ALBERT

Note: Contents Recent research developments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:xi-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.01 --- A. H. F. Robertson and J. E. Dixon: Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:1-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.02 --- 1. Palaeotethys --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:75-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.03 --- A. M. C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, and O. Sungurlu: Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:77-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.04 --- Olivier Monod and Ergün Akay: Evidence for a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic orogenic event in the Taurides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:113-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.05 --- I. E. Kerey: Facies and tectonic setting of the Upper Carboniferous rocks of Northwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:123-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.06 --- E. Demirtaşh: Stratigraphic evidence of Variscan and early Alpine tectonics in Southern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:129-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.07 --- 2. Neoththys --- Levant and North African offshore: Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:147-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.08 --- M. Delaune-Mayere: Evolution of a Mesozoic passive continental margin: Baër-Bassit (NW Syria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:151-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.09 --- G. Sestini: Tectonic and sedimentary history of the NE African margin (Egypt—Libya) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:161-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.10 --- Gdaliahu Gvirtzman and Tuvia Weissbrod: The Hercynian Geanticline of Helez and the Late Palaeozoic history of the Levant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.11 --- Z. Garfunkel and B. Derin: Permian-early Mesozoic tectonism and continental margin formation in Israel and its implications for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.12 --- Yehezkeel Druckman: Evidence for Early-Middle Triassic faulting and possible rifting from the Helez Deep Borehole in the coastal plain of Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:203-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.13 --- Abdulkader M. Abed: Emergence of Wadi Mujib (Central Jordan) during Lower Cenomanian time and its regional tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:213-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.14 --- F. Hirsch: The Arabian sub-plate during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:217-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.15 --- Michel Delaloye and Jean-Jacques Wagner: Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of the Arabian plate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:225-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.16 --- 3. Neotethys: Turkey --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:235-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.17 --- A. Poisson: The extension of the Ionian trough into southwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:241-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.18 --- A. H. F. Robertson and N. H. Woodcock: The SW segment of the Antalya Complex, Turkey as a Mesozoic-Tertiary Tethyan continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:251-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.19 --- J. W. F. Waldron: Structural history of the Antalya Complex in the ‘Isparta angle’, Southwest Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.20 --- A. B. Hayward: Miocene clastic sedimentation related to the emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and the Antalya Complex, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:287-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.21 --- Hubert Whitechurch, Thierry Juteau, and Raymond Montigny: Role of the Eastern Mediterranean ophiolites (Turkey, Syria, Cyprus) in the history of the Neo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:301-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.22 --- Ingrid Reuber: Mylonitic ductile shear zones within tectonites and cumulates as evidence for an oceanic transform fault in the Antalya ophiolite, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:319-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.23 --- Pınar O. Yılmaz: Fossil and K-Ar data for the age of the Antalya complex, S W Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.24 --- L. E. Ricou, J. Marcoux, and H. Whitechurch: The Mesozoic organization of the Taurides: one or several ocean basins? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:349-359, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.25 --- A. Michard, H. Whitechurch, L. E. Ricou, R. Montigny, and E. Yazgan: Tauric subduction (Malatya-Elazıǧ provinces) and its bearing on tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:361-373, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.26 --- G. Aktaş and A. H. F. Robertson: The Maden Complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:375-402, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.27 --- Cahit Helvaci and William L. Griffin: Rb-Sr geochronology of the Bitlis Massif, Avnik (Bingöl) area, S.E. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:403-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.28 --- Ömer T. Akıncı: The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:415-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.29 --- A. I. Okay and N. Özgül: HP/LT metamorphism and the structure of the Alanya Massif, Southern Turkey: an allochthonous composite tectonic sheet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:429-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.30 --- Teoman N. Norman: The role of the Ankara Melange in the development of Anatolia (Turkey) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:441-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.31 --- Ayla Tankut: Basic and ultrabasic rocks from the Ankara Melange, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:449-454, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.32 --- A. I. Okay: Distribution and characteristics of the north-west Turkish blueschists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:455-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.33 --- N. Görür, F.Y. Oktay, İ. Seymen, and A. M. C. Şengör: Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:467-482, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.34 --- J. P. Lauer: Geodynamic evolution of Turkey and Cyprus based on palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:483-491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.35 --- 4. Neotethys: Greece and the Balkans --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:493-498, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.36 --- Robert Hall, M. G. Audley-Charles, and D. J. Carter: The significance of Crete for the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:499-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.37 --- Michel Bonneau: Correlation of the Hellenide nappes in the south-east Aegean and their tectonic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:517-527, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.38 --- M. Okrusch, P. Richter

Note: Contents Part I Arctic Climate and Greenland 1 Arctic Climate Change, Variability, and Extremes / John E. Walsh 2 Precipitation Characteristics and Changes / Hengchun Ye, Daqing Yang, Ali Behrangi, Svetlana L. Stuefer, Xicai Pan, Eva Mekis, Yonas Dibike, and John E. Walsh 3 Snow Cover - Observations, Processes, Changes, and Impacts on Northern Hydrology / Ross Brown, Philip Marsh, Stephen Déry, and Daqing Yang 4 Evaporation Processes and Changes Over the Northern Regions / Yinsheng Zhang, Ning Ma, Hotaek Park, John E. Walsh, and Ke Zhang 5 Greenland Ice Sheet and Arctic Mountain Glaciers / Sebastian H. Mernild, Glen E. Liston, and Daqing Yang Part II Hydrology and Biogeochemistry 6 Regional and Basin Streamflow Regimes and Changes: Climate Impact and Human Effect / Michael Rawlins, Daqing Yang, and Shaoqing Ge 7 Hydrologic Extremes in Arctic Rivers and Regions: Historical Variability and Future Perspectives / Rajesh R. Shrestha, Katrina E. Bennett, Daniel L. Peters, and Daqing Yang 8 Overview of Environmental Flows in Permafrost Regions / Daniel L, Peters, Donald J. Baird, Joseph Culp, Jennifer Lento, Wendy A. Monk, and Rajesh R. Shrestha 9 Yukon River Discharge Response to Seasonal Snow Cover Change / Daqing Yang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Richard Armstrong, Mary J. Brodzik, and David Robinson 10 Arctic River Water Temperatures and Thermal Regimes / Daqing Yang, Hoteak Park, Amber Peterson, and Baozhong Liu 11 Changing Biogeochemical Cycles of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Trace Elements in Arctic Rivers / Jonathan O'Donnell, Thomas Douglas, Amanda Barker, and Laodong Guo 12 Arctic Wetlands and Lakes-Dynamics and Linkages / Kathy L. Young, Laura Brown, and Yonas Dibike 13 River Ice Processes and Changes Across the Northern Regions / Daqing Yang, Hotaek Park, Terry Prowse, Alexander Shiklomanov, and Ellie McLeod Part III Permafrost and Frozen Ground 14 Permafrost Features and Talik Geometry in Hydrologic System / Kenji Yoshikawa and Douglas L. Kane 15 Ground Temperature and Active Layer Regimes and Changes / Lin Zhao, Cangwei Xie, Daqing Yang, and Tingjun Zhang 16 Permafrost Hydrology: Linkages and Feedbacks / Tetsuya Hiyama, Daqing Yang, and Douglas L. Kane 17 Permafrost Hydrogeology / Barret L. Kurylyk and Michelle A. Walvoord Part IV