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  • Books  (97)
  • E-Books: Earth and Environmental Science (AWI only)  (97)
  • 910.02  (59)
  • 551.46  (38)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental management. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: What Is Adventure Tourism? -- Chapter 2: Adventure Tourism in Antarctica -- Chapter 3: The Arctic Islands: Svalbard and Iceland -- Chapter 4: Adventure Tourism in the Russian Arctic -- Chapter 5: Adventure Tourism in Greenland -- Chapter 6: Adventure Tourism in the Canadian Arctic -- Chapter 7: Adventure Tourism in Alaska -- Chapter 8: Adventure Tourism in the Himalayas -- Chapter 9: The Andes -- Chapter 10: East Africa -- Chapter 11: Australia and New Zealand -- Chapter 12: Scotland -- Chapter 13: Climate Change and Adventure Tourism.
    Abstract: This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of adventure tourism and how these can be best managed. This volume follows on from the authors' previous textbook – ‘Outdoor Recreation: Environmental Impacts and Management’ and continues the aim of developing a deeper understanding of how tourist numbers impact the environment and to provide practical solutions to these problems. Combining their own first-hand experience and research with extensive literature review the authors present several popular adventure tourism destinations from across the globe, including the Arctic, the Himalayas, Africa, Australia and Scotland as case studies. Chapters cover the particular challenges faced by each region: including impacts on animals and birds; the spread of invasive plant species and diseases; trail impacts on vegetation; impacts on geological, historical and archaeological sites and pollution and waste issues. A discussion and evaluation of the possible management actions for minimising these impacts and how outdoor recreation tourists can be regulated concludes each chapter. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of adventure tourism and outdoor recreation as well as practitioners and managers working in the field. David Huddart is Emeritus Professor at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has extensive experience teaching landscape interpretation, recreation ecology, and outdoor and environmental education. Tim Stott is Professor of Physical Geography and Outdoor Education at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has been responsible for leading and teaching on the Outdoor Education programmes for 25 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 475 p. 141 illus., 131 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030186234
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Human geography. ; Agriculture Economic aspects. ; Economic geography. ; Cultural geography. ; America Politics and government. ; Physical Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Agricultural Economics. ; Economic Geography. ; Social and Cultural Geography. ; American Politics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Frontier thinking and the Amazon region -- Scarcities and abundances in place and time: A proposed conceptualisation of frontier making -- Placing the agricultural frontier of Mato Grosso, Brazil -- Peasant farming in the Amazon frontiers -- Water and energy frontiers in the Amazon -- Production of poverty and the poverty of production in the Amazon -- Disrupting frontier development from within: The latent geographical agency of indigenous peoples -- Development and conservation frontiers in the Pantanal wetland -- Conclusion: Lessons learned to expand frontier theory.
    Abstract: This book discusses the outcomes of more than ten years of research in the southern tracts of the Amazon region, and addresses the expansion of the agricultural frontier, consolidation of the agribusiness-based economy, and expansion of regional infrastructure (roads, dams, urban centres, etc). It combines extensive empirical evidence with the international literature on frontier-making and regional Amazonian development, and adopts a critical politico-geographical perspective that will benefit scholars in various other disciplines. This book is intended to push the current theoretical and methodological boundaries regarding the controversies and impacts of agribusiness in the region. A new international scientific network, led by the author, is investigating the broader context of the themes analysed here. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 222 p. 33 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030385248
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Ecology. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Abstract: Since the 1970s and particularly the works of Tüxen (1978) and Géhu & Rivas-Martínez (1981), dynamico-catenal phytosociology has facilitated the integration of vegetation dynamics by more precisely describing the trajectories of vegetation series. A national habitat mapping program (CarHAB), launched by France’s Ministry of Ecology, aims to map the vegetation and vegetation series of metropolitan France at a scale of 1: 25,000 by 2025. In this context, Corsica has been selected as a pilot region, due to its unique characteristics regarding Mediterranean and alticole vegetation. This book describes in detail the vegetation series and geoseries (ecology, structure, dynamic trajectories, effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics, catenal positioning in the landscape) of two Corsican sectors: Cap Corse and Biguglia pond. These two study sites were selected using two methods: • For Cap Corse, the typology and mapping are based on an inductive approach, which seeks to understand the dynamics of vegetation by drawing on the mature, substitutional, pioneering and anthropogenic associations likely to exist within a tessellar envelope. These various dynamic stages characterize “the vegetation series” (sigmetum or synassociation), the fundamental unit of symphytosociology (Géhu 2006; Biondi 2011). The aim of symphytosociology is, therefore, to define the vegetation series; in other words, it seeks to identify the repetitive combinations of syntaxa under homogeneous ecological conditions. • For Biguglia pond, the typology and mapping are based on a deductive approach, which combines (under SIG) the ecological descriptor maps with the vegetation mapping, in order to reveal the tesselas and the natural potential vegetation that underlies them. Thanks to the improvement of GIS techniques, this approach has been frequently used to characterize plant landscapes from vegetation to vegetation geoseries since the 2000s, with applications to the conservation management of natural and semi-natural environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 210 p. 87 illus., 82 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030357764
    Series Statement: Geobotany Studies, Basics, Methods and Case Studies,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Environment. ; Economic development. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Development Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Stewardship and Built Space -- Chapter 2. PESTECH and Nature in Built Space: Analytical Framework -- Chapter 3. Nature in Built Space in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 4. Nature in Built Space in the MENA Region -- Chapter 5. Nature in Built Space in Asia and the Pacific -- Chapter 6. Nature in Built Space in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Chapter 7. Nature in Built Space in North America -- Chapter 8. Nature in Built Space in Western Europe.
    Abstract: A good understanding of the status quo is necessary for the success of efforts to develop and maintain nature in built space. Accordingly, this book conducts an environmental scan of the context of these efforts in global perspective. In particular, it develops and employs a novel environmental scanning model (ESM) designed to rigorously analyze the political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical (PESTECH) contexts of initiatives to promote biodiversity in the built environment. The focus is on four specific substantive areas of environmental policy, namely forestry, water, food, and energy. The units of analysis roughly correspond with the major United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, Middle-East and North Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Western Europe, North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 209 p. 6 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030397593
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Geographic information systems. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Sustainability. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Geographical Information System. ; Artificial Intelligence. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Theory and technology of artificial intelligence for oceanography -- Satellite data-driven internal wave forecast model based on machine learning techniques -- Detection and analysis of marine macroalgae based on artificial intelligence -- Tropical cyclone intensity estimation from geostationary satellite imagery -- Reconstructing marine environmental data based on deep learning -- Detecting oceanic processes from space-borne sar imagery using machine learning -- Deep convolutional neural networks-based coastal inundation mapping for un-defined least developed countries: taking madagascar and mozambique as examples -- Ai- based mesoscale eddy study -- Classifying sea ice types from sar images based on deep fully convolutional networks -- Detecting ships and extracting ship's size from SAR images based on deep learning -- Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity data based on machine learning technology -- automatic extraction of internal wave signature from multiple satellite sensors based on deep convolutional neural networks -- Automatic extraction of waterlines from large-scale tidal flats on SAR images and applications based on deep convolutional neural networks -- Forecast of tropical instability waves using deep learning -- Sea surface height prediction based on artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This open access book invites readers to learn how to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms to perform their research in oceanography. Various examples are exhibited to guide details of how to feed the big ocean data into the AI models to analyze and achieve optimized results. The number of scholars engaged in AI oceanography research will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, this book will serve as a benchmark providing insights for scholars and graduate students interested in oceanography, computer science, and remote sensing. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 346 p. 183 illus., 169 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789811963759
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Transportation engineering. ; Traffic engineering. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Problems of planning vessel voyages in ice -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part II. Overcoming ice and speed of a vessel -- Chapter 2. The ability to overcome ice and speed of vessel navigating independently in ice -- Part III. Dangerous phenomena and hazards to shipping -- Chapter 3. Dangerous hydro-meteorological phenomena occurring on the NSR -- Part IV. Suggested routes and voyahe dates -- Chapter 4. Routes outside ice-covered zones on the NSR for vessels without ice strengthening -- Chapter 5. Dates of opening and closing of the seas for ice-free navigation -- Part V. Models of decision-making systems -- Chapter 6. Decision-making system of initial voyage planning -- Chapter 7. Operational voyage planning and verification of the initial voyage planning system -- Chapter 8. Summary and conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: This book explains vessels’ ability to overcome ice on the Northern Sea Route, as well as the criteria of safe speed and maneuvering of vessels on ice. It provides a successful long-term forecast of ice navigation and reveals the dangers of sailing on the Northern Sea Rote, It includes tips on how to plan and schedule voyages in the Russian Arctic. The book develops a set of suggested routes for the period of opening and closing of the transit ice-free zone through the NSR based on the last eleven navigation seasons. It presents a method for determining the date for beginning a voyage of a vessel without ice strengthening through the NSR. It also develops a model of initial (long-term) and operational decision-making support system for vessel voyage planning and scheduling. The main audience for the book are officers at operational and management level of competency, people planning voyages on the Northern Sea Route in the office of ship operator and in chartering department or consulting company, and participants of Ice Navigator IMO Model Courses at basic and advanced level of competency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVIII, 279 p. 317 illus., 61 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030254902
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Sedimentology. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Buildings Design and construction. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Sedimentology. ; Water. ; Building Construction and Design.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Literature Review -- Research Methodology -- Shoreline Variations And Hydrodynamic Conditions Around Rameswaram Island -- Beach Morphology And Hydrodynamic Conditions Along Dhanushkodi -- Oscillation Of Tip And Hydrodynamic Conditions Around Arichamunai -- Summary And Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book focuses on understanding the shoreline dynamics, nearshore processes and sediment transport around Rameswaram Island and the cities of Dhanushkodi and Arichamunai. Rameswaram Island is located between the Gulf of Mannar on the south and Palk Bay on the north, between the southern tip of India and Sri Lanka, and is unique in terms of physical, chemical and biological processes. The Gulf of Mannar is established as a marine biodiversity conservation area by its richness of variety and variability of marine species such as corals, finfish, shellfish and other fishes. The island is predominantly influenced by four seasons: northeast monsoon, post-monsoon, summer and southwest monsoon; and the sedimentological and hydrodynamic conditions significantly change seasonally, resulting in the island’s responding in a different manner with each season. It also explains the physical forces and their impacts around these areas. Rameswaram Island has existed naturally for a long period of time even under the influence of different water masses of the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. Understanding the regional natural phenomena is the only solution to carry out the best management practices to develop coastal constructions and modifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 99 p. 65 illus., 60 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789811657962
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geomorphology. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Sustainability. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geomorphology. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part1. Coastal, Estuarine and Lake (Brackish) Environments: Introduction, Definition, Processes and Dynamics -- Chapter1. Bibliometric analysis of the literature on coastal sediment pollution -- Chapter2. Coastal flooding in India – An Overview -- Part2. Water quality/ Hydrological Processes -- Chapter3. Appraisal of coastal water quality of two hot spots on Southwest coast of India: A case study of multi-year biogeochemical observations -- Chapter4. Assessment of water quality from the Gundlakamma estuary, Andhra coast, Southeast coast of India -- Chapter5. Evaluation ofPhysico-chemical Parameters of Coastal Water from Pennar River Estuary, East Coast of India: An integrated approach -- Chapter6. Climatic variability and anthropogenic forcing on marine ecosystems: Evidence from the Lakshadweep Archipelago -- Part3. Sediment Characteristics -- Chapter7. Geochemical characterization of suspended sediments in the Nethravati estuary, southwest coast of India: insights to redox processes, metal sorption and pollution aspect -- Chapter8. Geochemical Studies of Ilmenite from Bhimunipatnam to Konada Coastal Sands, North Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India -- Chapter9. Study of beach sand from Harihareshwar, Shrivardhan and Diveagar beach of Raigad District, Maharashtra, India -- Chapter10. Impact of Seasonal Sediment Dynamics on Beach Morphology: A case study from the Govindampalli-Durgarajupatnam Coast, East Coast of India -- Chapter11. Heavy Minerals Studies of Coastal Sands from Bavanapadu to Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, East coast of India -- Chapter12. Mineral Chemistry of Ilmenites as a source indicator for coastal sediments between Vamsadhara and Nagavali river mouth, North Coastal, Andhra Pradesh -- Chapter13. Major and trace elements in the Sediments of the Gollumutta Paya Estuary of the Krishna River, East Coast of India -- Part4. Biodiversity/ Bio-indicators/ ecological studies -- Chapter14. Assessment of Trace Metal contamination in Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) from the coast ff South Andaman Island, India -- Chapter15. Analytical approach of Haematology in variation to physical parameters of Indian Mackerel and Yellowfin Tuna from Indian waters -- Chapter16. Geochemistry of Mollusk Shells as proxies of Marine Pollution, East coast of India -- Chapter17. Sedimentary structures of tidal flats in Recent Chandipur East Coast of Orisha, India -- Part5. Climate Change and Anthropocene -- Chapter18. Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Index: A case study for Kuwaiti Coast -- Chapter19. Total suspended matter variability in response to tropical cyclone Titli along coastal waters of southeast India using satellite observations: Implications to Climate Change -- Chapter20. Climate Change and its Impact on Depletion of Oxygen Levels on Coastal Waters and Shallow Seas -- Chapter21. Nanoparticle based bioremediation for crude oil removal from marine environment -- Part6. Socio-economic scenarios related to Sustainable Development -- Chapter22. Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Coastal Tourism of Andaman Isles, India: Sustainable Development Scenario -- Chapter23. Spatial planning for sustainable resource use with a special reference to aquaculture development -- Chapter24. Sustainable Aquaculture and Economic Development in Coastal Areas: The Case of Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter25. Marine and Coastal ecosystem services for Sustainable Development -- Part7. Application of Geospatial tools -- Chapter26. Advanced remote sensing methods for high-resolution, cost-effective monitoring of the coastal morphology using Video Beach Monitoring System (VBMS), CoastSnap and CoastSat techniques -- Chapter27. Coastal morpho-dynamics and Environmental variables of Ennore Creek: An Integrated approach -- Chapter28. A study on dynamics of Krishna river mouth, East coast of India: A Geospatial approach -- Chapter29. Non monsoonal coastal erosion due to the tropical cyclone (OCKHI) and it’s impacts along Thiruvananthapuram coast, Southwest coast of India - A geospatial approach .
    Abstract: This volume discusses geological, biological and sustainability aspects of coastal, estuary and lake environments. It offers a comprehensive understanding of biotic, physico-chemical, sedimentological and socio-environmental factors associated with the sustainable development of these environments in areas vulnerable to climate change and other anthropogenic activities. The book is divided into several main sections, covering the geological and biological processes and dynamics of these environments, water quality and hydrological modeling, sediment characteristics, bio-indicators and ecological analysis, climate change impacts, geospatial applications, and sustainable development practices and scenarios. The book aims to be a useful resource for academics, scientists, coastal and marine practitioners, meteorologists, environmental consultants and computing experts working in the areas of earth and ocean sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVI, 489 p. 231 illus., 206 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031216442
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Paleoecology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geology. ; Paleoecology. ; Sedimentology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Neuquén Basin: Stratigraphy, subsidence controls and basin closure -- Heterogeneities and syn-rift evolution of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Precuyano Cycle -- Structure of the Precuyo synrift in the Valenciana depocenter -- Structure of the Precuyo synrift in the Cara Cura-Sierra de Reyes depocenter -- Early Jurassic magmatism -- High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and main controls of the Middle Jurassic Cuyo Group -- Depositional environments and hyperpycnal shelfal sedimentation in the Late Jurassic Lotena Formation -- Environmental controls and facies architecture of a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) carbonate episode (La Manga Formation) -- The Cuyo and lower Mendoza cycles in the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt -- The extensional control of the Late Jurassic units -- Morphostructural configuration and sedimentary evolution of the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta –Quintuco system -- Magnetostratigraphy of the Early Jurassic – Early Cretaceous in the Neuquén Basin -- Orbital controls and high-resolution cyclostratigraphy of Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous in the Neuquén Basin (Lower Callovian – Early Barremian) -- Sedimentary evolution of the continental Late Cretaceous Neuquén Group -- The Cretaceous contractional stage and the first synorogenic basin in the Neuquén Basin -- The origin of the Malargüe Basin -- The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene extension -- The Paleocene to early Oligocene lull -- Causes and extent of the Oligocene extension -- The Late Cretaceous to Oligocene magmatism -- The Miocene orogenesis related to the subduction of the Payenia hot spot -- The Miocene magmatism in the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- The structure of the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- Thermochronological constraints on the exhumation of the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- Structure and thermochronological constraints on the exhumation of the Chos Malal fold and thrust belt -- The structure and exhumation of the Agrio fold and thrust belt -- The Quaternary deformation in the Neuquén Basin and the impact of the Payenia hot spot.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of newly gathered material focusing on the opening and closure of The Neuquén Basin. The Neuquén Basin contains the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs in Argentina and therefore is characterized by a profound knowledge of the sedimentation mechanisms and closure times. During the last 10 years a considerable amount of new information has been produced that illustrates a complex evolution that involves more than one synrift stage during its evolution, an aborted sag phase associated with the inception of a first foreland basin in late Early Cretaceous times, two extensional destabilizations in the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene and late Oligocene times and a Neogene magmatic expansion coetaneous to a last mountain building. These processes have produced a polyphasic complex structure that exhumed the rich sedimentary record that characterizes the basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 513 p. 177 illus., 165 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030296803
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Climatology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part 1 Whitecap Parameterizations -- Chapter 2 Parameterizing Coverage using Sea Surface Imagery -- Chapter 3 Estimates of Whitecap Wave Breaking Energy Dissipation Rate from Measurements of Whitecap Coverage -- Chapter 4 Inferences to be Drawn from a Consideration of Power-Law Descriptions of Multiple Data Sets Each Comprised of Whitecap Coverage, WB and 10m-Elevation Wind Speed Measurements -- Chapter 5 Wave Breaking and Spray -- Chapter 6 Measurements of Air-Side Shear- and Wave-Induced Viscous Stress over Strongly Forced, Young Wind Waves -- Part 2 Whitecaps and Gas Transfer -- Chapter 7 What Controls Air-Sea Gas Exchange at Extreme Wind Speeds? Evidence from Laboratory Experiments -- Chapter 8 Studying the Role of Gas Bubbles on Air-Sea Gas Transfer Using Computer Models -- Chapter 9 The role of physical chemical properties of gases in whitecap facilitated Gas Transfer -- Chapter 10 Sea Spray and gas transfer -- Part 3 Whitecaps and Remote Sensing -- Chapter 11 Global Whitecap Coverage from Satellite Remote Sensing and Wave Modelling -- Chapter 12 The Case for Measuring Whitecaps Using Ocean Color and Initial Linkages to Subsurface Physics -- Chapter 13 Bright Oceans: Spectral differentiation of whitecaps, sea ice, plastics, and other flotsam -- Part 4 A Historical Perspective -- Chapter 14 Twixt Wind and Waves: A first-person account of the early years of the study of oceanic whitecaps.
    Abstract: This book provides the reader with the a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the study of whitecaps. It is the first major publication focusing specifically on whitecaps and their role in a variety of climate-relevant air-sea interaction processes since the publication, in 1986, of Oceanic Whitecaps, and Their Role in Air-Sea Exchange Processes, edited by Edward Charles Monahan and Gearoid Mac Niocaill (published by Springer). This book also provides the interested reader with a review of the initial work done on this topic in the second half of the 20th Century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 290 p. 89 illus., 47 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030363710
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Linear and nonlinear surface waves -- 2. Internal waves at the interface -- 3. Transformation of waves on the flow -- 4. Surface contamination -- 5. Ocean Acoustic Waves -- 6. Stratification of the ocean environment -- 7. Internal gravity waves in a stratified medium -- 8. Convective phenomena in the sea -- 9. Interaction of surface waves with regions of near-surface convection -- 10. Anomalous waves.
    Abstract: This book describes a comprehensive selection of ocean processes such as wave phenomena (surface, internal gravitational, and acoustic waves), the influence of surfactants and pollutants on the aquatic environment's dynamics, the models of the stratified natural environment, convective phenomena in the ocean, and the interaction of wave and convective processes. Finally, this book dedicates the last section to unsolved problems in the physics of anomalous waves. Most of the chapters present the most hegemonic theories but also they introduce the revulsive ideas based on alternative approaches. The underlying mathematical models are scientifically justified both at the physical and formal mathematical levels. In all known limiting cases lead to well-known classical results. They are in good agreement with experimental data. Several sections show the application of developed approaches to the description of natural phenomena. The book is of interest to specialists working in the field of ocean physics, as well as undergraduate and graduate students specializing in marine physics and oceanography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 257 p. 73 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030722692
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environment. ; Biodiversity. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Biodiversity. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Characteristics of Geography Of Mongolia -- 2. Historical Geography: Administrative Division and Research in Physical Geography of Mongolia -- 3. The Relief And Geomorphological Characteristics of Mongolia -- 4. Climate and Climate Change of Mongolia -- 5. Hydrography of Mongolia -- 6. Glacier of Mongolia -- 7. Permafrost in Mongolia -- 8. Soil of Mongolia -- 9. Biogeographical Characteristics of Mongolia -- 10. Division of the Physiographic and Natural Regions in Mongolia -- 11. Land Use and Nature Conservation in Mongolia.
    Abstract: This book gives the most detailed and comprehensive physico-geographical overview of the very unique country of Mongolia. The country offers diverse geographical features and natural landscapes combined with a long history. This book offers integrated and systematical research on the geophysical characteristics of Mongolia with an academic orientation. It provides the readers with general knowledge of the physical geography of Mongolia as well as new results of the latest research. The volume consists of 11 chapters, each written by field experts, with contributions from scientific researchers from Mongolia. The topics covered: geological and geomorphological characteristics and processes, landscapes and landforms, climate and climate change, hydrology, glaciers and permafrost, soils, environmental changes, biodiversity and many other aspects of physical geography in Mongolia. The book appeals to researchers and students of geography and related fields and can serve as a guide for field trips to Mongolia or basic literature for research projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 218 p. 122 illus., 113 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030614348
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Earth sciences. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part-I: Evolution and Development of Drainage System -- 1. Drainage basin as a system unit (case study of gully basin or river basin) -- 2. Geomorphic threshold and evolution of drainage system (case study of badland) -- 3. Mechanics and landforms of drainage system (case study of badland / river) -- 4. System of stream classification (case study of ephemeral gully basin) -- 5. Controlling factors of drainage system (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- Part-II: Drainage Basin Morphology -- 1. Morphometric properties of Drainage Basin (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 2. Quantitative analysis of Drainage Basin (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 3. Hypsometry curve analysis (case study analysis) -- 3. Alluvial Fan Morphology (case study of Hillslope / Estuarine) -- 4. Bed Morphology of drainage basin (case study of ephemeral gully basin / Mountain River / Plateau River) -- Part-III: Drainage Basin Hydrology and Modelling -- 1. River Hydraulics properties (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 2. Hydrological frequency-magnitude analysis (case study analysis) -- 3. Estimation of Rainfall-runoff with computations (case study analysis) -- 4. Flood risk analysis (case study analysis) -- 5. Ground water prospecting and modelling -- 6. GIS based hydrologic modelling -- Part-IV: Drainage Basin Sedimentology -- 1. Sediment properties: particle size distribution (case study analysis) -- 2. Estimation of erosion and sediment yieldModelling (GIS based) -- 3. Sediment facies analysis (case study analysis) -- 4. Bed load sediment transport modeling (case study analysis) -- 5. River deposition and fluvial landforms (case study analysis) -- 6. Geo-chemical analysis of sediment -- Part-V: Human Interference/interventions on Drainage Basin -- 1. Cheek dam impact (case study analysis) -- 2. River embankments (case study analysis) -- 3. Dams construction (case study analysis) -- 4. Barrage/Bridge construction (case study analysis) -- 5. Sand mining/ stone quarrying (case study analysis) -- 6. Landuse changes(deforestation, urbanization, agricultural expansion) and sediment yield (case study analysis) -- 7. River pollution and channel changes -- Part-VI: Drainage Basin Management -- 1. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology using RS and GIS (Machine learning algorithm, SWAT etc) -- 2. River water management under watershed using geospatial techniques -- 3. Integrated river basin management and geostatistics -- 4. Management of Ecological Variability (ecological flow) and Pollution of the Hyporheic Zone using Geospatial techniques -- 5.. Social engineering and river basin management -- 6. Basin management and regional planning.
