ALBERT

Note: Contents: Part 1 Introduction. - 1 Motivation. - 2 Goals. - Reference. - 3 Setting the Stage and Outline. - Part 2 Cosmic Radiation. - 4 Introduction to Cosmic Radiation. - 5 The Cosmic Radiation Near Earth. - 5.1 Introduction and History of Cosmic Ray Research. - 5.2 The "Rosetta Stone" of Paleocosmic Ray Studies. - 5.3 Some Important Definitions. - 5.4 The Origin and Properties of the Galactic Cosmic Radiation. - 5.5 Our Variable Sun. - 5.6 The Heliosphere, the Termination Shock, and the Current Sheet. - 5.7 Modulation of the Cosmic Radiation in the Heliosphere. - 5.7.1 The Cosmic Ray Propagation Equation. - 5.7.2 The Local Interstellar Spectrum. - 5.7.3 The Cosmic Ray Modulation Function and Potential. - 5.7.4 Practical Applications of the Modulation Function. - 5.7.5 Drift Effects (qA Positive and qA Negative Effects). - 5.7.6 Shock Wave Effects (The Forbush Decrease and GMIRs). - 5.8 Geomagnetic Field Effects. - 5.8.1 The Properties of the Geomagnetic Field. - 5.8.2 The Geomagnetic Cut-off Rigidity. - 5.8.3 The Earth's Magnetosphere and the Polar Aurora. - References. - 6 Instrumental Measurements of the Cosmic Radiation. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Ionization Chambers and Muon Telescopes. - 6.3 The IGY and IQSY Neutron Monitors, and Spaceship Earth. - 6.4 Satellite Borne Detectors. - 6.5 Latitude Effects and the Yield Functions. - 6.6 Inter-calibration of the Different Cosmic Ray Records. - 6.7 Cosmic Ray Archives. - References. - 7 Time Variations of the Cosmic Radiation. - 7.1 Introduction and Atmospheric Effects. - 7.2 The Eleven-and Twenty-Two-Year Variations. - 7.3 The Long-term Variations. - 7.4 Forbush Decreases, Globally Merged Interaction Regions and Some Smaller Effects. - References. - 8 The Solar Cosmic Radiation. - 8.1 Historical Overview. - 8.2 The Observed Production of Cosmic Rays by the Sun. - 8.2.1Ground Level Events. - 8.2.2 SEP Events Observed by Satellites. - 8.2.3 Paleo-Cosmic Ray Measurements of SEP Events. - 8.3 Overall Characteristics of the Solar Cosmic Radiation. - 8.3.1 The Energy Spectra. - 8.3.2 The Effect of Longitude Relative to the Central Solar Meridian. - 8.3.3 The Frequency of Occurrence, and the Detection of Historic SEP Events. - References. - Part 3 Cosmogenic Radionuclides. - 9 Introduction to Cosmogenic Radionuclides. - 10 Production of Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Atmosphere. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Interaction of Primary Cosmic Rays with the Atmosphere. - 10.2.1 Production of Secondary Particles. - 10.2.2 Ionization and Excitation Processes. - 10.2.3 Simulated Atmospheric Proton and Neutron Fluxes. - 10.3 Production of Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Atmosphere. - 10.3.1 Early Production Models. - 10.3.2 Production Cross-Sections. - 10.3.3 Production Rates and Inventories. - 10.4 Production Results and Analytical Tools. - References. - 11 Production of Cosmogenic Radionuclides in Other Environmental Systems. - 11.1 Introduction. - 11.2 Terrestrial Solid Matter (Rocks, Ice). - 11.2.1 36Cl Production in Limestone and Dolomite. - 11.2.2 10Be and 14C Production in Ice. - 11.3 Extraterrestrial Solid Matter. - References. - 12 Alternative Production Mechanisms. - 12.1 Introduction. - 12.2 Natural Production Mechanisms. - 12.2.1 Cosmic Ray Induced Reactions. - 12.2.2 Radioactive Decay-Induced Reactions. - 12.3 Anthropogenic Production Mechanisms. - 12.3.1 Nuclear Power Plant and Nuclear Bomb-Induced Reactions. - 12.3.2 Research, Industrial, and Medical Induced Reactions. - References. - 13 Transport and Deposition. - 13.1 Introduction. - 13.2 Basics of the Atmosphere. - 13.3 Removal or Scavenging Processes. - 13.3.1 Wet Deposition. - 13.3.2 Dry Deposition. - 13.3.3 Gravitational Settling. - 13.3.4 The Big Picture. - 13.4 Modelling the Atmospheric Transport. - 13.4.1 Summary. - 13.5 Geochemical Cycles. - 13.5.1 Introduction. - 13.5.2 The Beryllium Cycle. - 13.5.3 Carbon Cycle. - 13.5.4 The Chlorine Cycle. - 13.5.5 The Iodine Cycle. - References. - 14 Archives. - 14.1 Introduction. - 14.2 Intrinsic Properties of the Cosmogenic Radionuclide Archives. - 14.3 Time Scales. - 14.4 Examples of Archives. - 14.5 Proxies and Surrogates. - 14.6 Properties of Data in the Cosmogenic Archives. - 14.6.1 Sampling Effects. - 14.6.2 Transfer Functions. - 14.7 Modelled Transfer Functions. - 14.7.1 10Be and 7Be in the Atmosphere. - 14.7.2 10Be and 26Al in Deep-Sea Sediments. - References. - 15 Detection. - 15.1 Introduction. - 15.2 Low-Level Decay Counting. - 15.3 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. - 15.4 Decay Versus Atom Counting. - 15.5 Other Techniques, Optical Methods. - 15.5.1 Final Remarks. - References. - Part 4 Applications. - 16 Introduction to Applications. - 17 Solar Physics. - 17.1 Introduction. - 17.2 Solar Periodicities and the "Grand Minima" in the Cosmogenic Radionuclide Record. - 17.2.1 Solar Periodicities: Time Domain Studies. - 17.2.2 Solar Periodicities: Frequency Domain Studies. - 17.3 Cosmic Rayand Solar Effects in the Past. - 17.3.1 The Past Millennium. - 17.3.2 The Past 10,000 Years (the "Holocene"). - 17.3.3 The Long Solar Minimum of 2007-2009. - 17.4 The Heliomagnetic Field Throughout the Past 10,000 Years. - 17.5 Solar Irradiance and Terrestrial Climate. - 17.6 Radiation Doses on Earth and in Space in the Future. - 17.7 Quantitative Measures of Solar Activity for the Past. - 17.7.1 Reconstructed Sunspot Numbers. - 17.7.2 Modulation Function. - References. - 18 Galactic Astronomy. - 18.1 Introduction. - 18.2 Galactic Structure. - 18.3 Individual Supernova. - References. - 19 Atmosphere. - 19.1 Introduction. - 19.2 Studies of Atmospheric Mixing. - 19.3 36Cl Bomb Pulse as a Tracer of Atmospheric Transport. - 19.4 Concentrations and Fluxes. - References. - 20 Hydrosphere. - 20.1 Introduction. - 20.2 Tritium. - 20.3 Carbon-14. - 20.4 Krypton-81. - 20.5 Chlorine-36. - 20.6 Beryllium-7 to Beryllium-10 Ratio. - References. - 21 Geosphere. - 21.1 Introduction. - 21.2 Geomagnetic Field Intensity. - 21.3 Transport of Cosmogenic Radionuclides in Geological Systems. - 21.3.1 Introduction. - 21.3.2 Migration in Ice. - 21.3.3 Transport in Soils. - 21.3.4 Transport in Rocks. - 21.3.5 Formation of Loess Plateaus. - 21.3.6 Subduction. - References. - 22 Biosphere. - 22.1 Introduction. - 22.2 Radiocarbon Applications. - 22.3 Chlorine-36 in Ecosystems. - 22.4 Iodine-129. - 22.5 Aluminium-26. - References. - 23 Dating. - 23.1 Introduction. - 23.2 Absolute Dating. - 23.2.1 Principle of Radiocarbon Dating. - 23.2.2 Exposure Dating. - 23.2.3 10Be/36Cl- and 7Be/10Be-Dating. - 23.3 Synchronization of Records. - 23.3.1 10Be or 36Cl with 14C During the Holocene. - 23.3.2 The Use of Time Markers. - References. - Glossary. - Index.

