analysis of Recent Data 3.4 Antarctic Bottom Water in the Argentine Basin References 4 Exchange Between the Argentine and Brazil Basins; Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) 4.1 General Description 4.2 Vema Channel 4.2.1 Topography and General Description 4.2.2 History of Research and Datasets of Long-Term Observations 4.2.3 Deep and Bottom Waters 4.2.4 Section Along the Channel 4.2.5 Structure of the Flow. Sections Across the Channel 4.2.6 Trends in Potential Temperature and Salinity of the Coldest Bottom Water Observed Since 1972 4.2.7 Salinity Variations 4.2.8 Flow in the Southern Part of the Channel at the Boundary with the Argentine Basin 4.2.9 Moored Observations of Velocities in the Channel 4.2.10 Measurements with the Lowered ADCP 4.2.11 Extreme Transport Velocities of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Deep-Water Vema Channel 4.2.12 Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Vema Channel 4.3 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow in the South Atlantic 4.4 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow Through the Vema Channel 4.5 Santos Plateau 4.6 Hunter Channel References 5 Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin 5.1 Brazil Basin 5.2 Flow in the Guiana Basin and Westward Equatorial Channels 5.3 North American Basin 5.4 Eastward Equatorial Channels. The Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones 5.4.1 Research History 5.4.2 Bottom Topography 5.4.3 Hydrography of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones 5.4.4 Currents in the Eastern Parts of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones 5.4.5 Temperature Distributions Along the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zone 5.4.6 Long-Term Variations in Temperature and Salinity 5.4.7 Inflow of Antarctic Bottom Water and Deep Spillway in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone 5.4.8 Summary 5.4.9 Abyssal Spillway at the Main Sill in the Chain Fracture Zone 5.4.10 Abyssal Spillway at the Nameless Sill of the Romanche Fracture Zone 5.4.11 Modeling of the Flow in the Romanche Fracture Zone References 6 Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic 6.1 Vema Fracture Zone 6.1.1 Bottom Topography 6.1.2 Measurements 6.1.3 Structure of Bottom Flow Based on the Measurements in 2006 6.1.4 Bottom Water Transport Based on the Measurements in 2006 6.1.5 Bottom Flow Through the Vema Fracture Zone Based on the Measurements in 2014–2016 6.2 Other Fracture Zones of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge 6.2.1 Strakhov Fracture Zone (Four North Fracture Zone) (3° 53' N) 6.2.2 Bogdanov Fracture Zone (7° 10' N) 6.2.3 Nameless Fracture Zone (7° 28' N) 6.2.4 Vernadsky Fracture Zone (7° 49' N) 6.2.5 Doldrums Fracture Zone (8° N) and a Rift Valley South of It 6.2.6 Arkhangelsky Fracture Zone (9° N) 6.2.7 Ten Degree Fracture Zone (9° 57' N) 6.2.8 Rift Valley South of the Vema Fracture Zone (10° 21' N) 6.2.9 Marathon Fracture Zone (12° 40' N) 6.2.10 Fifteen Twenty Fracture Zone (Cabo Verde Fracture Zone) (15° 16' N) 6.2.11 Kane Fracture Zone (24° N) 6.2.12 Pathways and AABW Transport Through the Northern Part of the MAR 6.3 Modeling of the Flow Through the Northern MAR References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic 7.1 General Description 7.2 Mixing Caused by the Barotropic Tide 7.3 Kane Gap 7.4 Angola Basin References 8 Passages in the East Azores Ridge 8.1 General Description 8.2 Discovery Gap 8.3 Western Gap 8.4 Modeling References 9 Flows Through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic 9.1 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone 9.2 Overflow in the Denmark Strait 9.3 Overflow in the Faroe-Shetland Channel 9.4 Overflow in the Gibraltar Strait 9.5 Gravity Current in the Bear Island Trough References Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions

Note: Inhalt Vorwort 1 Self-Service Business Intelligence - die Tools und ihre Versionen 1.1 Drei Tools zur Optimierung des Reportings 1.1.1 Egal aus welcher Quelle Ihre Daten stammen - Power Query wird sie importieren und bereinigen 1.1.2 Datenmodelle erstellen und Kennzahlen berechnen mit Power Pivot 1.1.3 Zeitliche Analyse von Daten mit Time-Intelligence-Funktionen 1.1.4 Interaktive Berichte - die natürliche Domäne von Power BI Desktop 1.2 Vom Add-in zur Menüintegration: Welche Excel-Version enthält was? 1.2.1 32- oder 64-bit-Version von Power Pivot? 1.2.2 Kompatibilität der Power-Query-Versionen untereinander 1.2.3 Office 365-Updatekanäle 1.3 Power BI und der Power BI Service 1.3.1 Power BI Desktop für den Power BI Service undden Power BI Report Server 1.3.2 Power BI Desktop als 32- oder 64-bit-Version? 2 Power Query - Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen importieren 2.1 Daten abrufen und transformieren - Excel- und Power-Bl-Desktop-Versionen 2.2 Mit Datenbanken verbinden 2.2.1 Zugriff auf eine SQL-Datenbank 2.2.2 Zugriff auf eine Access-Datenbank 2.2.3 Aufbau des Power-Query-Programmfenster 2.2.4 Datentypen überprüfen und anpassen 2.2.5 Ergänzen der Produkttabelle 2.3 Zugriff mit Power BI Desktop auf Datenbankdateien 2.3.1 DirectQuery für den Zugriff auf externe Daten nutzen 2.4 Import von CSV- und TXT-Dateien 2.4.1 Logische Beziehung zwischen Tabellen manuell erstellen 2.4.2 Verwendung der importierten Daten in einem Power-Pivot-Bericht 2.5 Excel als Datenquelle für einen Power-Query-Import nutzen 2.5.1 Daten aus Datentabellen einer Excel-Arbeitsmappe importieren 2.5.2 Zeitraum der Bestelldaten aus dem Tabellennamen übernehmen 2.5.3 Ähnliche Abfragen duplizieren und anpassen 2.5.4 Zwei oder mehrere Abfragen zu einer Tabelle zusammenfügen 2.5.5 Daten aus Tabellenblättern einer Excel-Arbeitsmappe importieren 2.5.6 Zusammenführen von Abfragen aus Datentabellen und Tabellenblättern 2.5.7 Importierte und bereinigte Daten mittels Pivottabelle auswerten 2.5.8 Überlegungen zur Organisation von Abfragen 2.6 Programmeinstellungen von Power Query anpassen 2.7 Mit Power Query erstellte Abfragen im Team nutzen 2.7.1 In Excel erstellte Power-Query-Abfragen auf dem Power BI Service veröffentlichen 2.7.2 Mit Power BI Desktop erstellte Datasets über den Power BI Service teilen und online nutzen 2.8 Mehrere Excel- oder CSV-Dateien aus einem Ordner konsolidieren 2.8.1 Ausschließen von Dateien mit unbrauchbarem Dateiformat 2.8.2 Bereinigen der Daten nach dem Ordnerimport 2.8.3 Alle Tabellenblätter aller Dateien importieren 2.9 SharePoint-Listen mit Power Query abfragen und bereinigen 2.10 Zugriff mit Power Query auf Internetseiten 2.11 Power-Bl-Datasets als Datenquelle für Auswertungen in Excel 3 Daten mit Power Query transformieren und kombinieren 3.1 Zugriff auf Textdateien 3.2 Spalten und Zeilen entfernen 3.2.1 Zeilen auf Basis des Inhalts oder der Position entfernen 3.2.2 Filtern von Zeiträumen 3.2.3 Automatische Zusammenfassung kombinierter Filterkriterien 3.3 Spalten teilen und neue Spalten erzeugen 3.3.1 Spalten nach einer vorgegebenen Zeichenzahl teilen 3.4 Basisbereinigung und Zellbereiche füllen 3.5 Datumsformate anpassen und zusätzliche Datumsspalten erzeugen 3.5.1 Datumsformate in Power Query anpassen 3.5.2 Datumsanalyse und regionale Standardeinstellungen von Power Query 3.5.3 Datumswerte zu Gruppen zusammenfassen 3.6 Berechnete Spalten erstellen 3.6.1 Textfunktionen in Power Query 3.6.2 Bedingte berechnete Spalten mit »if« 3.6.3 Exkurs: Eine Referenztabelle zur Zuordnung der RegionID verwenden 3.6.4 Zwei Tabellen mithilfe von Joins vergleichen 3.6.5 Weitere Berechnungen in Power Query 4 Tabellenstrukturen mit Power Query anpassen 4.1 Daten gruppieren 4.1.1 Hinzufügen von Untergruppierungen 4.1.2 Hinzufügen von Aggregierungen 4.1.3 Gruppierungen ohne Aggregierung einfügen 4.1.4 Sortieren der gruppierten Tabelle 4.2 Transformation von gestapelten, kategorisierten und pivotierten Daten 4.2.1 Entpivotieren von Daten 4.2.2 Daten in pivotierten Kategorien entpivotieren 4.2.3 Verbesserung der Abfrage-Performance durch Teilen der Abfrage 4.2.4 Entpivotieren von Spaltenpaaren 4.2.5 Umstrukturieren von gestapelten Daten 4.2.6 Gestapelte Daten mit separater Beschriftungsspalte 4.2.7 Entpivotieren von gestapelten und pivotierten Daten 4.2.8 Spalteninhalte in Zeilen umwandeln 5 Erweiterte Funktionen mit Power Query 5.1 Eine kleine Reise durch M 5.1.1 Es beginnt in Fredericia 5.1.2 Listen und Tabellen - gibt es da einen Unterschied? 