    Abstract: This volume provides a versatile introduction to the study of drainage basin evolution, morphology, drainage basin hydrology and sedimentology, human interference, natural and anthropogenic hazards and various management techniques. This book offers the responsible factors of sediment yield and their absolute and specific growth and rate of delivery through tributaries to the main streams. Rivers are important geomorphic agents which reflect an amazing variety of form and behaviour, showing the wide range of natural environment in which they are originated. The drainage system evolution and spatial network development within the dynamic nature are being discussed and how they are adjusted in the geomorphic time scale over the millions of years. This book shows how drainage systems function and react to change and why this thoughtful is required for flourishing integrated basin management. In tropical and sub-tropical countries population pressures as well as different developmental projects are being executed on the drainage basin without proper planning. Today scientists consider drainage basin as an administrative unit during implementation of regional projects. In this context this book will carry a bench mark for scholars and young scientists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 568 p. 289 illus., 258 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030796341
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: In search of a destination -- Further into the ocean -- From regional to coastal oceanography -- New observing systems and new scientific applications -- Operational oceanography and future scientific and societal challenges -- Afterword.
    Abstract: This book presents the development of oceanography of European regional and coastal seas over the last 50 years. It describes the evolution of scientific practice alongside the technological development of measurements and computer modelling. Emphasis is placed on transformation of basic research into applied science and services. This reflects the growing public awareness of ocean issues. The recent advancements in the field of operational oceanography are presented as an important scientific response to the needs of environmental protection and sustainable development. The book could be of interest to scientists and students in various fields of oceanography, to practitioners in the field, and to the general readership interested in environmental sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 278 p. 127 illus., 106 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031337208
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Cartography. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Cartography. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Chapter1. Physical Setting of Nile Delta Coast -- Chapter2. Geomorphometric of Nile Delta Coastline -- Chapter3. Coastline Change Detection -- Chapter4. GIS – based Modeling of Sea-Level Rise by the end of 21th century -- Chapter5. Coastal Erosion Hazard Mapping -- Chapte6. Multi-Criteria Coastal Vulnerability Assessment -- Conclusion and Recommendations.
    Abstract: The book presents the results of a doctoral thesis conducted under the supervision of two international governmental universities in Egypt and the USA. This book is very important for specialists in the field of Physical Geography with concentration of Geographic Information Science and Remote Sensing techniques for Coastal Hazard Assessment. It deals with coastal hazards and disasters using unique techniques and methods, such as Coastline Change Detection, Sea-Level Rise Modeling and Future Predication, Coastal Erosion Hazard Mapping, and Coastal Vulnerability Index. The integration of geospatial technologies that applied accurately in this book especially for the coastal hazard mitigation and protection devise evaluation makes it very helpful for researchers and academics, as well as for coastal and civil engineers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 218 p. 85 illus., 80 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031443244
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Studies. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: An introduction to Oceanography -- Marine Ecosystems -- Oceans and Human Activities -- Basic Oceanographic Parameters and their Significance -- Coastal Pollution – An Overview -- Nutrient Pollution -- Organic pollution -- Persistent Organic Pollutants -- Heavy metals -- Marine Oil Pollution -- Plastic Pollution -- Ocean Acidification -- Energy from the Ocean -- Marine Mineral Resources -- Coastal Hazards: Climatic and Hydrogeological Hazards -- Coastal Hazards: Geomorphic and Tectonic Hazards -- Global Sea-Level Rise and Associated Problems.
    Abstract: This book deals with every aspect of oceanography in detail including various aspects of physical, chemical, geological, and biological discourse. ‘Earth and Planetary Science’ is perhaps the oldest, dynamic, and ever-evolving subject. Oceanography is one of its domains, which has become important in the present date, given the ubiquitous and undeniable climate change that we are experiencing. The subject domain of oceanography encompasses several environmental issues, which need serious attention from the present scientific community. Despite the ocean’s significant role in the collective well-being of the human race, a multitude of anthropogenic activities has drastically polluted and degraded several crucial oceanic ecosystems within a short span. This book aims to present a concise yet succinct introduction to Oceanography as a subject and at the same time highlight the cutting-edge topics of research encompassing marine pollution, coastal processes, and many other associated phenomena. Oceanography is an interdisciplinary emerging subject and students all over the world who come from varied disciplines are pursuing it as higher studies. Long sections are devoted to ocean–atmosphere interaction, tides, waves, and related coastal processes. The book represents a comprehensive idea of human activities bestowing the ocean with particular reference to Indian examples. This book helps to understand marine pollution and the behavior of oil, plastic, and other agents in the light of real-world examples and empirical models. Harnessing electricity from waves and tides is a technological advancement in the field of unconventional energy. The vast resources of the ocean like oil, mineral, methane hydrate, and their proper estimation and exploitation is the topic of discussion in the third part of the book. This book is designated to meet the essential needs of the students studying oceanography and marine science. It may be helpful to professional oceanographers also.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 440 p. 141 illus., 84 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031344220
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the ocean and atmospheric environment in the South China Sea -- Dynamic characteristics of the circulation in the South China Sea -- Intermediate and deep water mass and circulation in the South China Sea -- Eddies and other meso-scale processes in the South China Sea -- Air-sea interaction in the South China Sea -- Construction of the observation network and database in the South China Sea.
    Abstract: This book summarizes achievements of the study on circulation and air–sea interaction and development of the ocean observation network in the South China Sea in the last 20 years, thus serving as a comprehensive reference book to understand the dynamic environment in the SCS. It consists of seven chapters, briefly reviewing our understanding of the SCS circulation and air–sea interaction in chapter 1, then describing in detail the upper layer circulation from large scale (SCS through flow, SCS western boundary current, etc.), to meso- and submeso-scale in Chapters 2 and 5, dilute river plume and coastal upwelling over the shelf in Chapter 3, deep ocean circulation in Chapter 4, tropical cyclone activities and air–sea flux at the interface in Chapter 6, and the construction of the observation network and database in Chapter 7. Besides the basic features of these physical processes, the book also discusses their variations and fundamental dynamics. Thus, it is written in a way that meets the different information demands from researchers working in various marine related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 441 p. 290 illus., 213 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811962622
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Natural disasters. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Sedimentology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Sedimentology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Origin of fluvial paleo-structures of the shelf -- Seismic-acoustic methods for paleo-channel studies -- Shelf paleo-channel structures from broadband continuous seismic-acoustic profiling -- Recognition principles, detection technology and mapping of paleo-channels -- Apparatus for broadband seismic-acoustic surveys of shelf fluvial paleo-structures -- Conclusion -- Literature.
    Abstract: The book considers the riverine paleo structures of the coastal marine zone from the point of view of marine bottom seismic acoustics. The authors describe the mechanisms of the origin and features of riverine paleo structures in the coastal marine area. The methods applied for this kind of research have been developed and explained comprehensively, including geomorphology and interpretation of seismic acoustic facies. Besides, the authors also propose a classification of morphological features, signs and technology of recognition, as well as methods for mapping of coastal river facies supported by an extensive list of literary sources is given. The book will be of interest to marine geophysicists, marine geologists, and those interested in new methods to approach marine problems worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 79 p. 70 illus., 47 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031275203
    Series Statement: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Environment. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Background -- Geology, climate and landscape evolution -- Quaternary and holocene palaeoclimates of the Sahara -- Plant and animal life in the Sahara -- Human exploitation of the Central Sahara -- Field investigation, remote sensing and geomorphological mapping -- Part II. Landforms and landscapes -- Evidence for past glaciations -- Volcanoes and igneous landforms -- Sandstone massifs -- Solutional landforms and karstic weathering -- Alluvial fans, escarpments, and pediments -- Hamada, serir, and desert pavement -- Sand seas – North -- Sand seas – South and west. .
    Abstract: This book describes the Central Sahara region, bringing together an unprecedented combination of diverse and often historic research published in different languages in order to describe its varied landscapes and landforms. The Central Sahara region consists of Libya, Algeria, Mali, Niger and Chad, countries that share similar landscape histories and common landscape traits, including massifs, sand seas, paleowater features and large depressions. Furthermore, human settlement of this region goes hand-in-hand with climate and environmental changes and landscape evolution during the Holocene and earlier; hence, Central Saharan landscapes and landforms provide valuable insights into landscape–human relationships over long timescales. The book offers a comprehensive yet accessible reference source, drawing on both past and present interdisciplinary research and gathering the insights of authors from many different countries to explore a region that has largely been overlooked in available literature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 235 p. 105 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031471605
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Bioclimatology. ; Shipping. ; Environmental management. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Climate Change Ecology. ; Maritime Economics. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Blue Economy and Ocean Science: Introduction -- Coral Reefs -- Mangroves and Seagrasses -- Coastal Fisheries -- Effects of Groundwater Extraction and River Regulation on Coastal Freshwater Resources -- Marine Tourism and the Blue Economy: Perspectives from the Mascarene and Pacific Islands -- Energy Transition to the Blue Economy: the Role of Science and Technology -- Coastal and Nearshore Minerals: Blue Economy Potential and Prospects -- Coastal Pollution -- Harmful Algae.
    Abstract: The ocean is a major source of income for many coastal nations, particularly in the developing world. Economic benefits from the ocean in the long-term depend on its wise science and technology-based management. The intersection of science, technology, and economy are most obvious in nations' coastal zones. This book highlights the need for the application of ocean science and technology for best economic outcomes. It gives examples of ocean resources and the threats to them from climate change and other human interventions, as well as provides information on the available ocean research and observation tools to monitor their impact as well as on the related internationally available opportunities for capacity development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 536 p. 66 illus., 61 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811950650
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Economic development. ; Environmental management. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Development Studies. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Delta challenges and trade-offs from the Holocene to the Anthropocene -- 2. Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta, Bangladesh and India: A transnational mega-delta -- 3. The Mahanadi Delta: A rapidly developing delta in India -- 4. The Volta Delta, Ghana: challenges in an African setting -- 5. Fluvial sediment supply and relative sea-level rise -- 6. Hotspots of present and future risk within deltas; hazards, exposure and vulnerability -- 7. Where people live and move in deltas -- 8. Delta economics and sustainability -- 9. Adapting to change: People and policies -- 10. Choices: Future trade-offs and plausible pathways -- 11. Sustainable deltas in the Anthropocene.
    Abstract: The Anthropocene is the human-dominated modern era that has accelerated social, environmental and climate change across the world in the last few decades. This open access book examines the challenges the Anthropocene presents to the sustainable management of deltas, both the many threats as well as the opportunities. In the world’s deltas the Anthropocene is manifest in major land use change, the damming of rivers, the engineering of coasts and the growth of some of the world’s largest megacities; deltas are home to one in twelve of all people in the world. The book explores bio-physical and social dynamics and makes clear adaptation choices and trade-offs that underpin policy and governance processes, including visionary delta management plans. It details new analysis to illustrate these challenges, based on three significant and contrasting deltas: the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, Mahanadi and Volta. This multi-disciplinary, policy-orientated volume is strongly aligned to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals as delta populations often experience extremes of poverty, gender and structural inequality, variable levels of health and well-being, while being vulnerable to extreme and systematic climate change. Robert J Nicholls is Professor of Coastal Engineering within Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, UK. He has contributed to a wide range of influential national and international publications including the IPCC Assessment Reports. W Neil Adger is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Exeter, UK. His research examines demographic, political economy, public health and well-being aspects of the Anthropocene. Craig W Hutton is Professor of Sustainability Science within Geography and Environment at the University of Southampton, UK. His research focuses on spatial analysis of vulnerability and the incorporation of sustainable management, policy and governance into decision-making processes. Susan E Hanson is Research Fellow within Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, UK. She specializes in coastal vulnerability and management, particularly as a consequence of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXIII, 282 p. 55 illus., 52 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030235178
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Environment. ; Political sociology. ; Sustainability. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Humanities and Social Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Political Sociology. ; Sustainability. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. An Introduction (Douglas C. Nord ) -- Chapter 2. NordForsk as a Facilitator of Integrated Research on the Arctic (Gunnel Gustafsson) -- Chapter 3. CLINF: Climate Change Effects on the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and the Associated Impacts on Northern Societies( Birgitta Evengård and Tomas Thierfelder ) -- Chapter 4. CLINF: An Integrated Project Design(Tomas Thierfelder and Birgitta Evengård ) -- Chapter 5.Environmental Data Modeling for CSI Research in the Arctic(Gia Destouni, Zarah Kalantari, Shaun Quegan, Dieder Leibovic, Juha Lemmetyinen, Jaakko Ikonen) -- Chapter 6 .Reindeer Herding and Coastal Pastures: Adaption to Multiple Stressors and Cumulative Effects(Grete Hovelsrud, Camilla Risvoll, Jan Åge Riseth, Hans Tømmervik, Anna Omazic, Ann Albihn ) -- Chapter 7.The ARCPATH Project—Assessing Risky Environments and Rapid Change:Research on Climate, Adaptation and Coastal Communities in the North Atlantic Region (Astrid E.J. Ogilvie, Yongqi Gao, Niels Einarsson, Noel Keenlyside, Leslie King ) -- Chapter 8 .The Climate Model: An ARCPATH Tool to Understand and Predict Climate Change (Shuting Yang, Yongqi Gao, Koenigk Torben, Noel Keenlyside, Francois Counillon ) -- Chapter 9. Whale Ecosystem Services and Co-production Processes Underpinning Human Wellbeing in the Arctic: Case Studies from Greenland, Iceland and Norway(Laura Malinauskaite, David Cook, Brynhildur Daviծsdóttir, Helga Ögmundardóttir) -- Chapter 10. "Small Science”: Community Engagement and Local Research in an Era of Big Science Agendas (Catherine Chambers, Leslie King, David Cook, Laura Malinauskaite, Margaret Willson, Astrid E. J. Ogilvie, Niels Einarsson) -- Chapter 11. Project ReiGN: Reindeer Husbandry in a Globalizing North—Resilience, Adaptations and Pathways to Action (Øystein Holand, Jon Moen, Jouko Kumpula, Annette Löf, Sipra Rasmus, Knut Røed ) -- Chapter 12 .What Drives the Number of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer? Pasture Dynamics and Economic Incentives in Fennoscandian Reindeer Husbandry (Annti-Juhani Pekkarinen, Juoko Kumpula and Olli Tahvonen) -- Chapter 13. Reindeer Herders as Stakeholders or Right- Holders: Introducing a Social-Equity Based Conceptualization Relevant for Indigenous and Local Communities (Simo Sarkki, Hannu Heikkinen and Annette Löf) -- Chapter 14. Working Together: Reflections on a Transdisciplinary Effort of Co-producing Knowledge on Supplementary Feeding in Reindeer Husbandry Across Fennoscandia (Tim Horstkotte, Élise Lépy and Camilla Risvoll) -- Chapter 15. Is There Such a Thing As “Best Practice”? Exploring the Extraction/Sustainability Dilemma in REXSAC ( Sverker Sörlin) -- Chapter 16 .When Mines Go Silent: Exploring the Afterlives of Extraction Sites (Dag Avango and Gunhild Rosqvist) -- Chapter 17 Bringing Emotions Back In—Affective Approaches to Resource Extraction(Frank Sejersted and Kirsten Thisted) -- Chapter 18 .The Challenge of Synthesis: Lessons from Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient, Sustainable Societies (Leslie King and Astrid E.J. Ogilvie) -- Chapter 19. Assessment and Evaluation in Arctic Research—Where Do We Come From, and Where Are We Going? (Andre van Amstel, Amy Lauren Lovecraft, Maureen Biermann, Roberta Marinelli and Douglas Nord) -- Chapter 20 . Findings and Conclusions—Pathways for Action (Douglas Nord).
    Abstract: This book investigates the multifaceted nature of change in today’s Nordic Arctic and the necessary research and policy development required to address the challenges and opportunities currently faced by this region. It focuses its attention on the recent efforts of the Nordic community to create specialized Centers of Excellence in Arctic Research in order to facilitate this process of scientific inquiry and policy articulation. The volume seeks to describe both the steps that lead to this decision and the manner in which this undertaking as evolved. The work highlights the research efforts of the four Centers and their investigations of a variety of issues including those related to ecosystem and wildlife management, the revitalization resource dependent communities, the emergence of new climate-born diseases and the development of adequate modeling techniques to assist northern communities in their efforts at adaptation and resilience building. Major discoveries and insights arising from these and other efforts are detailed and possible policy implications considered. The book also focuses attention on the challenges of creating and supporting multidisciplinary teams of researchers to investigate such concerns and the methods and means for facilitating their collaboration and the integration of their findings to form new and useful perspectives on the nature of change in the contemporary Arctic. It also provides helpful consideration and examples of how local and indigenous communities can be engaged in the co-production of knowledge regarding the region. The volume discusses how such research findings can be best communicated and shared between scientists, policymakers and northern residents. It considers the challenges of building common concern not just among different research disciplines but also between bureaucracies and the public. Only when this bridge-building effort is undertaken can true pathways to action be established. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 448 p. 47 illus., 43 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030523244
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Sustainability. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental health. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Sustainability. ; Water. ; Environmental Health.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- A Comprehensive Overview of SDG 14 -- Marine Solid Pollution -- Ocean Acidification And Sea Warming -- Fishing And Overfishing -- Reinventing Marine Exploitation -- Conservation And Restoration -- Science Monitoring And Scientific Outreach -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book focuses, in seven chapters, on the perspectives and solutions that different research groups offer to try to address problems related to SDG 14: Life Below Water. The different objectives developed in SDG 14 are treated independently, with an attempt to give a global vision of the issues. The mechanism used to select the book's content was through an Artificial Intelligence program, choosing articles related to the topics by means of keywords. The program selected those articles, and those that were not related to the topic or did not focus on SDG 14 were discarded by a subject matter expert. Obviously, the selection was partial and the entire subject is not covered, but the final product gives a very solid idea of how to orient ourselves to delve deeper into the topic of SDG 14 using published chapters and articles. The AI program itself selected the text of these contributions to show the progress in different topics related to SDG 14. This mode of operation will allow specialists (and non-specialists) to collect useful information for their specific research purposes in a short period of time. At a time when information is essential in order to move quickly by providing concrete answers to complex problems, this type of approach will become essential for researchers, especially for a subject as vast as SDG 14.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 596 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031194672
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Environment. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Quaternary Eolian Dunes and Sand Sheets in Inland Locations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, U.S.A. -- Chapter3. Dunes of the Laurentian Great Lakes -- Chapter4. The Central and Southern Great Plains -- Chapter5. The Nebraska Sand Hills -- Chapter6. White Sands -- Chapter7. Great Sand Dunes -- Chapter8. Colorado Plateau -- Chapter9. Southwest Deserts.
    Abstract: Inland sand dunes are widespread in North America and are found from the North Slope of Alaska to the Sonoran Desert in northern Mexico and from the Delmarva Peninsula in the east to Southern California in the west. In this edited book, we highlight recent research on areas of inland dunes that span a range from those that are actively accumulating in current conditions of climate and sediment supply to those that were formed in past conditions and are now degraded relict systems. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars of physical geography, geomorphology, environmental sciences, and earth sciences. Contributions include detailed analyses of individual active dune systems at White Sands, New Mexico; Great Sand Dunes, Colorado; and the Laurentian Great Lakes; as well as the vegetation-stabilized dunes of the Nebraska Sand Hills and the Colorado Plateau. Additional chapters discuss the widespread partially vegetated dune systems of the central and southern Great Plains; the relict dunes of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern USA; and active and stabilized dunes of the Colorado Plateau and the southwestern deserts of the USA and northern Mexico. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 337 p. 126 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030404987
    Series Statement: Dunes of the World,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Regionalism. ; Regional economics. ; Spatial economics. ; Sustainability. ; Human geography. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Regionalism. ; Regional and Spatial Economics. ; Sustainability. ; Human Geography. ; Geology.
    Abstract: This book presents most recent research studies on mapping and spatial analysis of socio-economic and environmental indicators used by various national and international contributors to regional development projects. It gathers the best contributions to the 1st International Conference on Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Socio-Economic and Environmental Indicators for the Local and Regional Sustainable Development. The conference was held in southern Tunisia, Tataouine in March 2015.The research studies focused on generating and analyzing indicators in various domains of Agriculture, Energy, Industry, Tourism, Transport, Urban Planning, Exploitation of Natural Resources, Infrastructure, Health, Environment, Education, Information and Communication Technologies, Social Affairs and Employability, and Culture and Sport. Socio-economic and environmental indicators are important in regional development plans and strategies as they allow to observe and analyze changes in the economic growth and to measure their impact on the environment and on social networks/daily life of citizens. On the basis of well-defined geomatic approaches, and particularly, through sophisticated digital mapping and spatio-temporal analyses, authors focused on retrieving indicators to evaluate the exploitation rate of natural resources, intensity of the energy consumption in various economic sector, net migratory flows, quality checking of the air in urban areas, adaptation to climate change, and vulnerability of the coastal domain and risk of marine submersion due to sea-level rise. The book is of interest not only to investors and contributors to regional development projects, but also to all relevant policy makers. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 167 p. 132 illus., 111 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030211660
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Pollution. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Environment. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Pollution. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: OUR OCEANS 1. Introduction to our oceans -- 2. Marine pollution -- TYPES OF POLLUTION, THEIR BEHAVIOUR AND IMPACTS 3. Nutrients and eutrophication -- 4. Metals and metalloids -- 5. Oil and gas -- 6. Pesticides -- 7. Persistent organic pollutants -- 8. Radioactivity -- 9. Plastics and debris -- 10. Novel and emerging chemicals -- 11. Atmospheric gases and changing ocean chemistry -- 12. Multiple stressors and declining ecosystem resilience. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS POLLUTION 13. Measuring and understanding pollution cencentrations in the marine environment -- 14. Organism response and marine ecotoxicology -- 15. Ecological responses before and after impact assessment -- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 16. Major concerns throughout geographic regions and preparedness for future threats -- 17. Connecting marine science and management. .
