ALBERT

Note: Inhalt Zum Buch Übersicht der Bildsymbole Bestimmungsteil der Pflanzen Bestimmungsteil der wirbellosen Tiere Bestimmungsteil der Vögel Robben ANHANG: Die Küste als Lebensraum Küstengestaltende Kräfte Atlantische Felsküsten Tange und andere Algen Wattenmeer, Salzmarschen und Dünen Ästuare Mittelmeer Mediterrane Felsküsten Mediterrane Sandstrände Die Bedrohung des Lebensraumes Küste Bildautoren Register Autoren

Note: Contents Part I: Mafic rocks Introduction: Magmatic deposits associated with mafic rocks / A. J. Naldrett Sulfide melts: crystallization temperatures, solubilities in silicate melts, and Fe, Ni, and Cu partitioning between basaltic magmas and olivine / A. J. Naldrett Vapor associated with mafic magma and controls on its composition / E. A. Mathez Geochemistry of platinum-group elements in mafic and ultramafic rocks / E. A. Mathez & C. L. Peach Komatite-associated nickel sulfide deposits / C.M. Lesher Ores associated with flood basalts / A. J. Naldrett Contamination and the origin of the sudbury structure and its ores / A. J. Naldrett Stratiform PGE deposits in layered intrusions / A. J. Naldrett Interactions involving fluids in the stillwater and bushveld complexes: observations from the rocks / E. A. Mathez Part II: Silicic rocks Introduction: Ore deposits associated with silicic rocks / J.A. Whitney Origin and evolution of silicic magmas / J.A. Whitney Magmatic ore-forming fluids: Thermodynamic and mass-transfer calculations of metal concentrations / P.A. Candela Felsic magmas, volatiles, and metallogenesis / P.A. Candela Granitoid textures, compositions, and volatile fugacities associated with the formation of Tungsten-dominated skarn deposits / J.D. Keith, W. van Middelaar, A. H. Clark, & C. J. Hodgson