Ecosystem Change and Impact 18 Greenhouse Gases and Energy Fluxes at Permafrost Zone / Masahito Ueyama, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Eugénie Euskirchen, Lutz Merbold, Takeshi Ohta, Takashi Machimura, Donatella Zona, Walter C. Oechel, and Edward A. G. Schuur 19 Spring Phenology of the Boreal Ecosystems / Nicolas Delbart 20 Diagnosing Environmental Controls on Vegetation Greening and Browning Trends Over Alaska and Northwest Canada Using Complementary Satellite Observations / Youngwook Kim, John S. Kimball, Nicholas Parazoo, and Peter Kirchner 21 Boreal Forest and Forest Fires / Yongwon Kim, Hideki Kobayashi, Shin Nagai, Masahito Ueyama, Bang-Yong Lee, and Rikie Suzuki 22 Northern Ecohydrology of Interior Alaska Subarctic / Jessica M. Young-Robertson, W. Robert Bolton, and Ryan Toohey 23 Yukon River Discharge-NDVI Relationship / Weixin Xu and Daqing Yang Part V Cross-System Linkage and Integration 24 River Freshwater Flux to the Arctic Ocean / Alexander Shiklomanov, Stephen Déry, Mikhail Tretiakov, Daqing Yang, Dmitry Magritsky, Alex Georgiadi, and Wenqing Tang 25 River Heat Flux into the Arctic Ocean / Daqing Yang, Shaoqing Ge, Hotaek Park, and Richard L. Lammers 26 Cold Region Hydrologic Models and Applications / Hotaek Park, Yonas Dibike, Fengge Su, and John Xiaogang Shi 27 Regional Climate Modeling in the Northern Regions / Zhenhua Li, Yanping Li, Daqing Yang, and Rajesh R. Shrestha 28 High-Resolution Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Modeling and Projection Over Western Canada, Including Mackenzie Watershed / Yanping Li and Zhenhua Li 29 Responses of Boreal Forest Ecosystems and Permafrost to Climate Change and Disturbances: A Modeling Perspective / Shuhua Yi and Fengming Yuan 30 Future Trajectory of Arctic System Evolution / Kazuyuki Saito, John E. Walsh, Arvid Bring, Ross Brown, Alexander Shiklomanov, and Daqing Yang Correction to: Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems / Daqing Yang, and Douglas L. Kane

Note: Articles Introduction J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.01 Geological and Geochemical Studies of Northwest European Continental Shelf The role of the Department of Energy in petroleum exploration of the United Kingdom P. J. Walmsley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.02 Gas Exploration and Reserves in Europe A. Makourine https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.03 A Review of Geochemical Data Related to the Northwest European Gas Province P. C. Barnard and B. S. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.04 Surface Geochemical Exploration in the North Sea J. L. Gevirtz, B. D. Carey, and S. R. Blanco https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.05 Analytic Procedure and Results of an Isotope Geochemical Surface Survey in an Area of the British North Sea E. Faber and W. Stahl https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.06 Petroleum Offshore Sniffer Exploration J. Sigalove https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.07 Petroleum Exploration Onshore U.K. G. J. Candy https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.08 North Sea petroleum exploration T. P. Brennand https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.09 Exploration of the Norwegian Shelf Hans Rønnevik, Svein Eggen, and Jan Vollset https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.10 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Palaeocene Sands in the Northern North Sea D. C. Mudge and G. M. Bliss https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.11 Geochemistry of Porosity Enhancement and Reduction in Clastic Sediments C. D. Curtis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.12 Applications of Geochemistry to Sandstone Reservoir Studies Hilary Irwin and Andrew Hurst https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.13 Organofacies and Early Maturation Effects in Upper Jurassic Sediments From the Inner Moray Firth Basin, North Sea M. J. Pearson and D. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.14 Aspects of Burial Diagenesis, Organic Maturation and Palaeothermal History of an Area in the South Viking Graben, North Sea M. J. Pearson, D. Watkins, and J-L Pittion D. Caston and J. S. Small https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.15 Some Geological Controls on Oil Composition in the U.K. North Sea C. Cornford, J. A. Morrow, A. Turrington, J. A. Miles, and J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.16 Kerogen Types, Organic Maturation and Hydrocarbon Occurrences in the Moray Firth and South Viking Graben, North Sea Basin M. J. Fisher and Jennifer A. Miles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.17 Geochemistry of North and South Brae Areas, North Sea R. H. Reitsema https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.18 The Search for Petroleum in Northern Ireland A. E. Griffith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.19 Frontier