    Abstract: The study of marine environments inevitably involves considering the problem of marine pollution, which includes questions that focus on the essential need to ensure the long-term health of these exceptional ecosystems and the lives and livelihoods they support. The open access textbook "Marine Pollution: monitoring, management and mitigation" approaches these questions in a practical and highly readable format. It gives newcomers to the field background and perspective through the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary exploration of the topic. The topic is indeed complex, requiring the integration of the natural sciences and chemistry with management, policymakers, industry and all of us who are users of the marine environment. The textbook was written by leading experts to especially prepare graduates for a career in marine pollution studies. At the same time, it is relevant for anyone invested in the marine environment with a will to reduce their impacts. The chapters can easily be used independently and are also connected through the cross-referencing of related content. The introductory chapter provides a historical account of marine pollution and explores the fundamental physicochemical conditions of seawater. Two full chapters cover the requisite resources for ensuring success in field and laboratory studies. Then, chapter by chapter the book dives into to the various types of marine pollutants. In closing, it discusses the challenges of understanding multiple stressors and presents mitigation and restoration practices, along with a global overview of marine pollution legislation. We envisioned this textbook as being open access for the very reason we created it: this topic calls for global contributions and champions, and financial restraints should not limit access to this knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 369 p. 201 illus., 146 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031101274
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Geochemistry. ; Physical Geography. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Geochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Research background -- Introduction of the Zangsegangri ice core -- Levoglucosan analytical method -- Modern processes of levoglucosan in Tibetan glaciers -- Fire records in the Zangsegangri ice core -- Summary and conclusions.
    Abstract: This book focuses on geochemical behavior and ancient records of the specific biomarker levoglucosan in Tibetan glaciers, Based on samples from the Zangsegangri (ZSGR) ice cores obtained from the central Tibetan Plateau, it presents annually resolved levoglucosan records and fire changes over the past 430 years. It also discusses the interaction between fire, climate change, and human activities. This is the first effort to reconstruct annual resolution fire records in Tibetan ice, providing crucial information and substantially improved analytical methods toward a better understanding of past fire changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 63 p. 26 illus., 24 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789811579738
    Series Statement: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human geography. ; Subsistence farming. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human Geography. ; Subsistence Agriculture.
    Abstract: This book examines how crop diversification strategies can help to ensure sustainable agricultural development across different land-size categories, with a focus on Malda District in West Bengal, India. Using Malda as the study area, a region with nearly 4 million people, the book assesses the extent, pattern, factors and future of crop diversification and its contribution to the development of agriculture in Malda and in India as a whole. The work presents data from 1995-2015 concerning changing cropping patterns at various land-size distributions, and analyzes the information over the twenty year period to understand the link between crop diversification and agricultural development, in order to combat major agricultural issues and make suitable policy recommendations at micro (rural) and macro (urban) levels of agricultural planning. The study is a unique contribution to the field of agricultural geography, and will be of use to students and researchers, as well as government organizations, city/community planners and agriculture managers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVI, 285 p. 116 illus., 48 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030557287
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Climatology. ; Environment. ; Natural disasters. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geographical Information System. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Application of Geospatial Techniques for Monitoring the Cryospheric Elements of Glacier System in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) -- 2. Snowmelt Runoff Forecasting in Himalayan Basins using Remote Sensing Inputs -- 3. Understanding Climate Change and its Impacts with Special Reference to India -- 4. Snow, Glacier and Glacier Lake Mapping and Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Data -- 5. Remote Sensing Based Assessment of Glacier Resources in Parts of Ladakh Mountain Range, A Trans-Himalayan Region -- 6. Geodetic Mass Balance Estimation for Bada Shigri Glacier and Samudra Tapu Glacier in Chandra basin -- 7. Analysis of Snow Dynamics in Beas River Basin, Western Himalaya Using Combined Terra-Aqua MODIS Improved Snow Product and In-Situ Data during 21st Century -- 8. Inventory of Moraine Dammed Lakes in Satluj, Ravi, Chenab, and Beas Basins using IRS- LISS III Satellite Data in the Western Himalayan Region of Himachal Pradesh, India -- 9. Late Quaternary Glacial Geomorphology of Kashmir Valley, NW Himalayas: A Case Study of the Sind Basin -- 10. Snow Cover and Land Surface Temperature Assessment of Mana Basin Using MODIS Satellite Data -- 11. Seasonal ground water fluctuation monitoring using GRACE satellite technology over Punjab and Haryana during 2005 – 2015 -- 12. Importance of regulating transboundary aquifers in the world with special reference to Indian subcontinent: A review -- 13. Chemical Weathering in Jhelum River and its Tributaries, Kashmir Basin, Western Himalaya -- 14. Groundwater Storage Assessment Using Effective Downscaling Grace Data in Water-Stressed Regions of India -- 15. Water quality of Himalayan Rivers in Uttarakhand -- 16. Study of Solute Sources and hydrochemical Analysis of Meltwater Draining from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India -- 17. Geochemical Characterization and Evolution of Groundwater in Parts of Kashmir Valley, Western Himalaya -- 18. Delineation of Groundwater Potential Recharge Zone Using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques – A Case Study of Rampur Tehsil, Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh India -- 19. Geospatial Approach for Water Quality Index Mapping for Drinking Purpose in Guna District, Madhya Pradesh, India, Madhya Pradesh, India -- 20. Application of Environmental Isotopes and Hydrogeochemistry in Groundwater Management – A Case Study of Bringi Watershed, Kashmir Himalayas, India.
    Abstract: This edited book summarizes numerous research studies on remote sensing and GIS of natural resource management for the Himalaya region done by Indian Institutions and Universities over the last decade. It gives an overview of hydrometeorological studies on Himalayan water resources and addresses concerns in the development of water resources in this region, which is dealing with an increased pressure in population, industrialization and economic development. While the source of some of the major rivers of India are found in the Himalayas, the glaciers and water bodies in the region are continuously shrinking leading to a depletion of water and deterioration of water quality. This is affecting a population of up to 2.5 billion people. The ecosystems have been under threat due to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, expansion of agriculture and settlement, overexploitation of natural resources, habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, mining, construction of roads and large dams, and unplanned tourism. Spaceborne remote sensing with its ability to provide synoptic and repetitive coverage has emerged as a powerful tool for assessment and monitoring of the Himalayan resources and phenomena. This work serves as a resource to students, researchers, scientists, professionals, and policy makers both in India and on a global level. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 355 p. 247 illus., 230 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030679323
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Social Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Wind Energy -- Chapter 3. Research Progress of Offshore Wind Energy -- Chapter 4. Characteristics of Global Offshore Wind Energy -- Chapter 5. Climate Characteristics of Wind Energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Chapter 6. Long Term Trend of Wind Energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Chapter 7. Wind Energy Evaluation Around the Sri Lanka Waters -- Chapter 8. Future Focus of Wind Energy Evaluation.
    Abstract: This book aims to establish a wind energy evaluation system, to provide scientific reference for site selection, daily operation and long-term planning of wind power generation, thus to make contribution to breaking the shackles of power shortage. Firstly, it presents the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power, then further discusses about the status quo and challenges for wind power programs along the Maritime Silk Road and offer suggestions. A wind energy evaluation system was proposed with the Maritime Silk Road as a case study, including climatic features of wind power (temporal-spatial distribution), long-term climatic trend and mechanism, short-term forecast of wind energy, mid- and long-term projection of wind energy, technology of wind energy evaluation on key point or vital region and offshore wind energy dataset construction, to provide systematic and scientific reference for wind power evaluation and utilization. This book is one of the series of publications on 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as “Maritime Silk Road”). It covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine renewable energy, remote islands and reefs construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, etc., contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, thus, to improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and protect the rights, interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It is a valuable reference for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 177 p. 106 illus., 105 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789811641114
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Oceanography. ; Environmental education. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental and Sustainability Education. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: General on ocean literacy -- Ocean literacy: background, future drivers and opportunities -- Ocean literacy – From a ripple to wave -- A framework for the assessment of the effectiveness of ocean literacy initiatives -- Exploring and exploiting deep ocean, space -- Ocean literacy – In the context of naming of seas. Case study: The sea between Korea and Japan -- Part II: Education -- Design-based implementation research for exploring the ocean. A geographical perspective -- Innovative education strategies to advance ocean literacy -- Education under sail: Could sail training be the quintessential alternative education space for ocean Literacy?- Part III: Applications -- The importance of Ocean literacy in the Mediterranean Region - Steps towards blue sustainability.
    Abstract: This book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play in advancing the case for Ocean Literacy. This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 294 p. 129 illus., 117 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030701550
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geomorphology. ; Atmospheric science. ; Sustainability. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geomorphology. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Sustainability. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cryosphere and Cryospheric Science -- Classification and geographical distribution of cryosphere -- Formation and development of cryosphere -- Physical properties of the cryosphere -- Chemical characteristics of the cryosphere -- Climatic and environmental record in cryosphere -- Cryospheric evolutions at different time-scales -- Interactions between cryosphere and other spheres -- Cryospheric changes and sustainable development -- Cryosphere model and cryosphere change projection -- Field observations and experiments for cryospheric science.
    Abstract: This book introduces systematically the cryospheric science, covering the formation, development, evolution, and research methods of each component of the cryosphere, the interaction between the cryosphere and the other spheres of the climate system and the anthroposphere, and the hot topics of social and economic sustainable development and geopolitics. The authors are world-renowned experts and scientists working in the related fields. They have a deep understanding and accurate grasp of the basic theory, evolution mechanism, and international frontiers of the cryosphere, as well as rich teaching experience, which makes this book suitable also as textbook for graduate students. It is also the first book that introduces the knowledge of cryospheric science systematically. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the book also introduces field work and experimental analysis. It should be of interests for the scholars and graduate student working in the fields of geography, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, atmosphere, ecology, environment, oceanography, and regional economic and social sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 422 p. 159 illus., 111 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789811664250
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Paleontology . ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical Geography. ; Paleontology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- Part I. Lake Studies and Types of Lakes in Mongolia -- 2. Lake Studies in Mongolia: An overview -- 3. Formation and Evolution of Lakes in Mongolia -- 4. Genesis of Lakes in Mongolia -- 5. Classification of Lakes in Mongolia -- Part II. Landscape Evolution of Large Lakes in Mongolia and Their Paleoclimate Records -- 6. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Eastern Mongolia.-7. Lake Buir -- 8. Lake Khukh -- 9. Landscape, lake distribution and evolution in southern Mongolia -- 10. Lake Buun Tsagaan -- 11. Lake Ulaan -- 12. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Western Mongolia -- 13. Lake Uvs -- 14. Lake Khoton -- 15. Landscape, lake distribution and evolution in northern Mongolia -- 16. Lake Khuvsgul -- 17. Lake Khargal -- 18. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Central Mongolia -- 19. Lake Terkhiin Tsagaan -- 20. Lake Ugii -- 21. Paleoclimatic patterns recorded in Lakes of Mongolia -- Part III. Scientific, Economic and Touristic Significances of Lakes in Mongolia -- 22. Future Directions of Lake Study in Mongolia -- 23. Economic Values of Lakes in Mongolia -- 24. Touristic Prospects of Lakes in Mongolia.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of lakes in Mongolia from scientific, economic and scenic points of view, presenting lake area changes, their sedimentological and geochemical characteristics, valuable economic and geoheritage resources and paleoclimate change reconstruction. The book emphasizes internationally well-known lakes of Mongolia, but it also describes far less popular lakes which have remained unrecognized for scientific importance. The book offers modern, qualitative, process-oriented approaches and quantitative analytic results-based implications to understand the geomorphological, sedimentological and geochemical evolution of lake basins in Mongolia, and past and present climate changes in Mongolia and Eurasia. Insights into the interpretation of data obtained from the lake basins in the fields of geomorphology, sedimentology, geochemistry, geochronology and paleoclimatology are developed from theoretical principles, empirical observations, correlative illustrations, analytic measurements and conscious hypotheses. Based on the application of a combined compilation of recent Landsat 8 images of the lakes and topographic maps of them in 1970, this book presents enriched results and implications derived from remote sensing together with field measurements and laboratory analyses. This data compilation belongs to a research team at the Laboratory of Geochemistry and Geomorphology (LGG), National University of Mongolia (NUM).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVIII, 452 p. 113 illus., 104 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030991203
    Series Statement: Syntheses in Limnogeology,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Introduction to the Physical Geography of Austria: Geological and Tectonic Setting of Austria -- Geomorphological Landscape Regions of Austria -- The Imprint of Quaternary Processes on the Austrian Landscape -- River and Valley Landscapes -- Karst Landscapes in Austria -- Geomorphic Hazards in Austria -- Geoheritage, Geotourism and Landscape Protection in Austria -- Part 2: Geomorpic Hotspots of High Scenic Quality and/or High Scientific Interest: Granite Tors of the Waldviertel Region in Lower Austria -- Deeply Incised Valley Meanders of the Bohemian Massif -- Wachau World Heritage Site: A Diverse Riverine Landscape -- Sunken Roads and Palaeosols in Loess Areas in Lower Austria – Landform Development and Cultural Importance -- The Danube Floodplain National Park – A Fluvial Landscape with Expiration Date? -- Lake Neusiedl Area: A Particular Lakescape at the Boundary between Alps and Pannonian Basin -- Quaternary Landforms and Sediments in the Northern Alpine Foreland of Salzburg and Upper Austria -- The Walgau – a Landscape Shaped by Landslides -- Fluvial Geomorphology and River Restoration: Tiroler Lech Nature Park -- The World Heritage Site Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut – a Fascinating Geomorphological Field Laboratory -- Gesäuse – River Gorge, Limestone Massifs and Sediment Cascades -- The Rax Karst Massif – a Typical Plateau of the Northern Calcareous Alps? -- Montafon – Geodiversity and Human Impact -- Giant „Bergsturz“ Landscapes in the Tyrol -- The Upper Ötz Valley – High Mountain Landscape Diversity and Long Research Tradition -- The Moraine at Trins and the Alpine Lateglacial -- The Krimml Waterfalls in the Hohe Tauern National Park -- Großglockner and Pasterze Glacier – Landscape Evolution at Austria’s Highest Summit and its Neighbouring Glacier System -- Gorges and Slots - Three Examples of Geomorphosites in Western Carinthia -- Rock Glaciers in the Austrian Alps – A General Overview with a Special Focus on Dösen Rock Glacier, Hohe Tauern Ran -- The Ore of the Alps UNESCO Global Geopark (Salzburg) – Geosites and Geotourism -- The Variability and Uniqueness of Cirque Landscapes in the Schladminger Tauern -- The Erzberg Area: A Mining Landscape in Styria -- Dobratsch – Landslides and Karst in Austria’s Southernmost Nature Park -- Klagenfurt Basin – A Large Basin in the Alps -- Geomorphological Evidence of Past Volcanic Activity in the Southeast of Austria.
    Abstract: This book intends to identify and publicize the unique features of Austrian geomorphology. In a country which stretches from the core of the European Alps to the Hungarian plain there is huge variety of landforms and landscapes. This book reveals that variety. Part 1 sets the context of the Austrian landscape as a whole. Part 2 is the core of the volume and comprises a careful selection of the most outstanding landscapes in Austria. Each of the chapters results from detailed research conducted by an author over many years. Austria’s landscapes are especially attractive because of the great variety of topographic slopes, geologic foundations and the special landscape legacy from the Quaternary period. Glacial and Karst landscapes dominate, but there are superb examples of granite weathering landscapes and geologically recent volcanism. Part 3 is the editor’s original and creative contribution. It emphasizes the importance of geomorphology as a natural resource. Tourism relies upon geomorphology and many national, aesthetic and cultural values are influenced by that geomorphology. The book is lavishly illustrated with about 300 color images and is securely based on scientific scholarship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 496 p. 368 illus., 353 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030928155
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Archaeology. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Archaeology. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction. Specificity and relevance -- Factors of flooding of archaeological artifacts -- Basic equipment for underwater archaeological research -- Special and auxiliary equipment for underwater archaeological research -- Technical aspects of underwater archaeological research in ancient Fanagoria -- Technical aspects of underwater archaeological research in ancient Patraeys -- Technical aspects of underwater archaeological research of neolithic settlements on Lake Sennitsa -- Technical aspects of studies of sunken ships in the Black Sea -- Technical means of studying the liner “Titanic” -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The book discusses various aspects of the technical support of underwater archaeological research in marine and freshwater areas. This book considers the relevance, specificity, and artifacts of underwater archaeological research, stating the factors of flooding of archaeological artifacts. The authors describe the basic equipment for underwater work, as well as the equipment for remote study of the bottom and underwater archaeological research. This book presents the usage of instrumentation in underwater archaeology. Case studies included in this book correspond to the flooded ancient Greek cities of Fanagoria and Patraeus in the Taman Bay of the Black Sea, flooded Neolithic settlements on Lake Sennitsa in the Pskov region of Russia, sunken ships in the north of the Black Sea and sunken liner “Titanic” in the Atlantic ocean. The book is intended for students, graduate students and archaeologists who are interested in the specifics of underwater archaeological research and are planning to conduct it.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 95 p. 117 illus., 109 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031275029
    Series Statement: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Abstract of the book. Bottom gravity currents and overflows in deep channels of the Atlantic -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- Chapter 2. General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 3. Source Regions -- Chapter 4. Exchange between the Argentine and Brazil Basins; Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 5. Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- Chapter 6. Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic -- Chapter 7. Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- Chapter 8. Passages in the East Azores Ridge -- Chapter 9. Flows through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic -- Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the analysis of bottom waters flows through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations of the authors, analysis of historical data, numerical modeling, and literature review. For example, studying both the measurements from the World Ocean Circulation experiment in the 1990s and recent measurements reveals the decadal variations of water properties in the ocean. Seawater is cooled at high latitudes, descends to the ocean bottom, and slowly flows to the tropical latitudes and further. This current is slow in the deep basins, but intensifies in the abyssal channels connecting the basins. The current overflows submarine topographic structures and sometimes forms deep cataracts when water descends over slopes by several hundred meters. The flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is studied on the basis of CTD sections combined with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Profiling (LADCP) carried out annually, and long-term moored measurements of currents. This book is a collection of oceanographic data, interpretation, and analysis, which can be used by field oceanographers, specialists in numerical modeling, and students who specialize in oceanography. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 483 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030830748
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Soil science. ; Earth sciences. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Soil Science. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface by Series Editor -- Foreword -- Author biographies -- Physical environment -- Landscapes and landforms -- Geoheritage and landscape protection -- Index. .
    Abstract: Landscapes and Landforms of the Slovakia provides an attractive physiographical overview of the most prominent landscapes of Slovakia and the distinctive landforms associated with them. It describes the main driving factors leading to their evolution and importance for geoconservation and geotourism. The richly illustrated book provides the reader with enjoyable and informative descriptions of the selected sites within their regional geographical and geological settings range from the Tatras Mts. with glacially shaped relief as the highest region in the Carpahians to caves and lowlands taking into account fluvial, gravity-induced, karst and structural landscapes of the Slovakia. The book is organized in 3 parts: a) Introduction, which presents a general framework of the physical geography of Slovakia, b) Geomorphological landscapes, presenting papers dealing with key geomorphological areas, resp. landforms, c) Geoheritage and landscape protection, providing an updated vision on the geomorphological/geological heritage sites and landscape protection policy in Slovakia. The book will be relevant to scientists, scholars and any readers interested in geomorphology, geology, physical geography, geoheritage, landscape tourism and environmental protection. It can be also used for undergraduate and graduate courses in Earth and environmental sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 467 p. 331 illus., 316 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030892937
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Mathematical analysis. ; Mathematics Data processing. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Analysis. ; Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Observations: atmospheric forcing and ocean response -- Atmospheric circulation -- Ocean forcing and the surface mixed layer -- Ocean response -- PART II: Models 205 -- Ocean models -- PART III: Free waves -- Overview -- Midlatitude waves -- Equatorial waves -- PART IV: Process solutions -- Overview -- Ekman drift and inertial oscillations -- Sverdrup flow and boundary currents -- Interior ocean -- Coastal ocean -- Equatorial ocean: switched-on forcing -- Equatorial Ocean: periodic forcing -- PART V: Applications -- Beams and Undercurrents -- Overturning circulations -- APPENDIX A: Movies.
    Abstract: The book is the first to focus on the physical oceanography of the North Indian Ocean (NIO), a special region of the global ocean that exhibits a distinct seasonality due to the impact of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM). It is written as a textbook about the NIO for graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in physical oceanography. It will also be useful for courses on the interior, coastal, and equatorial dynamics in any other ocean. It helps readers, particularly new entrants to the field, to gain a comprehensive understanding of tropical-ocean dynamics by: developing from first principles the equation set for the linear continuously stratified (LCS) model, which has long been used to study tropical oceans; and then obtaining solutions that explore different aspects of the dynamics. Part 1 of the book provides an overview of observed ocean circulations and forcing functions in the NIO that are linked to the SAM. Part 2 develops the equations of motion for the LCS model. Part 3 (Free Waves) and Part 4 (Forced Solutions) derive and discuss analytic solutions to the LCS model that illustrate basic processes in the interior (unbounded), coastal, and equatorial regions of the ocean. The last two chapters of Part 4 consider more complicated processes and phenomena that build upon the simpler solutions previously found: vertical propagation of coastal and equatorial waves, and the Indian Ocean's shallow overturning circulations. Each analytic solution is illustrated (and extended) by a suite of numerical LCS solutions presented as video clips, providing a powerful means for visualizing complex processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 521 p. 100 illus., 81 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789811958649
    Series Statement: Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Biotic communities. ; Population biology. ; Applied ecology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Ecosystems. ; Community and Population Ecology. ; Applied Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 2 - Conventional fisheries management and the need of the ecosystem approach -- Chapter 3 - Ecosystem trophic structure and dynamics: basic concepts Chapter 4 - Fisheries within the ecosystem context: the production, surplus production and balanced harvest -- Chapter 5 -Holistic indicators: theoretical basis -- Chapter 6 - Resilience -- Chapter 7 - Reference Points: Stock-based BRP vs. ecosystem(holistic)-based BRP -- Chapter 8 - Managing fisheries under an holistic approach -- Chapter 9 - Adaptability as management policy -- Chapter 10 - Selected study cases -- Chapter 11- Holistic approach and management practice.
