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  • Articles  (30)
  • Articles and Proceedings (GFZpublic)  (30)
  • German  (28)
  • French  (2)
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  • 2015-2019  (30)
  • 1985-1989
  • 2015  (30)
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  • Articles  (30)
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  • 2015-2019  (30)
  • 1985-1989
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  • 1
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    In:  Praxishandbuch Bibliotheksmanagement
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 2
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum
    In:  GFZ Lectures
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Gashydrate sind natürlich vorkommende feste Verbindungen aus Wasser und Gas, deren Erschließung als zukünftige Energiequelle von Interesse ist. Für die bohrtechnische Erschließung mariner Gashydratlagerstätten ist eine leistungsfähige Bohrspülung notwendig. Das vom Bohrmeißel gelockerte Sediment und darin enthaltenes Gashydrat werden durch die Bohrspülung nach übertage transportiert. Die Gashydratpartikel verlassen beim Aufsteigen im Ringraum in ca. 300 m Wassertiefe ihren Stabilitätsbereich und dissoziieren in Wasser und Gas. Um eine Verdünnung und eine Dichteerniedrigung der Bohrspülung zu verhindern, soll das Gashydratbohrklein stabilisiert werden. Gleichzeitig darf sich in der Bohrspülung bei Anwesenheit von freiem Gas in der Lagerstätte kein neues Gashydrat bilden. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Suche nach Additiven, welche die Gashydratneubildung und -dissoziation gleichzeitig hemmen. Es wurde ein Schüttelautoklav genutzt, um die Dissoziationstemperatur von Methanhydrat bei ca. 85 bar zu ermitteln und die Verzögerung des Hydratzerfalls bei Anwesenheit verschiedener Additive zu vergleichen. Es konnte ein Additiv gefunden werden, das diese Anforderungen erfüllt. Des Weiteren wurden neue rheologische Untersuchungsprogramme für verschiedene Spülungstypen erarbeitet, die eine detaillierte Charakterisierung der Fließfähigkeit, Thixotropie und Geleigenschaften von Bohrspülungen erlauben.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 4
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    IUGG Secretariat, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  IUGG Publications
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Language: French , English
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  • 5
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Since the early days of Deep Biosphere research almost 100 years ago, this research field has gained momentum over the last 30 years. Much new information could be gained, some of it challenged our concepts about the limits of life and the mechanisms of global biogeochemical cycles. Besides the scientifically motivated questions, there are many applied aspects that play a major role in this research area. Industrial utilization of the deep subsurface is rapidly increasing, and decisions about utilization concepts require a profound knowledge about the processes that control these environments. Much of this process understanding is still lacking. Additional to research on processes, GFZ cultivates previously unknown microbes from deep biosphere environments. These organisms allow studying the adaptations to the peculiar environmental conditions and isolation of novel biomolecules with potential biotechnological applications.
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The water cycle is of paramount importance to human society: shortage of water and intensive droughts have been linked to the downfall of ancient civilizations. At the same time water is an important agent of change on the Earth’s surface, removing and transporting vast amounts of sediments from their source to marine sinks. As such, water is the basis of life as well as a pacemaker of the biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon cycle. Short-term, abrupt changes (101 to 103 years) in the water cycle have the potential to threaten human societies directly, while long-term changes can affect the global biogeochemical cycles, in particular the carbon cycle. In the Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab (Section Geomorphology) of GFZ we are using biomarker based molecular methods a) to understand the drivers of change in the short-term water cycle during past, abrupt climatic changes; and b) to investigate processes that determine the erosion, transport and burial of organic carbon into long-term geological sinks – processes which are responsible for the relatively stable climatic conditions which have allowed the sustainment of life on Earth. By combining paleoclimatic, geomorphological and organic-geochemical approaches we gain new insights into the stabilizing and destabilizing factors, that control the water and the carbon cycles over various geological timescales.
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    In:  Das Hochwasser 2013 - Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland | Schriftenreihe des DKKV
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Earth and its surface are tightly linked to the global climate system by turbulent exchange fluxes of energy and matter, for example greenhouse gases. This is true both for “deep Earth” geologically generated heat or gases reaching the surface and those of biogenic origin in the near-surface environment. For a better understanding of Earth-atmosphere interactions and in particular their feedbacks, the Helmholtz Young Investigators Group TEAM at GFZ studies the surface-atmosphere exchange of heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on a range of temporal and spatial scales – from hours to years and from 〈 1m² to more than 10 000 km². A regional focus is on degraded peatlands. While natural peatlands play a central role in the climate system as major carbon sink storing twice the amount of carbon that is contained in the Earth’s forests, a large fraction of the world’s peatlands has been drained for agriculture and subsequently lost that carbon storage capacity. Drained and degraded peatlands are significant and longterm carbon dioxide sources and thus contribute to further climate warming. In NE Germany, up to 20 % of the overall carbon dioxide emissions are from drained peat and a tool in reducing national greenhouse gas emission is therefore the re-wetting of peatlands to restore their natural carbon sink capacity. TEAM monitors the long-term greenhouse gas dynamics in such re-wetted sites and investigates the underlying processes and spatiotemporal drivers of the dynamics.