5.1.3 Datumsreihe aus einer Zahlenreihe bilden 5.1.4 Kalenderparameter aus Tabelle übernehmen 5.1.5 Gruppierungsmerkmale wie Jahre, Wochen und Monate erzeugen 5.1.6 Datei-und Ordnernamen aus einer Parametertabelle übernehmen 5.1.7 Brückenabfragen bei der Kombination von Importfunktionen und mit anderen Abfrageergebnissen 5.1.8 Strukturvorlagen erstellen 5.1.9 Automatische Ergänzung weiterer Tabellen 5.1.10 Umgang mit dem Fehlerwert Error 6 Power Pivot - Grundlagen der Datenmodellierung 6.1 Tabellentypen eines Datenmodells 6.2 Transaktionstabellen 6.3 Suchtabellen 6.4 Typen von Beziehungen zwischen Tabellen 6.5 Excel-Jargon vs. Datenbank-Termini 6.5.1 Beziehungen zwischen Tabellen erstellen 6.6 Unterschiede zwischen logischen Beziehungen und Verweisfunktionen 6.7 Datenmodellierung in Excel oder in Power BI Desktop 6.8 Importieren weiterer Daten und logische Verknüpfung in Power Pivot 6.8.1 Alternativen bei der Erstellung von logischen Tabellenbeziehungen 6.9 Überprüfung des Datenmodells mit einem impliziten Measure 6.10 Best Practice für die Berechnung von Kennzahlen: das explizite Measure 6.11 Den Filterkontext einer Berechnung verstehen 6.11.1 Zwei Phasen der Berechnung von Measures 6.12 Typische Fehler bei Berechnungen 6.13 Berechnete Spalten vs. Measures (berechnete Felder) 6.13.1 Gruppierungsmerkmale mit berechneten Spalten erstellen 6.13.2 Den Zeilenkontext von berechneten Spalten verstehen 6.13.3 Verschachteltes IF() mit SWITCHQ vereinfachen 6.13.4 Verwendung der erstellten Gruppierungen im Power-Pivot-Bericht 6.13.5 Berechnete Spalten, Datendesign, Datenschnitte und die Performance von Power Pivot 6.14 Fallbeispiele für die Verwendung von berechneten Spalten 6.14.1 Übernahme von Spalten einer Suchtabelle mit RELATED() 6.14.2 Bedeutung von Kalendertabellen und berechnete Spalten im Kalender 6.14.3 Struktur und Bedeutung von Kalendertabellen in Power Pivot 6.14.4 Laden der Kalendertabelle ins Datenmodell 6.14.5 Erweiterung der Kalendertabelle um Spalten mit saisonalen Gruppierungsmerkmalen 6.15 Anpassungen an den Elementen eines Datenmodells vornehmen 6.15.1 Den Import externer Daten anpassen 6.15.2 Auswahl der zu importierenden Spalten in Power Query anpassen 6.15.3 Anpassungen am Datenimport im Power-Pivot-Fenster vornehmen 6.15.4 Hinzufügen von Tabellen zum Datenmodell 6.15.5 Measures (berechnete Felder) systematisch speichern 6.15.6 Measures umbenennen 7 Absolute und prozentuale Abweichungen sowie Anteile mit DAX-Funktionen berechnen 7.1 Schritte zum Erlernen von DAX in der Praxis 7.2 Basisaggregierungen für eine Kundenanalyse erstellen 7.2.1 Alternativen bei der Eingabe von Measures 7.3 Überprüfung der Datenqualität mithilfe von Basisaggregierungen 7.3.1 Multivariable Ergebnisse 7.3.2 Lageparameter zur ersten Bewertung der Datenqualität 7.4 Vergleich zweier Werte und Ratio-Berechnung 7.4.1 Ein Fallbeispiel: Der Soll-Ist-Vergleich 7.4.2 Soll- und Ist-Tabellen mit der Produktliste verbinden 7.4.3 Measures des Soll-Ist-Vergleichs erstellen 7.5 Bedingte Kalkulationen mit CALCULATE() erstellen 7.5.1 Veränderung des Filterkontextes mit CALCULATE() 7.5.2 Text- und Zahlenfilter in CALCULATE() 7.5.3 Kombinierte Kriterien mit logischem UND bzw. ODER in CALCULATE() 7.5.4 Vergleichsoperatoren in CALCULATE() 7.5.5 Komplexe Filterkriterien in CALCULATE() mit der Funktion FILTER() realisier

Note: Contents 1 Cryosphere and Cryospheric Science 2 Classification and Geographical Distribution of Cryosphere 3 Formation and Development of the Cryosphere 4 Physical Properties of the Cryosphere 5 Chemical Characteristics of the Cryosphere 6 Climatic and Environmental Record in Cryosphere 7 Cryospheric Evolutions at Different Time Scales 8 Interactions Between Cryosphere and the Other Spheres 9 Cryosphere Change Impact, Adaptation and Sustainable Development 10 Field Observations and Measurements for Cryospheric Science References

Note: Contents List of contributors Preface 1 Antarctic Climate Evolution - second edition 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Structure and content of the book Acknowledgements References 2 Sixty years of coordination and support for Antarctic science - the role of SCAR 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Scientific value of research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean 2.3 The international framework in which SCAR operates 2.4 The organisation of SCAR 2.5 Sixty years of significant Antarctic science discoveries 2.6 Scientific Horizon Scan 2.7 Summary References Appendix 3 Cenozoic history of Antarctic glaciation and climate from onshore and offshore studies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Long-term tectonic drivers and ice sheet evolution 3.3 Global climate variability and direct evidence for Antarctic ice sheet variability in the Cenozoic 3.3.1 Late Cretaceous to early Oligocene evidence of Antarctic ice sheets and climate variability 3.3.2 The Eocene-Oligocene transition and continental-scale glaciation of Antarctica 3.3.3 Transient glaciations of the Oligocene and Miocene 3.3.4 Pliocene to Pleistocene 3.4 Regional seismic stratigraphies and drill core correlations, and future priorities to reconstruct Antarctica's Cenozoic 3.4.1 Ross Sea 3.4.2 Amundsen Sea 3.4.3 Bellingshausen Sea and Pacific coastline of Antarctic Peninsula 3.4.4 The Northern Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands 3.4.5 The Eastern Margin of the Antarctic Peninsula 3.4.6 The South Orkney Microcontinent and adjacent deep-water basins 3.4.7 East Antarctic Margin 3.4.7.1 Weddell Sea 3.4.7.1.1 Gondwana break-up, Weddell Sea opening and pre-ice-sheet depositional environment 3.4.7.1.2 The Eocene-Oligocene transition and paleoenvironment during increasing glacial conditions 3.4.7.1.3 Recent geophysical survey beneath the Ekström Ice Shelf and future directions for drilling 3.4.7.2 Prydz Bay 3.4.7.2.1 Early Cenozoic greenhouse and earliest glacial phase in late Eocene 3.4.7.2.2 Oligocene-Miocene ice-sheet development 3.4.7.2.3 The Polar Ice Sheet (late Miocene(?)