    Abstract: This book provides cutting-edge scientific idea and novel concepts on the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. It begins by reviewing the scientific fundamentals and problems currently faced by conventional fisheries science, based on population dynamics. In turn, it reviews the theoretical basis of ecosystem dynamics, including selected ecosystem indicators. Surplus production and balanced harvests are discussed in the ecosystem dynamics context. Several ecosystem-holistic indicators are described, but particular emphasis is placed on two: the noxicline (gain in entropy due to loss of biomass) and resilience, which are expressed as ecosystem (holistic) points of reference for defining allowable harvest rates. Both biological (population) and ecosystem (holistic) points of reference are subsequently analyzed in the context of fisheries management and conservation. An adaptability concept is also discussed as a management policy for facing climate change. In closing, the concepts presented are applied to six study cases involving a range of different ecosystems and fisheries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 160 p. 65 illus., 3 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030968472
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; America Politics and government. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; American Politics. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Challenges of Latin America in the Global Environmental Geopolitics of the XXI Century (Fernando Estenssoro Saavedra) -- Dilemmas and Opportunities of the South American Transboundary Basins and Integration (Ana Emérica Seitz) -- Scientific Knowledge Regarding Natural Resources in South America: Conditioning Factors and Strategic Challenges for the Region (Rosina Soler) -- Identity-based Cooperation in the Multilateral Negotiations on Climate Change: The Group of 7 and China (María del Pilar Bueno) -- Public Concern on Climate Change: Taking Stock and Testing Hypotheses in Latin America (Patricio Yamin) -- International Environmental Funds: Between Domestic Policies and the Foreign Relations of Argentina (Cristian Lorenzo) -- Index.
    Abstract: This volume discusses the challenges of Latin America in global environmental geopolitics. Written by leading experts, this book brings together Latin American research on global environmental change. They cover a range of topics such as climate change, water, forest and biodiversity conservation connected with science policies, public opinion, priorities of international funds, and international politics of Latin American countries. The book describes the discrepancy between the international priorities and the regional needs or country interests. It includes several case studies and analyses the cooperation in multilateral negotiations on climate change. It also offers a synthesis of debates around global environmental changes and Latin American politics, which the authors have previously promoted in different academic events in South America, including in Santiago de Chile in Chile, and Buenos Aires and Ushuaia in Argentina. This book assesses the environmental problems from different perspectives, highlights the scientific development in the environmental changes affecting Latin America and offers a new view on geopolitics to help face those issues. Specialist readers in international relations, political sciences, environmental sciences, geography and geopolitics will appreciate this up-to-date examination of Latin America and the global environmental change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 181 p. 12 illus., 3 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030242541
    Series Statement: The Latin American Studies Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Integrated modelling of land use and cover change -- An integrated analysis approach to LUCC process at regional scale -- Modeling urban growth with CA model at regional scale Chapter 3 Detecting vegetation change with trend analysis of NDVI time series -- Integrated assessing of ecosystem services -- Forecast optimization of wind power service by integrating CFD and Kalman filtering -- Integrated modelling of hydrologic regulating service -- Assessing of climate regulating service– example of extreme weather -- Assessing the valuation of multiply ecosystem services -- Integrated modelling of ecosystem services and land-use change -- Simulating land-use change and its effect on biodiversity conservation -- Integrated ecosystem services assessment in urbanizing regions.
    Abstract: This book presents essential case studies on the integrated modelling of ecosystem services and land-use change in the field of landscape ecology. The case studies were mainly conducted in the Zhangye oasis of the Hexi corridor and the upper reaches of the Heihe river basin, including Loess plateau (for wind power) and the inland waterways of the Yangtze River (for the regulation of extreme events). The book puts forward an integrated modelling method, including human activities, natural processes, land-use change, and ecosystem management, and explores multiple scenarios based on the interests of local managers and their implications for ecosystem services. As the book demonstrates, the integrated modelling method for ecosystem services and land-use change can serve as a valuable tool for gauging the impact of various development scenarios in this study area, and in other regions with similar characteristics. In addition, numerous charts and diagrams are included in each chapter, facilitating the simulation and assessment of specific land-use change impacts on ecosystem services in various study areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 182 p. 77 illus., 51 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811391255
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Environmental management. ; Cultural property. ; Social sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Cultural Heritage. ; Society.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part 1: Natural Diversity. Chapter 2: Diversity in Landforms -- Chapter 3: Diversity in Climate -- Chapter 4: Biodiversity -- Chapter 5: Agro-biodiversity -- Part 2: Cultural Diversity. Chapter 6: Diversity in Social Systems -- Chapter 7: Diversity in Culture and Customs -- Chapter 8: Diversity in Fairs and Festivals -- Chapter 9: Diversity in all Walks of Life -- Chapter 10: Conclusions.
    Abstract: The Himalaya is the new folded mountain system – the tallest and the youngest in the world. It has a rich diversity – natural and cultural, and diversity in all walks of life. Most of its uniqueness is unknown because of its remoteness. Even, the native people are not aware of them. This book aims to describe the uniqueness of the Central Himalaya in terms of its natural and cultural diversity in detail. Supported by original figures and primary data, this book is empirically tested. It is mainly based on observation and participation and the use of a qualitative approach. Although lots of work has been carried out on the various aspects of the Himalayan region yet, a detailed description of the natural and cultural diversity is yet to be done. This book steps forward to elaborate on some of the unique natural and cultural features of the Central Himalaya, which are worthy to be known about. It contains a total of 10 chapters. Four chapters are devoted to natural diversity and four chapters comprise cultural diversity. Besides, the introduction and conclusions are the first and the last chapters of the book, respectively. The book is the first of its kind and will be useful to all stakeholders – students of all standards, research scholars, academicians, policymakers, native people, tourists, and the general public.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 125 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031393631
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Oceanography. ; Environment. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Physical Geography. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Conservation Biology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The Book, and Ecology of Sea Ice -- Chapter 2. Autumn, Development and Consolidation of Sea Ice -- Chapter 3. Winter, Cold and Mature Sea Ice -- Chapter 4. Spring, Summer and Melting Sea Ice -- Chapter 5. Sea Ice in a Climate Change Context -- Chapter 6. Methods and Techniques in Sea Ice Ecology.
    Abstract: The book on sea ice ecology is the ecology of sea ice algae and other microorganism as bacteria, meiofauna, and viruses residing inside or at the bottom of the sea ice, called the sympagic biota. Organisms as seals, fish, birds, and Polar bears relies on sea ice but are not part of this biota. A distinct feature of this ecosystem, is the disappearance (melt) every summer and re-establishing in autumn and winter. The book is organized seasonally describing the physical, optical, biological, and geochemical conditions typical of the seasons: autumn, winter, and spring. These are exemplified with case studies based on author’s fieldwork in Greenland, the Arctic Ocean, and Antarctica but focused on Arctic conditions. The sea ice ecosystem is described in the context of climate change, interests, and effects of a decreasing summer ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. The book contains an up to date description of most relevant methods and techniques applied in sea ice ecology research. This book will appeal to university students at Masters or PhD levels reading biology, geosciences, and chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 178 p. 130 illus., 103 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030374723
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden :Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape architecture. ; Quality of life. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Architecture. ; Quality of Life Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: Therapeutic landscapes, introduction to a concept of health-promoting places -- on the concept of landscape and health -- human-place relationships - landscape preferences, landscape and forests as health resources.
    Abstract: Joachim Rathmann presents the interdisciplinary relationships between landscapes and health. Nature is to be regarded as an elementary health resource, because movement in near-natural surroundings has demonstrably positive influences on human health and is summarized in many ways in the concept of "therapeutic landscapes". Natural areas offer an important resource for strengthening health, especially to an aging society, which can also be measured economically. The author presents natural science, social science, and humanities research in a clear, understandable, and concise manner for a broad readership. At the same time he gives suggestions for a conscious handling of the sensitive resource landscape and for a regular observation of nature. This springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Therapeutische Landschaften by Joachim Rathmann, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. The contents · Therapeutic landscapes, introduction to a concept of health-promoting places · On the concept of landscape and health · Person-place bonds · Landscape preferences, landscape and forests as a health resource The target groups Students and lecturers of landscape planning, nature conservation, geography, health sciences and environmental psychology, -medicine as well as -pedagogy Professionals in these fields and in landscape architecture, environmental economics, and gerontology The author Dr. Joachim Rathmann did his PhD on climate change in southern hemispheric Africa and teaches and does postdoctoral research on ecosystem services at the University of Augsburg. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 48 p. 3 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783658338480
    Series Statement: Springer essentials,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Natural disasters. ; Human geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geology. ; Natural Hazards. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part A: Studies with temporal focus -- Ch.1 Global megaflood paleohydrology -- Ch.2 Flooding northern Germany: impacts and magnitudes of Middle Pleistocene glacial lake-outburst floods -- Ch.3 Outburst flood from Möhne Reservoir in May 1943 after aerial bombing -- Part B: Studies with regional focus -- Ch.4 Droughts in historical times in Europe, as derived from documentary evidence -- Ch.5 Geomorphological and geoarchaeological evidence of the Medieval deluge in the Tagliamento River (NE Italy) -- Ch.6 Inverted channels in the eastern Sahara – distribution, formation, and interpretation to enable reconstruction of paleodrainage networks -- Ch.7 Noah’s Flood – probing an ancient narrative using geoscience -- Part C: Studies with methodical and technical topics -- Ch.8 Luminescence dating in fluvial settings: overcoming the challenge of partial bleaching -- Ch.9 Large palaeomeanders in Europe: distribution, formation process, age, environments and significance -- Ch.10 Palaeostage indicators in rivers - an illustrated review -- Ch.11 High-resolution sedimentary paleoflood records in alluvial river environments - a review of recent methodological advances and application to flood hazard assessment.
    Abstract: The book provides a review of the most relevant topics on the booming discipline of palaeohydrology and focuses on previous extreme events like exceptional floods and droughts. Reviews written by leading experts of their fields are combined with selected key studies and presentations on up-to-day methodical and conceptional topics as a perspective for further research. Consequently, the compilation provides an excellent review on the state of the art of numerous relevant topics of palaeohydrology and acts as unique introduction for early career scientists and scientists of different disciplines working on hydrological extreme events, both in basic research and applied aspects. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 230 p. 110 illus., 93 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030233150
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Sustainability. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecosystems. ; Sustainability. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Research progress of the grassland carbon cycle and grassland degradation in China -- Grassland coverage inter-annual variations and its coupling relation with hydrothermal factors in China -- Spatial-temporary dynamics of grassland net primary productivity in China and its response to climate factors -- Inter-annual variation in grassland net ecosystem productivity and its coupling relation to climatic factors in China -- The variation of landscape and NPP of main pastoral grasslands in China -- Grassland degradation remote sensing monitoring and driving factors quantitative assessment in China from 1982 to 2010 -- Grassland degradation restoration and constructing green ecological protective screen.
    Abstract: This book focuses on grassland ecosystem evaluation including vegetation coverage, net primary productivity, carbon sink accounting, and grassland degradation evaluation based on mutual data resource, ecosystem model simulation, remote sensing monitoring and driving mechanism exploration. It aims to provide a guide seeking to understand the overall situation of grassland in China in the context of global climate change and build a scenario for the driving force quantitative evaluation. It will be an essential reference to the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and degraded grassland ecological restoration engineer implementation. Chapters are carefully developed to cover (1) situation of grassland in China; (2) spatial-temporal of grassland coverage in China;(3) net primary productivity evaluation; (4) carbon sink/source accounting and its carbon-hydrology effect;(5) grassland landscape pattern; (6) grassland degradation evaluation based on remote sensing;(7) Grassland degradation restoration and constructing green ecological protective screen. The new scenario and driving mechanism evaluation model make this book a valuable read for researcher of land ecosystem carbon cycle, ecosytem degradation remoete sensing evalution as well as organizations engaged in eco-restoration practices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 138 p. 49 illus., 31 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789813293823
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Architecture. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Physical Geography. ; Geography. ; Cities, Countries, Regions. ; Environmental Social Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Essays in Honour of Rana P.B. Singh -- Rana Pratap Bahadur Singh, ‘Rana-ji’: Academic Contributions, Professional Career and Recognition -- Making of a Dweller Indian Cultural Geographer: In Conversation with Professor Rana P.B. Singh -- Theoretical Perspectives on Landscape Perception -- Sacredscapes vis-à-vis Faithscapes: Cultural Landscapes of Ayodhya, a Holy-Heritage City of India -- Char Landscapes of the Brahmaputra Riverine Tract, Assam: Elements of Evolution and Cultural Ecology -- Re-connecting Communities with Public Spaces: A Proposal for Rejuvenation of Sacred kunds in the Historic city of Varanasi -- The Priesthood of the Temple of Viṭhobā in Pandharpur, Maharashtra -- Geographical Spread of Hindu Religion and Culture into the West -- Geographical Patterns of Indigenous Religious Belief Systems in North-East India: A Case Study .-Kautilya’s Political Geography – Concepts and Ideas: An Example of Ancient Indian Geographical Thinking -- Genealogy and Its Role in Matrimony: A Study of Panji System of Mithila Region, Bihar (India) -- The Two Faces of Bodhgayā -- Local Knowledge Education on School Students and Vernacular Landscape Identity Promoting: a case of Dongshan Town, Suzhou, China -- The Misings of Assam in the Midst of Tradition and Modernity: A Comparative Study of Selected Rural and Urban Areas -- Lumbini, Nepal: The Birthplace of Buddha and the Powerful Place of Pilgrimage in the World -- Pañcakroshi Yatra: Symbolic Manifestation of the Spatial to the Spiritual -- Cultural Tourism based Regional Development in Rajasthan, India -- Baul-Sufi Interface and Cultural Tourism: A Study in Northern Rarh of West Bengal, India -- Cultural Images of Kolkata: A Contemporary Perspective -- Situating Animals in the Aesthetics of a Global City: Stray Cattle and Dairy Farmers in Delhi, India -- Urban Sanitation in Indian Cities: Reflections from Varanasi -- Perspective on Agricultural Land Use Trajectory in the Peri-Urban Interface of a Developing Economy: A Case of Aligarh City.
    Abstract: This festschrift honours Prof. Rana P.B. Singh who has dedicated his life to teaching and conducting research on cultural geography with a ‘dweller Indian perspective’. The book focuses on the cultural geographies of India, and to an extent that of South Asia. It is a rich collection of 23 essays on the themes apprised by him, covering landscapes, religion, heritage, pilgrimage and tourism, and human settlements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXV, 580 p. 212 illus., 180 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811664151
    Series Statement: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Sustainability. ; Biotic communities. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Sustainability. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Montane grasslands: Biomass estimations using remote sensing techniques and knowledge gap in Africa -- Chapter2. Unravelling regional Geodiversity: a GRID-MAPPING Approach to QUANTIFY GEODIVERSITY in the uThukela District, KwaZulu-Natal -- Chapter3. Monitoring the wildfire activity and ecosystem response on Mt. Kilimanjaro using Earth Observation data and GIS -- Chapter4. Ecological Vulnerability Assessment to Grassland Fires in a Protected Mountainous Area Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Chapter5. Natural hazards magnitude, vulnerability and recovery strategies in the Rwenzori Mountains, Southwestern Uganda -- Chapter6. Assessing the Vulnerability of the Eastern Africa Highlands’ Soils to Rainfall Erosivity -- Chapter7. Development of Lightning Hazard Map for Fire Danger Assessment over Mountainous Protected Area using Geospatial Technology -- Chapter8. Water resources monitoring over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco using satellite observations and Reanalysis data -- Chapter9. Evaluating Settlement Development Change, Pre, and Post-1994 in the Drakensberg Mountains of Afromontane Region, South Africa -- Chapter10. Digital Soil Mapping for hydropedological purposes of the Cathedral Peak research catchments, South Africa -- Chapter11. Effect of Climate Variability and Change on Land Suitability for Irish Potato Production in Kigezi Highlands of Uganda.
    Abstract: This edited volume focuses on the use of remote sensing techniques to assess and monitor mountainous ecosystems in Africa, with a focus on tracking changes related to climate change and human activity. The book is timely, as the interaction of mountain environmental dynamics with conservation and sustainability is an under-researched issue. The chapters in this volume use remotely sensed data to study a variety of topics related to mountains and their ecosystems, including but not limited to vegetation, energy systems, environmental hazards, ecosystem services, diseases, climatic shifts, geological formations and geomorphological dynamics. The ability to monitor, assess and analyze mountainous regions is aided by the availability of remote sensing products such as optical and microwave sensors and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The works presented here push the frontier of knowledge on mountain studies and will help shape local, national and global assessments and policies, including efforts toward the achievement of the African Agenda 2063. The book will be of interest to researchers and students in remote sensing, geography, ecology and sustainability, as well as to government organizations and conservation specialists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 247 p. 81 illus., 78 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031048555
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Ocean Sciences. ; Conservation Biology. ; Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- 1. The Red-legged Partridge: A Historical Overview on Distribution, Status, Research and Hunting -- 2. Advances in Research on Ecophysiology and Evolutionary Ecology: the Red-legged Partridge as a Study Model -- 3. Habitat Use and Selection: Is Habitat Management the Key to Restore Red-legged Partridge Populations? -- 4. Habitat Use and Selection: Is Habitat Management the Key to Restore Red-legged Partridge Populations? -- 5. The Introduced Red-legged Partridge in Britain: Management and Challenges for the Future -- 6. Molecular DNA studies in the Red-legged Partridge: from population genetics and phylogeography to the risk of anthropogenic hybridization -- 7. Enough Reared Red-legs for Today, but Fewer Wild Ones for Tomorrow? The Dilemma of Gamebird Rearing and Releasing -- 8. Ecotoxicology relevant to the Red-legged Partridge and other Galliformes -- 9. Health Monitoring and Disease Control in Red-legged Partridges -- 10. Red-legged Partridge Monitoring and Population Trends -- 11. Social and Economic Aspects of Red-legged Partridge Hunting and Management in Spain -- 12. Epilogue: Would the Red-legged Partridge has a future?.
    Abstract: There has been a recent upsurge of red-legged partridge research in most countries where the species is distributed, but no comprehensive review of that fresh and relevant multidisciplinary and international knowledge is available. In fact, this is probably the first scientific book on this important species, apart from Dick Potts’ excellent works on British-introduced population, or ONCFS’s (Office Nationale de la Chasse et le Faune Sauvage, France) older technical reports. This is in strong contrast with a plethora of literature in hunting magazines or non-academic books, not often precise, realistic, or well informed. Thus, the book fills a great bibliography gap that could have important social impact. The common thread of the book is the prominent role a species like this may play for research, from basic physiological or ecological knowledge to socio-economics of hunting and the rural world. The general framework of the book [I1] is the important role that hunting and game management may play in both rural economies and biodiversity conservation, with the partridge as flag species, and also in identifying the “dark drift” that industrial, incorrectly deployed management, or hunting vision may have on both sustainability of resources and nature conservation at large. The final aim of the book is identifying the best future scenario, both for partridge hunters and managers as well as the general public.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 302 p. 42 illus., 35 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030963415
    Series Statement: Wildlife Research Monographs, 6
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Africa, Sub-Saharan History. ; Soil science. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth Sciences. ; History of Sub-Saharan Africa. ; Soil Science. ; Environmental Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate variability in the Horn of Africa eastern countries -- Geology and geomorphological landscapes of Eritrea -- Geomorphology of Afar -- Geomorphology of Eritrean river systems -- Pleistocene landscape variability recorded in the Homo-bearing Dandero Basin (Eritrea) -- Landscape and landforms of the Samoti plain, Eritrean Danakil -- A review of the forest landscape evolution in Eritrea throughout the last century -- Landscape Change, Land Degradation, and Sustainable Land Management in the Central Highlands of Eritrea -- Land degradation in Eritrea and Djibouti -- Landscape and landforms of northern Somalia -- Inselberg landscape of the Bur Area in southern Somalia -- Fluvial landscape of the Daban basin, northern Somalia -- River hydromorphology and flood hazard in Somalia -- Use of repeat photography to monitor landscape changes and development in Somalia.. Index.
    Abstract: This book focuses on regions for which until now the geomorphology was very poorly studied and relatively unknown. Nevertheless, the landforms and landscapes of the Horn of Africa are highly attractive, diverse and in a few cases unique, since they span very different environments, from highland plateaus and mountains to lowlands (even below sea level) and coastlines with a high degree of diversity and from monsoon to arid climate conditions. The main topics addressed in the book include the links between the geological evolution and the current large scale geomorphology of the Horn of Africa; the large differences between the highlands and lowlands climate, river hydrology and their variation through time within a climate change perspective. This part of the world was home of the very first hominids. The landscape in which they lived and evolved throughout the Pleistocene is described in comparison with the arid and inhospitable, though immensely scenic, environment of today. Perennial and ephemeral rivers with very different morphology, processes and hydrology drain the area and when they are able to reach the sea they substantially contribute to determine the main coast and beach landforms. Their changes trough time, induced by both natural and anthropogenic factors are addressed by a couple of case studies. Though the region has few inhabitants they had to struggle to find their livelihood in a land that offers poor resources. This resulted in landscape change and land degradation. Examples of human impact on the landscape are presented at different scales. This book provides readers interested in geography and geomorphology with essential scientific and educational information on the Landscapes and Landforms of Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia through simple, though scientifically, rigorous texts illustrated with several color maps and photos. One main prerogative of this book is therefore to give an insight into a region of the world where, for geographical and historical constraints, geomorphological investigation was very limited, thus enriching its intrinsic informative value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 403 p. 446 illus., 411 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031054877
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Environmental economics. ; Sustainability. ; Economic geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Economics. ; Sustainability. ; Economic Geography. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Blue Economy: An overview -- Chapter 2: Advancement of Science and Technology: Future prospect of Blue Economy -- Chapter 3: Marine Ecosystem Services: Viewing from a Sustainable Management Approach -- Chapter 4: Commerce and trade of marine-based industries in a blue economy -- Chapter 5: Role and Prospect of Marine biotechnology in a blue economy -- Chapter 6: Powering the Blue Economy: An Assessment of Marine Renewable Energies -- Chapter 7: Operationalizing of Ocean wealth : Contribution of Fisheries, Edible and Non-edible seafood and aquaculture -- Chapter 8: Desalinisation of ocean water: How far does it contribute to the blue economy -- Chapter 9: Ocean as a repository for waste: An Assessment -- Chapter 10: Role of Blue Carbon in the protection and restoration of marine ecosystems -- Chapter 11: Conservation and Protection of Marine Biodiversity: Assessing the role of blue economy -- Chapter 12: Multifacet role of mangroves in the blue economy and its assessment -- Chapter 13:Tourism and recreation: Valuing its role in the blue economy -- Chapter 14: Monitoring the Health of Blue Ecosystems -- Chapter 15: Climate Change and induced impact on Blue Economy -- Chapter 16: Coastal Urbanisation: Challenges towards a sustainable blue economy -- Chapter 17: Present Status of ocean and International maritime regulations -- Chapter 18: Issues in designing future marine policy in regard to oceans governance and integrated Ocean management.
    Abstract: This volume defines and analyzes the Blue Economy, a system that encompasses all the economic activities which are happening in and around the ocean within a sustainable development framework, with focus on countries in Asia. This work is timely, as Blue Economy activities account for a significant share of GDPs in the island and coastal economies in the Asia region, sustaining the livelihoods of one of the largest sections of the world's population. This book, therefore, assesses how the Blue Economy contributes to these livelihoods from economic and ecological perspectives and analyzes the various types of ecosystem services provided, and how these services are regulated and maintained. While most studies of the Blue Economy focus only on the economic aspects, this book provides ample statistical data to demonstrate why ecosystem services should additionally be considered for the estimation and valuation of the Blue economy. The book is primarily meant for researchers, students, and teachers in the fields of environmental and ocean economics, sustainable development, and ecosystem services, and will be of further interest to policymakers and government officials working in matters related to the Blue Economy and sustainability policy. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 338 p. 35 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030965198
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Climatology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic concepts -- Climate variability diagnosed in spherical coordinates -- Climate variability diagnosed in z-coordinate -- External/internal modes in meridional/zonal directions -- Adiabatic signals in the upper ocean -- The regulation of MOC (MHF) by wind stress and buoyancy anomaly -- Adiabatic Heaving signals in the deep ocean -- Heaving, stretching, spicing and isopycnal analysis -- Heaving, stretching and spicing modes -- Potential Spicity -- Sigma-pi diagram and its application -- Isopycnal analysis -- Heaving modes in the world oceans -- Heaving induced by wind stress anomaly -- Heaving induced by anomalous freshwater forcing -- Heaving induced by anomalous wind, freshening and warming -- Heaving induced by convection generated gravity anomaly -- Heaving induced by deep convection generated volume loss -- ENSO events and heaving modes -- Heaving signals in the isopycnal coordinate -- Introduction -- Coordinate transformation by the casting method -- Coordinate transformation by the projecting method -- Difference between the casting method and the projecting method -- Isopycnal layer analysis for the world oceans -- Isopycnal layer analysis based on -- Heaving signals for the shallow water in the Pacific-Indian basin -- Heaving signal propagation through the equatorial sections -- Heaving signals in the isothermal coordinate -- Introduction -- Casting method -- Casting method applied to the GODAS data -- Projecting method -- Signal of layer depth and zonal velocity in the Pacific basin -- Z-theta diagram and its application to climate variability analysis -- Climate signals in the salinity coordinates -- Introduction -- Casting method -- Separating the signals into external and internal modes -- Analysis based on the GODAS data -- Shallow salty water sphere in the Atlantic Ocean.
    Abstract: This book is focused on fundamental aspects of climate variability in the ocean, in particular changes of the wind-driven circulation. The vertical movement of isopycnal (isothermal) layers, including their stretching and compression, is called heaving and stretching. A major part of climate variability in the ocean is heaving in nature. Heave is primarily associated with the adiabatic motions of isopycnal layers due to change of wind stress. It is rather difficult to separate the contributions from adiabatic and diabatic processes. Isopycnal analysis has been widely used in climate study; however, it is much more accurate to study the isopycnal layers. Here climate signals are examined in terms of changes of layer depth, layer thickness, layer temperature/salinity, spicity and others. In addition to the traditional Theta-S diagram, the sigma-pi (potential density – potential spicity) diagram can also be used in analyzing water mass property distribution and climate variability. In fact, a radius of signal can be defined rigorously for signals in the sigma-pi diagram; the combination of isopycnal analysis and evaluation of radius of signal provides a powerful tool in analyzing climate variability in the world oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 391 p. 410 illus., 359 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811529412
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The surface elevation probability distribution of nonlinear random waves -- Chapter 2. Statistical distribution sea surface slopes -- Chapter 3. On the dispersion relation of sea waves -- Chapter 4. Modeling the shape of the pulse reflected from the sea surface -- Chapter 5. Effect of long surface waves on the Bregg scattering of microwave -- Chapter 6. Impact of physical and chemical characteristics of the sea water on Bregg scattering of the radio waves -- Chapter 7. Measurements of statistical moments of sea surface slopes based on satellite sensing data -- Chapter 8. Contrast of optical images at the slick-ripple interface -- Chapter 9. Variability of the ocean-atmosphere interface as a light reflecting surface -- Chapter 10. Physical limitations on the accuracy of remote detection of wind speed over the sea.
    Abstract: This book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface. This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 222 p. 105 illus., 1 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030587529
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geophysics. ; Acoustics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geophysics. ; Acoustics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Mathematical model of acoustic processes -- Acoustic phenomena in the language of the theory of elasticity -- General properties and characteristic types of sound waves -- Flat sound waves -- Geometric acoustics -- Beam description of the sound field in inhomogeneous media -- Wave description of the sound field in inhomogeneous media -- The reflection of sound waves from the bottom of the ocean -- The scattering of sound by the roughness of the surface and bottom of the ocean.
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive overview of hydroacoustics and describes the physical basis of acoustic processes observed in the sea. In addition, it discusses the basic concepts and provides simplified models of sound propagation and acoustic phenomena at the boundary between environments. Lastly, the book examines in detail a number of applications of ocean acoustics and methods. The ocean is the last reserve of natural resources. It is also an essential element in the biosphere, ensuring the latter’s balance, and plays a pivotal role in the Earth’s climate system and global warming. Consequently, studying the ocean is one of humankind’s most critical scientific tasks, but penetrating its mysteries is no mean feat. Acoustics (hydroacoustics) is one of the most powerful tools for examining the water layer and beyond, since sound waves are the only type of radiation that can propagate over distances of hundreds and even thousands of kilometers in the ocean. This unique resource appeals to specialists working in the fields of ocean and atmosphere physics, students and postgraduate students studying sea physics and oceanology, and anyone who is interested in the problems the ocean is currently facing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 165 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030358846
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Botany. ; Ecology Methodology. ; Ecology . ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Plant Science. ; Ecological Modelling. ; Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Methodology for ecological analysis -- Chapter 3. Ecology of Eastern Himalaya -- Chapter 4. Ecology of Western Himalaya -- Chapter 5. Climate change and plant invasions -- Chapter 6. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book discusses plant invasions and environmental impacts on the Himalayas through a novel procedure, and helps to understand the influences of climate, physiography, soil, and disturbance on plant richness in mountain systems. Assessing invasion risks to mountain space under future climate change scenarios is highly significant for appropriate preparedness, and this book details analytical and modeling techniques to assess the conditions of mountain ecosystem and ecology to better inform our preparation for future environmental challenges. The book presents the state-of-the-art understanding of the species-environment relationships in a global biodiversity hotspot, relatively unexplored areas for the Himalayan life-form richness. The book provides not only the academic but also the professional community and policymakers a review and update on modeling applications for determining interactions of the plant species with the environment of a subtropical mountain ecosystem across a climatic gradient. Currently, there is no book in the market addressing the implementation and applications of modeling in the Himalayan plant and environment continuum, and most of the existing books cover the species richness pattern along the elevation gradient and basic ethnobotanical features of a mountain system. Since the book covers the applications of novel methods and modeling for ecological analysis of mountain ecosystems, it will also be significant for the professional market. Therefore, the book aims to fill the gap between scientists and professionals in the use of modeling strategies to monitor biodiversity in mountain systems for the formulation of conservation, adaptation, and mitigation principles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 172 p. 65 illus., 58 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031133473
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscapes and Landforms of Scotland: a Geomorphological Odyssey -- Part I Physical Environment: Scotland: Geological Foundations and Landscape Evolution -- Long-term Denudation and Geomorphology in Scotland -- The Quaternary in Scotland -- Scotland’s Changing Landscape -- Part II Landscapes and Landforms: Geomorphology of the Continental Shelf -- Shetland -- Orkney and Caithness -- The Outer Hebrides and St Kilda -- The Islands of the Hebridean Igneous Province: Skye, Mull, Rùm and Arran -- The Islands of Islay, Jura, Colonsay, Tiree and Coll -- The Far Northwest: Sutherland, Assynt and Coigach -- Wester Ross -- Rock-slope Failures in the North West Highlands -- The Glacial Geomorphology around Inverness and the Great Glen -- Glen Roy and Glen Spean -- Western Grampian Highlands -- The Cairngorm Mountains -- Fluvial Landforms of Glen Feshie and the Spey Drainage Basin -- Central and Eastern Grampian Highlands -- The Buchan Palaeosurface -- Beaches and Dunes of the Moray Firth Coast -- Beaches and Dunes of Eastern Scotland -- Loch Lomond, Menteith and the Forth Valley -- Glacifluvial and Glacilacustrine Landforms of the Midland Valley -- The Midland Valley: Ice-moulded Lowlands -- Upland Landscapes and Landforms of the Southern Uplands -- The Solway Lowlands and Coast -- Part III Geoheritage, Scotland's Geomorphological Heritage and its Conservation -- Index.
    Abstract: This book provides an appealing and informative overview of the outstanding landforms and landscapes of Scotland. Scotland is internationally renowned for the diversity of its geology, landforms and landscapes. The rock record spans most of geological time, from the Archaean to the Palaeogene, and represents the outcome of tectonic plate movements, associated geological processes, and sea-level and climate changes. Scotland incorporates primeval gneiss landscapes, the deeply eroded roots of the Caledonian mountain chain, landscapes of extensional tectonics and rifting, and eroded remnants of volcanic complexes that were active when the North Atlantic Ocean opened during the Palaeogene. The present relief reflects uplift and deep weathering during the Cenozoic, strongly modified during successive episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. This striking geodiversity is captured in this book through 29 chapters devoted to the evolution of Scotland’s scenery and locations of outstanding geomorphological significance, including ancient palaeosurfaces, landscapes of glacial erosion and deposition, evidence of postglacial landscape modification by landslides, rivers and wind, and coastal geomorphology. Dedicated chapters focus on Ice Age Scotland and the associated landscapes, which range from alpine-type mountains and areas of selective glacial erosion to ice-moulded and drift-covered lowlands, and incorporate accounts of internationally renowned sites such as the ‘Parallel Roads’ of Glen Roy, the Cairngorm Mountains and the inselbergs of Assynt. Other chapters consider the record of postglacial rock-slope failures, such as the famous landslides of Trotternish on Skye, and the record of fluvial changes since deglaciation. The sea-level history of Scotland is addressed in terms of its raised and submerged shorelines, while several chapters discuss the contrasting coastal landscapes, which range from the spectacular sea cliffs of Shetland and Orkney to the beaches and dunes of eastern Scotland. The role of geoconservation in preserving Scotland’s outstanding geomorphological heritage is outlined in the final chapter. The book offers an up-to-date and richly illustrated reference guide for geomorphologists, other Earth scientists, geographers, conservationists, and all those interested in geology, physical geography, geomorphology, geotourism, geoheritage and environmental protection. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 503 p. 273 illus., 242 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030712464
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Soil science. ; Physical Geography. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction -- 2 Polar-Subpolar Zone (Tundra Zone) -- 3 Boreal Zone (Taiga Zone) -- 4 Humid Mid-Latitudes -- 5 Dry Mid-Latitudes -- 6 Subtropics with Winter Rain -- 7 Subtropics with Year-Round rain -- 8 Dry Tropics and Subtropics -- 9 Tropics with Summer Rain -- 10 Tropics with Year-Round Rain -- 11 Mountain Soils -- 12 Ubiquitous Soils.
    Abstract: This book describes and comprehensively illustrates the soils of the world in accordance with the worldwide WRB classification. The structure of the book follows the ecozone concept. For every ecozone, location, climate and vegetation as well as soil formation and distribution are presented. All soils representative of the corresponding ecozone are then described in detail: definition, properties, distribution, use, classification, genesis. Over 260 photographs illustrate soil profiles, soil details and landscapes. Instructive maps and graphs help understand soil properties and soil-forming processes and make the publication an excellent reference book about the world's soils. About the Authors Wolfgang Zech is professor emeritus for Soil Science and Soil Geography at the University of Bayreuth (Germany) and the lead author of the German edition of this book. He is honorary member of the German Soil Science Society. Peter Schad is a lecturer for Soil Science at the Technical University of Munich (Germany) and the lead author of the present English edition of this book. He is the Chair of the Working Group World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) and the lead author of the current edition of the WRB. Gerd Hintermaier-Erhard is a geologist and soil scientist. Together with Wolfgang Zech he published in 1997 a 'Soil Science Dictionary' and in 2002 the first edition of 'Soils of the World' (both in German).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 256 p. 324 illus., 321 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783540304616
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Agriculture Economic aspects. ; Agriculture. ; Soil science. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Agricultural Economics. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Chapter 1: Background to the natural landscape and the consequences of the ecosystem conversion -- Chapter 2: Socio-economic and institutional drivers and impacts of land use change -- Chapter 3: Potentials and Strategies of adapted land use as basis for ecological and social-economic sustainable development of the rural landscape -- Chapter 4: Change in Regional Development -- Chapter 5: Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgement.
    Abstract: This book focuses on a representative example and one of the world’s largest steppe conversions, and provides a detailed overview of the results of the BMBF-funded research project KULUNDA. As part of the Siberian virgin land policy, the Kulunda steppe was transformed into agricultural land from 1954 to 1965. In the course of the project, a multidisciplinary research team conducted a natural, social-economic and agro-scientific cause-and-effect analysis of (agro-)ecosystem destabilisation, as well as various field trials covering tillage and crop rotation options in their socio-economic context. The ecologically and economically sound findings offer strategies for combining climate smart land utilization, ecosystem restoration and sustainable regional development, and can readily be applied to other virgin land conversion efforts. In addition, the findings on the Eurasian steppes will expand the current conversion literature, which mainly consists of the ‘Dust Bowl’ literature of the North American plains. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists, professionals, and students in the environmental, geo- and climate sciences. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVI, 522 p. 202 illus., 164 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030159276
    Series Statement: Innovations in Landscape Research,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratified / rotating fluid dynamics of the atmosphere.– Ocean -- Development of the equations -- Basic and perturbed states -- Quasi-Geostrophic theory -- Internal waves -- Two-layer model -- Convection -- Boundary layers in stratified fluids -- Jets and buoyant plumes -- Diffusion and transport processes -- Equations for diffusion processes -- Simple models of turbulent diffusion and transport -- Shear flow dispersion -- Transport of suspended sediments -- Estuarine transport -- Simple ecosystem models -- Introduction -- Dynamics of ecosystems -- Ecosystem models.
    Abstract: This book develops a fundamental understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics based on a mathematical description of the flows of inhomogeneous fluids. It covers these topics: 1. development of the equations of motion for an inhomogeneous fluid 2. review of thermodynamics 3. thermodynamic and kinetic energy equations 4. equations of state for the atmosphere and the ocean, salt, and moisture effects 5. concepts of potential temperature and potential density 6. Boussinesq and quasi-geostrophic approximations 7. conservation equations for vorticity, mechanical and thermal energy instability theories, internal waves, mixing, convection, double-diffusion, stratified turbulence, fronts, intrusions, gravity currents Graduate students will be able to learn and apply the basic theory of geophysical fluid dynamics of inhomogeneous fluids on a rotating earth, including: 1. derivation of the governing equations for a stratified fluid starting from basic principles of physics 2. review of thermodynamics, equations of state, isothermal, adiabatic, isentropic changes 3. scaling of the equations, Boussinesq approximation, applied to the ocean and the atmosphere 4. examples of stratified flows at geophysical scales, steady and unsteady motions, inertia-gravity internal waves, quasi-geostrophic theory 5. vorticity and energy conservation in stratified fluids 6.boundary layer convection in stratified containers and basins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 323 p. 100 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030749347
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental management. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Management. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- PART A: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT PERSPECTIVES -- 1) Application of the IGRC framework for SAR -- 2) Historical Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) Incident Analysis: Interactive visualization aids for improved risk assessment and decision making -- 3) Oil spill risk in the Canadian Arctic: An exploratory application of the International Risk Governance Framework -- 4) Ship-generated underwater noise -- PART B: INDIGENOUS RIGHTS AND MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING PERSPECTIVES -- 5) Shipping Governance and Inuit Rights -- 6) Inuit knowledge and data: An exploration of decision support systems for marine spatial planning in the eastern Canadian Arctic -- 7) Balancing competing ocean uses: The EU approach to Marine Spatial Planning -- 8) Integrated Ocean Management in France: Some perspectives -- PART C: MARITIME REGULATORY POLICY PERSPECTIVES -- 9) The IMO Framework and Process of Shipping Regulations -- 10) The regulation of air pollution from ships in the Northwest Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: The need for an integrated and equitable approach -- 11) A Change in the Ice Regime: Polar Code Implementation in Canada Drummond Fraser, Transport Canada -- 12) Seafarers and Arctic cruise shipping: Protecting those who work while others explore and sightsee -- 13) Mapping the Occupational Health and Safety Challenges Arising from Employment-Related Geographical Mobility (E-RGM) Among Canadian Seafarers on the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River -- 14) Fisher safety -- 15) Search and rescue at sea: do new challenges need new rules? -- 16) Conclusion. .
    Abstract: This open access book is a result of the Dalhousie-led research project Safe Navigation and Environment Protection, supported by a grant from the Ocean Frontier Institute’s the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (CFREF). The book focuses on Arctic shipping and investigates how ocean change and anthropogenic impacts affect our understanding of risk, policy, management and regulation for safe navigation, environment protection, conflict management between ocean uses, and protection of Indigenous peoples’ interests. A rapidly changing Arctic as a result of climate change and ice loss is rendering the North more accessible, providing new opportunities while producing impacts on the Arctic. The book explores ideas for enhanced governance of Arctic shipping through risk-based planning, marine spatial planning and scaling up shipping standards for safety, environment protection and public health. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 319 p. 40 illus., 31 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030449759
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environmental geography. ; Human geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Climatology. ; Social sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Integrated Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Water. ; Climate Sciences. ; Society.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Glaciology Mass Balance of Very Small Glaciers on Mount Kenya during 2016–2018 -- Chapter 2: Climatology Seasonal Changes of Rainfall around Mount Kenya and its Relation to Atmospheric Circulation -- Chapter 3: HydrologyⅠ Impact of Glacier Shrinkage on the Water Cycle of Mount Kenya -- Chapter 4: HydrologyⅡ Hydrology and Society of Regions Surrounding Mount Kenya -- Chapter 5: Geomorphology Glacial Topography and Soil Development Processes in the Foreland of Tyndall Glacier on Mount Kenya -- Chapter 6: GeoecologyⅠ Retreating Glaciers and Plant Succession on Mount Kenya due to Climate Change -- Chapter 7: GeoecologyⅡ Growth Dynamics and Distribution of Giant Rosette Plants on Recently Deglaciated Terrain below the Tyndall Glacier on Mount Kenya -- Chapter 8: Ecological Anthropology Local Perceptions and their Responses to Changes in Water Environment and Land Use in the Mount Kenya Region -- Chapter 9: Development Studies Sustainability and Local Participation in Community-based Water Resources Utilization: A Case Study of the Matengo Highlands, Tanzania -- Chapter 10: Summary and Challenges Toward a Multidisciplinary Understanding of Tropical High Mountains in Africa. .
    Abstract: This book describes the challenges for the natural environments and local communities in the future. Among the high mountains of Africa, only Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and the Rwenzori Mountains are still capped with glaciers. The retreating rate of these glaciers has accelerated, and they are expected to disappear in the near future. In the area around Mount Kenya, the precipitation is generally low, such that rainfall cannot stably supply water for farmlands and daily life. It has been revealed that the glacial meltwater has produced springs at the foot of the mountain. It is therefore important to characterize the condition of water sources near Mount Kenya for use by local people. This book discusses the relationships between the actual state of the climate and glacier shrinkage around Mount Kenya, the surrounding vegetation, soil, and water environments, and the lives of the foothill region inhabitants confronting the glacier shrinkage. This book is valuable in the contemporary age, when the assurance of a sustainable relationship between nature and mankind is critical.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 166 p. 94 illus., 77 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811678530
    Series Statement: International Perspectives in Geography, AJG Library, 17
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Ecology . ; Bioinformatics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Ecology. ; Computational and Systems Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- 1. Why a monograph on little bustard? -- 2. The little bustard and its family: an overview of relationships -- 3. Natural history of the little bustard: morphology, biometry, diet, sexual dimorphism, and social and breeding behaviour -- 4. The little bustard around the world: distribution, global conservation status, threats and population trends -- 5. Breeding biology and demographic traits -- 6. Habitat selection and space use -- 7. Migration, movements and non-breeding ecology -- 8. Behavioural ecology of the little bustard: sexual selection and mating systems -- 9. Interspecific relationships -- 10. Captive breeding, handling and care, and the impact of releases on wild populations -- 11. Little bustard population dynamics -- 12. Threats affecting little bustards: human impacts -- 13. Little bustard and humans : Conservation and management -- 14. Conclusions and perspectives.