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The relationship between gas hydrates, microorganisms and the surrounding sediment is extremely complex. Microorganisms can either act as producer or consumer of organic compounds. By converting organic matter microorganisms produce methane and therefore provide the prerequisite for gas hydrate formation. In natural environment clay minerals immobilize the substrates feeding the methane producing microorganisms. As a result of microbial activity gas hydrates are surrounded by a great variety of organic compounds which are not incorporated into the hydrate structure but influence the formation process. Through anaerobic metabolic activity special bacteria produce biosurfactants which were found to enhance the hydrate formation process significantly and act as nucleation centres. Another source of organic compounds is sediment organic matter (SOM) originating from plant material or animal remains which may also enhance hydrate growth. On the other hand methane is an energy source for special microbial methanotroph communities growing either aerobically or anaerobically. In sediments containing oxygen this methane will be oxidized into carbon dioxide. In the lower parts of the sediment methane originating from gas hydrates is oxidized anaerobically into bicarbonate by methanogenic archaea and sulphur reducing bacteria. In presence of dissolved calcium bicarbonate precipitates as calcium carbonate und forms carbonate crusts within the upper sediment layers of the sea floor.
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In recent years a widely disseminated microbial deep biosphere was discovered in the subsurface of the Earth. This finding opens the view to a fascinating new world under our feet and forms a new topic in modern microbiology and geoscience research. With its recognition the curiosity arises how these deeply buried microorganisms are able to survive in the deep subsurface. Important questions concerning theses survivalists are: what are the carbon and energy resources of these microbial ecosystems, what are the biotic and abiotic processes of substrate provision and what is the role of the deep biosphere in the organic matter transformation in the geological subsurface carbon cycle? The topic concerning the feedstock for deep microbial life forms the core of the deep biosphere research in Section Organic Geochemistry at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Als erstes Arbeitsergebnis legt die Ad-hoc-AG Open-Access-Gold dieses Positionspapier vor. Es richtet sich an wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen, die sich aktiv mit Aspekten des Open-Access-Publizierens befassen und bündelt und bewertet die Anforderungen an Verträge nach dem Publikationskostenmodell. Darüber hinaus greift es die Verknüpfung von Subskription und Open Access auf und gibt den adressierten Institutionen Anregungen zur Gestaltung ihrer Open-Access-Strategien. Das Ziel ist es, im Bereich des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens Transparenz und Nachhaltigkeit im Sinne der Wissenschaft herzustellen und die Perpetuierung früherer Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden.
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In our meeting Dynamic Earth – from Alfred Wegener to today and beyond we will review how Wegener‘s findings evolved into to modern Earth system science including its impact on climate and the Earth surface, and how this system affects our daily life: where humans live, what risks we are exposed to, where we find our resources. In the meeting we will hold sessions that cover the entire geoscience spectrum (from mineral physics over solid earth geodynamics to the climate sciences) and that explore the consequences of Wegeners findings on how humans use our planet today (from energy and mineral resources over georisks to utilisation of the subsurface and materials for modern society). We have invited keynote speakers that are eminent international scientists in these fields. In events open to the general public we will get an account of Wegeners final trip to Greenland on the history of science of his hypothesis.
    Language: English , German
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  • 16
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Technische Universität München
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In der Arbeit wird ein kombiniertes hochaufgelöstes globales Schwerefeldmodell bis Grad und Ordnung 720 mit zugehöriger voller Varianz-Kovarianz Matrix berechnet. Als Datenbasis dienen Messungen der Schwerefeldsatellitenmissionen GRACE und GOCE, sowie terrestrische und altimetrische Schwereanomalien. Die Schätzung erfolgt durch kleinsten-Quadrate Ausgleichung, im Rahmen derer eine optimale relative Gewichtung der Einzeldatensätze und der einzelnen Beobachtungen erzielt wird. Die rechentechnische Umsetzung erfolgt mit Hilfe von Hochleistungsrechensystemen.
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This article provides first insights into some of the fascinating aspects of astrobiology. The central focus of this research theme is directed towards questions which have interested humans for millennia: How has life developed? Where do we come from? Are we alone in the Universe? In order to approach these questions, astrobiology brings together a variety of disciplines such as astronomy, astrophysics, biology, biochemistry, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, and cosmology. In particular, scientists are more and more interested into the biological aspects and the interactions of (micro)-organisms with their geological environment. This interest is further fueled by numerous NASA and ESA missions to Mars that have spawned new insights into Mars as a potential habitat for life. Earth analog environments, which are characterized by conditions that occur in other parts of our solar system in even more extreme forms play an important role for astrobiological research. Examples include habitats that are characterized by extreme dryness and/or coldness such as the Atacama Desert in Chile, liquid asphalt lakes in Trinidad or the permafrost areas in Siberia. Extremophilic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and methanogenic archaea or higher organisms such as lichens and bryophytes are used as model organisms to study the limits of life under simulated extreme conditions. In recent years, an active research network has been established in the Berlin-Brandenburg region that carried out joint astrobiology and habitability studies and which among other projects is currently conducting an ESA experiment onboard the International Space Station ISS.