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2011

Note: http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Projektberichte/acatech_Berichtet-und-Empfiehlt_MoMoTech_WEB.pdf

Note: Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Popov, Valentin L.: Kontaktmechanik und Reibung

Note: Contents: PART I GEOLOGICAL AND PALEOECOLOGICAL EVENTS OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE IN NORTHERN EURASIA. - 1 Geological and Paleoecological Events of the Late Pleistocene along Eurasian Coastal Areas of the Arctic Ocean. - General Upper Pleistocene Stratigraphie Scheme for Northern Eurasia. - Duration of the Mikulino Interglaciation. - Correlation of the Natural Events Correlative with MIS 5d-5a in Northern West Europe and Northwestern Russia. - 2 Late Pleistocene Geologic-Paleoecological Events in the North of European Russia. - Relationship between Land and Sea Areas during the Mikulino Interglacial in Northern Eurasia. - Genetic Types of Continental Sediments. - Marine Sediments of the Boreal Transgression in the North of European Russia. - 3 Main Geologic-Paieoecoioglcal Events of the Late Pleistocene in the North of Western Siberia. - 4 Geologic-Paleoecological Events of the late Pleistocene in the Northern-Siberian Lowland and Taimyr Peninsula. - 5 The Late Glacial Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia. - 6 Outlines of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene History of the East Arctic Seas. - 7 The Deglaciation Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia. - PART II MARINE SEDIMENTATION IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN AND SUBARCTIC SEAS. - 8 The Seas of West Subarctic Region. - Geologic and Oceanographic Setting. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation Rates. - History of Sedimentation on the Vøring Plateau During the Last 25 ka. - History of Sedimentation at the Continental Margin of Eastern and South-Eastern Greenland During the Last 130 ka. - 9 The Arctic Ocean. - Recent Environment. - Morphostructure, Oceanographic and Sea-Ice Setting, Recent Sediments and Their Mineral Composition. - Facies Variations of Holocene Sediments on the Yermak Plateau (According to Study Data of 〉 63 mkm Fraction). - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation Rates During the Last 130 ka. - History of Sedimentation on the Yermak Plateau During the Last 190 ka. - Organic-Geochemical Sediment Studies of the Eastern Part of the Central Arctic. - 10 The Western Arctic Seas. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - The Barents Sea. - The Kara Sea. - Surface Sediments of the Pechora Sea. - Surface Sediments of St. Anna Trough. - Facies Zonality of Surface Sediments in the Eastern Kara Sea. - History of Sedimentation. - Late- and Post-Glacial History of Sedimentation in the Eastern Part of the Barents Sea. - Holocene Sedimentation History in the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trough. - History of Sedimentation in the Pechora Sea During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. - Light Fraction Mineralogy of the Upper Quaternary Sediments from the Saint Anna Trough and Its Paleoceanographic Interpretation. - Holocene History of Yenisei River Discharge. - Holocene History of Ob River Discharge. - 11 Eastern Arctic Seas. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - The Laptev Sea. - The East Siberian Sea. - The Chukchi Sea. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation in the Laptev Sea During the Late Weichselian to Holocene by Geophysical and Geochemical Data. - Holocene History of the Lena and Other Rivers Discharge in the Laptev Sea. - Organic Geochemical Data About Sedimentation History Along the Continental Slope of the East Siberian Sea During the Last Climatic Cycle. - Preliminary Data About Accumulation of Diatom-Bearing Clayey Silts at the Chukchi Sea Shelf. - 12 Seas of the Eastern Subarctic. - Recent Sedimentation Environment. - History of Sedimentation. - History of Sedimentation in the Deep-Water Part of the Shirshov Ridge (Bering Sea) During the Last Three Marine-Isotope Stages. - History of Sedimentation in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk During the Last 1.1 Ma. - PART III THE LATE PLEISTOCENE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVENTS OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND HISTORY OF SEDIMENTATION IN THE SUBARCTIC SEAS AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN RELATION TO THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE GLACIATION DURING THE LAST CLIMATIC CYCLE. - 13 Characteristic Features of the Mikulino Landscapes. - 14 Results of Paleoclimate Studies. - 15 Particularities of Sedimentation Processes Within the Continental Blocks and Marine Basins. - Deglaciation Peculiarities. - Facies Variability during Glaciations, Deglaciations, Interglacials. - Geological History of the Arctic Ocean Sea Ice during the Last 60 ka. - Intercoupling of Atmo-, Hydro-, Cryo-, Bio-, and Lithospheres. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents: PART I PRINCIPLES OF EXTREME SOIL MICROBIOLOGY. - 1 The Microbiological Promises of Extreme Soils / Patrice Dion. - 2 Microbial Diversity, Life Strategies, and Adaptation to Life in Extreme Soils / Vigdis Torsvik and Lise Øvreås. - 3 Extreme Views on Prokaryote Evolution / Patrice Dion. - 4 Biodiversity: Extracting Lessons from Extreme Soils / Diana H. Wall. - PART II NATURAL EXTREME SOILS. - 5 Halophilic and Halotolerant Micro-Organisms from Soils / Antonio Ventosa, Encarnacion Mellado, Cristina Sanchez-Porro, and M. Carmen Marquez. - 6 Atacama Desert Soil Microbiology / Benito G6mez-Silva, Fred A. Rainey, Kimberley A. Warren-Rhodes, Christopher P. McKay, and Rafael Navarro-Gonzruez. - 7 Microbial Communities and Processes in Arctic Permafrost Environments / Dirk Wagner. - 8 Aerobic, Endospore-Forming Bacteria from Antarctic Geothermal Soils / Niall A. Logan and Raymond N. Allan. - 9 Peatland Microbiology / Shwet Kamal and Ajit Vanna. - 10 Subsurface Geomicrobiology of the Iberian Pyritic Belt / Ricardo Amils, David Femandez-Remolar, Felipe Gómez, Elena González-Toril, Nuria Rodriguez, Carlos Briones, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Jose Luis Sanz, Emiliano Díaz,Todd O. Stevens, Carol R. Stoker, the MARTE Team. - 11 The Potential for Extant Life in the Soils of Mars / Ronald L. Crawford and David A. Newcombe. - PART III ANTHROPOGENIC EXTREME SOILS. - 12 Bacteriology of Extremely Cold Soils Exposed to Hydrocarbon Pollution / Lucas A.M. Ruberto, Susana C. Vazquez, and Walter P. Mac Cormack. - 13 Microbiology of Oil-Contaminated Desert Soils and Coastal Areas in the Arabian Gulf Region / Samir Radwan. - 14 Microbial Communities in Fire-Affected Soils / Christopher Janzen and Tarnmy Tobin-Janzen. - 15 Endophytes and Rhizosphere Bacteria of Plants Growing in Heavy Metal-Containing Soils / Angela Sessitsch and Markus Puschemeiter. - 16 Interactions of Fungi and Radionuclides in Soil / John Dighton, Tatyana Tugay, and Nelli Zhdanova. - Index.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: TEIL I - PHYSIK DER ATMOSPHÄRISCHEN GRENZSCHICHT. - 1 Der Grenzschicht-Begriff. - 1.1 Die Atmosphärische Grenzschicht, der unterste Teil der Troposphäre. - 1.2 Der Grenzschicht-Begriff in der allgemeinen Strömungslehre. - 1.3 Anwendung der Bewegungsgleichung. - 1.4 Gedanklicher Übergang zur Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 1.5 Skalenanalyse. - 1.5.1 Beispiel 1: Thermische Diffusion bei vorgegebener charakteristischer Länge. - 1.5.2 Beispiel 2: Höhe einer stationären Laborgrenzschicht. - 1.5.3 Beispiel 3: Höhe einer stationären Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 1.6 Dimensionsanalyse. - 1.7 Unterschiedliche Definitionen der Grenzschichthöhe aus dem Profilverlauf. - 1.8 Typen der Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 2 Flussdichten. - 2.1 Turbulenz. - 2.2 Formulierung von Flussdichten. - 2.2.1 Die transportierte Eigenschaft ist ein Skalar. - 2.2.2 Die transportierte Eigenschaft ist die Komponente eines Vektors. - 2.2.3 Der molekulare Impulstransport. - 3 Die hydrodynamischen Grundgleichungen. - 3.1 Die Komponentenschreibweise. - 3.2 Die Kontinuitätsgleichung. - 3.3 Die Gasgleichung. - 3.4 Skalenanalyse von mit Fluktuationsgrößen gebildeten Termen. - 3.5 Die Bewegungsgleichung. - 3.6 Die Haushaltsgleichungen für die fühlbare Wärme und den Wasserdampf. - 3.7 Die Randbedingungen. - 4 Haushaltsgleichungen von Größen, die dieTurbulenz beschreiben. - 4.1 Die Haushaltsgleichung für die turbulente kinetische Energie. - 4.2 Weitere Gleichungen fur kinetische Energien. - 4.3 Allgemeines über Haushaltsgleichungen für Momente zweiter Ordnung. - 4.4 Spektraler Transfer. - 4.5 Quantitative Beispiele. - 5 Die Parametrisierung. - 5.1 Das Problem. - 5.2 Die Schließung erster Ordnung. - 5.2.1 Der K-Ansatz und die Theorie des Mischungsweges. - 5.2.2 Der Differenzen-Ansatz. - 5.3 Schließungen höherer Ordnung. - 6 Dynamik der Ekman-Schicht. - 6.1 Die Ekman-Spirale in der Atmosphäre. - 6.1.1 Die Ekman-Gleichungen. - 6.1.2 Lösung der Ekman-Gleichungen mit KM = const. - 6.1.3 Lösung der Ekman-Gleichungen mit höhenabhängigem KM. - 6.1.4 Darstellung und Interpretation der Lösungen. - 6.2 Die vertikale Struktur der Atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. - 6.2.1 Die Höhe der Prandtl-Schicht. - 6.2.2 Die Höhe der dynamischen Grenzschicht. - 6.2.3 Das Gesamtbild der Struktur der horizontal homogenen dynamischen Grenzschicht. - 6.3 Die Ekman-Spirale im Ozean. - 7 Die Prandtl-Schicht. - 7.1 Das logarithmische Windprofil bei neutraler Schichtung. - 7.2 Überlegungen zum diabatischen Windprofil. - 7.3 Stabilitätsbetrachtungen. - 7.4 Das Turbulenzkriterium von L.F. Richardson. - 7.5 Die Ähnlichkeitstheorie von Monin und Obukhov. - 7.6 Das aus der Ähnlichkeitstheorie folgende Windprofil. - 7.7 Allgemeine Formulierung der Profilbeziehungen. - 7.8 Die Bestimmung der Funktionen φ (ζ) und j (ζ). - 7.9 Die Bulk-Transportkoeffizienten oder -widerstände. - 7.10 Weitere Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Prandtl-Schicht. - 8 Die Rossby-Zahl-Ähnlichkeitstheorie. - 8.1 Grundlagen. - 8.2 Die Widerstandsgesetze der AGS. - 8.3 Einfache Modelle für die gesamte AGS. - 9 Die konvektive Grenzschicht. - 9.1 Einordnung in die Grundtypen der AGS. - 9.2 Ähnlichkeitsbetrachtungen. - 9.3 Die beobachtete Struktur der konvektiven Grenzschicht. - 9.4 Konzeptionelle Modelle. - 9.4.1 Die Grundstruktur der konvektiven Grenzschicht. - 9.4.2 Die trockene konvektive Grenzschicht. - 9.4.3 Die konvektive Grenzschicht mit Wolken (feuchte CBL). - 10 Die stabile Grenzschicht. - 10.1 Das Phänomen. - 10.2 Der nächtliche Grenzschicht-Strahlstrom. - TEIL II - MIKROMETEOROLOGIE. - 11 Die Energiebilanz an der Erdoberfläche. - 11.1 Die Strahlungsbilanz. - 11.2 Der Bodenwärmestrom. - 11.3 Die Energiebilanzterme über wirklichen Oberflächen. - 11.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen den Energiebilanztermen. - 11.5 Messung der Energiebilanzterme. - 11.6 Beispiele. - 12 Mikroklimate. - 12.1 Definition. - 12.2 Beispiele. - 12.3 Interne Grenzschichten. - 13 Das Bestandsklima. - 13.1 Eigenschaften einer Vegetationsdecke. - 13.2 Die Verdunstung. - 13.2.1 Photosynthese und Respiration. - 13.2.2 Die potentielle Verdunstung. - 13.2.3 Die aktuelle Verdunstung. - 13.3 Boden-Vegetation-Atmosphäre-Wechselwirkung (SVAT). - 14 Mikrometeorologie über Schnee- und Eisoberflächen. - 14.1 Problematik und einige Phänomene. - 14.2 Freie und bedeckte Ablation. - 14.2.1 Grundlagen für ein einfaches Modell. - 14.2.2 Freie Ablation. - 14.2.3 Bedeckte Ablation. - 14.2.4 Ablationsdiagramme. - Anhang - Zur Geschichte der Grenzschicht-Meteorologie. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Sachverzeichnis.