    Abstract: This book is devoted to the Little Bustard, a medium sized Paleartic steppe bird whose distribution ranges from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia. At present, the European population is suffering a severe decline mainly due to agricultural intensification, although its status and concerns in non-European countries are relatively unknown. In spite of this dramatic situation, the Little Bustard is an interesting model species for topics as varied as phylogeny, life history evolution and demographic traits, sexual selection and lekking behavior, habitat selection, intra- and interspecific relationships, or interaction with farming and other anthropogenic disturbances. This book provides an updated, interdisciplinary, and worldwide review of the most recent information of this crucial species in the Palearctic steppe-bird community, from specific biological aspects and traits to research-focused management. Some of the most prominent scientists from different fields (systematics, breeding ecology, behavior, competence, predation, population dynamics, farming, conservation) update and synthesize the existing information on a singular, threatened and vulnerable species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 313 p. 48 illus., 31 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030849023
    Series Statement: Wildlife Research Monographs, 5
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Cogeneration of electric power and heat. ; Fossil fuels. ; Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Water. ; Fossil Fuel. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Business and Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. A History of gas hydrate research -- Chapter 1. Gas Hydrate Research: From the Laboratory to the Pipeline -- Chapter 2. Shallow gas hydrates near 64° N, off Mid-Norway: Concerns regarding drilling and production technologies -- Chapter 3. Finding and using the world’s gas hydrates -- Part II. Gas Hydrate Fundamentals -- Chapter 4. Seismic rock physics of gas-hydrate bearing sediments -- Chapter 5. Estimation of gas hydrates in the pore space of sediments using inversion methods -- Chapter 6. Electromagnetic applications in methane hydrate reservoirs -- Part III. Gas Hydrate Drilling for Research and Natural Resources -- Chapter 7. Hydrate Ridge - A gas hydrate system in a subduction zone setting -- Chapter 8. Northern Cascadia Margin gas hydrates – Regional geophysical surveying, IODP drilling Leg 311 and cabled observatory monitoring -- Chapter 9. Accretionary wedge tectonics and gas hydrate distribution in the Cascadia forearc -- Chapter 10. Bottom Simulating Reflections below the Blake Ridge, western North Atlantic Margin -- Chapter 11. A review of the exploration, discovery, and characterization of highly concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in coarse-grained reservoir systems along the Eastern Continental Margin of India -- Chapter 12. Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expeditions, Korea: Lithologic characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments -- Chapter 13. Bottom simulating reflections in the South China Sea -- Chapter 14. Gas hydrate and fluid related seismic indicators across the passive and active margins off SW Taiwan -- Chapter 15. Gas Hydrate Drilling in the Nankai Trough, Japan -- Chapter 16. Alaska North Slope Terrestrial Gas Hydrate Systems: Insights from Scientific Drilling -- Part IV -- Arctic -- Chapter 17. Gas Hydrates on Alaskan Marine Margins -- Chapter 18. Gas Hydrate related bottom-simulating reflections along the west-Svalbard margin, Fram Strait -- Chapter 19. Occurrence and distribution of bottom simulating reflections in the Barents Sea -- Chapter 20. Svyatogor Ridge - A gas hydrate system driven by crustal scale processes -- Chapter 21. Gas hydrate potential in the Kara Sea -- Part V. Greenland and Norwegian Sea -- Chapter 22. Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence on the Greenland continental margins -- Chapter 23. Gas hydrates in the Norwegian Sea -- Part VI. North Atlantic. Chapter 24. U.S. Atlantic Margin Gas Hydrates -- Chapter 25. Gas Hydrates and submarine sediment mass failure: A case study from Sackville Spur, offshore Newfoundland -- Chapter 26. Bottom Simulating Reflections and Seismic Phase Reversals in the Gulf of Mexico -- Chapter 27. Insights into gas hydrate dynamics from 3D seismic data, offshore Mauritania -- Part VII. South Atlantic -- Chapter 28. Distribution and Character of Bottom Simulating Reflections in the Western Caribbean Offshore Guajira Peninsula, Colombia -- Chapter 29. Gas hydrate systems on the Brazilian continental margin -- Chapter 30. Gas hydrate on the southwest African continental margin -- Chapter 31. Shallow gas hydrates associated to pockmarks in the Northern Congo deep-sea fan, SW Africa -- Part VIII. Pacific -- Chapter 32. Gas hydrate-bearing province off eastern Sakhalin slope -- Chapter 33. Tectonic BSR Hypothesis in the Peruvian margin: A forgotten way to see marine gas hydrate systems at convergent margins -- Chapter 34. Gas hydrate and free gas along the Chilean Continental Margin -- Chapter 35. New Zealand’s Gas Hydrate Systems -- Part IX. Indic -- Chapter 36. First evidence of bottom simulation reflectors in the western Indian Ocean offshore Tanzania -- Part X. Mediterranean Sea -- Chapter 37. A Gas Hydrate System of Heterogenous Character in the Nile Deep-Sea Fan -- Part XI. Black Sea -- Chapter 38. Gas hydrate accumulations in the Black Sea -- Part XII. Lake Baikal -- Chapter 39. The position of gas hydrates in the sedimentary strata and in the geological structure of Lake Baikal -- Part XIII. Antarctic -- Chapter 40. Bottom Simulating Reflector in the western Ross Sea Antarctica -- Chapter 41. Bottom Simulating Reflectors along the Scan Basin, a deep-sea gateway between the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and Scotia Sea -- Chapter 42. Bottom Simulating Reflections in Antarctica -- Part XIV. Where Gas Hydrate Dissociates Seafloor Microhabitats Flourish. Chapter 43. Integrating fine-scale habitat mapping and pore water analysis in cold seep research: A case study from the SW Barents Sea.
    Abstract: This world atlas presents a comprehensive overview of the gas-hydrate systems of our planet with contributions from esteemed international researchers from academia, governmental institutions and hydrocarbon industries. The book illustrates, describes and discusses gas hydrate systems, their geophysical evidence and their future prospects for climate change and continental margin geohazards from passive to active margins. This includes passive volcanic to non-volcanic margins including glaciated and non-glaciated margins from high to low latitudes. Shallow submarine gas hydrates allow a glimpse into the past from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to modern environmental conditions to predict potential changes in future stability conditions while deep submarine gas hydrates remained more stable. This demonstrates their potential for rapid reactions for some gas hydrate provinces to a warming world, as well as helping to identify future prospects for environmental research. Three-dimensional and high-resolution seismic imaging technologies provide new insights into fluid flow systems in continental margins, enabling the identification of gas and gas escape routes to the seabed within gas hydrate environments, where seabed habitats may flourish. The volume contains a method section detailing the seismic imaging and logging while drilling techniques used to characterize gas hydrates and related dynamic processes in the sub seabed. This book is unique, as it goes well beyond the geophysical monograph series of natural gas hydrates and textbooks on marine geophysics. It also emphasizes the potential for gas hydrate research across a variety of disciplines. Observations of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in 2D and 3D seismic reflection data combined with velocity analysis, electromagnetic investigations and gas-hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) modelling, provide the necessary insights for academic interests and hydrocarbon industries to understand the potential extent and volume of gas hydrates in a wide range of tectonic settings of continental margins. Gas hydrates control the largest and most dynamic reservoir of global carbon. Especially 4D, 3D seismic but also 2D seismic data provide compelling sub-seabed images of their dynamical behavior. Sub-seabed imaging techniques increase our understanding of the controlling mechanisms for the distribution and migration of gas before it enters the gas-hydrate stability zone. As methane hydrate stability depends mainly on pressure, temperature, gas composition and pore water chemistry, gas hydrates are usually found in ocean margin settings where water depth is more than 300 m and gas migrates upward from deeper geological formations. This highly dynamic environment may precondition the stability of continental slopes as evidenced by geohazards and gas expelled from the sea floor. This book provides new insights into variations in the character and existence of gas hydrates and BSRs in various geological environments, as well as their dynamics. The potentially dynamic behavior of this natural carbon system in a warming world, its current and future impacts on a variety of Earth environments can now be adequately evaluated by using the information provided in the world atlas. This book is relevant for students, researchers, governmental agencies and oil and gas professionals. Some familiarity with seismic data and some basic understanding of geology and tectonics are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 514 p. 309 illus., 294 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030811860
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Introduction: Anthropogeomorphology and Geospatial Technology -- Chapter 2-Geospatial Hydrometeorology -- Chapter 3-Remote Sensing Based Assessment of Water Management and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 4-Riverine Geomorphology Using Geospatial Technology & Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 5-Coastal Geomorphology using RS and GIS and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 6-GIS based Study of Forest Ecology and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 7-Web GIS based Decision Support System for Agricultural Landscape and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 8-Satellite based Monitoring of Soil Erosion Mapping and Modelling and Anthropogenic activity -- Chapter 9-Geoinformatics for Urbanogenic Intervention and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 10-Industrogenic intervention and Anthropogenic Process -- Chapter 11-Anthropogenic Process and Montanogenic Intervention: Geospatial Information Based Study -- Chapter 12-Application of Geospatial Technology on Tourism activity and Anthropogenic impact.
    Abstract: This book explores state-of-art techniques based on open-source software and statistical programming and modelling in modern geospatial applications, specifically focusing on recent trends in data mining techniques and robust modelling in Geomorphological, Hydrological, Bio-physical and Social activities. The book is organized into physical, mountainous, coastal, riverine, forest, urban and biological activities, with each chapter providing a review of the current knowledge in the focus area, and evaluating where future efforts should be directed. The text compiles a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of Geospatial computational intelligence (e.g., artificial neural network, spatial interpolation, physical and environmental modelling and machine learning algorithms etc) in geomorphic processes from a team of expert contributors. The authors address the wide range of challenges and uncertainties in the study of earth system dynamics due to climate change, and complex anthropogenic interferences where spatial modelling may be applied in the risk assessment of vulnerable geomorphological landscapes. The book will act as a guide to find recent advancements in geospatial artificial intelligence techniques and its application to natural and social hazards. This information will be helpful for students, researchers, policy makers, environmentalists, planners involved in natural hazard and disaster management, NGOs, and government organizations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVII, 668 p. 291 illus., 268 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030775728
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Oceanography. ; Human geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Magnitude, Frequency, and Change in Earth Systems -- Chapter2. Before the Holocene -- Chapter3. The Greenlandian -- Chapter4. The Northgrippian -- Chapter5. The Meghalayan -- Chapter6. The Anthropogenic Boundary Event.
    Abstract: This book explores the broad trajectory of the Holocene epoch in a region defined as the North Atlantic Polar Triangle (NAPT). The text is multi-disciplinary and synthetic, and focuses on the area extending from the North Pole to the Equator, and covers 60 degrees of longitude, encompassing the entire North Atlantic and significant parts of the land-masses that surround it. It discusses the physical, ecological and cultural history of the NAPT and its bordering regions after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. It outlines the long-term changing relationships between environmental processes and humans within this single space, providing insight into the broader and more complex interactions happening globally. The author proposes, on the basis of the changes that can be documented in the NAPT, probable trajectories of change in other equally complex but less well-documented, and less geographically constrained Earth systems. It contributes to the ongoing discussion of human transformation of the world, and the current debate about the designation of a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. It concludes by supporting the proposition that the Anthropocene is best understood as a boundary event, marking the upper limit of the Holocene, rather than as a new epoch. The intended audience includes physical geographers, anthropologists and readers exploring the synthetic analyses of the crisis humans currently confront as the world enters a period of extraordinary change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 134 p. 22 illus., 18 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031272646
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Biodiversity. ; Plant ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Biodiversity. ; Plant Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. introduction -- 2- The Amazon - largest river on earth -- 3. cities on the Amazon -- 4. people on the Amazon -- 5. the rainforest -- 6. flowering plants on and in the water -- 7. flowering plants in the rainforest -- 8. animal observation on and in the water -- 9. animal observation in the rainforest -- 10. conclusion: how will development continue in the Amazon lowlands?
    Abstract: In this volume, the Amazon and its adjacent rainforest are presented in all their important facets: First, there is the vast river system itself, with its network of white, black, and clear water rivers. The different water qualities have an enormous impact on people, animals and plants. On the other hand, the people who live along this "Rio Mar," the ocean river, are described. They are the Caboclos, the descendants of the European immigrants and the indigenous people, and it is the different indigenous peoples who have mostly settled along the riverbanks, since the rivers here replace the roads and make contact with other people possible in the first place. Although these ethnic groups have been in contact with Western civilization for generations, they have surprisingly preserved a number of remarkable traditions that are described here. The treasure of the Amazon is its plants and animals. Therefore, the most fascinating flowering plants, including numerous medicinal plants, tropical fruits, trees, epiphytes and lianas from different habitats are described in detail and illustrated with excellent photographs. Finally, it is the animals, especially in and around the river, that have always fascinated the German explorer Alexander von Humboldt in 1801. Not only is the lifestyle of the legendary pink dolphins, piranhas and tarantulas explained here, but the impressive amphibians, reptiles and mammals of the jungle are also discussed. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Faszination Amazonas by Lothar Staeck, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2019. In a first step the translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence . In a second step a human revision was done by the author. Dr. Lothar Staeck is professor for didactics of biology (biological education) at the Technical University Berlin. His main focus is the education of students with a focus on "biology teachers teaching in highschools". He his actually a biology lecturer on cruise ships for over 20 years and is an expert on the Amazon in particular. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 348 p. 252 illus., 248 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783662644522
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Ecology . ; Biotic communities. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Biooceanography. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1-An overview of phytoplankton productivity dynamics in the Indian Ocean -- 2-Marine optics and primary productivity -- 3-How much carbon does northern Indian Ocean biota export to the deeper ocean?- 4-Characterizing the phytoplankton dynamics and primary productivity in the estuarine and open oceanic waters of the Indian Ocean -- 5-Primary productivity dynamics in the northern Indian Ocean: an ecosystem modeling perspective -- 6-Spatial distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter and its relation to phytoplankton community structure in the Off-Kochi waters – a seasonal comparison in 2019 -- 7-Biophysical control on the variability in the upper layer production pattern of the Arabian Sea -- 8-Harmful algal blooms: an ecological perspective and its implications to productivity patterns in tropical oceans -- 9-Observation of phytoplankton bloom and associated features around the southern peninsular India using satellite data -- 10-A review on the phytoplankton primary production in relation to environmental forcing in Indian estuaries -- 11-Observation of satellite derived monthly scale variability of surface water chlorophyll over the basins Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea -- 12-Ocean Primary Productivity and its implications to fishery and biodiversity -- 13-Inter-basin comparisons of primary productivity and its controlling factors between Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal -- 14-Phytoplankton productivity in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean: present and future perspectives -- 15-Remote sensing-based estimation of primary production in Arabian Sea -- 16-Patterns of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in Indian Seas -- 17-Mixoplankton paradigm and its role in food-web dynamics and carbon sequestration potential of the oceanic environment -- 18-Conclusion. .
    Abstract: This volume compiles recent research on phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) in the Indian Ocean to provide an understanding and consolidation of the driving mechanisms of PP variability in diverse oceanic ecosystems globally. The book aims to facilitate a holistic overview of the research carried out in this field in various oceanic realms such as Indian coastal and oceanic waters (estuaries, coastal waters, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean). The contents of this book also address the United Nations sustainable development goals i.e., SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life below Water), with a focus on the impacts of climate change oceanic ecosystems. The book can serve as a comprehensive baseline of information for researchers studying planktonic primary productivity and biogeochemistry-related research in the above-mentioned marine ecosystems and other global oceans. It is intended to attract the attention of researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate oceanography students, and policy makers in the field of marine sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 357 p. 86 illus., 79 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031344671
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Environment. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Pointcloud and Geomorphology – a theoretical and practical introduction -- Pointcloud generation in Geomorphology -- Point-cloud processing and derivatives -- Pointcloud Technology for Coastal and Floodplain Geomorphology -- Point-cloud and Hillslope Geomorphology.
    Abstract: Starting from concrete examples in Geomorphology, this comprehensive textbook explains to graduate and postgraduate students, point-cloud data technology and associated methods from acquisition to final-product generation. In the last few decades, Geo-sciences have experienced a paradigm shift from the challenge of collecting enough data to the need of creating new processing tools that can handle the billions of data. This shift has come to Geomorphology with the increasing use of surface-pointclouds obtained from photogrammetry, laser scanners and processed by specialist software, and it is thus necessary for the next generation of geomorphologist to be fluent in these technologies. Consequently, this book explains from concrete examples how to use pointcloud technologies, from data collection to processing and final product generation. The philosophy of this book relies on two principles, first: you do not have to be a tech-wizard to use pointcloud technologies, allowing the you to bring back the focus on your science; second pointcloud methods can be affordable, therefore the book provide a set of worked-examples in the different geomorphological environments using open source software and R and Python code samples. The book can be used as a textbook in a geomorphology, geology, physical geography, Sabo-sciences and engineering class, as well as a companion for the more seasoned scientist who wants to solve specific problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 136 p. 74 illus., 67 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031109751
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Environmental geography. ; Demography. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Integrated Geography. ; Spatial Demography.
    Abstract: This book shows an updated overview of research about human geography topics like urban growth/urban challenges, transportation, landscape, land cover, geospatial analysis, regional planning/local development, cultural geography, tourism, and so on. Between 2020 and 2022, due to COVID-19 and lockdowns worldwide, there were fewer opportunities for young and upcoming researchers to present their state-of-the-art findings at conferences. In order to highlight exceptional research of young geographers during this time, the idea for this book was created. In collaboration with the EGEA alumni foundation for students and young geographers, 12 authors were selected to showcase their scientific work. In addition to that, most of them present amazing maps and figures as outstanding expression of the need of GIS for geography research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 254 p. 86 illus., 64 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031357237
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Environmental law, International. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Political science. ; Physical Geography. ; Humanities and Social Sciences. ; International Environmental Law. ; Regional Cultural Studies. ; Politics and International Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Map of the Arctic -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1. Arctic Governance, Decision-making and Non-state Actors -- Part 1. Perspectives from the Cirum-Arctic -- Chapter 2. The International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) in the Changing Arctic. Between International Scientific Cooperation and Science Diplomacy -- Chapter 3. Examining the Role of Think Tanks in Promoting Peace in the Arctic -- Chapter 4. The University of the Arctic (UArctic) as a Non-State Actor in the Circumpolar World -- Chapter 5. Highlighting Businesses as Key Non-State Actors in the Arctic: Collaboration between Arctic Economic Council and Polar Research and Policy Initiative -- Part 2. Perspectives from the European Arctic -- Chapter 6. Transnational cities alliances and their role in policy making in sustainable urban development in the European Arctic -- Chapter 7. Strength in Numbers? The Nordic Ministerial and Parliamentary Groupings as Observers in the Arctic Council -- Chapter 8. The development of data centres in the Nordic Arctic -- Chapter 9. Sustainable Arctic Marine Tourism Development: Scale and Scope for Community Investment, Coordination, and Action -- Part 3. Case Studies -- Chapter 10. Monitoring of Indigenous Law Enforcement in Evenkia, Russia -- Chapter 11. The Role and Impact of NGOs in Marine Mammal Governance -- Chapter 12. The characteristics of natural resource governance: The Nussir case, Norway -- Chapter 13. Bellona and the Environmental Policy in the Barents Region: A Pivotal Facilitator -- Chapter 14. Promoting the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic: The Case of Polar Research and Policy Initiative.
    Abstract: This book comprehensively discusses the role that non-state actors play in the Arctic and assesses the normative role of these actors. Beyond any organised forum, there are actors that have a significant impact on the way the Arctic is developed, adjudicated, managed, perceived, presented and represented. This book complements the literature on non-state actors in international law and international security, world politics and international relations and provides a geographical account of their role for the Arctic. The book content is not limited to a specific discipline, but takes into account different approaches to the topic. This means that it contains three types of contributions: research articles, shorter research notes and commentaries. While the research articles constitute the main body of the work, it is also the research notes which provide an insight into issues related to the topic of the book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 326 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031124594
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Environment. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Deserts -- Introduction to Google Earth -- Dunes -- Other aeolian phenomena -- Weathering phenomena -- Structural Landforms -- Hydrological features -- Climatic change -- Human impacts -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents an introduction to desert landscapes—primarily landforms that are natural and man-made. It is based around the presentation of a series of beautiful and informative annotated Google Earth images. These are accompanied by text that describes the feature(s) concerned, their location, and their origin. There are also, in some cases, ground images taken by the author.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 271 p. 243 illus., 237 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031151798
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Integrated Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Epistemology of Geography -- 2. Site selection method using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) -- 3. The application of a data-driven method for spatial analysis and prediction of gully erosion susceptibility -- 4. Methods and Approaches of Flood Susceptibility Assessment and Mapping: A Review in Geographical Perspective -- 5. Digital geography and its methods -- 6. Automated in situ Water Quality Monitoring – Characterizing System Dynamics in Urban-Impacted and Natural Environments -- 7. Research methods and techniques in physical geography -- 8 The methodological approaches in physical geography -- 9. Urban river restoration: A methodological discourse with examples from Kerala, India -- 10. The methodological approach of assessing urban vertical expansion using satellite remote sensing techniques. .
    Abstract: Geography science aims to observe the dynamics in describing earth's surface as a place and space for humans to carry out their lives, starting from simple identification using recording and sketching models, then utilizing tools such as maps, satellite imagery, statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Physical geography is the branch of natural science that deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. This book covers the methodology of the study for all aspects of physical geography: biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere. As a comprehensive textbook it consists of a detailed research methodology for physical geography research including selected case studies from Asia. These case studies cover methodological approaches for hydrology, climatology and geomorphology including the discovery of the best method for exploring and assessing mysterious physical phenomena using a diversity of methodologies. This book explores and explains the principal concept, basic method, optional method, detailed description of each method, and the challenges, advantages and disadvantages of the various methods. The technique of data selection, data acquisition, method of analysis, data interpretation and data analysis techniques with a specific focus on deterministic modeling, geography techniques, geospatial modeling with Geographic Information System (GIS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Automated machine techniques and combination of statistical analysis. Such techniques can help researchers to receive clearer concepts and obtain better measurements of the relevant attributes changes in the physical environment. Opportunity to critically examine the conceptualization and identification of the field in geographical research and how digital media has not only expanded the scope of what constitutes the field but has redefined the field in itself as well as the practices of observing, knowing, and analyzing the real world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 178 p. 71 illus., 57 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031071133
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Human geography. ; Economic geography. ; Cultural geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Human Geography. ; Economic Geography. ; Social and Cultural Geography. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Natural Aspects -- Chapter 1 -- Geography and Geology -- Chapter 2 -- The Climate of the Uttarakhand Himalaya -- Chapter 3 -- Glaciers of the Uttarakhand Himalaya -- Chapter 4 -- Water Resources and Change -- Chapter 5 -- Forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya -- Chapter 6 -- Increasing Events of Disasters -- Chapter 7 -- Change in Culture and Customs -- Chapter 8 -- Population, Social and Economic Change -- Chapter 9 -- Migration and Agrarian Change -- Chapter 10 -- Sustainable Development under Changing Environment -- Chapter 11 -- Conclusions: Drivers of Change, Resilience and Adaptation -- Index.
    Abstract: This book provides a unique and comprehensive assessment of the changes that have been taking place in the Himalayas. It describes in detail all the aspects of change, both natural and cultural, along with their implications, and suggests policy measures to help mitigate them. The book is divided into two major sections – on natural changes and cultural changes – and 11 chapters: an introduction, six addressing changes that concern natural aspects, and four exploring cultural changes and presenting the book’s conclusions. The content is based on a study conducted using a participatory observation/empirical method. Time series data from secondary sources is also included, helping to analyze the various changes. The findings are presented in the form of color graphs, models, maps, photographs, and tables. The book offers a valuable resource for policymakers, and will prove equally useful for all other stakeholders, e.g. researchers, students and development agents. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVII, 193 p. 73 illus., 60 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030141806
    Series Statement: Advances in Global Change Research, 66
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Renewable energy sources. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Water. ; Renewable Energy. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Research progress of wave energy evaluation -- Temporal-spatial distribution of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Climatic trend of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Short-term forecast of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Long-term projection of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road -- Wave energy assessment and proposal in the Sri Lankan waters -- Dataset construction of wave energy resources in the Maritime Silk Road -- Prospects of wave energy evaluation.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the evaluation of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road. Firstly, it compares wave energy and other main energy sources, and then discusses the various disadvantages. It also presents the current research and the difficulties of wave energy evaluation, and systematically analyzes the climatic characteristics of the wave energy, including the temporal–spatial distribution and climatic trend of a series of key factors (e.g. wave power density, availability, richness, stability, energy direction, energy storage). It then describes the design of a short-term forecasting scheme and a long-term projection scheme of wave energy suitable for the Maritime Silk Road, to serve as a plan for the daily operation and long-term development of wave energy. Further, it highlights the wave energy analysis and decision-making in the context of the remote islands and reefs, using Sri Lanka is taken as a case study. Lastly, it presents the first wave energy resource dataset for the Maritime Silk Road. This book is one of a series of publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as “Maritime Silk Road”) that covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and reef construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, and so improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, as well as to protect the rights, and interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book is a valuable reference resource for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 170 p. 95 illus., 94 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811509179
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea of Okhotsk -- Japan Sea -- East China Sea -- Yellow and Bohai Seas -- South China Sea -- Kuroshio and its affected Shelf Sea -- Oyashio and its affected Shelf Sea.