exploration in Western and Northwest Europe D. G. Roberts https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.20 Petroleum Exploration of Europe Origins of Natural Gas in the Po Valley, N. Italy L. Mattavelli, T. Ricchiuto, and D. Grighani M. Schoell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.21 Isotope Geochemistry of Natural Gases in Central Europe M. Schoell and M. J. Whiticar https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.22 Geochemical Observations and Oil Genesis in the German Alps and their foreland K. Kuckelkorn, H. Wehner, and H. Hufnagel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.23 Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.25 Oil Potential of Coals: A Geochemical Approach B. Durand and M. Paratte https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.26 Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry in Coal Chemistry: a study of the coalification of vitrites and the typification of Australian Brown Coals P. A. Schenck, J. W. de Leeuw, and T. C. Viets J. Haverkamp https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.27 Identification of Amorphous Sedimentary Organic Matter by Transmitted Light Microscopy D. J. Batten https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.28 Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards P. M. R. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.29 Selection Criteria for the Use of Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Tool J. M. A. Buiskool Toxopeus https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.30 Use of Porphyrins as a Maturity Parameter for Oils and Sediments A. J. G. Barwise https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.31 Petroleum Geochemical Principles and Techniques Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling — Important Tools in Petroleum Exploration D. H. Welte, M. A. Yükler, M. Radke, D. Leythaeuser, U. Mann, and U. Ritter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.24 Geological Information on Hydrocarbon Exploration on the U.K. Continental Shelf Introduction G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.32 The Compilation of an Earth Science Bibliography for the North Sea and Adjacent Areas D. J. McKay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.33 Commercially Available Geological Databanks—U.K.C.S. P. Wigley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.34 Geological Information from Hydrocarbon Exploration on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf J. R. V. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.35 EXPHST—A Program to Analyse the History of Exploration Success within a Basin or Country K. J. Chew and H. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.36 The Use of Computerized Information in Britoil, Exploration Division G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.37

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is Permafrost and Where Does it Occur? 1.2 Research on Permafrost: A Shifting Focus from Ice to Carbon 1.3 The Permafrost Carbon Feedback 1.4 Setting the Stage 1.4.1 Climate in Permafrost Areas 1.4.2 Vegetation in Permafrost Areas 1.4.3 Peatlands and Wetlands 1.4.4 Soils 1.4.5 Ice Age Permafrost 1.4.6 Geomorphology 1.5 Recent and Future Climate Change 1.6 The Uncertain Future of Permafrost References 2 The Energy Balance of Permafrost Soils and Ecosystems 2.1 The Radiation Balance 2.2 Latent, Sensible and Conductive Heat Fluxes 2.2.1 Partitioning of the Radiative Flux into Turbulent and Conductive Fluxes 2.2.2 Measurement Uncertainty 2.3 Heat Balance of Vegetation Cover 2.4 Seasonality of the Surface Heat Balance Illustrated by Data 2.4.1 Summer 2.4.2 Winter Cooling 2.4.3 Changes in the Heat Balance and Climate Change 2.5 Ground Heat Flux 2.5.1 Soil Profile Scale 2.5.2 The Effect of Ground Surface Conditions on Soil Temperature and Heat Flux 2.5.3 Large Scale Approaches 2.6 Deeper Permafrost Temperature Profile and Lateral Heat Fluxes 2.7 Lakes and Other Water Bodies References 3 The Role of Ground Ice 3.1 Basic Soil Ice Characteristics 3.2 Ice Segregation and Frost Heave 3.2.1 Ice Segregation Process 3.2.2 Environmental Conditions for Ice Segregation 3.3 Cracking and Wedging 3.3.1 Processes of Ice Wedge Formation 3.3.2 Ice Wedges in the Landscape 3.4 Frost Mounds 3.4.1 Palsas and Similar Features 3.4.2 Pingos 3.5 Cryoturbation and Patterned Ground 3.6 Slope Process: Solifluction and Cryogenic Landslides 3.7 Contribution of Ice to Rock Weathering 3.8 Ice and Hydrology 3.8.1 Active Layer Hydrological Processes 3.8.2 Runoff and River Discharge 3.9 Thaw Lakes 3.9.1 Thaw Lake Formation and Geomorphology 3.9.2 Thaw Lake Disappearance 3.10 Mapping Ice Content References 4 Permafrost Carbon Quantities and Fluxes 4.1 The Ecosystem Carbon Balance 4.1.1 Terrestrial Environments 4.1.2 Lakes 4.1.3 The Greenhouse Gas Balance 4.2 Vegetation Primary Production 4.2.1 Photosynthesis and Carbon Allocation 4.2.2 Primary Production in a Cold Climate 4.3 Vegetation Composition: Effects on the Carbon Cycle 4.4 Carbon Quantity in Permafrost Soils and Frozen Deposits 4.4.1 Yedoma Deposits 4.4.2 Peat 4.4.3 Alluvial and Lake Sediments 4.4.4 Landscape-Scale Variation of the Soil Organic Carbon Stock 4.5 Soil Organic Matter Quality and Decomposition 4.5.1 Organic Matter Quality in Permafrost 4.5.2 Carbon Conservation in Permafrost 4.5.3 Decomposer Communities in Cold and Waterlogged Soils 4.5.4 Organic Matter Decomposition Reaction Rates and Their Dependence on Temperature 4.5.5 Nutrient Cycles and Nitrous Oxide 4.5.6 Ecosystem Methane Emission 4.6 Ecosystem Carbon Flux Data 4.6.1 Quantifying Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes of Permafrost Ecosystems by Surface Measurements 4.6.2 Temporal and Spatial Variability of Permafrost Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes References 5 Permafrost in Transition 5.1 Which Changes? 5.2 Diffuse Permafrost Thaw 5.2.1 Observations of Active Layer Thickness and Surface Subsidence 5.2.2 Relation of Active Layer Thickness with Climate Change 5.2.3 Carbon Cycle Effects of Active Layer and Soil Temperature Change 5.2.4 Self-Heating Effect 5.3 Permafrost Thaw and Geomorphological Change 5.3.1 Thaw Pond and Fen Development 5.3.2 Thaw Lake Expansion 5.3.3 Thaw Lake Carbon Cycle Change 5.3.4 Erosion 5.4 Hydrological Changes 5.4.1 Water Balance: Groundwater Hydrology and Permafrost Thaw 5.4.2 Water Balance: Precipitation and Evapotranspiration 5.4.3 River Discharge Changes and Flooding 5.4.4 Water Transport of Carbon and Nutrients 5.4.5 Soil Hydrology Changes – Wetting or Drying? 5.4.6 Soil Hydrology Changes – Carbon Cycle Effects References 6 Vegetation Change 6.1 Zonal Vegetation Shifts 6.1.1 Present Climate-Related Vegetation Change 6.1.2 Arctic Greening and Browning 6.1.3 Feedbacks on Climate and Soil Temperature 6.1.4 Carbon Balance Effects of Vegetation Change 6.1.5 Fire 6.2 Thawing Permafrost and Vegetation 6.2.1 Effects of Permafrost Thaw on Vegetation: Nutrient Release 6.2.2 Below-Ground Interaction of Root Systems with Nutrients and Soil Carbon 6.2.3 Abrupt Thaw and Vegetation 6.2.4 Resilience 6.3 Human Vegetation Disturbance: Industrialisation and Agriculture References 7 Methane 7.1 Deep CH4 Sources 7.2 Climate Change Related Release of Deep Permafrost CH4 7.3 Cryovolcanism: Gas Emission Craters 7.4 CH4 Emissions in Perspective: Ecosystem Emissons, CO2 and N2O References 8 Models: Forecasting the Present and Future of Permafrost 8.1 Land Surface Models 8.2 Permafrost Models 8.3 The Carbon Cycle in Models 8.4 Geomorphology: Lake Formation and Erosion in Models 8.5 Outlook References Glossary Index

Note: Contents The Impact of Microplastics on Filter-Feeding Megafauna / Maria Cristina Fossi, Matteo Baini, and Cristina Panti Microplastic Contamination of Sediment and Water Column in the Seine River Estuary / Soline Alligant, Johnny Gasperi, Aline Gangnery, Frank Maheux, Benjamin Simon, Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemille, Maria El Rakwe, Catherine Dreanno, Jérôme Cachot, and Bruno Tassin Plastic Debris in Urban Water and in Freshwater: Lessons Learned from Research Projects Launched in the Seine Basin Catchment / Johnny Gasperi, Soline Alligant, Rachid Dris, Romain Tramoy, Robin Treilles, and Bruno Tassin Insights on Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems: The EPHEMARE Project / Francesco Regoli, Marina Albentosa, Carlo Giacomo Avio, Annika Batel, Maria João Bebianno, Marie-Laure Bégout, Ricardo Beiras, Juan Bellas, Ronny Blust, Agathe Bour, Thomas Braunbeck, Jérôme Cachot, Camilla Catarci Carteny, Bettie Cormier, Xavier Cousin, Alberto Cuesta, María Ángeles Esteban, Marco Faimali, Chiara Gambardella, Francesca Garaventa, Stefania Gorbi, Lúcia Guilhermino, Ketil Hylland, Steffen H. Keiter, Kathrin Kopke, Bénédicte Morin, Alexandre Pacheco, Lucia Pittura, Raewyn M. Town, and Luis R. Vieira What Can Model Polystyrene Nanoparticles Can Teach Us on the Impact of Nanoplastics in Bivalves? Studies in Mytilus from the Molecular to the Organism Level / Manon Auguste, Teresa Balbi, Caterina Ciacci, and Laura Canesi In Vitro Effects of Mercury (Hg) on the Immune Function of Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) Are Enhanced in Presence of Microplastics in the Extracellular Medium / Concepción Martínez-Gómez, Juan Santos-Echeandía, José R. Rivera-Hernández, Ramón Ortuño, Marina Albentosa, and Víctor M. León Study of Chemical Pollutants over Marine Microplastics Based on Their Composition and Degradation Rate / Bárbara Abaroa-Pérez, Daura Vega-Moreno, and J. Joaquín Hernández-Brito Marine Litter: Are There Solutions to This Environmental Challenge? / Richard C. Thompson and Francesca De Falco Development of a Thermo Degradation Method to Assess Levels and Distribution of Microplastics in Marine Sediments and Its Application in Two Case Studies: The Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) and Boknafjord (Norway) / Alessio Gomiero, Kjell Birger Øysæd, Pierluigi Strafella, Gianna Fabi, and Giuseppe Scarcella Microplastics Extraction and Counting from Wastewater and Sludge Through Elutriation and Hydrocyclone / Rubén Rodríguez-Alegre, Javier Eduardo Sánchez-Ramírez, Laura Pastor, Silvia Doñate, Adrián Marí, Abel Lara, and Edxon Licon Microfiber Pollution from Source to Mitigation / Francesca De Falco, Emilia Di Pace, Gennaro Gentile, Roberto Avolio, Maria Emanuela Errico, Maurizio Avella, and Mariacristina Cocca Textile Fibres in Mediterranean Surface Waters: Abundance and Composition / Giuseppe Suaria, Marta Musso, Aikaterini Achtypi, Deborah Bassotto, and Stefano Aliani When Size Matters – Textile Microfibers into the Environment / Francisco Belzagui, Carmen Gutiérrez-Bouzán, Antonio Álvarez-Sánchez, and Mercedes Vilaseca Derelict Fishing Gear – Removing a Source of Microplastics from the Marine Environment / Andrea Stolte, Jochen Lamp, Gabriele Dederer, Falk Schneider, Marta Kalinowska, Sylwia Migdal, Marek Press, Vesa Tschernij, and Andreas Frössberg Biodegradable Plastics Do not Form Chemically Persistent Microplastics / Francesco Degli Innocenti Controlled Aging and Degradation of Selected Plastics in Marine Environment: 12 Months of Follow-up / Luca Fambri, Roberto Caria, Fabrizio Atzori, Riccardo Ceccato, and Denis Lorenzi Inhalable Microplastics: A New Cause for Concern? / Frank J. 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Note: Integrated Fault Seal Analysis: An Introduction / Steven R. Ogilvie, Steve J. Dee, Robert W. Wilson and Wayne R. Bailey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 1-8, 7 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2020-51 --- Fault seal behaviour in Permian Rotliegend reservoir sequences: case studies from the Dutch Southern North Sea / K. van Ojik, A. Silvius, Y. Kremer and Z. K. Shipton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 9-38, 13 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-189 --- An experimental and numerical investigation on the hydromechanical behaviour of carbonate fault zones upon reactivation: the impact of carbonate mud sealing layers and overall research outcomes / M. Nogueira Kiewiet, C. Lima, A. Giwelli, C. Delle Piane, V. Lemiale, L. Esteban, F. Falcao, M. B. Clennell, J. Dautriat, L. Kiewiet, J. Raimon, S. Kager and D. Dewhurst / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 39-73, 8 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-153 --- Fault failure modes, deformation mechanisms, dilation tendency, slip tendency, and conduits v. seals / David A. Ferrill, Kevin J. Smart and Alan P. Morris / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 75-98, 16 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2019-7 --- Fault zone architecture and its scaling laws: where does the damage zone start and stop? / A. Torabi, T. S. S. Ellingsen, M. U. Johannessen, B. Alaei, A. Rotevatn and D. Chiarella / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 99-124, 11 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-151 --- Fault fictions: systematic biases in the conceptualization of fault-zone architecture / Z. K. Shipton, J. J. Roberts, E. L. Comrie, Y. Kremer, R. J. Lunn and J. S. Caine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 125-143, 16 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-161 --- Validation and analysis procedures for juxtaposition and membrane fault seals in oil and gas exploration / Titus A. Murray, William L. Power, Anthony J. Johnson, Greg J. Christie and David R. Richards / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 145-161, 11 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-171 --- Stochastic modelling of fault gouge zones: implications for fault seal analysis / Neil T. Grant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 163-197, 24 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-135 --- Efficient handling of fault properties using the Juxtaposition Table Method / Tor Anders Knai and Guillaume Lescoffit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 199-207, 23 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-192 --- A knowledge database of hanging-wall traps that are dependent on fault-rock seal / Peter G. Bretan, Graham Yielding and Einar Sverdrup / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 209-222, 27 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-157 --- Subsurface observations of deformation bands and their impact on hydrocarbon production within the Holstein Field, Gulf of Mexico, USA / Scott J. Wilkins, Russell K. Davies and Steve J. Naruk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 223-252, 11 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-139 --- Enhancing trap and fault seal analyses by integrating observations from HR3D seismic data with well logs and conventional 3D seismic data, Texas inner shelf / Johnathon L. Osmond and Timothy A. Meckel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 253-279, 19 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-201

Note: About this title / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, NP, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.27 --- Preface / John Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, vi, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.01 --- 200 years of British hydrogeology — an introduction and overview / J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 1-13, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.02 --- The water-related work of William Smith (1769–1839) / H. S. Torrens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 15-30, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.03 --- Dr John Snow and an early investigation of groundwater contamination / Michael Price / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 31-49, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.04 --- William Whitaker (1836–1925) — geologist, bibliographer and a pioneer of British hydrogeology / William H. George / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 51-65, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.05 --- Joseph Lucas (1846–1926) — Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology / J. D. Mather, H. S. Torrens and K. J. Lucas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 67-88, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.06 --- 19th century studies of the hydrogeology of the Permo-Triassic Sandstones of the northern Cheshire Basin, England / John H. Tellam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 89-105, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.07 --- Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) — the first groundwater engineer / M. Preene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 107-119, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.08 --- ‘Making water’: the hydrogeological adventures of Britain’s early mining engineers / Paul L. Younger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 121-157, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.09 --- The contribution of geologists to the development of emergency groundwater supplies by the British army / Edward P. F. Rose / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 159-182, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.10 --- Groundwater versus surface water in Scotland and Ireland — the formative years / N. S. Robins, J. R. P. Bennett and K. T. Cullen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 183-191, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.11 --- Bath thermal waters: 400 years in the history of geochemistry and hydrogeology / W. Mike Edmunds / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 193-199, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.12 --- Chalybeate springs at Tunbridge Wells: site of a 17th-century new town / J. G. C. M. Fuller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 201-212, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.13 --- The Scottish hydropathic establishments and their use of groundwater / Iain Spence and Nick Robins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 213-217, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.14 --- British hydrogeologists in North Africa and the Middle East: an historical perspective / J. W. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 219-227, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.15 --- British hydrogeologists in West Africa — an historical evaluation of their role and contribution / Robin Hazell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 229-237, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.16 --- British attempts to develop groundwater and water supply on Gibraltar 1800–1985 /Edward P.F. Rose, John D. Mather and Manuel Perez / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 239-262, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.17 --- The first use of geophysics in borehole siting in hardrock areas of Africa / Ron Barker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 263-269, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.18 --- The development of groundwater in the UK between 1935 and 1965 — the role of the Geological Survey of Great Britain / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 271-282, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.19 --- Jack Ineson (1917–1970) The instigator of quantitative hydrogeology in Britain / R. A. Downing and D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 283-286, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.20 --- Stevenson Buchan (1907–1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator / D. A. Gray and J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 287-293, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.21 --- Groundwater studies in the Institute of Geological Sciences between 1965 and 1977 / D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 295-318, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.22 --- Norman Savage Boulton (1899–1984): civil engineer and groundwater hydrologist / R. A. Downing, W. Eastwood and K. R. Rushton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 319-322, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.23 --- Groundwater in a national water strategy, 1964–1979 / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 323-338, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.24 --- Recollections of a golden age: the groundwater schemes of Southern Water 1970–1990 / H. G. Headworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 339-362, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.25 --- Developments in UK hydrogeology since 1974 / F. C. Brassington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 363-385, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.26 ---

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Weathering Processes Lichen weathering of minerals: implications for pedogenesis M. J. Wilson D. Jones https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.01 Porewater reactions in the unsaturated zone with special reference to groundwater quality in England D. A. Spears https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.02 A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks David C. Cawsey and Paul Mellon https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.03 Kaolinites, Laterites and Bauxites Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on late Jurassic Gondwana surfaces H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.04 Kaolinitic weathering profiles in Brittany: genesis and economic importance J. Esteoule-Choux https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.05 The origin and occurrence of Devon Ball Clays A. Vincent https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.06 The Ayrshire Bauxitic Clay: an allochthonous deposit? S. K. Monro F. C. Loughnan and M. C. Walker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.07 Base metal concentrations in kaolinised and silicified lavas of the Central Burma volcanics T. R. Marshall B. J. Amos D. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.08 A low level laterite profile from Uganda and its relevance to the question of parent material influence on the chemical composition of laterites M. J. McFarlane https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.09 Palaeoenvironment of lateritic bauxites with vertical and lateral differentiation Ida Valeton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.10 Geochemistry of a nickeliferous laterite profile, Liberdade, Brazil J. Esson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.11 Red Beds Reddening of tropical coastal dune sands R. Gardner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.12 Post-depositional reddening of late Quaternary coastal dune sands, north-eastern Australia K. Pye https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.13 Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK) B. M. Besly P. Turner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.14 Duricrusts: Calcretes, Silcretes and Gypcretes Environment of silcrete formation: a comparison of examples from Australia and the Cologne Embayment, West Germany H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.15 Silcrete in Western Australia: geomorphological settings, textures, structures, and their genetic implications W. J. E. van de Graaff https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.16 Geochemistry of weathering profile silcretes, southern Cape Province, South Africa M. A. Summerfield https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.17 Pliocene channel calcrete and suspenparallel drainage in West Texas and New Mexico C. C. Reeves, Jr https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.18 Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes and gypcretes Donald Carlisle https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.19 Ancient duricrusts and related rocks in perspective: a contribution from the Old Red Sandstone John Parnell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.20 A process-response model for the formation of pedogenic calcretes Colin F. Klappa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.21 Stable isotope abundances in calcretes A. S. Talma F. Netterberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.22 A Geotechnical classification of calcretes and other pedocretes F. Netterberg J. H. Caiger https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.23 Karstic residual fluorite-baryte deposits at two localities in Derbyshire R. P. Shaw https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.24 Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform development in south-east England John A. Catt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.25