-Pleistocene) 3.4.7.3 East Antarctic Margin - Sabrina Coast 3.4.7.4 Wilkes Land margin and Georges V Land 3.5 Summary, future directions and challenges Acknowledgements References 4 Water masses, circulation and change in the modern Southern Ocean 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Defining the Southern Ocean 4.2 Water masses - characteristics and distribution 4.2.1 Upper ocean 4.2.2 Intermediate depth waters 4.2.3 Deep water 4.2.4 Bottom water 4.3 Southern Ocean circulation 4.3.1 Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) 4.3.2 Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SOMOC) 4.3.3 Deep western boundary currents 4.3.3.1 Pacific deep western boundary current 4.3.3.2 Indian deep western boundary currents 4.3.3.3 Atlantic deep western boundary current 4.3.4 Subpolar circulation - gyres, slope and coastal currents 4.3.4.1 Gyres 4.3.4.2 Antarctic slope and coastal currents 4.4 Modern Southern Ocean change 4.4.1 Climate change 4.4.2 Ocean change 4.4.3 Change in dynamics and circulation 4.5 Concluding remarks References 5 Advances in numerical modelling of the Antarctic ice sheet 5.1 Introduction and aims 5.2 Advances in ice sheet modelling 5.2.1 Grounding line physics 5.2.2 Adaptive grids 5.2.3 Parallel ice sheet model - PISM 5.2.4 Coupled models 5.3 Model input - bed data 5.4 Advances in knowledge of bed processes 5.5 Model intercomparison 5.6 Brief case studies 5.7 Future work References 6 The Antarctic Continent in Gondwana: a perspective from the Ross Embayment and Potential Research Targets for Future Investigations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Antarctic plate and the present-day geological setting of the Ross Embayment 6.3 East Antarctica 6.3.1 The Main Geological Units during the Paleoproterozoic-Early Neoproterozoic Rodinia Assemblage 6.3.2 From Rodinia breakup to Gondwana (c. 800-650 Ma) 6.3.3 The 'Ross Orogen' in the Transantarctic Mountains during the late Precambrian-early Paleozoic evolution of the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana (c. 600-450 Ma) 6.4 West Antarctic Accretionary System 6.4.1 West Antarctica in the Precambrian to Mesozoic (c. 180 Ma) evolution of Gondwana until the middle Jurassic breakup 6.4.1.1 Precambrian to Cambrian metamorphic basement 6.4.1.2 Devono-Carboniferous arc magmatism ('Borchgrevink Event') (c. 370-350 Ma) 6.4.1.3 Beacon Supergroup (Devonian-Permo-Triassic-earliest Jurassic) 6.4.1.4 The Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains Terrane and the Permo-Triassic arc magmatism 6.4.1.5 Ferrar Supergroup and the Gondwana breakup (c. 180Ma) 6.4.1.6 The Antarctic Andean Orogen 6.5 Mesozoic to Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Transantarctic Mountains 6.6 Tectonic evolution in the Ross Sea Sector during the Cenozoic 6.7 Concluding remarks, open problems and potential research themes for future geoscience investigations in Antarctica 6.7.1 Persistent challenges for onshore geoscience investigations 6.7.2 Antarctica and the Ross Orogen in the Transantarctic Mountains 6.7.3 Antarctica after Gondwana fragmentation Acknowledgements References 7 The Eocene-Oligocene boundary climate transition: an Antarctic perspective 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Background 7.2.1 Plate tectonic setting 7.2.2 Antarctic paleotopography 7.2.3 Paleoceanographic setting 7.2.4 Global average and regional sea level response 7.2.5 Proxies to reconstruct past Antarctic climatic and environmental evolution 7.2.6 Far-field proxies 7.3 Antarctic Sedimentary Archives 7.3.1 Land-based outcrops 7.3.1.1 Antarctic Peninsula Region 7.3.1.2 King George (25 de Mayo) Island, South Shetland Islands 7.3.1.3 The Ross Sea Region 7.3.2 Sedimentary archives from drilling on the Antarctic Margin 7.3.2.1 Drill cores in the western Ross Sea 7.3.2.2 The Prydz Bay Region 7.3.2.3 Weddell Sea 7.3.2.4 Wilkes Land 7.4 Summary of climate signals from Antarctic sedimentary archives 7.4.1 Longer-term changes 7.4.2 The climate of the Eocene-Oligocene transition 7.5 The global context of Earth and climate system changes across the EOT 7.5.1 Climate modelling 7.5.2 Relative sea-level change around Antarctica 7.6 Summary 7.6.1 Early-middle Eocene polar warmth 7.6.2 Late Eocene cooling 7.6.3 Eocene-Oligocene transition Acknowledgements References 8 Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene: climatic conundrums revisited 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Oligocene-Miocene Transition in Antarctic geological records and its climatic significance 8.3 Conundrums revisited 8.3.1 What caused major transient glaciation of Antarctica across the OMT? 8.3.2 Apparent decoupling of Late Oligocene climate and ice volume? 8.4 Concluding remarks Acknowledgements References 9 Antarctic environmental change and ice sheet evolution through the Miocene to Pliocene - a perspective from the Ross Sea and George V to Wilkes Land Coasts 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Overview and relevance 9.1.2 Far-field records of climate and ice sheet variability 9.1.2.1 The Early Miocene 9.1.2.2 The mid-Miocene 9.1.2.3 The Late Miocene 9.1.2.4 The Pliocene 9.1.3 Southern Ocean Paleogeography and Paleoceanography 9.1.4 Land elevation change and influences on Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution 9.2 Records of Miocene to Pliocene climate and ice sheet variability from the Antarctic margin 9.2.1 Introduction to stratigraphic records 9.2.2 George V Land to Wilkes Land Margin 9.2.2.1 Geological setting 9.2.2.2 Oceanography of the Adelie coast 9.2.2.3 Seismic stratigraphy off the George V Land to Wilkes Land Margin 9.2.2.4 Drill core records from the George V Land to Wilkes Land Margin 9.2.2.5 Neogene history of the George V Land to Wilkes Land margin 9.2.3 The Ross Sea Embayment and Southern Victoria Land 9.2.3.1 Geological setting 9.2.3.2 Oceanography and climate in the Ross Sea Region 9.2.3.3 Seismic stratigraphic records in the Ross Sea 9.2.3.4 Stratigraphic records from drill cores in the Ross Sea 9.2.3.5 Terrestrial records from Southern Victoria Land 9.2.3.6 Neogene history in the Ross Sea Region 9.3 Numerical modelling 9.3.1 Miocene

Note: Contents Part I Introduction Introduction to Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities: A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch / Michael R. Rosen, Lisa Park Boush, David B. Finkelstein, and Sila Pla-Pueyo Part II African Lake Modern and Ancient Animal Traces in the Extreme Environments of Lake Magadi and Nasikie Engida, Kenya Rift Valley / Jennifer J. Scott, Robin W. Renaut, Luis A. Buatois, R. Bernhart Owen, Emma P. McNulty, Mona Stockhecke, Kennie Leet, Tim K. Lowenstein, and M. Gabriela Mángano Part III European Lakes Lake-Level Fluctuations and Allochthonous Lignite Deposition in the Eocene Pull-Apart Basin “Prinz von Hessen” (Hesse, Germany) – A Palynological Study / Maryam Moshayedi, Olaf K. Lenz, Volker Wilde, and Matthias Hinderer How Changes of Past Vegetation and Human Impact Are Documented in Lake Sediments: Paleoenvironmental Research in Southwestern Germany, a Review / Manfred Rösch, Karl-Heinz Feger, Elske Fischer, Matthias Hinderer, Lucas Kämpf, Angelika Kleinmann, Jutta Lechterbeck, Elena Marinova, Antje Schwalb, Gegeensuvd Tserendorj, and Lucia Wick Large-Scale Slumps and Associated Resedimented Deposits in Miocene Lake Basins from SE Spain / José P. Calvo, David Gómez-Gras, and Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pascua Lacustrine and Fluvial Carbonate Microbialites in the Neogene of the Ebro Basin, Spain: A Summary of Up-to-Date Knowledge / Concha Arenas-Abad, Leticia Martin-Bello, F. Javier Pérez-Rivarés, Nerea Santos-Bueno, and Marta Vázquez-Urbez Part IV North America Ecological Response of Ostracodes (Arthropoda, Crustacea) to Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Eocene Green River Formation, Fossil Basin, Wyoming, USA /Lisa E. Park Boush, Christine M. S. Hall, Lucas S. Antonietto, and Andrew J. McFarland History of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: since the Termination of Lake Bonneville / Charles G. Oviatt, Genevieve Atwood, and Robert S. Thompson What’s New About the Old Bonneville Basin? Fresh Insights About the Modern Limnogeology of Great Salt Lake / Kathleen Nicoll Middle Holocene Hydrologic Changes Catalyzed by River Avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA / Michael R. Rosen, Liam Reidy, Scott Starratt, and Susan R. H. Zimmerman Diatom Record of Holocene Moisture Variability in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA / Scott W. Starratt, Matthew E. Kirby, and Katherine Glover A 12,000 Year Diatom-Based Paleoenvironmental Record from Lago De Zirahuén, Mexico / Isabel Israde-Alcántara, C. G. Vázquez, Sarah Davies, Ben Aston, and Margarita Caballero Miranda Sedimentary Record of the Zacapu Basin, Michoacán, México, and Implications for P’urhépecha Culture During the Preclassic and Postclassic Periods / Diana C. Soria-Caballero, Víctor Hugo Garduño-Monroy, Isabel Israde-Alcántara, Ángel G. Figueroa-Soto, M. Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos, and Nathalie Fagel Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Lake Chalco Drill Cores (Mexico Basin) / Blas Valero-Garcés, Mona Stockhecke, Socorro Lozano-García, Beatriz Ortega, Margarita Caballero, Peter Fawcett, Josef P. Werne, Erik Brown, Susana Sosa Najera, Kristin Pearthree, David McGee, Alastair G. E. Hodgetts, and Rodrigo Martínez Submarine Groundwater Discharge as a Catalyst for Eodiagenetic Carbonate Cements Within Marine Sedimentary Basins / Elizabeth H. Gierlowski-Kordesch, Gar W. Rothwell, Ruth A. Stockey, and David B. Finkelstein Part V South America Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Conditions Through Integration of Paleogeography, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Mineralogy and Stable Isotope Data of Lacustrine Carbonates: An Example from Early Middle Triassic Strata of Southwest Gondwana, Cuyana Rift, Argentina / C. A. Benavente, A. C. Mancuso, and K. M. Bohacs Part VI Asia Modern Sedimentary Systems of Qinghai Lake / Jiang Zaixing and Liu Chao Freshwater Microbialites in Early Jurassic Fluvial Strata of the Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana Basin, India / Suparna Goswami and Parthasarathi Ghosh Index

Note: Contents 1 Origin and Evolution of Atmospheres Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 2 Downscaling, Regional Models and Impacts Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 3 Response and Alternative Theories in Climate Change Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 4 Stochastic Weather and Climate Models Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 5 Progress in Climate Modeling Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 6 Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) and Climate Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 7 Astrobiology and Development of Human Civilization Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 8 Planets and Exoplanets, Habitability Sustainability and Time Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 9 Geobiology Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 10 The Fermi Paradox Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries 11 The Gaia Hypothesis, Evolution and Ecology Introduction Machine-Generated Summaries

Note: Contents Part I Python for Geologists: A Kickoff 1 Setting Up Your Python Environment, Easily 1.1 The Python Programming Language 1.2 Programming Paradigms 1.3 A Local Python Environment for Scientific Computing 1.4 Remote Python Environments 1.5 Python Packages for Scientific Applications 1.6 Python Packages Specifically Developed for Geologists 2 Python Essentials for a Geologist 2.1 Start Working with IPython Console 2.2 Naming and Style Conventions 2.3 Working with Python Scripts 2.4 Conditional Statements, Indentation, Loops, and Functions 2.5 Importing External Libraries 2.6 Basic Operations and Mathematical Functions 3 Solving Geology Problems Using Python: An Introduction 3.1 My First Binary Diagram Using Python 3.2 Making Our First Models in Earth Science 3.3 Quick Intro to Spatial Data Representation Part II Describing Geological Data 4 Graphical Visualization of a Geological Data Set 4.1 Statistical Description of a Data Set: Key Concepts 4.2 Visualizing Univariate Sample Distributions 4.3 Preparing Publication-Ready Binary Diagrams 4.4 Visualization of Multivariate Data: A First Attempt 5 Descriptive Statistics 1: Univariate Analysis 5.1 Basics of Descriptive Statistics 5.2 Location 5.3 Dispersion or Scale 5.4 Skewness 5.5 Descriptive Statistics in Pandas 5.6 Box Plots 6 Descriptive Statistics 2: Bivariate Analysis 6.1 Covariance and Correlation 6.2 Simple Linear Regression 6.3 Polynomial Regression 6.4 Nonlinear Regression Part III Integrals and Differential Equations in Geology 7 Numerical Integration 7.1 Definite Integrals 7.2 Basic Properties of Integrals 7.3 Analytical and Numerical Solutions of Definite Integrals 7.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Analytical Solutions 7.5 Numerical Solutions of Definite Integrals 7.6 Computing the Volume of Geological Structures 7.7 Computing the Lithostatic Pressure 8 Differential Equations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Ordinary Differential Equations 8.3 Numerical Solutions of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations 8.4 Fick’s Law of Diffusion—A Widely Used Partial Differential Equation Part IV Probability Density Functions and Error Analysis 9 Probability Density Functions and Their Use in Geology 9.1 Probability Distribution and Density Functions 9.2 The Normal Distribution 9.3 The Log-Normal Distribution 9.4 Other Useful PDFs for Geological Applications 9.5 Density Estimation 9.6 The Central Limit Theorem and Normal Distributed Means 10 Error Analysis 10.1 Dealing with Errors in Geological Measurements 10.2 Reporting Uncertainties in Binary Diagrams 10.3 Linearized Approach to Error Propagation 10.4 The Mote Carlo Approach to Error Propagation Part V Robust Statistics and Machine Learning 11 Introduction to Robust Statistics 11.1 Classical and Robust Approaches to Statistics 11.2 Normality Tests 11.3 Robust Estimators for Location and Scale 11.4 Robust Statistics in Geochemistry 12 Machine Learning 12.1 Introduction to Machine Learning in Geology 12.2 Machine Learning in Python 12.3 A Case Study of Machine Learning in Geology Appendix A: Python Packages and Resources for Geologists Appendix B: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Appendix C: The Matplotlib Object Oriented API Appendix D: Working with Pandas Further Readings

Note: Contents 1 Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change: An Introduction / Josep G. Canadell and Robert B. Jackson Part I Polar and Boreal Ecosystems 2 Ecosystem Collapse on a Sub-Antarctic Island / Dana M. Bergstrom, Catherine R. Dickson, David J. Baker, Jennie Whinam, Patricia M. Selkirk, and Melodie A. McGeoch 3 Permafrost Thaw in Northern Peatlands: Rapid Changes in Ecosystem and Landscape Functions / David Olefeldt, Liam Heffernan, Miriam C. Jones, A. Britta K. Sannel, Claire C. Treat, and Merritt R. Turetsky 4 Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions / Arden Burrell, Elena Kukavskaya, Robert Baxter, Qiaoqi Sun, and Kirsten Barrett 5 A Paleo-perspective on Ecosystem Collapse in Boreal North America / Serge Payette Part II Temperate and Semi-arid Ecosystems 6 The 2016 Tasmanian Wilderness Fires: Fire Regime Shifts and Climate Change in a Gondwanan Biogeographic Refugium / David M. J. S. Bowman, Dario Rodriguez-Cubillo, and Lynda D. Prior 7 Climate-Induced Global Forest Shifts due to Heatwave-Drought / Francisco Lloret and Enric Batllori 8 Extreme Events Trigger Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystem Collapses in the Southwestern USA and Southwestern Australia / Katinka X. Ruthrof, Joseph B. Fontaine, David D. Breshears, Jason P. Field, and Craig D. Allen Part III Tropical and Temperate Coastal Ecosystems 9 Processes and Factors Driving Change in Mangrove Forests: An Evaluation Based on the Mass Dieback Event in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria / Norman C. Duke, Lindsay B. Hutley, Jock R. Mackenzie, and Damien Burrows 10 Recurrent Mass-Bleaching and the Potential for Ecosystem Collapse on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef / Morgan S. Pratchett, Scott F. Heron, Camille Mellin, and Graeme S. Cumming 11 Sliding Toward the Collapse of Mediterranean Coastal Marine Rocky Ecosystems / Joaquim Garrabou, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Daniel Gómez-Gras, and Cristina Linares 12 Marine Heatwave Drives Collapse of Kelp Forests in Western Australia / Thomas Wernberg 13 Impact of Marine Heatwaves on Seagrass Ecosystems / Oscar Serrano, Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Carlos M. Duarte, Gary A. Kendrick, and Paul S. Lavery Correction to: Ecosystem Collapse on a Sub-Antarctic Island / Dana M. Bergstrom, Catherine R. Dickson, David J. Baker, Jennie Whinam, Patricia M. Selkirk, and Melodie A. McGeoch Index

Note: Contents Introduction / Justyna Sycz and Lars Ribbe Water Security Assessment for the Red River Basin, Vietnam / Nguyen Mai Dang, Vu Thanh Tu, Mukand Babel, Victor Shinde, and Devesh Sharma Contextualizing Farmers’ Perceptions of Agricultural Wastewater Reuse in Areas of Water Shortage and Contamination: An In-Depth Case Study of Wadi Al-Far’a Watershed—Palestine / Suha Al-Madbouh, Thomas Claßen, and Claudia Hornberg On the Importance of Modeling, Optimization, and Control of Anaerobic Degradation Processes for the Treatment of Agricultural Wastewaters: Toward a Biorefinery Challenge / Victor Alcaraz-Gonzalez and Victor Gonzalez-Alvarez Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment-via-Dilution for Tala Drain, Nile Delta, Egypt / A. A. Hassan, A. Nada, M. Elshemy, and B. A. Zeidan Upcoming Challenges of Water Reclamation from Unconventional Sources / Frank Rögener How Membrane Bioreactor Technology Can Help to Solve Both, German and Russian Wastewater Problems / Frank Rögener, Sven Theus, Alexander Chusov, and Julia Lednova Experiences on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Different Types of Industries in Turkey / Eyüp Debik Responses to Water Scarcity Considering Social Determinants: Groundnut Farmers in the Lawra and Nandom Districts, Ghana / Abdul Rauf Zanya Salifu, Elaine T. Lawson, and Charlotte Wrigley-Asante Temporal Climate Variability and Staple Cereals in Southern Burkina Faso / Mwenda Borona, Cheikh Mbow, and Issa Ouedraogo Multivariate Standardized Drought Indices to Identify Drought Events: Application in the Maipo River Basin / Melanie Oertel, Francisco Javier Meza, and Jorge Gironás Monitoring Small Reservoir Volume by Satellite-Based Data for Drought Management in the Central Region of Vietnam / Trung Tuan Luong, Lam Xuan Nguyen, and Trinh Duc Tran Farmers Perception and Salinity Driven Fresh Water Scarcity in Coastal Bangladesh / Md. Arman Habib, M. Tauhid Ur Rahman, Jannatul Ferdous, Md. Maruful Hoque, and Md. Rasheduzzaman Remote Sensing for Monitoring Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Lower Ganges (Padma) River / Mashrekur Rahman, G. M. Tarekul Islam, and Md. Munsur Rahman Conclusion / Justyna Sycz

Note: Contents Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability An Intelligent Chatbot Using NLP and TF-IDF Algorithm for Text Understanding Applied to the Medical Field / Ayanouz Soufyane, Boudhir Anouar Abdelhakim, and Mohamed Ben Ahmed Artificial Intelligence in Predicting the Spread of Coronavirus to Ensure Healthy Living for All Age Groups / Stitini Oumaima, Kaloun Soulaimane, and Bencharef Omar Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Algorithms for Medical Image Classification: Case of Cancer Pathology / Dahdouh Yousra, Anouar Boudhir Abdelhakim, and Ben Ahmed Mohamed An Intelligent Strategy for Developing Scientific Learning Skills / Okacha Diyer, Naceur Achtaich, and Khalid Najib Interactivity for Artificial Intelligence Systems: NL2SQL / Karam Ahkouk, Mustapha Machkour, Rachid Mama, and Khadija Majhadi Toward an Intelligent Hybrid System Based on Data Analysis and Preprocessing Method / Sara Belattar, Otman Abdoun, and Haimoudi El khatir Proposed Precautions for Newborn Malware Family Inspired from the COVID19 Epidemic Outbreak / Ikram Ben Abdel Ouahab, Mohammed Bouhorma, Lotfi ElAachak,and Anouar Abdelhakim Boudhir Using Deep Features Extraction and Ensemble Classifiers to Detect Glaucoma from Fundus Images / Stephane Cedric Tekouabou Koumetio, El Arbi Abdellaoui Alaoui, Imane Chabbar, Walid Cherif, and Hassan Silkan The Role of Applications Deep Learning in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals / Redouane Lhiadi, Abdelali Kaaouachi, and Abdessamad Jaddar Self-Attention Mechanism for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection / Othmane Daanouni, Bouchaib Cherradi, and Amal Tmiri Comparative Study of Supervised Machine Learning Color-Based Segmentation for Object Detection in X-Ray Baggage Images for Intelligent Transportation Systems / Mohamed Chouai, Mostefa Merah, José-Luis Sancho-GÓmez, and Malika MIMI A Survey of Artificial Intelligence-Based E-Commerce Recommendation System / Mohamed Khoali, Abdelhak Tali, and Yassin Laaziz Green Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems Customer-Oriented Dial-A-Ride Problems: A Survey on Relevant Variants, Solution Approaches and Applications / Sonia Nasri, Hend Bouziri, and Wassila Aggoune-Mtalaa Big Data Accident Prediction System in Green Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems / Mouad Tantaoui, My Driss Laanaoui, and Mustapha Kabil A Survey of Optimization Techniques for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks / Younes Ben Chigra, Abderrahim Ghadi, and Mohamed Bouhorma Modeling and Performance Analysis for Transportation Systems of ULA and UCA Massive-MIMO Basing on Spherical Wave / Abdelhamid Riadi, Mohamed Boulouird, and Moha M’Rabet Hassani Enhancing Wireless Transmission Efficiency for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks Based on Transposing of Sensors / Rahat Ali Khan, Shahzad Memon, and Qin Xin New Method to Detect the Congestion for Green Networking in MANET / Abdellah Nabou, My Driss Laanaoui, Mohammed Ouzzif, and Mohammed-Alamine El Houssaini Benchmarking Study of Machine Learning Algorithms Case Study: VANET Network / Sara Ftaimi and Tomader Mazri A Comparative Study of Detection Algorithm in VANET Network / Manale Boughanja and Tomader Mazri An Enhanced Energy-Efficient Hierarchical LEACH Protocol to Extend the Lifespan for Wireless Sensor Networks / Fatima Es-sabery and Abdellatif Hair A Survey of Security and Privacy for 5G Networks / Ahmed Ziani and Abdellatif Medouri An Adaptive Video Streaming Framework for Peer-To-Peer 5G Networks: Paving the Road to 5G-IMS / Adnane Ghani, El Hassan Ibn El Haj, Ahmed Hammouch, and Abdelaali Chaoub Recognition and Reconstruction of Road Marking with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) / Samir Allach, Mohamed Ben Ahmed, and Anouar Abdelhakim Boudhir Environmental Informatics & Sustainable Environment A Smart Agricultural System to Classify Agricultural Plants and Fungus Diseases Using Deep Learning / Oussama Bakkali Yedri, Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Mohammed Bouhorma, and Lotfi El Achaak Secure Data Collection for Wireless Sensor Network / Samir Ifzarne, Imad Hafidi, and Nadia Idrissi Computing Technologies to Construct an Islamic Geometric Patterns Respecting the “Hasba” Method / Yassine Ait Lahcen, Abdelaziz Jali, Ahmed El Oirrak, and Youssef Aboufadil Technology for Sustainable Development: Solar Adsorption Cooling System Cold Room Modelization Using Python / Hanane Abakouy, Hanae El Kalkha, and Adel Bouajaj Satellite Big Data Ingestion for Environmentally Sustainable Development / Badr-Eddine Boudriki Semlali and Chaker El Amrani A New Approach for Estimating Monthly Global Solar Irradiation Based on Empirical and Artificial Neural Networks Models: A Case Study of Al-Hoceima Province, in Morocco North Region / Badr Benamrou, Mustapha Ouardouz, Imane Allaouzi, and Mohamed Ben ahmed Computing Technologies for Sustainable Development Efficient Congestion Management for Sustainable Wireless Mesh Networks / Kaoutar Bazi and Bouchaib Nassereddine Classifying Security Attacks in IoT Using CTM Method / Hind Meziane, Noura Ouerdi, Mohammed Amine Kasmi, and Sanae Mazouz Exploring the Power of Computation Technologies for Entity Matching / Youssef Aassem, Imad Hafidi, and Noureddine Aboutabit Smart Sustainable Cities: A Chatbot Based on Question Answering System Passing by a Grammatical Correction for Serving Citizens / Bghiel Afrae, Ben Ahmed Mohamed, and Boudhir Anouar Abdelhakim Enhancing Wireless Transmission Efficiency for Sensors in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks / Rahat Ali Khan, Shahzad Memon, and Qin Xin Study of Websocket Parent-Teachers/Qualified Teachers in Rural Areas: Case of Central African Republic / Ghislain Mervyl Saint-Juste Kossingou, Nadege Gladys Ndassimba, Edgard Ndassimba, Kéba Gueye, and Samuel Ouya A Comparison of QoS-Based Architecture Solutions for IoT/Edge Computing Environment / Nogaye Lo and Ibrahima Niang Towards Sustainable e-Learning Systems Using an Adaptive Learning Approach / El Miloud Smaili, Soukaina Sraidi, Salma Azzouzi, and My El Hassan Charaf Toward a Mobile Remote Controlled Robot for Early Childhood in Algeria / Ehlem Zigh, Ayoub Elhoucine, Abderrahmane Mallek, and Belcacem Kouninef Multi-Directional Total Variation and Wavelet Transform Based Methods: Application for Correlation Fringe Patterns Denoising and Demodulation / Mustapha Bahich and Mohammed Bailich A Multi-Agent System for Color Video Decomposition / Insaf Bellamine Serious Games for Sustainable Education in Emerging Countries: An Open-Source Pipeline and Methodology / Younes Alaoui, Lotfi El Achaak, Amine Belahbib, and Mohammed Bouhorma

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Leningrad—1982 1.2 ‘Global Warming’ or ‘Global Weirding’ 1.3 My Background 1.4 What Is Science? 1.5 The Observational Sciences 1.6 The Compexity of Nature 1.7 Summary 2 Discovering Climate 2.1 Defining ‘Climate’ 2.2 Numerical Descriptions of Climate 2.3 How Science Works 2.4 Summary 3 The Language of Science 3.1 Numbers and Symbols 3.2 Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, and Calculus 3.3 Shapes 3.4 Orders of Magnitude and Exponents 3.5 Logarithms 3.6 Logarithms and Scales with Bases Other Than 10 3.7 Earthquake Scales 3.8 The Beaufort Wind Force Scale 3.9 Extending the Beaufort Scale to Cyclonic Storms 3.10 Calendars and Time 3.11 Summary 4 Applying Mathematics to Problems 4.1 Measures and Weights 4.2 The Nautical Mile 4.3 The Metric System 4.4 Temperature 4.5 Precisely Defining Some Words You Already Know 4.6 Locating Things 4.7 Latitude and Longitude 4.8 Map Projections 4.9 Trigonometry 4.10 Circles, Ellipses, and Angular Velocity 4.11 Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces 4.12 Graphs 4.13 Exponential Growth and Decay 4.14 The Logistic Equation 4.15 Statistics 4.16 Summary 5 Geologic Time 5.1 Age of the Earth—4004 BCE, or Older? 5.2 The Discovery of the Depths of Time—Eternity 5.3 Geologic Time Punctuated by Revolutions 5.4 Catastrophism Replaced by Imperceptibly Slow Gradual Change 5.5 The Development of the Geological Timescale 5.6 The Discovery of the Ice Age 5.7 The Discovery of Past Warm Polar Regions 5.8 Throwing a Monkey Wrench into Explaining Climate Change 5.9 Crustal Mobility’ to the Rescue 5.10 The Return of Catastrophism and the Idea of Rapid Change 5.11 The Nature of the Geologic Record 5.12 The Great Extinctions and Their Causes 5.13 Summary—A History with No Dates 6 Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages 6.1 1788—An Abyss of Time of Unknown Dimensions 6.2 1863—Physics Comes to the Rescue—Earth Is Not More than 100 Million Years Old 6.3 What We Now Know About Heat from Earth’s Interior 6.4 Some Helpful Background in Understanding Nineteenth-Century Chemistry 6.5 Atomic Weight, Atomic Mass, Isotopes, Relative Atomic Mass, Standard Atomic Weight—A Confusing Plethora of Terms 6.6 1895–1913—The Worlds of Physics and Chemistry Turned Upside Down 6.7 Henri Becquerel and the Curies 6.8 Nonconformists and the British Universities Open to All 6.9 The Discovery of Electrons, Alpha-Rays, and Beta-Rays 6.10 The Discovery of Radioactive Decay Series, Exponential Decay Rates, and Secular Equilibrium 6.11 The Mystery of the Decay Series Explained by Isotopes 6.12 The Discovery That Radioactive Decay Series Might Be Used to Determine the Age of Rocks 6.13 The Discovery of Stable Isotopes 6.14 Rethinking the Structure of the Atom 6.15 From Science to Science Fiction 6.16 The Discovery of Protons and Neutrons 6.17 Arthur Holmes and the Age of the Earth 6.18 The Development of a Numerical Geological Timescale 6.19 Summary 7 Documenting Past Climate Change 7.1 What Is ‘Climate’? 7.2 A Brief Overview of Earth’s Climate History 7.3 The Cenozoic Climate ‘Deterioration’ 7.4 From Ages to Process Rates 7.5 Radiometric Age Dating in the Mid-Twentieth Century 7.6 Potassium—Argon Dating 7.7 Reversals of Earth’s Magnetic Field 7.8 Fission Track Dating 7.9 Astronomical Dating 7.10 Tritium, Carbon-14, and Beryllium-10 7.11 The Human Acceleration of Natural Process Rates 7.12 The Present Climate in Its Geologic Context 7.13 Steady State Versus Non-steady State 7.14 Feedbacks 7.15 Summary 8 The Nature of Energy Received from the Sun—The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound 8.1 Water Waves 8.2 Special Water Waves—Tides and Tsunamis 8.3 Wave Energy, Refraction, and Reflection 8.4 Sound Waves 8.5 Sound Waves and Music 8.6 Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air 8.7 Measuring the Speed of Sound in Water 8.8 The Practical Use of Sound in Water 8.9 Summary 9 The Nature of Energy Received from the Sun—Figuring Out What Light Really Is 9.1 Early Ideas About Light 9.2 Refraction of Light 9.3 Measuring the Speed of Light 9.4 The Discovery of Double Refraction or ‘Birefringence’ 9.5 Investigating the Dispersion of Light 9.6 Figuring Out the Wavelengths of Different Colors of Light 9.7 Diffraction 9.8 Polarization of Light 9.9 Eureka!—Light Is Electromagnetic Waves 9.10 A Review of the Discovery of the Invisible Parts of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 9.11 The Demise of the ‘Luminiferous Æther’ 9.12 Summary 10 Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum 10.1 Spectra and Spectral Lines 10.2 The Discovery of Helium—First in the Sun, Then on Earth 10.3 The Discovery That Spectral Lines Are Mathematically Related 10.4 Heinrich Hertz’s Confirmation of Maxwell’s Ideas 10.5 Marconi Makes the Electromagnetic Spectrum a Tool for Civilization 10.6 Human Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum for Communication, Locating Objects, and Cooking 10.7 Summary 11 The Origins of Climate Science—The Idea of Energy Balance 11.1 What Is Heat? 11.2 Thermodynamics 11.