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Раздел I Комплексные методы аэрокосмических исследований для решения геологических задач Проблемы и принципы геологической интерпретации результатов дешифрирования дистанционных материалов / Д. М. Трофимов Комплексные структурно-геоморфологические методы обработки аэрокосмической фотоинформации для решения геологических задач / Л. К. 3ятькова Исследования Земли из космоса - новый вклад в развитие структурной геоморфологии / А. П. Кулаков Метод количественной оценки сходимости в картографических построениях при дешифрировании космоснимков нефтегазоносных районов Сибири / А. М. Боровиков, Л. М. Шемякин Количественная оценка информативности разномасштабных телеснимков на примере дизъюнктивов Сибири / В. И. Витязь, В. Я. Ероменко Методы дистанционных исследований переходных зон сочленения платформ и орогенов Сибири / Л. К. Зятькова Опыт применения космической информации для прогновирования региональных и локальных нефтегазоносных структур в пределах Днепровско-Донецкого палеорифта / В. К. Гавриш, А. И. Недошовенко, Е. С. Петрова, В. Н. Дементьев Комплексирование аэро-космогеологических и геолого геофизических методов при нефтегазопоисковых работах на юге Пермской области / Ю. А. Дулепов, В. В. Макаловский, В. С. Курочnик, В. Г. Гацков Некоторые вопросы геологической интерпретации геофизических полей и результатов аэрокосмических наблюдений нефтегазоносных территорий / В. В. Панасенко, В. Н. Панасенко Раздел II Методы автоматизированной обработки изображений Техническое и программное обеспечение центра обработки аэрокосмической информации / А. С. Алексеев, С. Т. Васьков, В. Н. Дементьев, В. К. Кожевников, Э. Г. Михальцов, В. П. Пяткин, Р. М. Салаватов Использование статистических подходов к обработке аэрокосмических изображений при построении процедур выделения пространственно-протяженных объектов / Т. Б. Борукаев, В. Г. Гомелаури, В. И. Горбунов Возможности применения разнородного программного обеспечения анализа изображений для задач охраны окружающей среды / А. Д. Китов Томографический подход к задаче сейсмопросвечивания / И. Г. Казанцев Выбор зон спектра при космической съемке / Н. А. Тепляков, В. М. Чернин Статистический подход к классификации объектов на аэрокосмических изображениях / Б. А. Горбуnов Теория светорассеяния неоднородными гидро- и аэрозольными частицами / В. Н. Лопатин, Л. Е. Парамонов, Ф. Я. Сидько Некоторые преобразования в количественном подходе при обработке изображений / В. А. Забелин, В. П. Пяткин Обработка спектросовмещенной информации на ЭВМ / В. А. Забелин , Translation of Table of Contents Preface Section I Integrated methods of aerospace research for solving geological problems Problems and principles of geological interpretation of the results of interpretation of remote sensing materials / D. M. Trofimov Complex structural and geomorphological methods for processing aerospace photographic information for solving geological problems / L. K. Zyatkova Exploration of the Earth from space - a new contribution to the development of structural geomorphology / A. P. Kulakov Method for quantitative assessment of convergence in cartographic constructions when interpreting satellite images of oil and gas-bearing regions of Siberia / A. M. Borovikov, L. M. Shemyakin Quantitative assessment of the information content of multi-scale television films using the example of disjunctives of Siberia / V. I. Vityaz, V. Ya. Eromenko Methods of remote sensing of transition zones of junction of platforms and orogens of Siberia / L. K. Zyatkova Experience in using space information for forecasting regional and local oil and gas bearing structures within the Dnieper-Donetsk paleorift / V.K. Gavrish, A.I. Nedoshovenko, E.S. Petrova, V.N. Dementiev Integration of aero-cosmogeological and geological-geophysical methods during oil and gas prospecting in the south of the Perm region / Yu. A. Dulepov, V. V. Makalovsky, V. S. Kurochnik, V. G. Gatskov Some issues of geological interpretation of geophysical fields and results of aerospace observations of oil and gas-bearing territories / V. V. Panasenko, V. N. Panasenko Section II Automated image processing methods Technical and software of the aerospace information processing center / A. S. Alekseev, S. T. Vaskov, V. N. Dementyev, V. K. Kozhevnikov, E. G. Mikhaltsov, V. P. Pyatkin, R. M. Salavatov The use of statistical approaches to processing aerospace images when constructing procedures for identifying spatially extended objects / T. B. Borukaev, V. G. Gomelauri, V. I. Gorbunov Possibilities of using heterogeneous image analysis software for environmental protection tasks / A. D. Kitov Tomographic approach to the problem of seismic imaging / I. G. Kazantsev Selection of spectrum zones during space photography / N. A. Teplyakov, V. M. Chernin Statistical approach to classification of objects in aerospace images / B. A. Gorbunov Theory of light scattering by inhomogeneous hydro- and aerosol particles / V. N. Lopatin, L. E. Paramonov, F. Ya. Sidko Some transformations in the quantitative approach to image processing / V. A. Zabelin, V. P. Pyatkin Processing of spectrum-combined information on a computer / V. A. Zabelin , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents 1 Noctilucent Clouds 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How, When and Where Noctilucent Clouds Are Seen 1.3 Amateur Observations 1.4 Cloud Types 1.5 Structure of the Upper Atmosphere 2 History 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Discovery of the "Shining Night-Clouds" 2.3 Measurements of Noctilucent Clouds 2.4 The Middle Period of Noctilucent Cloud Research 3 Observations from Ground Level 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Geometry of Twilight Scattering 3.3 Latitude of Observation 3.4 Absorption of Light in the Atmosphere 3.5 Height of Noctilucent Clouds 3.6 Drift Motions 3.7 Wave Structure 4 Spectrophotometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Spectroscopic Observations 4.3 Spectrophotometry from Ground Level 4.4 Rocket-Borne Photometers 4.5 Spectrophotometry from Satellites 4.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 5 Polarimetry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Polarization by Scattering 5.3 Measurement of Polarized Light 5.4 Polarization Measured from Ground Level 5.5 Measurements of Polarization from Rockets 5.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 6 Rocket-Borne Sampling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Flights over Sweden in 1962 and 1967 6.3 Flights over Sweden in 1970 and 1971 6.4 Flights over Canada in 1968 and 1970 6.5 Collectors Flown by Max-Planck-Institut Researchers, 1968 to 1971 6.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 7 Variation of Occurrence 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sunspot Cycle 7.3 Seasonal Frequency of Noctilucent Clouds 7.4 Climatology of the Mesosphere 8 Other Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Association with Hydroxyl Airglow Emission 8.3 Association with Aurora and Planetary Magnetic Activity 8.4 Lunar Effects 8.5 Lidar Observations 8.6 Artificial Noctilucent Clouds 8.7 Abnormal Observations 9 Environment of Noctilucent Clouds 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Atmospheric in Temperature 9.3 D-Region 9.4 Dust 9.5 Water Vapour in the Mesosphere 9.6 Radiation 9.7 Rates of Growth 9.8 Nucleation of Ice 9.9 Settling of Particles 9.10 Modelling Noctilucent Clouds by Numerical Simulation 10 The Nature of Noctilucent Clouds 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation in Noctilucent Clouds 10.3 Growth of Noctilucent Cloud Particle 10.4 Evaporation of Noctilucent Cloud Particles 10.5 The Relationship Between Polar Mesospheric Clouds and Noctilucent Clouds 10.6 Summary 11 Bibliography A) Before 1900 B) 1900-1950 C) Bibliography since 1950 Appendix 1: Atmospheric Refraction . Appendix 2: Atmospheric Transmission Along Grazing Pays Subject Index Name Index