    Abstract: This book discusses temporal changes in six Asia-Pacific marginal seas and two west boundary currents in the Northwest Pacific. Covering time scales varying from years to decades, it provides a comprehensive review of the long-term changes in various physical variables, including sea level, sea surface temperature, water mass index, current and transport, as well as local issues such as sea ice and tidal mixing, and the processes and dynamics that govern them. The book also examines biogeochemical variables, such as nutrients, oxygen, pH, water transparency, ocean acidification, eutrophication and productivity, and explores future trends. Offering a holistic view of the changes that have occurred in the Asia-Pacific marginal seas and those that are likely to occur in the future, this book will appeal to readers from all fields of oceanography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VI, 320 p. 128 illus., 109 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811548864
    Series Statement: Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Natural disasters. ; Physical Geography. ; Geology. ; Environmental Studies. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Location, Territory, Boundaries -- 2. Geology -- 3. Hydrogeology and Mineral Waters -- 4. Mineral Resources -- 5. Relief -- 6. Karst -- 7. Natural Disasters (mudflow, landslide, ets.) -- 8. Climate -- 9. Black Sea -- 10. Inland Waters -- 11. Glaciers -- 12. Soils -- 13. Flora -- 14. Fauna -- 15. Landscapes -- 16. Tourism and Recreation -- 17. Protected Areas and Remarkable Features of Inorganic Nature -- 18. Environment Protection.
    Abstract: This book is one of the first books in English to give a comprehensive and detailed overview of the complete physical geography of Georgia. It discusses natural and environmental conditions, geology, hydrology, geomorphology, landscapes, and resources and elaborates issues of environmental protection, natural hazards, resource potentials, tourism and many other topics of this multifaceted country. This volume will appeal to researchers, educators and students in the fields of natural and environmental sciences, geography, geology, regional studies and related areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 227 p. 113 illus., 107 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030907532
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Climatology. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Engineering geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Geoengineering. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Hydrology -- Permafrost and seasonal frozen ground -- Ecosystems -- Linkage and integration.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the key terrestrial components of the Arctic system, i.e., its hydrology, permafrost, and ecology, drawing on the latest research results from across the circumpolar regions. The Arctic is an integrated system, the elements of which are closely linked by the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Using an integrated system approach, the book’s 30 chapters, written by a diverse team of leading scholars, carefully examine Arctic climate variability/change, large river hydrology, lakes and wetlands, snow cover and ice processes, permafrost characteristics, vegetation/landscape changes, and the future trajectory of Arctic system evolution. The discussions cover the fundamental features of and processes in the Arctic system, with a special focus on critical knowledge gaps, i.e., the interactions and feedbacks between water, permafrost, and ecosystem, such as snow pack and permafrost changes and their impacts on basin hydrology and ecology, river flow, geochemistry, and energy fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, and the structure and function of the Arctic ecosystem in response to past/future changes in climate, hydrology, and permafrost conditions. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, environmentalists, managers, and administrators who are concerned with the northern environment and resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 914 p. 397 illus., 335 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030509309
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Pollution. ; Ecology Methodology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Water. ; Pollution. ; Ecological Modelling.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Detection of Coccolithophore bloom episodes in Algiers Bay using satellite and in-situ analysis -- Chapter2. Multiscale spatiotemporal NDVI mapping of salt marshes using Sentinel-2, Dove, and UAV imagery in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel, France -- Chapter3. Contribution of near and mid infrared wavebands to mapping fine-scale coastal ecogeomorphological features -- Chapter4. Monitoring land cover change in the south-eastern Baltic sea since the 1980s by remote sensing -- Chapter5. Assessment of land cover changes in the Allala watershed based on object based image analysis using Landsat and Sentinel-2 images -- Chapter6. Deep Learning based Bathymetry Mapping from Multispectral Satellite Data around Europa Island -- Chapter7. Assessment of coastal vulnerability to erosion risk using geospatial and remote sensing methods (case of Jerba Island, Tunisia) -- Chapter8. A Random Forest approach for evaluating forest cover changes outside dikes with Sentinel images -- Chapter9. Spatial monitoring of coastal protection dikes case-study of the touristic beach “Palm Beach, west-Algiers Algeria’’ -- Chapter10. Monitoring shoreline changes in the Vietnamese Mekong delta coastal zone using satellite images and wave reduction structures -- Chapter11. Automatic detection of hydrodynamical and biological indicators of the shoreline using a convolutional neural network -- Chapter12. Very high-resolution monitoring and evaluation of tidal and ecological restoration in Beaussais’ bay -- Chapter13. Assessment of shoreline change of Jerba Island based on remote sensing data and GIS using DSAS tools -- Chapter14. New insights into the shallow morpho-sedimentary patterns using high-resolution topo-bathymetric lidar: the case study of the Bay of Saint-Malo -- Chapter15. Spatial modeling of the benthic biodiversity using topo-bathymetric lidar and neural networks -- Chapter16. Local circalittoral rocky seascape structuring fish community: insights from a photogrammetric approach -- Chapter17. Local circalittoral rocky seascape structuring fish community: insights from a photogrammetric approach -- Chapter18. Increasing the nature-based coastal protection using bathymetric lidar, terrain classification, network modelling: reefs of Saint-Malo’s lagoon?.
    Abstract: This volume presents full paper contributions from the International Conference of European Spatial Data for Coastal and Marine Remote Sensing (EUCOMARE) 2022, with the support of the ERASMUS+ Programme of the European Union, held in Saint Malo, France. EUCOMARE aims to promote academic and technical exchange on coastal related studies including coastal environmental and socio-economic issues, with the use of European remotely sensed data. The book is an excellent resource for scientists, engineers, and programme managers eager to learn about the recent developments and achievements in the field of remote sensing applications on marine and coastal areas. Readers will learn about recent advances in sensors' radiometric, spatial, temporal and spectral resolution, as well as new data processing approaches in remote sensing for monitoring and mapping the various characteristics of marine, coastal and aquatic systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 249 p. 135 illus., 124 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031162138
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Ecology . ; Sedimentology. ; Natural disasters. ; Geomorphology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Biooceanography. ; Sedimentology. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geomorphology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 - Coastal Processes, Coastal Waters and Sediments -- Chapter 2 - Coastal Geomorphology -- Chapter 3 - Cyclonic Storms and Other Natural Phenomena -- Chapter 4 - Beach Environment -- Chapter 5 - Sea Level Rise, Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Coastal Sunderbans -- Chapter 6 - Coastal Floral Diversity -- Chapter 7 - Coastal Zone Management -- Chapter 8 - Granulometry of Coastal Beach Sands -- Chapter 9 - Coastal Tourism and Pollution -- Chapter 10 - Foraminifera and Benthic Mollusks -- Chapter 11- Coastal Environments – Case Studies.
    Abstract: This book is the result of comprehensive research work on the various aspects of the West Bengal coast including the world’s largest riverine delta system, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta. The role of various hydrodynamic factors in shaping the coastal configuration and physicochemical parameters of coastal waters, soils, and granulometry of beach sands are extensively discussed. The coasts of the Indian peninsula, particularly the east coast, are subjected to severe cyclones, tidal bores, storm surges, and strong drift, which changes the coastal configuration as well as the quality of waters and the fertility of soils. A systematic description of major cyclones and their effects on coastal areas are described in detail. The book offers comprehensive information on the prevailing ecological conditions and lush green mangrove forests with wide-ranging flora and fauna of Sundarbans. UNESCO has declared Sundarbans as one of the world’s heritage sites, and as in other parts of the world, some of the coastal areas in West Bengal have attracted the attention of many tourists. Various steps undertaken by the government for coastal zone management and sustainable development of the coastal areas have been highlighted in the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of the coastal environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIX, 232 p. 34 illus., 23 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031188466
    Series Statement: Springer Water,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Petrology. ; Geochemistry. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Petrology. ; Geochemistry. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Geology of the study area -- Advanced sedimentology studies -- Petrographic and geochemical studies -- Tectonic and morphotectonic studies -- Environmental geological studies -- Remote sensing studies -- Basin analysis and modeling. .
    Abstract: This book presents a complete set of studies of alluvial fan sediments in southern Iran from the point of view of sedimentology, sedimentary geochemistry, tectonics, economic geology, groundwater, geomorphology, hazards and telemetry. In addition, the book focuses on advanced topics and theory, which practically serves as a model for the study of this type of sediment around the world. Alluvial fans are an important and fundamental factor in many sciences such as geology, environmental science, natural hazards, groundwater science, agriculture and many other related sciences. Lack of accurate knowledge of their constituent sediments has always been an important problem for experts in many science disciplines. From the economic point of view, the identification of alluvial fan deposits is of particular importance. For example, alluvial deposits are the centre of groundwater accumulation, and most groundwater reservoirs within the sedimentary basin are fed by water from alluvial deposits. Most of the gold production in South Africa has been formed as placer deposits in ancient alluvial fans. In addition, a large amount of uranium placer deposits is extracted from old alluvial fans in sedimentary basins in South Africa. This book serves as an ideal guide for experts in earth and environmental sciences and hydrology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 209 p. 146 illus., 140 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811920455
    Series Statement: Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Archaeology. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Archaeology. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Dead Sea and Its Deviation from Natural Conditions -- Lake Sevan: Evolution, Biotic Variability and Ecological Degradation -- Past and Current Changes in the Largest Lake of the World: The Caspian Sea -- The Aral Sea: A Story of Devastation and Partial Recovery of a Large Lake -- Geological History and Present Conditions of Lake Balkhash -- Lake Issyk-Kul: Its History and Present State -- Lop Nur in NW China: Its Natural State, and a Long history of Human Impact -- Uvs Nuur: A Sentinel for Climate Change in Eastern Central Asia. .
    Abstract: Describing the natural state of eight important lakes in Asia and the human impact on these lake ecosystems, this book offers a valuable reference guide. Over the past several decades the Aral Sea, Dead Sea, Lake Balkhash and other major lakes in Asia have undergone significant changes with regard to their size, water level, chemical composition, and flora and fauna. Most of these changes resulted from the loss of water from tributaries (now used for irrigation farming) or increasing consumption in local industries and households. However, significant human impacts may have begun as early as 2000 years ago. In addition to the three lakes mentioned above, Lake Sevan (Armenia), the Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan), Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), and Lake Lop Nur (China) are discussed as the most prominent examples of changing lake ecosystems. In contrast, an example of an almost pristine lake ecosystem is included with the report on Lake Uvs Nuur (Mongolia). For each lake, the book summarizes its origin and early geological history, and reconstructs its natural state and variability on the basis of proxy records from drilled or exposed lake sediments that have accumulated since the last ice age. The frequently observed reductions in lake level and size during most recent decades led often to significant environmental impacts in the respective lake catchments including vegetation deterioration, soil erosion and badland formation, soil salinization or the formation of sinkholes. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 264 p. 59 illus., 49 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030422547
    Series Statement: Springer Water,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Concepts Of Pollution and Pollutants and Their Nature (Natural And Man-Made Sources Of Pollution Of The World's Oceans) -- 2. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution By Microplastic -- 3. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution by Oil and Oil Products -- 4. Numerical Modeling Of The Hydrocarbon Spot Shape On The Water Surface -- 5. Oil Spill Response At Sea: Methods and Technologies -- 6. Marine Ecosystems and Features of Their Functioning.
    Abstract: This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution. The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea. The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 213 p. 42 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030618957
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Environment. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Extreme Precipitation Events, Floods and Associated Socio-economic Damages in China in Recent Decades -- Changes of Water Quality in the Yangtze River Basin -- Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Water Quality and Water Quality Incidents over Japan -- Assessment of Precipitation Amounts and Climate Extremes in Japan -- Precipitation Changes in Hokkaido and Future Water Resources in Its Main Rivers -- Estimation of Nutrient and Suspended Sediment Loads in the Ishikari River -- The Aral Sea Basin Crisis and Future Water- Climate- Food Nexus in Turkmenistan.
    Abstract: With the rapid increase of world population, the global water shortage is set to be the major crises of the twenty-first century; that is, population dynamics (growth, age distribution, urbanization and migration) create pressures on freshwater resources due to the increased water demands and pollution. Moreover, water resources management faces a new uncertainty- i.e. the potential for longer-term and more persistent climate change nowadays, which, in coming years, may significantly affect the availability of supply and patterns of water demand. This book mainly focuses on the impact of climate change and human activities on water quality and water resources in Asia Countries. It begins by describing the characteristics of water related disasters in the world. Then, the book analyzes the changes of floods and associated socio-economic damages for whole China over the last century, and assesses water quality and pollution source for the Yangtze River Basin, suggesting water-related disasters would become more intense, longer lasting, and/or more frequent in a future warmer climate. Then, after investigating spatiotemporal trends and causes of water quality and water quality incidents (Chapter 4) and precipitation extreme events (Chapter 5) in Japan, subsequent two chapters mainly evaluate the climate and human impacts on precipitation variations, water quality and water resources in the Hokkaido area. The final chapter comprehensively analyzes climate change impacts on water resources in the Aral Sea Basin, and then estimate the water requirements and water deficits for irrigation, future agricultural yields of seven major crops, and land and water productivity in four provinces of Turkmenistan considering climate change, population growth, and three socio-economic development scenarios. All results obtained from this book may provide a means to reduce water quality incidents and mitigate future negative impacts by adapting water management. Furthermore, the improved methods for water quality modeling in data scarce regions are transferable to other study areas and applicable in future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 183 p. 103 illus., 102 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811393945
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Soil science. ; Geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Landscape Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Physiography: Geology -- Climate -- Vegetation -- Lower Plains -- Hills and Ridges in Southwestern Nigeria -- Southeast Hills and Ridges -- The Niger Delta Region -- Specific Landforms: Quartzite Ridges (Examples from Southwestern Nigeria) -- Landforms of the Chad Basin -- Erosion and Accretion along the Coastal Zone of Nigeria -- Dunes of Northern Nigeria -- Riparian Vegetation -- Geology, Geomorphology and evolution of the landscapes of Cross River, Southeastern Nigeria -- Gully Erosion Sites in Southeastern Nigeria -- Jos Plateau -- Kainji Dam -- Geology and landscapes of southwestern Nigeria -- Geoheritage, conservation of geomorphological sites and geotourism: Islands of Lagos -- Urban Geoheritage Site: The Example of Olumo Rock in Abeokuta City, Ogun State, Nigeria.
    Abstract: The book deals with the most striking landscapes and landforms of Nigeria. Attention is paid to the diversity of geomorphic features found in the country, from the coast to the extreme north, approached geographically at the national, regional and local scales, with a view to highlight the combined influence of geological, climatic, biotic and anthropogenic influences, as well as geoheritage potentials. The topics and sites described range from the mainly depositional coastal lagoons and inlets, the most prominent of which is the oil rich Niger Delta, characterized by the mangrove and rain forest, both of which have been seriously modified by human impact; through the coastal lowlands and associated hill country, with derived, deciduous and dry forest vegetation; the very prominent Niger/Benue Trough and associated features; the savanna-semi desert covered high plains of the north and the Chad Basin, each of which features spectacular landscapes and landforms, including human-made forms such as cities and cityscapes. The book provides the readers with the opportunity to explore the variety of Nigerian landscapes and landforms through informative texts illustrated with color maps and photos: it will be relevant to scientists/scholars as well as others interested in the geology, physical geography, geomorphology, landscape, tourism and other geoheritage-related information about the country.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 285 p. 313 illus., 291 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031179723
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Medical sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Public health. ; Epidemiology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Health Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Public Health. ; Epidemiology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Overview: Global Ocean Changes – Impact on Human Health -- Chapter 2-Marine Chemistry: Acidity, Salinity and Chemical Composition -- Chapter 3-Marine Phytoplankton and CO2 Balance -- Chapter 4-Deep Water Horizon and Petroleum Exploration -- Chapter 5-The Ocean’s Impact on Emerging Infectious Diseases -- Chapter 6-Diminishing Fisheries and Impact on Human Food Supplies -- Chapter 7-Decreasing Marine Biodiversity -- Chapter 8-Marine Pollutants -- Chapter 9-Marine Biopharmaceuticals -- Chapter 10-Oceans and Rapid Climate Change -- Chapter 11-Hurricanes and Monsoons -- Chapter 12-Arctic Communities and Declining Ice Flow -- Chapter 13-Estuaries and Coastal Ecosystems -- Chapter 14-Current Research Activities.
    Abstract: This book provides a complete and current overview of the correlation between ocean conditions and human health, publishing comprehensively for the first time on the direct interactions among oceanography, marine biology and impacts on human health. Specifically the text addresses how changing ocean conditions result in health impacts and disruptions, with a focus on cases in the USA. ­ The changing ocean conditions that are discussed include diminishing marine biodiversity, climactic changes such as intensified weather events, shifting sea currents and increasing sea temperature. The book addresses the resulting health issues brought about by these various ocean conditions, such as emerging infectious diseases, starvation and poisoning among impacted communities, toxic algae blooms, threatened ecosystems, and other future implications. ­ The text was developed in conjunction with scientists from Brown University, the University of Rhode Island, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of California at Riverside and Ochsner Health, all located in areas deeply impacted by the changing Oceans. ­ The book will be of interest to marine research scientists, health care professionals, students, and general enthusiasts of oceanography and health. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 180 p. 26 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030550127
    Series Statement: Global Perspectives on Health Geography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geophysics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geophysics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Multi-beam bathymetry technology -- Airborne LiDAR bathymetry technolog -- Side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler detection technology -- Navigation and positioning technology -- Water level measurement and vertical datum conversion technology -- DTM and Seafloor mapping technology -- The delimitation of continental shelf based on seafloor graphics -- The application of submarine geomorphology -- The application of automatic recognition of seabed target -- The application of seafloor classification -- The application of research on international seabed resources.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the survey technology, post-processing technology, mapping technology and scientific application of the submarine topography and geomorphology in detail. High-resolution submarine geomorphology is a frontier branch of Marine Geology and marine surveying and mapping, which provides a direct basis to study the seabed surface, to understand the tectonic movement and submarine evolution. In the past two decades, high-resolution submarine geomorphology with high-precision multi-beam echo sounding, side-scan sonar and shallow bottom profile as the major techniques, is developing very quickly and is one of the frontiers of international marine science and technology. These high techniques promote the traditional submarine geomorphology to high-resolution and quantitative research. At present, high-resolution submarine geomorphology is widely used in the delimitation of the continental shelf and the international seabed resources survey, marine engineering and marine military applications. In order to facilitate readers to understand how to acquire and apply scientific research based on landform data, it highlights the combination of theory, technology and scientific application. This book is useful as a reference for professional and technical personnel in related fields and also as a textbook for both graduate and undergraduate students as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 400 p. 366 illus., 254 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789811597503
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Soil science. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1: Introduction -- Chapter2: Watershed climatic, physiographic and anthropogenic conditions -- Chapter3: Rainwash erosion -- Chapter4: Gully erosion -- Chapter5: Mass movements -- Chapter6: Tunnel erosion -- Chapter7: Spatial interactions of different erosion processes -- Chapter8: Watershed sediment budget -- Chapter9: Comprehensive soil conservation within the watershed -- Chapter10: Watershed modelling and its applications -- Chapter11: Conclusions.
    Abstract: This monograph is a fundamental study of watershed erosion and runoff processes. It utilizes decades of soil erosion data to take a comprehensive and balanced approach in covering various watershed erosion processes. While there are many works on soil erosion and conservation, this book fills the gaps in previously published research by focusing more on mass movement, gully erosion, soil piping/tunnel erosion, and the spatial interactions of different erosion processes. Additionally, the book examines erosion processes in extreme rainfall events, something typically absent in short-term studies but discussed in detail here as the book draws on 60 years of research and observations, including 30 years of the author's own investigations of erosion under a wide range of rainfall conditions. The book is divided into 3 parts, and is intended for soil erosion researchers and practitioners, and postgraduate students studying soil erosion and water conservation. Part 1 opens with a comprehensive and critical review of existing literature on soil erosion processes, discusses this book's place among existing literature, and examines the major erosion processes (rainwash, gully erosion, tunnel erosion, and mass movements) including their controlling factors and mechanisms. Part 2 explores the spatial interactions of these different erosion processes to provide a prerequisite for effective design of comprehensive soil erosion control measures in a watershed. Part 3 evaluates the relative significance of these erosion processes in sediment production, the effectiveness of comprehensive soil and water conservation programs, and the applications of watershed modelling in determining the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion and other ecological processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 172 p. 121 illus., 98 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030811518
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Agricultural genome mapping. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Ocean Sciences. ; Agricultural Genetics. ; Evolutionary Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Animal Distant Hybridization and Research Advance in Polyploid Organisms -- Formation of Allotetraploid Hybrids Red Crucian Carp and Common Carp -- Basic Biological Features of Allotetraplod Hybrids -- Basic Biological Characteristics of Sterile in Triploid -- Gynogenesis and Androgenesis of Gametes of Allotetraploid -- Biological Characteristics Comparison of different Polyploid fish -- Formation and Biological Characteristics of Female Red Crucian Carp × Male Megalobrama Amblycephala Hybrids -- Formation of Hybrid Lineage Female Megalobrama Amblycephala × Male Culter Alburnus and Its Biological Traits -- Formation of Hybrid Lineage Derived from Female Megalobrama amblycephala × Male Xenocypris davidi and Its Biological Traits -- Researches on Distant Hybridization of Other Fish.
    Abstract: The book introduces fish distant hybridization, which covers the basic theory and applications of fish distant hybridization as well as the main biological characteristics of different ploidy fish at the individual, tissue, cell, and molecular level. It is divided into 12 Chapters. The research progresses of animal distant hybridization and polyploids in domestic and overseas are summarized in this book. The characteristics of these hybrids and polyploid fish are also illustrated on basis of considering factors of the chromosomes numbers, phylogenetic relationship, reproduction, appearance, feeding habits, growth rate, and stress resistance. The creation of fish distant hybridization lineages will provide a clear genetic background which is helpful for the study of the strain generation as a model in genetic variation characteristics and reproductive characteristics. Fully illustrated in color, this book provides unique ideas in system description and presentation of distant hybridization and polyploidy fish. In fish genetic breeding, the tetraploid fish lineage and diploid fish lineage, formed through distant hybridization, can be used for preparing large-scale triploid and diploid fish. This book is a useful reference for researchers in fish genetic breeding, aquaculture, developmental biology, and animal evolution, and serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers engaging in zoology, evolutionary biology, and genetics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 343 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811650673
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental sciences. ; Physics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: A Brief Review of Algebra and Calculus -- Some Properties and Kinematics of Fluids -- Equations Governing the Motion of a Fluid (the Equation of Motion) -- Flow of a Homogeneous Incompressible Viscous Fluid -- Rotating, Homogeneous, Incompressible Fluids -- Shallow Water Theory -- Quasi-geostrophic Theory.