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Microbial processes in the so-called ’Deep Biosphere‘ and the link to geological processes are not well understood. We hypothesize that in active fault zones and especially in CO2-conduits, due to an intensified substrate support, microbial processes are significantly accelerated compared to other continental Deep Biosphere ecosystems. Therefore active fault zones could be seen as ‘Hot Spots’ of microbial life in the deep subsurface. The Cheb Basin (Czech Republic) is a shallow Neogene, intracontinental basin filled with fluvial and lacustrine sediments. The intersection area of the north-south striking Počatky-Plesná Fault zone with the northwestsoutheast directed Mariánské Lázně Fault Zone is nearly permanently seismically active (earthquake swarms up to M 4.5). South of the epicentral area two CO2-diffuse degassing structures are visible on a decameter scale. The CO2-conduits are considered as important structures for the understanding of lithospheric mantle-crust interaction processes via mantle fluids, however rock-fluid and geo-bio interactions are barely understood in this system. Moreover, there are hints that the microbial turnover in this region, e.g. CH4 production, is significantly accelerated after earthquakes. In the frame of a DFG project a pre-examination study to a planned international ICDP-drilling campaign started, which includes a 120 m deep drilling at the Hartoušov mofette field. The aim of the study is to get first insights into the microbial community structure by applying modern high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques and geochemical analysis.
    Language: German
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  • 22
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    Earth System Knowledge Platform
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Das Mekong-Delta ist die Kornkammer Vietnams. Ausbleibender Sedimenttransport gefährdet diesen eminent wichtigen Nährstofflieferanten.
    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 24
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 25
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    In:  Taschenbuch der Wasserwirtschaft : Grundlagen - Maßnahmen - Planungen
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Comme premier résultat de son travail, le groupe ad hoc Open-Access-Gold présente cette prise de position. Il s’adresse à des institutions scientifiques qui sont impliquées dans divers aspects de la publication Open Access. Il structure et évalue les exigences dans les contrats basés sur le modèle auteur-payeur. De plus, il évoque les liens entre abonnement et Libre accès et émet des suggestions aux institutions concernées pour la mise en oeuvre de leurs stratégies en matière de Libre accès. L’objectif est d’établir, dans le domaine de la publication scientifique, de la transparence et de la pérennité selon les principes de la Science, et d’éviter la répétition de certaines dérives observées dans le passé.
    Language: French
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  • 27
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 28
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 29
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegenden Lecture Notes wurden im Rahmen von Vorlesungen und Praktika zwischen 1999 und 2014 an den Universitäten Frankfurt, Hamburg und Potsdam entwickelt, insbesondere als Zusatzmaterial meines Moduls Einführung in die Geophysik an der Universität Hamburg. Ziel dieser Vorlesung war die breite Einführung in die Grundlagen der Geophysik, von der großskaligen, globalen Geophysik bis zur kleinskaligen oberflächennahen und angewandten Geophysik. Das Manuskript ist vom Niveau her für Anfangssemester in einem Diplom- oder Bachelor-Studiengang in der Geophysik/Ozeanographie, den Geowissenschaften oder der Physik geeignet. Die Theorie-Kapitel sind auf wenige wichtige Formeln und elementare Ableitungen beschränkt. Meßinstrumente, Meßverfahren und Anwendungen werden ausführlich besprochen und durch Beispiele vertieft. Der erste Teil beginnt mit der Entstehung der Erde und der Planeten. Der innere Aufbau der Erde und die Dynamik der Erde folgen im dritten Kapitel. Unterkapitel sind hier bereits die globale Plattentektonik, der Wärmehaushalt der Erde und die Entstehung des Erdmagnetfeldes. Im vierten Kapitel folgt das Schwerefeld der Erde und die Ansätze der angewandten Gravimetrie. Der Sto↵ des fünften Kapitels umfasst die Geomagnetik und den remanenten Gesteinsmagnetismus. In den folgenden Kapiteln wird in weitere Verfahren der angewandten Geophysik eingeführt. Die Gleichstromelektrik wird ebenso behandelt wie Verfahren, die mit elektromagnetischen Wellen arbeiten. Dabei wird auch die Arbeitsweise des Bodenradar und der Magnetotellurik beschrieben. Im vorletzten Kapitel wird in seismische Verfahren eingeführt, die in der angewandten Geophysik eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Hierbei werden nötige Grundlagen der Theorie elastischer Wellen ebenso wie praktische Aspekte der geometrischen Ausbreitung von Raumwellen durch die Erde kurz beschrieben. Das letzte Kapitel ist den Erdbeben und der Seismologie gewidmet. Begleitende Übungsaufgaben sind auf Anfrage erhältlich.
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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