ALBERT

Beschreibung: Two species of arrow squid, Nototodarus (Oegopsida: Ommastrephidae), are caught in New Zealand waters. The close similarity in most morphometric characters has lead to confusion over the status of the two species. They are distinguished by the number of pairs of suckers on the first right arm; adult males are distinguished by the number of proximal tubercles and the morphology of the distal part of the hectocotylised arm; fresh or frozen specimens can be identified by gel elec‐trophoresis of the enzyme glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase. Nototodarus sloanii is found in southern waters and N. gouldi in more northerly waters around New Zealand as well as southern waters of Australia. Differences between the two species are described and notes presented on their biology, abundance, and exploitation.

Beschreibung: Auf der Basis wirtschaftlicher und politischer Interessen haben ähnlich wie in der Antarktis auch in der Arktis die Forschungsaktivitäten in den letzten 10 Jahren sehr stark zugenommen. Im Vordergrund stehen die Prospektion und Ausbeutung von fossilen Brennstoffen, vor allem von Öl, aber auch der Ausbau der militärischen Sicherheit. Denn in der Arktis stehen sich die beiden großen Machtblöcke, USA und Sowjetunion, am nächsten gegenüber. Man hat wohl auch bald erkannt, daß die sogenannte angewandte Forschung in diesem nur unzureichend bekannten Terrain einer massiven Unterstützung durch die Grundlagenforschung bedurfte.

Beschreibung: Change of colour, consistency and pH in contents of the caecum and the stomach of laboratory-maintained long-finned squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii were determined. There was relatively little variability in any of these parameters of the specimens investigated. Colour and consistency of food or emulsion were used as a basis of analysis of stomach-caecum contents of wild squid. Most squid fed late during the night and/or during the early morning, and the frequency of caecum colour categories did not change much between trawls. Wild squid preyed upon different organisms according to their size. Squid of 69–125 mm dorsal mantle length fed mainly on euphausiids (95% by frequency of occurrence, 87,5% by mass) and those of 126–240 mm mainly on fish (78 and 74,3% respectively) with Bregmaceros?macclellandii and hake as important components. Unidentified fish in the stomachs (i.e. those from which no otoliths were available) probably also belonged to these two species.

Beschreibung: The diets of adult Macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus and Southern rockhopper penguins E. chrysocome chrysocome were analysed quantitatively at Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean, throughout two successive chick-rearing seasons. The diets were broadly similar. Crustaceans were the predominant prey type comprising, overall, 90% by mass and 98% by numbers in Macaroni penguins and 96% by mass and 99% by numbers in rockhopper penguins. Nauticaris marionis was the predominant crustacean eaten by both penguin species in 1983–84, but Euphausia vallentini and Thysanoessa vicina predominated in 1984–85. Themisto gaudichaudii was present in appreciable numbers only in Macaroni penguins. Fish was not found in measurable quantities in either species in 1983–84, but contributed 5% and 4% of the mass of the diet in Macaroni and rockhopper penguins, respectively, when calculated in terms of the original biomass of food ingested. In 1984–85, however, fish comprised 10% and 6% of observed mass and c. 25% and 14% of original biomass ingested in Macaroni and rockhopper penguins, respectively. Pelagic myctophids, predominantly Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisoni and P. normani between 0·01 and 8·3 g, were the most commonly identified fish prey, but Macaroni penguins took an appreciable number of Electrona carlsbergi in 1983–84. Cephalopods made up between 1 % and 3% of the diet by mass in both penguin species and between 5% and 13% of original biomass ingested. Predominant cephalopods eaten were Kondakovia longimana and an unidentified octopus species. The relative proportions of each prey type change throughout chick-rearing, with pelagic fish and cephalopods comprising a larger proportion later in the season when the penguins were assumed to be foraging farther from their breeding sites. Dietary segregation of the two species appears to be related to the difference in the timing of the breeding season, which begins three to four weeks earlier in Macaroni penguins.