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c 2008

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einführung. - 1.1 Beispiele für Zeitreihen. - 1.2 Trendschätzung. - 1.3 Schätzung saisonaler Anteile in Zeitreihen. - Aufgaben. - 2 Stationarität und grundlegende Modelle der Zeitreihenanalyse. - 2.1 Stationarität von Zeitreihen. - 2.2 Grundlegende stationäre Zeitreihenmodelle. - 2.3 Empirische Autokovarianzen und Autokorrelationen. - 2.4 Gaußsche Zeitreihen. - 2.5 Die partielle Autokorrelation. - Aufgaben. - 3 Die Autokovarianz und die Autokorrelation. - 3.1 Grundlegende Eigenschaften. - 3.2 Spektralmaß und Spektraldichte. - Aufgaben. - 4 Lineare Vorhersage bei endlicher Vergangenheit. - 4.1 Die rekursive Gram-Schmidt-Orthogonalisierung. - 4.2 Die Levinson-Rekursion. - Aufgaben. - 5 Der Spektralsatz für stationäre Zeitreihen. - 5.1 Die Spektraldarstellung zyklischer Zeitreihen. - 5.2 Maße mit orthogonalen Werten und ein stochastisches Integral. - 5.3 Der Spektralsatz. - 5.4 Eine Substitutionsregel für stochastische Integrale. - Aufgaben. - 6 Filterung stationärer Zeitreihen. - 6.1 Grundbegriffe und einfache Eigenschaften von Filtern. - 6.2 Spezielle Filter. - 6.3 Zweiseitige MA-Reihen. - Aufgaben. - 7 ARMA-Modelle. - 7.1 Definition und Existenz von ARMA-Reihen. - 7.2 Kausalität und Invertibilität von ARMA-Reihen. - 7.3 Lineare Li-Filter. - Aufgaben. - 8 Die Autokovarianz und Autokorrelation von ARMA-Reihen im reellen Fall. - 8.1 Die Berechnung der Autokovarianzen von ARMA-Reihen aus der MA-Darstellung. - 8.2 Die Differenzengleichung für die Koeffizienten der MA-Darstellung. - 8.3 Die Differenzengleichung für die Autokovarianzen und die Yule-Walker-Gleichungen bei AR-Reihen. - 8.4 Identifizierbarkeit der Parameter von ARMA-Zeitreihen. - Aufgaben. - 9 Deterministische und rein nicht—deterministische Zeitreihen. - 9.1 Die Wold-Zerlegung. - 9.2 Approximation durch AR- und MA-Reihen. - Aufgaben. - 10 Asymptotische Eigenschaften von Schätzverfahren in linearen Zeitreihenmodellen. - 10.1 Einfache asymptotische Eigenschaften des Stichprobenmittels und der Stichprobenautokovarianz. - 10.2 Schwache Abhängigkeit. - 10.3 Ein zentraler Grenzwertsatz für schwach abhängige Zufallsvariable. - 10.4 Asymptotische Normalität des Stichprobenmittels und der Stichprobenautokovarianz. - Aufgaben. - 11 Parameterschätzung in ARMA Modellen 11.1 Parameterschätzung für autoregressive Zeitreihen. - 11.2 Maximum-Likelihood Schätzer im autoregressiven Modell. - 11.3 Parameterschätzung in autoregressiven Modellen mit wachsender Ordnung. - 11.4 Parameterschätzung für ARMA-Zeitreihen. - Aufgaben. - 12 Schätzen im Spektralbereich. - 12.1 Parametrische Spektraldichteschätzung. - 12.2 Das Periodogramm. - 12.3 Eigenschaften des Periodogramms. - 12.4 Lag-Window-Schätzer der Spektraldichte. - 12.5 Das geglättete Periodogramm. - 12.6 Konfidenzintervalle für die Spektraldichte. - 12.7 Das integrierte Periodogramm. - Aufgaben. - 13 Modellierung mit ARMA-Zeitreihen. - 13.1 ARIMA-Zeitreihen. - 13.2 Ordnungswahl in ARMA-Zeitreihen. - 13.3 Threshold Zeitreihenmodelle. - Aufgaben. - 14 Grundlagen finanzieller Zeitreihen. - 14.1 GARCH-Modelle. - 14.2 Parameterschätzung in GARCH-Modellen. - 14.3 Anwendung der GARCH-Methodik. - Aufgaben. - 15 Grundlagen multivariater Zeitreihen. - 15.1 Multivariate Spektraltheorie. - 15.2 Multivariate Filter. - 15.3 Der quadratische Kohärenzkoeffizient und verwandte Größen. - 15.4 Schätzer der Spektraldichtematrix. - 15.5 Multivariate ARMA-Reihen. - 15.6 Schätzung des Mittelwertvektors und der Autokovarianzmatrix einer multivariaten Zeitreihe. - 15.7 Lineare Vorhersage bei multivariaten Zeitreihen 354 15.8 Zustandsraummodelle. - 15.9 Der Kaiman-Filter zur linearen Vorhersage. - Aufgaben. - A Anhang. - A.1 Einige nützliche Formeln. - A.2 Integration komplexer Funktionen. - A.3 Elementare Hilbertraum Theorie. - A.4 Lösungen einer homogenen Differenzengleichung. - A.5 Konvergenzbegriffe in der Stochastik. - A.6 Die Moore-Penrose-Inverse. - XIV Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis. -

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2005 [erschienen 2004]

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 2 Features of the Arctic Seas of Russia and Their Ecosystems 2.1 Brief History of the Studies 2.2 Physical Geography 2.3 Features of Geological Structure and Sedimentation 2.4 Hydrology 2.5 Hydrochemistry 2.5.1 Oxygen 2.5.2 pH 2.5.3 Alkalinity 2.5.4 Nutrients (P, N, and Si) 3 Biological Production of the Arctic Seas of Russia 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Barents Sea 3.3 White Sea 3.4. Kara Sea 3.5. Seas of the East Arctic 4 Particulate Matter and Vertical Carbon Fluxes in the Water–Bottom System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Barents Sea 4.3 White Sea 4.4 Kara Sea 4.5 Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas 4.6 Carbon Fluxes from the Photic Zone to the Seafloor 4.7 Conclusion 5 Horizontal Carbon Fluxes in the Land–Sea System 5.1 Riverine Runoff and Carbon Fluxes 5.1.1 Water Runoff and Particulate Matter Supply 5.1.2 Carbon runoff 5.2 Coastal Abrasion and Carbon Fluxes 5.3 Aerosols and Eolian Carbon Fluxes 5.4 Underground and Glacial Runoff 5.4.1 Underground Runoff 5.4.2 Ice and Glacial Discharge 5.4.3 Interstitial Waters 6 Carbon in the Bottom Sediments 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Brief History of the Studies of Carbon and Organic Matter Composition 6.3 Selected Features of the Polar Lithogenesis 6.4 Organo-Chemical Composition of the Sediments 6.5 Distribution and Accumulation Rate of Carbon in the Bottom Sediments 6.5.1 Contents of TOC and Ccarb in Different Types of the Sediments 6.5.2 Distribution of TOC and its Accumulation Rate in the Bottom Sediments 6.5.3 Distribution of Ccarb and its Accumulation Rates in the Bottom Sediments 7 Elements of Carbon Balance and Cycling in the Arctic Seas of Russia 7.1 Fluxes and Balance of Masses 7.2 Ecological Features of the Arctic Seas and their Influence on Carbon Cycling References Index