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics 11.4 The Discovery of Greenhouse Gases 11.5 Kirchhoff’s ‘Black Body’ 11.6 Stefan’s Fourth Power Law 11.7 Black Body Radiation 11.8 Summary 12 The Climate System 12.1 Insolation—The Incoming Energy from the Sun 12.2 Albedo—The Reflection of Incoming Energy Back into Space 12.3 Reradiation—How the Earth Radiates Energy Back into Space 12.4 The Chaotic Nature of the Weather 12.5 The Earthly Components of the Climate System: Air, Earth, Ice, and Water 12.6 The Atmosphere 12.7 The Hydrosphere 12.8 The Cryosphere 12.9 The Land 12.10 Classifying Climatic Regions 12.11 Uncertainties in the Climate Scheme 12.12 Summary 13 What Is at the Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole? 13.1 Max Planck and the Solution to the Black Body Problem 13.2 The Photoelectric Effect 13.3 The Bohr Atom 13.4 Implications of the Bohr Model for the Periodic Table of the Elements 13.5 The Zeeman Effect 13.6 Trying to Make Sense of the Periodic Table 13.7 The Second Quantum Revolution 13.8 The Discovery of Nuclear Fission 13.9 Molecular Motions 13.10 Summary 14 Energy from the Sun—Long-Term Variations 14.1 The Faint Young Sun Paradox 14.2 The Energy Flux from the Sun 14.3 The Orbital Cycles 14.4 The Rise and Fall of the Orbital Theory of Climate Change 14.5 The Resurrection of the Orbital Theory 14.6 Correcting the Age Scale: Filling in the Details to Prove the Theory1 14.7 The Discovery that Milankovitch Orbital Cycles Have Affected Much of Earth History 14.8 Summary 15 Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays 15.1 Solar Variability 15.2 The Solar Wind 15.3 Solar Storms and Space Weather 15.4 The Solar Neutrino Problem 15.5 The Ultraviolet Radiation 15.6 Cosmic Rays 15.7 A Digression into the World of Particle Physics 15.8 How Cosmic Rays Interact with Earth’s Atmosphere 15.9 Carbon-14 15.10 Beryllium-10 15.11 Cosmic Rays and Climate 15.12 Summary 16 Albedo 16.1 Albedo of Planet Earth 16.2 Clouds 16.3 Could Cloudiness Be a Global Thermostat? 16.4 Volcanic Ash and Climate Change 16.5 Aerosols 16.6 Albedo During the Last Glacial Maximum 16.7 Changing the Planetary Albedo to Counteract Greenhouse Warming 16.8 Summary 17 Air 17.1 The Nature of Air 17.2 The Velocity of Air Molecules 17.3 Other Molecular Motions 17.4 The Other Major Component of Air—Photons 17.5 Ionization 17.6 The Scattering of Light 17.7 Absorption of the Infrared Wavelengths 17.8 Other Components of Air: Subatomic Particles 17.9 Summary 18 HoH—The Keystone of Earth’s Climate 18.1 Some History 18.2 Why Is HOH So Strange? 18.3 The Hydrologic Cycle 18.4 Vapor 18.4.1 Pure Water 18.5 Natural Water 18.6 Water—Density and Specific Volume 18.7 Water—Surface Tension 18.8 Ice 18.9 Earth’s Ice 18.10 How Ice Forms from Freshwater and from Seawater 18.11 Snow and ICE on Land 18.12 Ice Cores 18.13 Ice as Earth’s Climate Stabilizer 19 The Atmosphere 19.1 Atmospheric Pressure 19.2 The Structure of the Atmosphere 19.3 The Troposphere 19.4 The Stratosphere 19.5 The Mesosphere 19.6 The Thermosphere 19.7 The Exosphere 19.8 The Magnetosphere 19.9 The Ionosphere 19.10 The Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect 19.11 Th

Note: Contents 1 Slow Viscous Flow 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Coordinate Systems and the Material Derivative 1.2.1 Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinates 1.2.2 The Material Derivative 1.3 Mass Conservation 1.4 The Stress Tensor and Momentum Conservation 1.4.1 The Stress Tensor 1.4.2 Momentum Conservation 1.4.3 Rheology 1.4.4 The Navier-Stokes Equations 1.4.5 Stokes Flow 1.5 Boundary Conditions 1.5.1 The No-Slip Condition and the Sliding Law 1.5.2 Dynamic Boundary Conditions 1.5.3 Kinematic Boundary Conditions 1.6 Temperature and Energy Conservation 1.7 Glacier and Ice Sheet Flow 1.8 Examples 1.8.1 Uniform Flow on a Slope 1.8.2 Spreading Flow at an Ice Divide 1.8.3 Small-Amplitude Perturbations 1.9 The Shallow Ice Approximation 1.10 Conclusions and Outlook 1.11 Appendix: Non-dimensionalisation Exercises 2 Thermal Structure 2.1 Temperature Profiles 2.2 Boundary Conditions 2.2.1 The Thermal Near-Surface Wave 2.3 Models: Simple to Complicated 2.4 Basal Conditions 2.4.1 Polythermal Ice 2.5 Modelling Issues 2.5.1 Non-dimensionalisation 2.5.2 Thermomechanical Coupling 2.5.3 Thermal Runaway Exercises 3 Sliding, Drainage and Subglacial Geomorphology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sliding Over Hard Beds 3.2.1 Weertman Sliding 3.2.2 Nye-Kamb Theory 3.2.3 Sub-temperate Sliding 3.2.4 Nonlinear Sliding Laws 3.2.5 Cavitation 3.2.6 Comparison with Experiment 3.3 Subglacial Drainage Theory 3.3.1 Weertman Films 3.3.2 Röthlisberger Channels (or ‘R-Channels’) 3.3.3 Jökulhlaups 3.3.4 Subglacial Lakes 3.3.5 Linked Cavities 3.3.6 Drainage Transitions and Glacier Surges 3.3.7 Ongoing Developments 3.4 Basal Processes and Geomorphology 3.4.1 Soft Glacier Beds 3.4.2 Drainage Over Till 3.4.3 Geomorphological Processes Exercises 4 Tidewater Glaciers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Calving 4.3 Tidewater Glacier Dynamics 4.3.1 Tidewater Glacier Retreat and Instability 4.3.2 Tidewater Glacier Advance 4.3.3 Flow Variability of Tidewater Glaciers 4.4 The Link to Climate: Triggers for Retreat 4.4.1 Ice Shelf Collapse and Backstress 4.4.2 Grounded Calving Fronts 4.5 Outlook 5 Interaction of Ice Shelves with the Ocean 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Impact of Melting Ice on the Ocean 5.3 Processes at the Ice-Ocean Interface 5.4 Buoyancy-Driven Flow on Geophysical Scales 5.5 Sensitivity to Ocean Temperature 5.6 Impact of Meltwater Outflow at the Grounding Line 5.7 Fundamentals of the Three-Dimensional Ocean Circulation 5.8 Some Properties and Limitations of the Geostrophic Equations 5.9 Effects of Stratification 5.10 Three-Dimensional Circulation in Sub-Ice-Shelf Cavities Exercises 6 Polar Meteorology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Shortwave and Longwave Radiation 6.3 Radiation Climate at the Top of the Atmosphere 6.4 Large Scale Circulation 6.5 Surface Energy Balance 6.5.1 Shortwave Radiation 6.5.2 Surface Albedo 6.5.3 Longwave Radiation 6.5.4 Turbulent Fluxes 6.6 Temperature Inversion and Katabatic Winds 6.6.1 Surface Temperature Inversion and Deficit 6.6.2 Katabatic Winds 6.7 Precipitation 6.8 Notes and References Exercises 7 Mass Balance 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Definitions 7.3 Methods 7.3.1 In Situ Observations 7.3.2 Satellite/Airborne Altimetry 7.3.3 Satellite Gravimetry 7.3.4 Mass Budget Method 7.4 Valley Glaciers and Ice Caps 7.4.1 In Situ Observations 7.4.2 Modelling 7.4.3 Dynamical Response 7.4.4 Remote Sensing 7.5 Antarctic Ice Sheet 7.5.1 Spatial SSMB Variability 7.5.2 Blue Ice Areas 7.5.3 Temporal SSMB Variability 7.6 Greenland Ice Sheet 7.6.1 Spatial SSMB Variability 7.6.2 Temporal SSMB Variability 7.6.3 Role of the Liquid Water Balance 8 Numerical Modelling of Ice Sheets, Streams, and Shelves 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Ice Flow Equations 8.2.1 The Shallow Ice Approximation 8.2.2 Analogy with the Heat Equation 8.3 Finite Difference Numerics 8.3.1 Explicit Scheme for the Heat Equation 8.3.2 A First Implemented Scheme 8.3.3 Stability Criteria and Adaptive Time Stepping 8.3.4 Implicit Schemes 8.3.5 Numerical Solution of Diffusion Equations 8.4 Numerically Solving the SIA 8.5 Exact Solutions and Verification 8.5.1 Exact Solution of the Heat Equation 8.5.2 Halfar’s Exact Similarity Solution to the SIA 8.5.3 Using Halfar’s Solution 8.5.4 A Test of Robustness 8.6 Applying Our Numerical Ice Sheet Model 8.7 Shelves and Streams 8.7.1 The Shallow Shelf Approximation (SSA) 8.7.2 Numerical Solution of the SSA 8.7.3 Numerics of the Linear Boundary Value Problem 8.7.4 Solving the Stress Balance for an Ice Shelf 8.7.5 Realistic Ice Shelf Modelling 8.8 A Summary of Numerical Ice Flow Modelling 8.9 Notes Exercises 9 Least-Squares Data Inversion in Glaciology 9.1 Preamble 9.2 Introduction 9.3 The Roots of GPS in Glaciology 9.4 Introduction to GPS 9.4.1 History 9.4.2 Coarse Acquisition (C/A) Code 9.5 The Equations of Pseudorange 9.6 Least-Squares Solution of an Overdetermined System of Linear Equations 9.7 Observational Techniques to Improve GPS Accuracy 9.7.1 The Ionosphere-Free Combination 9.7.2 Carrier-Phase Determined Range and Integer Wavelength Ambiguity 9.7.3 Resolving Range Ambiguity by Phase Tracking 9.7.4 Differential GPS Exercises 10 Analytical Models of Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Perfectly-Plastic Ice Sheet Model 10.3 The Height–Mass Balance Feedback 10.4 Ice-Sheet Profile for Plane Shear with Glen’s Law 10.5 Ice Shelves Exercise 11 Firn 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Firn Densification 11.2.1 Mechanisms of Firn Densification 11.2.2 Firn Densification Models 11.2.3 Firn Layering and Microstructure 11.3 Applications of Firn Models 11.3.1 Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance from Altimetry 11.3.2 Delta Age Calculations in Deep Ice Cores 11.4 Summary and Conclusions 12 Ice Cores: Archive of the Climate System 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Dating Ice Cores 12.3 Stable Water Isotopes 12.3.1 Basics and Nomenclature 12.3.2 The Isotope Proxy Thermometer 12.3.3 Examples of Isotope Records 12.3.4 Isotope Diffusion in Firn and Ice 12.3.5 Diffusion Thermometry 12.4 Aerosols in Ice 12.4.1 Introduction and Origin of Aerosols in Ice 12.4.2 Aerosol Sources and Transport 12.4.3 Post-depositional Modification 12.4.4 Seasonal Cycles in Aerosol and Particle Constituents in Ice 12.4.5 The Volcanic Signal in Ice and Its Use for Chronological Control 12.4.6 Marine Biogenic MSA and Sea Salt as Sea-Ice Proxies 12.4.7 The Record of Anthropogenic Pollution 12.4.8 Long Aerosol Records from Greenland and Antarctica 12.4.9 Electrical Properties of Ice and Their Relationship to Chemistry 12.5 Gases Enclosed in Ice 12.5.1 Firn Gas and Gas Occlusion 12.5.2 Trace Gases 12.6 Timing of Climate Events Exercises 13 Satellite Remote Sensing of Glaciers and Ice Sheets 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Optical Sensors and Applications 13.2.1 Sensors and Satellites 13.2.2 Applications 13.3 SAR Methods and Applications 13.3.1 Radar Signal Interaction with Snow and Ice 13.3.2 SAR Sensor and Image Characteristics 13.3.3 InSAR Measurement Principles and Applications 13.4 Satellite Altimetry 13.4.1 Altimetry Missions 13.4.2 Measuring Elevation Change 14 Geophysics 14.1 Geophysical Methods: Overview 14.2 Passive Methods 14.2.1 Gravimetry 14.2.2 Magnetics 14.2.3 Seismology 14.3 Active Methods: Basics 14.3.1 Propagation Properties and Reflection Origin 14.3.2 Seismic System Set-Up 14.3.3 Radar System Set-Up 14.4 Data Acquisition and Processing 14.5 Seismic Applications in Ice 14.5.1 Ice Thickness and Basal Topography 14.5.2 Subglacial Structure and Properties 14.5.3 Rheological and Other Englacial Properties 14.6 Radar Applications in Ice 14.6.1 Internal Layer Architecture and Ice Dynamics 14.6.2 Subglacial Conditions 14.6.3 Englacial Conditions 14.7 Notes and References 14.7.1 Further Reading 14.7.2 Gravimetry 14.7.3 General Wave Equation and Solution 14.7.4 Seismic Waves 14.7.5 Electromagnetic Waves Exercises 15 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Earth Response to Loading 15.2.1 Rheology of the Earth 15.2.2 Building an Earth Model 15.2.3 Earth Models Used in Glaciology and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment 15.3 The Cryosphere and Sea Level 15.3.1 Factors Affecting Sea-Level Change 15

Note: Contents Part I Measurement of Environmental Parameters Affecting Marine Plankton Physiology 1 Characteristics of Marine Chemical Environment and the Measurements and Analyses of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry / Weidong Zhai 2 Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements / Gang Li and Kunshan Gao Part II Plankton Culture Techniques 3 Manipulation of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry / Kunshan Gao 4 Microalgae Continuous and Semi-continuous Cultures / Shanwen Chen and Kunshan Gao 5 Culturing Techniques for Planktonic Copepods / Wei Li, Xin Liu, and Zengling Ma Part III Determination of Key Enzymes in Primary Producers 6 Carbonic Anhydrase / Jianrong Xia, Xiongwen Chen, and Mario Giordano 7 Rubisco / Cuimin Liu, Kaiyao Huang, and Jianrong Xia 8 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Fan Hu and Hanhua Hu 9 Nitrate Reductase / Dinghui Zou 10 Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Scavenging Enzymes / Yahe Li and Zengling Ma Part IV Measurements and Analyses of Pigments 11 Chlorophylls / Wenting Ke, Yanchao Yin, Xiongwen Chen, and Baosheng Qiu 12 Phycobiliproteins / Yiwen Yang, Juntian Xu, and Baosheng Qiu 13 Carotenoids / Fan Hu and Hanhua Hu 14 Phenolic Compounds and Other UV-Absorbing Compounds / Peng Jin and Kunshan Gao Part V Measurements and Analyses of Photosynthesis and Respiration 15 Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution / Guozheng Dai, Hualing Mi, and Baosheng Qiu 16 Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation / Gang Li, Yaping Wu, and Guang Gao 17 Photorespiration and Dark Respiration / Dinghui Zou and Juntian Xu 18 Carbon Dioxide vs. Bicarbonate Utilisation / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 19 Action Spectra of Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation / Yaping Wu, Gang Li, and Kunshan Gao 20 Determination of the Inorganic Carbon Affinity and CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms of Algae / Yaping Wu and Kunshan Gao 21 Methods for Measuring Algal Carbon Fixation in Flow-Through Seawater / Kunshan Gao and Juntian Xu 22 Application of Membrane-Inlet Mass Spectrometry to Measurements of Photosynthetic Processes / Kunshan Gao and Hualing Mi 23 SIMS and NanoSIMS Techniques Applied to Studies of Plankton Productivity / Helle Ploug 24 Measurements of Photoinactivation and Repair of Photosystem II / Gang Li, Yahe Li, Wanchun Guan, and Hongyan Wu Part VI Chlorophyll Fluorescence Techniques and Applications 25 Basic Concepts and Key Parameters of Chlorophyll Fluorescence / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 26 Fluorescence Measurement Techniques / Sven Beer, Mats Björk, and John Beardall 27 Carbon Assimilation Capacity and Blue-Green Fluorescence / Hualing Mi and Baosheng Qiu 28 In Situ Measurement of Phytoplankton Photochemical Parameters / Guang Gao, Peng Jin, and Kunshan Gao Part VII Biochemical and Molecular Methods 29 Biochemical Inhibitors for Algae / Yaping Wu and Kunshan Gao 30 Measurements of Particulate Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus / Kai Xu, Kunshan Gao, Fei-xue Fu, and David A. Hutchins 31 Isolation of Organelles / Min Xu and Hualing Mi 32 Measurements of Calcification and Silicification / Kai Xu, Kunshan Gao, and David A. Hutchins 33 Use of the Fluorochrome Calcein to Measure Growth and Calcification in Marine Organisms / Sam Dupont 34 The Application of Transcriptomics, Metagenomics, and Metatranscriptomics in Algal Research / Xin Lin 35 Methods for Nitrogen Fixation Measurement / Feixue Fu and Pingping Qu 36 Trace Metal Clean Culture Techniques / Yuanyuan Feng, Feixue Fu, and David A. Hutchins Part VIII Research Methods for Animals and Viruses 37 Electrophysiological Recording in Fish / Xiaojie Wang 38 Heart Rate Measurement in Mollusks / Yunwei Dong, Guodong Han, and Xiaoxu Li 39 Measuring the Feeding Rate of Herbivorous Zooplankton / Wei Li and Zengling Ma 40 Measurement of Virus-Induced Phytoplankton Mortality / Dapeng Xu, Yunlan Yang, and Rui Zhang