    Abstract: This textbook develops a fundamental understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics by providing a mathematical description of fluid properties, kinematics and dynamics as influenced by earth’s rotation. Its didactic value is based on elaborate treatment of basic principles, derived equations, exemplary solutions and their interpretation. Both starting graduate students and experienced scientists can closely follow the mathematical development of the basic theory applied to the flow of uniform density fluids on a rotating earth, with (1) basic physics introducing the "novel" effects of rotation for flows on planetary scales, (2) simplified dynamics of shallow water and quasi-geostrophic theories applied to a variety of steady, unsteady flows and geophysical wave motions, demonstrating the restoring effects of Coriolis acceleration, earth’s curvature (beta) and topographic steering, (3) conservation of vorticity and energy at geophysical scales, and (4) specific applications to help demonstrate the ability to create and solve new problems in this very rich field. A comprehensive review of the complex geophysical flows of the ocean and the atmosphere is closely knitted with this basic description, intended to be developed further in the second volume that addresses density stratified geophysical fluid dynamics. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 287 p. 98 illus., 94 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030169732
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Ecology Methodology. ; Geochemistry. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Biooceanography. ; Ecological Modelling. ; Geochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Earth System Science -- 2. Ecosystems, Regions, Regimes -- 3. Scientific Methods and Concepts -- 4. Systems Theory -- 5. Water Properties -- 6. Fluid Dynamics Concepts -- 7. Hydrodynamic System of Equations -- 8. Coordinate Systems -- 9. Hydrodynamic Approximations and Balances -- 10. Physical Processes and Phenomena -- 11. Waves, General -- 12. Mechanical Waves -- 13. Boundaries -- 14. Tides -- 15. Topographic Effects -- 16. Ice -- 17. Mathematical Basics -- 18. Differential Equations -- 19. Discrete Mathematics -- 20. Mathematical Concepts and Methods -- 21. Discretized Prototype Equations -- 22. Numerical Concepts and Methods -- 23. Models and Modelling -- 24. Subgridscale Parametrizations -- 25. Carbonate Chemistry -- 26. Biological, Biogeochemical and Ecological Concepts -- 27. Planktonic Organisms -- 28. Life Processes -- 29. Limited Growth -- 30. Primary Production -- 31. Species Interactions -- 32. Biospheric Modeling Concepts and Models -- 33. Aquatic Element Cycling. .
    Abstract: This encyclopedia is a reference for aquatic physical, biological and biogeochemical sciences, collecting and connecting a number of topics, concepts and facts about aquatic systems and their scientific investigation. The scope of the book comprises the aquatic physiosphere-biosphere transition zone, an entity that encompasses both inanimate matter and collectives (the physiosphere) as well as living organisms and collectives (the biosphere). This combined approach is meaningful because both realms are intimately linked and because available methods of investigation are often similar. Much can be gained from considering both spheres at and across their interface jointly, and while there is a strong focus on marine systems, most concepts presented are also applicable to freshwater systems. This presented snapshot of knowledge of the transition zone between the aquatic physiosphere and biosphere is taken from a very specific angle: the point of view of a modeler. Modeling is not only a state-of-the-art mode of scientific investigation, but also requires the explicit specification of all assumptions (helping to avoid fallacies), and offers the advantage of being quantitative and allows for theoretical "what if" scenarios. As in any reference work, equal emphasis is given to fundamental facts, the definition of terms and the explanation of concepts, in an attempt to establish a joint language for physicists, biologists and biogeochemists. Although originating from a modeler's approach to nature, the resulting suite of compatible concepts may also be useful beyond modeling purposes. Furthermore, the material is presented in a condensed, straightforward way. Hence, the length of each entry is limited to one (occasionally two) pages, thus offering a quick introductory overview. This excludes lengthy derivations and very specialized details. The book is geared towards researchers, teachers and advanced students in the field of aquatic (marine and limnic) sciences, in particular those interested or involved in interdisciplinary work. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVII, 582 p. 242 illus., 206 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030541576
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental management. ; International relations. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Environmental Management. ; International Relations.
    Description / Table of Contents: Water Resources -- The White Nile -- Background of the White Nile -- Resources of the White Nile -- Eco-Tourism in the White Nile -- Economic Development in the White Nile -- Wetlands of the White Nile -- Part II The Blue Nile -- Background of the Blue Nile -- Resources of the Blue Nile -- Eco-Tourism in the Blue Nile -- Economic Development in the Blue Nile -- Wetlands of the Blue Nile -- Meeting the Challenges -- Environmental Challenges -- Economic Challenges -- Poverty Challenges -- Management Challenges -- Past and Current Initiatives -- Meeting the Challenges.
    Abstract: This book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers. Exploiting advanced statistical techniques and the latest state-of-the-art multi-mission satellites, surface models and reanalysis products, this book provides the first comprehensive weighing of the changes in the Nile River Basin’s (NRB: ~ 3,400,000 km2 ) stored waters' compartments, surface, soil moisture and groundwater, and their association to climate variability/change and anthropogenic impacts on the one hand. On the other hand, it argues on the need for equitable use of the NRB’s waters by all 11 countries within its basin, and doing away with obsolete Nile treaties that were signed by Britain, Egypt and Sudan, which prohibit the use of the Nile by 8 upstream countries. With Ethiopia’s construction of Africa’s largest dam (GERD; Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) along the Blue Nile, which is expected to take several years to fill, the Nile is back on the news. Combined with Uganda’s Nalubaale, Kiira and Bujagali dams on the White Nile, these human-induced impacts (i.e., damming), coupled with those of climate variability/change, are expected to exacerbate tension with the low stream countries (Egypt and Sudan) fearing the cut in theNile’s total volume. Furthermore, the Nile river, arguably the world’s longest river (6800 km), impacts on the livelihood of over 300 million people of 11 countries within its basin. This population is expected to double in the next twenty-five years, thereby putting extreme pressure on its water resources. An in-depth analysis of changes in the Nile’s stored waters, therefore, is essential to inform its management and sustainable equitable use. Owing to its sheer size, however, obtaining in-situ data from “boots on the ground” is practically impossible, paving way to the space-based weighing of the Nile River Basin using a suite of high spatio-temporal remotely sensed and reanalysis products, as well as those of hydrological models. “Arguably, the Nile River is the most unique river in the world. It spans extremes of rainfall from being measured by meters to being measured by centimeters, from the humid tropics to the driest of deserts. Yet, thirsty people live throughout this basin and therefore the demands on its water resources are uneven. Knowing the water amounts throughout the entire Nile Basin is a critical step for governments and international treaties to avoid the “Tragedy of the Commons”. Africa can embrace this future through the leadership of Prof. Awange and others like him who have devoted their careers to Africa’s waters” —Doug Alsdorf, Ph.D., Professor of Geophysics at the Ohio State University. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 267 p. 92 illus., 88 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030647568
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Soil science. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Landscape and Landforms of Botswana -- The Angolan catchments of northern Botswana’s major rivers: the Cubango, Cuito, Cuando and Zambezi rivers -- The Okavango Delta Peatlands -- Landscape evolution of the Lake Ngami and Mababe Depressions within the Okavango Rift Zone, north-central Botswana -- The Makgadikgadi Basin -- Landscapes and landforms of the Chobe Enclave, Northern Botswana -- The Chobe-Zambezi channel-floodplain system: anatomy of a wetland in a dryland -- Dunes of the southern Kalahari -- Dunes of the northern Kalahari -- Kalahari Pans: Quaternary Evolution and Processes of Ephemeral Lakes -- Dry valleys (mekgacha) -- Landscape evolution of the Stampriet Transboundary Basin and relation to the groundwater system -- Calcretes, silcretes and intergrade duricrusts -- Geodiversity of Caves and Rockshelters in Botswana -- Kimberlites, kimberlite exploration, and the geomorphic evolution of Botswana -- Geomorphology and landscapes of the Limpopo River system -- Dams in Botswana: Drying times ahead -- Gorges of eastern Botswana -- Soil Development in the Eastern Hardveld -- The Tsodilo Hills: a multifaceted World Heritage Site -- Geoconservation in Botswana -- Zoogeomorphology of Botswana.
    Abstract: This volume contains 22 chapters introducing a wide range of semi-arid and geologic landscapes. Botswana, a thinly populated nation, the size of France, is a Southern African keystone country at the heart of the Kalahari, sharing some of the major sub-continental drainage basins such as the Limpopo, Zambezi, Orange, and Okavango with its neighbouring countries. The extensive Kalahari Sand surface has been sculptured by numerous past processes which have produced subtle but regional landforms consisting of extensive dunes and shorelines. Incipient rifting has created the dynamic Okavango and Makgadikgadi fan-basin systems which produces iconic wetlands with a world heritage status. Geological outcrops in particular to the east expose highly denuded basement lithologies which produces numerous inselbergs that are home to a rich archaeological heritage. The book also examines the geomorphology of mineral and water resources which sustain the economy and population and also features dedicated chapters that cover diamondiferous kimberlites, caves, pans, dams, duricrusts and wildlife. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 403 p. 261 illus., 215 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030861025
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Ecology . ; Conservation biology. ; Biogeography. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental chemistry. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Biooceanography. ; Conservation Biology. ; Biogeosciences. ; Environmental Management. ; Environmental Chemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. A General Introduction to the Concept of Blue Carbon -- Chapter 2. Carbon Dynamics in the Open Indian Ocean -- Chapter 3. Carbon Dynamics in the Estuaries and Continental Shelves of Indian Ocean -- Chapter 4. Blue Carbon Dynamics in the Indian Ocean Mangrove Ecosystems -- Chapter 5. Blue Carbon Dynamics in the Indian Ocean Seagrass Ecosystems -- Chapter 6. Blue Carbon Dynamics in the Indian Ocean Salt Marshes and Tidal Flats -- Chapter 7. An overview of the Indian Ocean coral ecosystems -- Chapter 8. Blue carbon dynamics of Australia -- Chapter 9. Threats to the blue carbon ecosystems adjoining the Indian Ocean -- Chapter 10. Blue Carbon ecosystems of the Indian Ocean: Conservation and Management.
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of various aspects of blue carbon dynamics from each country bordering the Indian Ocean. Given the importance of the topic of blue carbon, it can be assumed that in near future, more and more researchers from the Indian Ocean countries will pursue environmental research in this domain. This book is a ready reference to all those who are interested to have a holistic understanding about the ground scenario of blue carbon in the Indian Ocean. There are many research institutes situated in the periphery of the Indian Ocean that are devoted to nurturing the new avenues of marine carbon research. Researchers and scholars interested in this domain will find this book provides a good overview, wherein all the necessary information on the status and functioning of these blue carbon ecosystems are detailed in a concise way. The book is also helpful to postgraduate students of ‘marine science’ or those who have a specialization in ‘marine biogeochemistry’ or ‘chemical oceanography’ to develop a basic understanding about the very concept of ‘blue carbon’ from the perspective of the Indian Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 328 p. 41 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030965587
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Mining engineering. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Metals. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Mining and Exploration. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Metals and Alloys.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Deep-sea mining — historical perspectives -- Chapter2. Approach towards deep-sea mining — current status and future requirements -- Chapter3. Estimates of metals contained in abyssal manganese nodules and ferromanganese crusts in the global ocean -- Chapter4. Geological Characterization of Ferromanganese Crust Deposits in the NW Pacific Seamounts for Prudent Deep-sea Mining -- Chapter5. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Microanalysis of Platinum in Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Crusts -- Chapter6. A precautionary approach to developing nodule collector technology -- Chapter7. Mining and Processing of Seafloor Massive Sulfides:Experiences and Challenges -- Chapter 8. Comparative advantages of the mineral processing of deep sea polymetallic nodules over terrestrial ores -- Chapter9. Exploring the use of renewable resources for processing of deep-sea minerals -- Chapter10. Reductive Ammonia Leaching Process for Metal Recovery from Manganese Nodules: Can there be a Zero Waste Approach? -- Chapter11. Natural variability versus anthropogenic impacts on deep-sea ecosystems of importance for deep-sea mining -- Chapter12. Comprehensive understanding of seafloor disturbance and environmental impact scenarios -- Chapter13. Adaptive Management as a tool for effective environmental management of deep-sea mining -- Chapter14. Integrated environmental management of the ecological impacts from seafloor massive sulfide mining — perspectives from the Kermadec Volcanic Arc, New Zealand -- Chapter15. Analysis of different models for improving the feasibility of deep-sea mining -- Chapter16. Conceptual 3D modelling and direct block scheduling of a massive seafloor sulfide occurrence -- Chapter17. Risk assessment in deep-seabed mining -- Chapter18. An evaluation of the payment regime for deep seabed polymetallic nodule mining in the Area -- Chapter19. Sharing Financial Benefits from Deep Seabed Mining: the case for a Seabed Sustainability Fund -- Chapter20. Achieving Effective Seabed Mining Regulation and Management: A Missing Link -- Chapter21. Operational aspects of implementing regulatory frameworks to manage deep-sea mining activities -- Chapter22. Traditional and socio-ecological dimensions of seabed resource management and applicable legal frameworks in the Pacific Island States- Chapter23. Safeguarding the interests of developing states within the context of deep-sea mining in the Area.
    Abstract: This book is a sequel to ’Deep-sea mining: resource potential, technical and environmental considerations’ (2017) and ‘Environmental issues of deep-sea mining: impacts, consequences and policy perspectives’ (2019), and aims to provide a comprehensive volume on the evolution of different aspects and perspectives of deep-sea mining from specialists around the world. The work is timely, as deep-sea minerals continue to enthuse researchers involved in activities such as ascertaining their potential as alternative sources for critical metals for green energy and other industrial applications, as well as technology development for their sustainable exploration and exploitation while addressing environmental concerns. With a steady increase in the number of contractors having exclusive rights over large tracts on the seafloor in the ‘Area’, i.e. regions beyond national jurisdictions, the International Seabed Authority is mandated with the responsibility of regulating such activities, and is in the process of developing a code for exploitation of deep-sea minerals. These coupled with growing interest among private entrepreneurs, investment companies and policy makers underlines the need for updated information to be made available in one place on the subject of deep-sea mining. The book evaluates the potential and sustainability of mining for deep-sea minerals compared to other land-based deposits, the technologies needed for mining, and processing of ores, approach towards environmental monitoring and management, as well as the regulatory frameworks and legal challenges to manage deep-sea mining activities. The book is expected to serve as an important reference for all stake holders including researchers, contractors, mining companies, regulators and NGOs involved in deep-sea mining. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 689 p. 266 illus., 231 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030879822
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Geography. ; Bioclimatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Climate Change Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Urban Heat Islands and Urban Warming in Japan -- Chapter 1. Basic Features of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) -- 1.1 Observational Studies on Nighttime UHIs -- 1.1.1 Examples of UHI -- 1.1.2 Vertical Structure of UHI -- 1.2 Climatology of UHI Intensity -- 1.2.1 Indices of UHI Intensity and Urbanness -- 1.2.2 Relationship between Nighttime UHI Intensity and Climatological Factors -- 1.3 Mechanisms of UHI Formation -- Chapter 2. Climatology of Long-term Urban Warming -- 2.1 Interest in Urban Warming -- 2.2 Detection of Urban Warming in Long-term Temperature Trends in Japan -- 2.2.1 Relationship between Temperature Trends and Population Density -- 2.2.2 Dependence of Temperature Trends on Population Density: Analysis for a Centennial Time Scale -- 2.3 Dependence of Urban Warming on Weather Conditions -- Chapter 3. Sub-city Scale Temperature Distribution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Temperature around Urban Parks -- 3.3 Microscale Effects on Observed Temperature -- 3.4 Microscale Effects on Long-term Temperature Trends -- Chapter 4. Wind and Precipitation in Cities -- 4.1 Urban Wind -- 4.1.1 Urban Effects on Surface Wind Speed -- 4.1.2 Heat-island Circulation -- 4.1.3 Interaction between the Heat-island Circulation and Local Winds -- 4.2 Urban Humidity and Precipitation -- 4.2.1 Relative Humidity and Amount of Water Vapor -- 4.2.2 Urban Fog -- 4.2.3 Clouds and Precipitation in Cities -- 4.2.4 Urban Snow -- Part 2. Climatology of Heat and Cold Mortalities in Japan -- Chapter 5. Climatology of Heat Stroke Mortality in Japan -- 5.1 Basic Statistics of Heat Stroke Deaths in Japan -- 5.1.1 Outline of Heat Stroke Data -- 5.1.2 Definition of Heat Stroke Mortality Rate -- 5.1.3 Basic Statistics of Heat Stroke Mortality in Japan -- 5.2 Regional Variations of Heat Stroke Mortality Rates and Temperature -- 5.2.1 Outline of the Analysis Procedure -- 5.2.2 Spatial Patterns -- 5.2.3 Interannual Variability -- 5.2.4 Seasonal Variations -- 5.2.5 Summary and Remarks -- 5.3 Relationship between Daily Heat Stroke Mortality and Temperature -- 5.3.1 Background -- 5.3.2 Regional and Temporal Features -- 5.3.3 Summary and Remarks -- 5.4 Dependence of Municipality-wise Heat Stroke Mortality Rate on Temperature and Economic States -- 5.4.1 Background -- 5.4.2 Data and Procedure of Analysis -- 5.4.3 Results of Correlation Analysis -- 5.4.4 Summary and Remarks -- Chapter 6. Comparison of Climatology of Ambulance Transport Rates and Mortality -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Data and Analysis -- 6.3 Regional, Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Transport Rate -- 6.4 Relationship between Daily Transport Rate and Meteorological Factors -- 6.5 Summary and Remarks -- Chapter 7. Climatology of Cold Mortality in Japan -- 7.1 Background -- 7.2 Data and Analysis -- 7.3 Basic Statistics of Cold Mortality -- 7.4 Regional and Temporal Features of Cold Mortality -- 7.5 Relationship between Daily Cold Mortality and Temperature. -- 7.6 Dependence on Municipality-wise Cold Mortality on Temperature and Annual Income -- 7.7 Summary and Remarks -- Part 3. Outline of the Climate and Meteorological Observations in Japan -- Chapter 8. Outline of the Geography and Climate of Japan -- 8.1 Topography and Local Government System of Japan -- 8.2. Climatology of Summer High Temperature in Japan -- 8.2.1 Overview of the Climate of Japan -- 8.2.2 Outline of Midsummer Weather -- 8.2.3 Thermally-induced Winds and Urban Heat Island in the Kanto Plain -- Chapter 9. Availability and Homogeneity of Meteorological Data in Japan -- 9.1 Meteorological Observation Systems in Japan -- 9.1.1 JMA Observatories -- 9.1.2 Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) -- 9.1.3 Kunai Observation -- 9.1.4 Other Surface Observations -- 9.1.5 Upper-level Observation -- 9.2 Temporal Homogeneity of JMA Observation Data -- 9.2.1 Effect of Site Changes -- 9.2.2 Change in Observation Equipment -- 9.2.3 Change in Observation Time.
    Abstract: This book describes observed features of urban climate and its long-term variations as well as the relationship of climate to heat stroke in Japan, based on observational data and statistical analyses. Consisting of three parts, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals involved with these topics. Part 1 focuses on urban climate. The basic characteristics of heat islands are reviewed, and long-term urban warming is described with a focus on the distinction from global warming. The influence of microscale environmental changes on the observed temperature is also presented, as well as changes in wind and precipitation in urban areas. They deepen our understanding of the features and mechanisms of urban heat islands and their long-term changes. Part 2 describes the climatological features of heat stroke mortality, which has become a major social problem in Japan, using mortality statistics and meteorological data. The spatial and temporal variations of heat stroke mortality are analyzed quantitatively on various spatial and temporal scales. In addition, the number of ambulance transports is examined as another measure of heat stroke casualty. The results provide insight into the climatological factors related to heat stroke mortality and contribute to the implementation of preventive measures. The climatology of deaths from extreme cold is also presented. For supplementary information, an overview of the geography, climate, and meteorological data of Japan is presented in Part 3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 190 p. 112 illus., 84 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789819943869
    Series Statement: International Perspectives in Geography, AJG Library, 21
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Environment. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: The world’s mountains in the Anthropocene -- Climate change and response processes of mountain environments Introduction to Section I -- Markers of climate change: analyzing extreme temperature indices over the Himalayan mountains and adjoining Punjab plains -- Spatial variations and long-term trends of rainfall across Uttarakhand Himalaya, India -- Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in glaciers response across Western Himalaya -- Temporal variability of the Satopanth glacier facies at sub-pixel scale, Garhwal Himalaya, India -- Anticipated shifting of thermal and moisture boundary under changing climate across Nepal -- Quantifying uncertainties in climate change projection and its impact on water availability in the Thuli Bheri river basin, Nepal -- Glaciers, climate, and people: Holocene transitions in the Stubai Valley -- Environmental and socio-economic consequences of recent mountain glacier fluctuations in Norway -- Paraglacial time scale and sediment fluxes for hillslope land systems in the northern Appalachian Mountains of Eastern Canada -- Distance from retreating snowfields influences alpine plant functional traits at Glacier National Park, Montana -- Environmental drivers of species composition and tree species density of a near-natural Himalayan treeline ecotone. Implications for the response to climate change -- Modelling the ecological niche of a treeline tree species (Betula utilis) in the Himalayas - a methodological overview -- Conifer growth during warming hiatus in the Altay-Sayan Mountain Region, Siberia -- Climate-induced fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) mortality in the Siberian Mountains -- Climate change and dynamics of vegetation in the Lesser Caucasus: An overview -- Changing climate scenario in high altitude regions: Comparison of observed trends and perceptions of agro-pastoralists in Darma Valley, Uttarakhand, India -- Current crisis and future woes: The case of climate change in the Drakensberg Mountains region of southern Africa and its socio-economic impacts -- Section II: Response processes of mountain environments to land use change Introduction to Section II -- Assessment and prediction of land use/land cover changes of Beas Basin using a modelling approach -- Dynamics of land use/land cover changes in Mizoram, eastern extension of the Himalaya.
    Abstract: This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 656 p. 283 illus., 240 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030702380
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Human geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Integrated Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction -- 2 Driving Forces -- 3 Humanly-Made landforms -- 4 Rivers -- 5 The Cryosphere (Glacial and periglacial landscapes) -- 6 Coasts -- 7 Lakes -- 8 Ground Subsidence -- 9 Water Erosion and Mass Movements -- 10 Aeolian Anthropocene -- 11 Stage 3 of the Anthropocene – Stewardship. .
    Abstract: This book considers the meaning of the term, considers the value and characteristics of Google Earth, and discusses the main driving forces of landscape change. Google Earth provides a means whereby one can identify changes in the landscapes of Earth over recent decades. This has been a time of great human activity, and landscapes have been transformed as a result of such factors as land use and land-cover change, climate change, the intensive harnessing of new energy sources, population pressures, and globalization. Many geologists now believe that the whole Earth System is being changed and that there is thus a need to introduce the concept of the Anthropocene. It then looks at specific landscape types, including rivers, coasts, lakes, deserts, tundra, and glaciers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 249 p. 164 illus., 163 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031453854
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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