Note: Contents: Contributing Authors. - SECTION 1. HISTORY OF RESEARCH OF POLAR SOIL. - The History of Research of Polar Soil: Introduction / S. V. Goryachkin. - Chapter 1. Soil Research in Arctic Alaska, Greenland, and Antarctica / J.C.F. Tedrow. - Chapter 2. The History of Research of Eurasian Cryosols / S.V. Goryachkin, N.A. Karavaeva, and O.V. Makeev. - Chapter 3. Northern Soil Research in Canada / C. Tarnocai. - SECTION 2. THE GEOGRAPHY OF CRYOSOLS. - The Geography of Cryosols: Introduction / C.A. Scott Smith and S.V. Goryachkin. - Chapter 1. Similarities and Differences in Arctic and Antarctic Soil Zones / S. V. Goryachkin, H.P. Blume, L. Beyer, I. Campbell, G. Claridge, J. G. Bockheim, N.A. Karavaeva, V. Targulian, and C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 2. Cryosols in Alaska / C.-L. Ping, M. H. Clark, and D. K. Swanson. - Chapter 3. Cryosols of Arctic Canada / C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 4. Cryosols of the Boreal, Subarctic, and Western Cordillera Regions of Canada / C. A. S. Smith and H. Veldhuis. - Chapter 5. Cryosols in the Russian Arctic Archipelagos / S. V. Goryachkin and N. A. Karavaeva. - Chapter 6. Soils and Soil Cover of Northeastern Eurasia / Ye. M. Naumov. - Chapter 7. Cryosols of the Russian European North / S. V. Goryachkin and I. V. Ignatenko. - Chapter 8. Cryosols of Western Siberia / N. Karavaeva. - Chapter 9. Cryosols of the Mountains of Southern Siberia and Far Eastern Russia / R. G. Gracheva. - Chapter 10. Geography and Ecology of Cryogenic Soils of Mongolia / S. V. Maximovich. - Chapter 11. The Periglacial Environment and Distribution of Cryosols in China / C.-L. Ping, G. Qiu, and L.Zhao. - Chapter 12. Cryosols of the Arid Antarctic / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 13. The Soil Cover of Central Siberia / I. A. Sokolov, T. V. Ananko, and D. Ye. Konyushkov. - SECTION 3. PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES OF CRYOSOLS. - Properties and Processes of Cryosols: Introduction / B. Van Vliet-Lanoë. - Chapter 1. Physico-Chemical Processes in Cryogenic Soils / V. Ostroumov. - Chapter 2. Micromorphology of Cryosols / B. Van Vliet-Lanoë, C. A. Fox, and S. V. Gubin. - Chapter 3. The Thermal Regime of Cryosols / C. R. Burn. - Chapter 4. Cryosols in the Extremely Arid Transantarctic Mountains Region of Antarctica / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 5. Mineralogy and Weathering of Antarctic Cryosols / H.-P. Blume, J. Chen, E. Kalk, and D. Kuhn. - Chapter 6. Weathering Processes in Arid Cryosols / G. G. C. Claridge and I. B. Campbell. - SECTION 4. ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CRYOSOLS. - Ecological Processes of Cryosols: Introduction / L. Beyer. - Chapter 1. Organic Matter and Bioactivity in Cryosols of Arctic Alaska / G. J. Michaelson, X.Y. Dai, and C.-L Ping. - Chapter 2. The Biological Cycle in Terrestrial Polar Ecosystems and its Influence on Soil Formation / D. G. Zamolodchikov and D. G. Fedorov-Davydov. - Chapter 3. Soil Organic Matter Storage in Cold Soils of CoastalEastern Antarctica (Casey Station, Wilkes Land) / L. Beyer, K. Pingpank, M. Bölter, and R. D. Seppelt. - Chapter 4. Composition and Transformation of Soil Organic Matter in Cryosols and Gelic Histosols in Coastal Eastern Antarctica (Casey Station, Wilkes Land) / L. Beyer, D. M. White, K. Pingpank, and M. Bolter. - Chapter 5. Microorganisms and Microbial Processes in Antarctic Soils / M. Bolter and E. Kandeler. - Chapter 6. The Biology of Arid Cryosols / G. G. C. Claridge and I. B. Campbell. - Chapter 7. Biodiversity, primary productivity, and the seasonal dynamic of soil processes in Taimyr soil-permafrost complexes / V. D. Vassiljevskaja, B. Pospelova, and V. Telesnina. - SECTION 5. CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOSOLS. - Classification of Cryosols: Introduction / G. Broil and D. Ye. Konyushkov. - Chapter 1. Classification of Cryosols in Canada / C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 2. Classification of Cryosols in Russia / G. Mazhitova. - Chapter 3. The Gelisol Order in Soil Taxonomy / R. J. Ahrens, J. G. Bockheim, and C-L. Ping. - Chapter 4. Classification of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the WRB / C. Tarnocai, G. Broil, and H.-P. Blume. - SECTION 6. MANAGEMENT AND USE OF CRYOSOLS. - Management and Use of Cryosols: Introduction / I. B.Campbell. - Chapter 1. Agricultural Use of Tundra Soils in the Vorkuta Area, Northeast European Russia / I. A. Archegova, N. Kotelina, and G. Mazhitova. - Chapter 2. Disposal of Mine Tailings in Continuous Permafrost Areas:Environmental Aspects and Future Control Strategies / B. Elberling. - Chapter 3. Environmental Impacts and Recovery from Human Activities on Cryosols of the Transantarctic Mountains / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 4. Soil Properties and Relationships in Cryosols of theRegion of the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge

Note: Contents (I) Motivation and Methods (A) The Antarctic Ice Sheet and its Role in the Global System (A.1) Main Geographic and Glaciologic Provinces of Antarctica (A.2) Climatic Change, Sea-Level Rise,and Changes in the Cryosphere (A.3) Modeling Versus Measuring B) Satellite Remote Sensing (B.1) An Overview of Ice Sheet Observations by Satellite (B.2) Satellite Radar Altimetry (B.2.1) Satellite Missions with Radar Altimeter Observations (B.2.1.1) SEASAT (B.2.1.2) GEOSAT (B.2.1.3) ERS-1 and ERS-2 (B.2.1.4) Other Missions with Altimeters, and Related Missions (B.2.2) Mission Types: Exact Repeat Missions and Geodetic Missions (B.2.3) Radar Measurement Principles (B.3) Analysis of Satellite Radar Altimeter Data over Ice Sheets and Glaciers (B.3.1) Problems and Methods of Mapping Ice Surface Elevation (B.3.2) Derivation of Ice Surface Roughness and Morphology (C) Data Analysis Methods Applied in the Antarctic Atlas (C.0) Introduction (C.1) Corrections of Radar Altimeter Data (C.1.1) Corrections Applied to Satellite Radar Altimeter Data for Ice Surface Mapping (C.1.2) The Bad-Track Problem (C.1.3) The Need for Interpolation of Geophysical Line Survey Data (C.2) Map Projection and Atlas Mapping (C.2.1) The UTM Projection (C.2.2) The Atlas Mapping Problem (C.2.3) The Solution: The Antarctic Atlas Mapping Scheme (C.2.4) Map Sheet Calculation with TRANSVIEW (C.3) Geostatistical Estimation (C.3.1) Concept of the Regionalized Variable and Principles of Variography (C.3.2) Kriging (C.3.3) Variography for Satellite Radar Altimeter Data over Antarctic Ice Surfaces (C.3.4) Application: Search Algorithm and Kriging Parameters for Antarctic Atlas DTMs. Mapping Parameters (C.3.4.1) Search Routine for Geophysical Line Survey Data and Software (C.3.4.2) Grid Spacing (C.3.4.3) Mapping Parameters: Contouring and Coloring Scheme (C.3.5) Error Analysis (C.3.6) Influence of the Radar Altimeter Sensor Compared to Influence of the Variogramin Kriging for GEOSAT and ERS-1 Data (C.4) The Role of the Geodetic Reference Surface (C.4.1) Ellipsoid and Geoid Concepts (C.4.2) Mapping of Ice Surfaces with Reference to Geoid Models (II) The Atlas (D) Atlas Maps (D.0) Map Organization and Description Principles (D.1) Latitude Row 63-68°S: Maps from GEOSAT and ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m45e37-53n63-68 Casey Bay Map m57e49-65n63-68 Napier Mountains Map m69e61-77n63-68 Mawson Coast East Map m81e73-89n63-68 Leopold and Astrid Coast Map m93e85-101n63-68 Queen Mary Coast Map m105e97-113n63-68 Knox Coast Map m117e109-125n63-68 Sabrina Coast Map m129e121-137n63-68 Clarie Coast Map m141e133-149n63-68 Adélie Coast Map m153e145-161n63-68 Ninnis Glacier Tongue Map m297e289-305n63-68 Antarctic Peninsula (Graham Land) (D.2) Latitude Row 67-72.1°S: Maps from GEOSAT and ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m15we23W-7Wn67-721 Ekström Ice Shelf Map m3we11w-5n67-721 Fimbul Ice Shelf Map m9e1-17n67-721 Princess Astrid Coast Map m21e13-29n67-721 Erskine Iceport Map m33e25-41n67-721 Riiser-Larsen Peninsula Map m45e37-53n67-721 Prince Olav Coast Map m57e49-65n67-721 Kemp Coast Map m69e61-77n67-721 Lambert Glacier Map m81e73-89n67-721 Ingrid Christensen Coast Map m93e85-101n67-721 Wilkes Land (e85-101n67-721) Map m105e97-113n67-721 Wilkes Land (e97-113n67-721) Map m117e109-125n67-721 Wilkes Land (e109-125n67-721) Map m129e121-137n67-721 Wilkes Land (e121-137n67-721) Map m141e133-149n67-721 Wilkes Land (e133-149n67-721) Map m153e145-161n67-721 Cook Ice Shelf Map m165e157-173n67-721 Pennell Coast Map m292e284-300n67-721 Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer Land) (D.3) Latitude Row 71-77°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n71-77 Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf Map m357e339-15n71-77 New Schwabenland Map m21e3-39n71-77 Sør Rondane Mountains Map m45e27-63n71-77 Belgica Mountains Map m69e51-87n71-77 Upper Lambert Glacier Map m93e75-111n71-77 American Highland Map m117e99-135n71-77 Dome Charlie Map m141e123-159n71-77 Southern Wilkes Land (e123-159) Map m165e147-183n71-77 Victoria Land Map m213e195-231n71-77 Ruppert Coast Map m237e219-255n71-77 Bakutis Coast Map m261e243-279n71-77 Walgreen Coast Map m285e267-303n71-77 Ellsworth Land Map m309e291-327n71-77 Black Coast (D.4) Latitude Row 75-80°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n75-80 Coats Land Map m357e339-15n75-80 Western Queen Maud Land (North) Map m21e3-39n75-80 Central Queen Maud Land (North) Map m45e27-63n75-80 Valkyrie Dome Map m69e51-87n75-80 South of Lambert Glacier Map m93e75-111n75-80 East Antarctica (Sovetskaya) Map m117e99-135n75-80 East Antarctica (Vostok) Map m141e123-159n75-80 East Antarctica (Mt. Longhurst) Map m165e147-183n75-80 Scott Coast Map m189e171-207n75-80 Roosevelt Island Map m213e195-231n75-80 Saunders Coast Map m237e219-255n75-80 Northern Marie Byrd Land Map m261e243-279n75-80 Northern Hollick-Kenyon Plateau Map m285e267-303n75-80 Zumberge Coast Map m309e291-327n75-80 Ronne Ice Shelf (D.5) Latitude Row 78-81.5°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n78-815 Filchner Ice Shelf Map m357e339-15n78-815 Western Queen Maud Land (South) Map m21e3-39n78-815 Central Queen Maud Land (South) Map m45e27-63n78-815 Eastern Queen Maud Land (South) Map m69e51-87n78-815 Dome Argus Map m93e75-111n78-815 East Antarctica (e75-111n78-815) Map m117e99-135n78-815 EastAntarctica (e99-135n78-815) Map m141e123-159n78-815 Byrd Glacier Map m165e147-183n78-815 Hillary Coast Map m189e171-207n78-815 Ross Ice Shelf Map m213e195-231n78-815 Shirase Coast Map m237e219-255n78-815 Southern Marie Byrd Land Map m261e243-279n78-815 Southern Hollick-Kenyon Plateau Map m285e267-303n78-815 Ellsworth Mountains Map m309e291-327n78-815 Berkner Island (III) Applications (E) Monitoring Changes in Antarctic Ice SurfaceTopography: The Example of the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf System (E.1) The Problem of Monitoring Changes (E.2) Time Series of Digital Terrain Models and Maps (E.3) Altimeter Data: Acquisition and Corrections (E.4) Visual Comparison - Quantitative Comparison (E.5) Calculation of Elevation Changes (E.6) Discussion of Results on Elevation Changes (E.6.1) Results of the Monitoring Study (E.6.2) Comparison with Other Maps of Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf (E.7) On the Potential Existence of Surge Glaciers in the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf System (E.7.1) Introduction to the Surge Phenomenon and Relationship to Results of the Monitoring Study (E.7.2) Discussion of the Surge Hypothesis in the Glaciologic Literature (F) Detailed Studies of Selected Antarctic Outlet Glaciers and Ice Shelves (F.0) Introduction (F.1) Detail Map 1: Slessor Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.2) Detail Map 2: Stancomb-Wills Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.3) Detail Map 3: Jutulstraumen Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.4) Detail Map 4: Shirase Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.5) Detail Map 5: Lambert Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.6) Detail Map 6: West Ice Shelf (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.7) Detail Map 7: Denman Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.8) Detail Map 8: Vanderford Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.9) Detail Map 9: Totten Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.10) Detail Maps 10: Mertz Glacier,11: Ninnis Glacier, and 12: Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers (GEOSAT Data 1985-86) (F.11) Detail Map 13: Rennick Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.12) Detail Map 14: David Glacier/Drygalski Ice Tongue (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.13) Detail Map15: Thwaites Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.14) Detail Map 16: PineIsland Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (G) Combination of SAR and Radar Altimeter Data: Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf (IV) References and Appendix (H) References (I) Appendix (I.1)Glaciological Glossary (I.2) Index of Place Names (I.3) Antarctic Expeditions (I.3.1) Early Seagoing Expeditions (I.3.2) Expeditions to the Antarctic Continent (I.3.3) Antarctic Expeditions after the International Geophysical Year

Note: Table of Contents: I BASIC CONCEPTS AND DISCRETIZATIONS. - 1 Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations. - 1.1 Nonlinear Reaction Problems from Chemistry. - 1.2 Model Equations for Advection-Diffusion. - 1.3 Multi-dimensional Problems. - 1.4 Examples of Applications. - 2 Basic Discretizations for ODEs. - 2.1 Initial Value Problems and Euler's Method. - 2.2 Norms and Matrices. - 2.3 Perturbations on ODE Systems. - 2.4 The θ-Method and Stiff Problems. - 2.5 Stability of the θ-Method. - 2.6 Consistency and Convergence of the θ-Method. - 2.7 Nonlinear Results for the θ-Method. - 2.8 Concluding Remarks. - 3 Basic Spatial Discretizations. - 3.1 Discrete Fourier Decompositions. - 3.2 The Advection Equation. - 3.3 The Diffusion Equation. - 3.4 The Advection-Diffusion Equation. - 4 Convergence of Spatial Discretizations. - 4.1 Stability, Consistency and Convergence. - 4.2 Advection-Diffusion with Constant Coefficients. - 4.3 Advection with Variable Coefficients. - 4.4 Diffusion with Variable Coefficients. - 4.5 Variable Coefficients and Higher-Order Schemes. - 5 Boundary Conditions and Spatial Accuracy. - 5.1 Refined Global Error Estimates. - 5.2 Outflow with Central Advection Discretization. - 5.3 Boundary Conditions with the Heat Equation. - 5.4 Boundary Conditions and Higher-Order Schemes. - 6 Time Stepping for PDEs. - 6.1 The Method of Lines and Direct Discretizations. - 6.2 Stability, Consistency and Convergence. - 6.3 Stability for MOL - Stability Regions. - 6.4 Von Neumann Stability Analysis. - 7 Monotonicity Properties. - 7.1 Positivity and Maximum Principle. - 7.2 Positive Semi-discrete Systems. - 7.3 Positive Time Stepping Methods. - 7.4 Numerical Illustrations. - 8 Numerical Test Examples. - 8.1 The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. - 8.2 The Angiogenesis Model. - II TIME INTEGRATION METHODS. - 1 Runge-Kutta Methods. - 1.1 The Order Conditions. - 1.2 Examples. - 1.3 The Stability Function. - 1.4 Step Size Restrictions for Advection-Diffusion. - 1.5 Rosenbrock Methods. - 2 Convergence of Runge-Kutta Methods. - 2.1 Order Reduction. - 2.2 Local Error Analysis. - 2.3 Global Error Analysis. - 2.4 Concluding Notes. - 3 Linear Multistep Methods. - 3.1 The Order Conditions. - 3.2 Examples. - 3.3 Stability Analysis. - 3.4 Step Size Restrictions for Advection-Diffusion. - 3.5 Convergence Analysis. - 4 Monotone ODE Methods. - 4.1 Linear Positivity for One-Step Methods. - 4.2 Nonlinear Positivity for One-Step Methods. - 4.3 Positivity for Multistep Methods. - 4.4 Related Monotonicity Results. - 5 Variable Step Size Control. - 5.1 Step Size Selection. - 5.2 An Explicit Runge-Kutta Example. - 5.3 An Implicit Multistep Example. - 5.4 General Purpose ODE Codes. - 6 Numerical Examples. - 6.1 A Model for Antibodies in Tumorous Tissue. - 6.2 The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. - III ADVECTION-DIFFUSION DISCRETIZATIONS. - 1 Non-oscillatory MOL Advection Discretizations. - 1.1 Spatial Discretization for Linear Advection. - 1.2 Numerical Examples. - 1.3 Positivity and the TVD Property. - 1.4 Nonlinear Scalar Conservation Laws. - 2 Direct Space-Time Advection Discretizations. - 2.1 Optimal-Order DST Schemes. - 2.2 A Non-oscillatory Third-Order DST Scheme. - 2.3 Explicit Schemes with Unconditional Stability. - 3 Implicit Spatial Discretizations. - 3.1 Order Conditions. - 3.2 Examples. - 3.3 Stability and Convergence. - 3.4 Monotonicity. - 3.5 Time Integration Aspects. - 4 Non-uniform Grids - Finite Volumes (1D). - 4.1 Vertex Centered Schemes. - 4.2 Cell Centered Schemes. - 4.3 Numerical Illustrations. - 4.4 Higher-Order Methods and Limiting. - 5 Non-uniform Grids - Finite Elements (1D). - 5.1 The Basic Galerkin Method. - 5.2 Standard Galerkin Error Estimates. - 5.3 Upwinding. - 6 Multi-dimensional Aspects. - 6.1 Cartesian Grid Discretizations. - 6.2 Diffusion on Cartesian Grids. - 6.3 Advection on Cartesian Grids. - 6.4 Transformed Cartesian Grids. - 6.5 Unstructured Grids. - 7 Notes on Moving Grids and Grid Refinement. - 7.1 Dynamic Regridding. - 7.2 Static Regridding. - IV SPLITTING METHODS. - 1 Operator Splitting. - 1.1 First-Order Splitting. - 1.2 Second-Order Symmetrical Splitting. - 1.3 Higher-Order Splittings. - 1.4 Abstract Initial Value Problems. - 1.5 Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Splittings. - 1.6 Dimension Splitting. - 1. 7 Boundary Values and Stiff Terms. - 2 LOD Methods. - 2.1 The LOD-Backward Euler Method. - 2.2 LOD Crank-Nicolson Methods. - 2.3 The Trapezoidal Splitting Method. - 2.4 Boundary Correction Techniques. - 2.5 Numerical Comparisons. - 3 ADI Methods. - 3.1 The Peaceman-Rachford Method. - 3.2 The Douglas Method. - 4 IMEX Methods. - 4.1 The IMEX-θ Method. - 4.2 IMEX Multistep Methods. - 4.3 Notes on IMEX Runge-Kutta Methods. - 4.4 Concluding Remarks and Tests. - 5 Rosenbrock AMF Methods. - 5.1 One-Stage Methods of Order One and Two. - 5.2 Two-Stage Methods of Order Two and Three. - 5.3 A Three-Stage Method of Order Two. - 5.4 Concluding Remarks and Tests. - 6 Numerical Examples. - 6.1 Two Chemo-taxis Problems from Biology. - 6.2 The Numerical Methods. - 6.3 Numerical Experiments. - V STABILIZED EXPLICIT RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS. - 1 The RKC Family. - 1.1 Stability Polynomials. - 1.2 Integration Formulas. - 1.3 Internal Stability and Full Convergence Properties. - 2 The ROCK Family. - 2.1 Stability Polynomials. - 2.2 Integration Formulas. - 2.3 Internal Stability and Convergence. - 3 Numerical Examples. - 3.1 A Combustion Model. - 3.2 A Radiation-Diffusion Model. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung. - 1.1 Wesen und Funktion thematischer Karten. - 1.1.1 Funktion thematischer Karten. - 1.1.2 Definition der thematischen Karte. - 1.1.3 Typologie. - 1.1.4 Anforderungen und Grenzen. - 1.2 Thematische Karten in der raumbezogenen Forschung. - 1.3 Vorteile des Desktop Mapping. - 1.4 Geschichte der Computerkartographie. - 2 Einfiihrung in die thematische Kartographie. - 2.1 Aufbau einer thematischen Karte. - 2.1.1 Formale Bereiche. - 2.1.2 Kartenrandangaben. - 2.1.3 Inhaltliche Schichten. - 2.2 Grundkarte. - 2.2.1 Kartengrundlage. - 2.2.2 Maßstab. - 2.2.3 Netzentwürfe. - 2.2.4 Entwurf der Grundkarte. - 2.3 Ausdrucksformen und ihr Entwurf. - 2.3.1 Standortkarten. - 2.3.2 Choroplethenkarten. - 2.3.3 Diagrammkarten. - 2.3.4 Mehrschichtige Karten. - 2.3.5 Andere Kartentypen. - 2.4 Darstellung der Sachdaten. - 2.4.1 Darstellung qualitativer Daten. - 2.4.2 Darstellung quantitativer Daten. - 2.4.3 Darstellung zeitlicher Veränderungen und Abläufe. - 2.4.4 Darstellung von Richtungsdaten. - 2.4.5 Darstellung von Zusammenhängen. - 2.5 Gestaltung. - 2.5.1 Graphischer Aufbau. - 2.5.2 Graphische Grundelemente. - 2.5.3 Farbe. - 2.5.4 Beschriftungen. - 2.5.5 Kartenrandangaben. - 2.5.6 Zusammenspiel der kartographischen Elemente. - 3 Grundlagen der digitalen Kartographie. - 3.1 Hardwareausstattung des Arbeitsplatzes. - 3.1.1 Aufbau eines PCs. - 3.1.2 Komponenten im Rechnergehäuse. - 3.1.3 Bildschirm. - 3.1.4 Drucker und Plotter. - 3.1.5 Digitalisiertablett. - 3.1.6 Scanner. - 3.1.7 Kartographischer Arbeitsplatz. - 3.2 Software. - 3.2.1 Betriebssysteme. - 3.2.2 Software zur Kartographie. - 3.3 Raster- und Vektordaten. - 3.4 Geometrie- und Sachdaten. - 3.4.1 Koordinaten als Grundlage der Computerkarte. - 3.4.2 Geometriedaten und ihre Quellen. - 3.4.3 Sachdaten: Vorbereitung und Einlesen in die Karte. - 3.4.4 DDE und ODBC. - 3.5 Dateien: Typen und Umgang. - 3.5.1 Dateitypen. - 3.5.2 Graphikdateien. - 3.5.3 Organisation von Dateien. - 3.6 Kartenexport. - 3.7 Kartographie im Netz. - 3.7.1 Internet und seine Dienste. - 3.7.2 Möglichkeiten und Probleme. - 3.7.3 Präsentationsformen. - 3.7.4 Techniken im Web. - 3.8 Geoinformationssysteme. - 4 Software zur Kartenerstellung. - 4.1 Datenorientierte Anwendungen. - 4.2 Kartographie in Tabellenkalkulation und Statistik. - 4.3 Kartographieprogramme. - 4.3.1 ArcView GIS. - 4.3.2 EasyMap. - 4.3.3 Maplnfo Professional. - 4.3.4 MapViewer. - 4.3.5 MERCATOR. - 4.3.6 PCMap. - 4.3.7 PolyPlot. - 4.3.8 RegioGraph. - 4.3.9 THEMAP. - 4.4 Graphikprogramme. - 4.5 Programme zur Bildbearbeitung und -analyse. - 5 Zusammenfassung. - Literatur. - Anhang. - Anhang 1: Wichtige Adressen. - A. Statistische Ämter. - B. Landesvermessungsämter Deutschlands. - Anhang 2: Kartographische Software. - Anhang 3: Die grauen Kästen. - Anhang 4: Dokumentation der CD-ROM. - Index. , Systemvoraussetzungen der CD-ROM: Pentium III, 20 MB freier Festplattenspeicher, mind. 32 MB RAM, empfohlen 64 MB RAM, CD-Laufwerk, Windows 95/98/ME/NT 4.0/2000/XP Home, Internet Browser; Bildschirm mind. 1024x768 Pixel, 256 Farben; Acrobat Reader (Version 5.0 auf CD), Bitte beachten: Nicht jede der 10 Anwendungen lässt sich auf allen genannten Betriebssystemen installieren!

Note: Russ. Ausgabe als AWI G2-02-0113 verfügbar

Note: Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2001