Note: CONTENTS List of Figures and Illustrations List of Tables Preface Acknowledgements Notation 1. On the Scientific Method of J. Ross Mackay / W.H. MATHEWS 2. Experimental Observations of Periglacial Processes in the Arctic / ALFRED JAHN 3. Extreme Rainfall and Rapid Snowmelt as Causes of Mass Movements in High Latitude Mountains / ANDERS RAPP 4. Estimation of Avalanche Runout Distances in New Zealand/ B.B. FITZHARRIS 5. The Ice Factor in Frozen Ground / L.W. GOLD 6. Models of Soil Freezing / M.W. SMITH 7. A Step Function Model of Ice Segregation / S.I. OUTCALT 8. Recent Observations on the Deformation of Ice and Ice-Rich Permafrost / N.R. MORGENSTERN 9. Distribution of Recently Active Ice and Soil Wedges in the U.S.S.R. / N.N. ROMANOVSKIJ 10.Periglacial Problems / A.L. WASHBURN Notes on Contributors Author Citation Index Index , Abstracts in englischer, französischer und russischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Preface / A. Berger, R. E. Dickinson and John W. Kidson I WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1. The World Climate Research Programme / Gordon A. McBean II. PALEOCLIMATES AND ICE 2. Long-Term Climatic and Environmental Records from Antarctic Ice / C. Lorius, J-M Barnola, M. Legrand, J. R. Petit, D. Raynaud, C. Ritz, N. Barkov, Y. S. Korotkevich, V. N. Petrov, C. Genthon, J. Jouzel, V. M. Kotlyakov, F. Yiou, and G. Raisbeck 3. The Role of Land Ice and Snow in Climate / Michael H. Kuhn III. VOLCANOES AND CLIMATE 4. Petrologic Evidence of Volatile Emissions From Major Historic and Pre-Historic Volcanic Eruptions / Julie M. Palais and Haraldur Sigurdsson IV. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, LAND HYDROLOGY, LAND SURFACE PROCESSES AND CLIMATE 5. Uptake by the Atlantic Ocean of Excess Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Radiocarbon / Bert Bolin, Anders Björkström and Berrien Moore 6. African Drought: Characteristics, Causal Theories and Global Teleconnections / Sharon E. Nicholson 7. Sensitivity of Climate Model to Hydrology / Duzheng Ye 8. Stability of Tree/Grass Vegetation Systems / Peter S. Eagleson V. TROPICAL OCEAN AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE 9. Toga and Atmospheric Processes / Kevin Trenberth 10. Toga Real Time Oceanography in the Pacific / David Halpern VI. MODELLING CLIMATE, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 11. Aeronomy and Paleoclimate / J.-C. Gérard 12. Studies of Cretaceous Climate / Eric J. Barron 13. Simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model Including Paleoclimatic Tracer Cycles / Sylvie Joussaume, Jean Jouzel and Robert Sadourny 14. Progress and Future Developments in Modelling the Climate System with General Circulation Models / P. R. Rowntree 15. Quantitative Analysis of Feedbacks in Climate Model Simulations / Michael E. Schlesinger

Note: CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE CHAPTER 1 THE CHALLENGE Oil and gas pipelines: early development Pipelines for cold regions Pipelines and the public interest Where does the "North" begin? The freezing of soils Permafrost CHAPTER 2 THE TERRAIN IN COLD REGIONS Patterned ground Solifluction and other soil movements on slopes Ice-wedge polygons, pingoes and palsar Other ice in the ground and thermokarst The climate of the ground CHAPTER 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE NORTH The passive, or pre-technological approach Post-war Northern development and the geotechnical approach up to 1960 Pressure The scientific approach What happens when soils freeze? Conservation and concern for the natural environment CHAPTER 4 THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE The first big pipeline on permafrost Permafrost and earthquakes Terrain conditions and site investigations The pipeline and hydrological conditions Solutions to the problems The completed pipeline CHAPTER 5 THE GAS PIPELINES AND THE FROST HEAVE PROBLEM The Mackenzie Valley pipeline Frost heave and the cold pipeline Origin of the heaving pressure Frost heave and the shut-off pressure Measuring the movement of water through frozen ground A difference of opinion A change of plans CHAPTER 6 THE ALASKA HIGHWAY PIPELINE The approved pipeline Some general problems applying to gas pipelines Creeping soils, rivers, and glacier-dammed lakes The Alaska Highway Pipeline and the frost heave problem Another change of plans CHAPTER 7 MORE PIPELINES, MORE SCIENCE AND MORE POLITICS Russian pipelines The Norman Wells oil pipeline Applied science carried out by a company A pipeline bent in France International science More mega projects CHAPTER 8 FREEZING GROUND, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Pipelines in cold places: the future A new problem or an old one? A scientific challenge neglected Who is responsible? The unanswered questions Conclusion

Note: CONTENTS Introduction / J. C. Davis Integrating Geological Datasets With a Raster-Based Geographic In/ormation System / G. F. Bonham-Carter Integration of Geological Datasets for Gold Exploration in Nova Scotia / G. F. Bonham-Carter, F. P. Agterberg, and D. F. Wright GIS and Computer-Mapping Aspects of the Austrian Stream-Sediment Geochemical Sampling Project / G. Hausberger Power to the People! PC and Workstation Mapping and Database Systems / M. J. McCullagh Three-Dimensional Display of Geologic Data / J. N. Van Driel

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift