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  • 1
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    Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-06-19
    Description: Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: Upper Cenozoic calcareous and siliceous phytoplankton stratigraphy for marine sediments in central Crete, Greece ...3 ; Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: The Miocene/Pliocene boundary in NW Crete by means of calcareous nannofossil assemblages ...27 ; Dimitris Frydas: Silicoflagellates of the Late Quaternary Sapropel S5 from the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, „Meteor“-Cruise 40/4, Site 69 ...35 ; Joachim Gründel: Neritimorpha und weitere Caenogastropoda (Gastropoda) aus dem Dogger Norddeutschlands und des nordwestlichen Polens ...45 ; Rolf Kohring: Nonmarine trace fossils from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Msemrir (Central High Atlas, Morocco) ...101 ; Uwe Gloy: Bibliographie 2000 ...113 ; --- ❖ --- „Biologie und Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden: Bilanz und Ausblick“ Treffen deutschsprachiger Cephalopodenforscher vom 8. bis 9. März 2001 an der FU Berlin --- Helmut Keupp & Kerstin Warnke: Biologie und Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden: Bilanz und Ausblick ...119 ; Sigurd v. Boletzky: Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden - vom Petrefaktischen zur Frage: „Wie hat das Tier gelebt?“ ...121 ; Günter Schweigert & Gerd Dietl: Die Kieferelemente von Physodoceras (Ammonitina, Aspidoceratidae) im Nusplinger Plattenkalk (Oberjura, Schwäbische Alb) ...131 ; Christian Klug & Dieter Korn: Epizoa and post-mortem epicoles on cephalopod shells - Devonian and Carboniferous examples from Morocco ...145 ; Ute Richter: Spuren der Weichkörperverlagerung auf Pyritsteinkernen von Ammonoideen ...157 ; Kerstin Warnke, Jörg Plötner, José Ignacio Santana, Maria José Rueda & Octavio Llinas: Zur Phylogenie rezenter Cephalopoden - Erste Ergebnisse einer molekulargenetischen Analyse des 18S rRNA-Gens ...169 ; Dieter Korn & Christian Klug: Biometrie analyses of some Palaeozoic ammonoid conchs ...173 ; Gernot Arp: Fazies, Stratigraphie und Ammonitenfauna des Mittleren und Oberen Dogger bei Neumarkt i.d.Opf. (Bajocium-Oxfordium, Süddeutschland), ...189 ;
    Description: conference
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Paläobiologie ; Paläontologie
    Language: German , English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-19
    Description: The Mid and Late Holocene environment of the Eastern Juyanze and Sogo Nur basins was reconstructed on the base of ostracod assemblages, shell chemistry, sedimentology, palynology and the occurrence of other fossils such as molluscs and a large diatom species in the course of the study. Their climatic implications were discussed in the context of other Holocene records from northwestern China and Central Asia. A brief synopsis is given in the following. The period of maximum moisture availability (China’s Hypsithermal or the Atlantic period in European usage), otherwise recorded roughly between 8000 and 6000 a BP (e.g. LISTER et al. 1991, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998), was neither registered at the site of the main section in the Eastern Juyanze basin nor in the Sogo Nor basin. Sediments at the Eastem-Juyanze-section-A, which was investigated most intensively, are not older than about 5400 cal. a BP and span a period up to about 2700 cal. a BP, whereas the record of the Sogo Nur sections covers a period from about 2500 up to about 400 cal. a BP. However, the subsequent cold and dry period about 5400 a BP, which was proposed earlier from a number of sites in eastern and western China, from Mongolia, India and even America (e.g. ZHOU et al. 1991a, DOROFEYUK & TARASOV 1998, PETIT-MAIRE 1994, MoUGUiART et al. 1998), was clearly recorded as a dry period at the Eastern Juyanze basin too. This study confirms, that this cold and dry Mid Holocene spell was in fact a far-reaching, probably global event. Between about 5000 and 4100 cal. a BP, warm and humid conditions prevailed at most sites in the north of the Tibetan Plateau (e.g. WÜNNEMANN et al. 1998b), supported by high lake levels of the Lake Eastern Juyanze during that period. Simultaneously, the conditions remained rather dry on the southern Tibetan Plateau (e.g. FONTES et al. 1996), probably resulting from the weakening of the Indian monsoon. Climate deterioration occurred all over Central Asia between about 4100 and 3000 cal. a BP. Lake levels are generally regarded as decreasing during that period, soil formation around Qinghai Lake ceased and pronounced cold and dry spells were recorded at about 4100, 3800 and 3400 cal. a BP at several sites of Central Asia and by corresponding regressive events of Lake Eastern Juyanze (e.g. YAO & THOMPSON 1992, SHI et al. 1993, VAN CAMPO et al. 1996). A dramatic shift from cold and dry to warm conditions and a return to cold and dry conditions again was recorded about 3000 cal. a BP by the Dunde ice core (YAO & THOMPSON 1992) and caused rapid environmental fluctuations in the Eastern Juyanze basin. Lake Eastern Juyanze experienced three short-term episodes of desiccation between about 3200 and 2900 cal. a BP, but was re-established in between and afterwards. Glaciers of Central Asia advanced and the lakes displayed a non-uniform response (e.g. ZHOU et al. 1991a), probably due to different hydrological conditions and the presence and different response of glaciers in the respective catchment area. After 3000 cal. a BP, climate is regarded as generally colder and drier than before (LISTER et al. 1991, PETIT-MAIRE1994). However, a return to slightly warmer and more humid conditions led to rising lake levels and a new period of soil formation on the Loess Plateau between about 2700 and 2000 cal. a BP (FANG 1991, SHI et al. 1993). The sediments of the Eastem-Juyanze-section-A are not younger than about 2700 cal. a BP and have therefore not recorded environmental changes after that time, but the record of the Sogo Nur sections starts at about 2500 cal. a BP and was used to trace the Late Holocene climate evolution. Intermediate lake levels of the Sogo Nur between 2500 and 2000 cal. a BP also point to relatively humid conditions, but very low lake levels were established at about 1700 cal. a BP. This coincides with colder and drier conditions between about 2000 and 1500 cal. a BP, indicated by lake records of eastern China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Dunde ice core (e.g. FENG et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998). Another period of relatively warm and humid conditions occurred between about 1400 and 700 cal. a BP (e.g. Liu et al. 1993), interrupted by a short-term regression of the Sogo Nur at about 1000 cal. a BP. This temporary drop of the water level of Sogo Nur corresponds to a drastic cooling event. Lowest temperatures for the last 4000 years were inferred from the Dunde ice core at that time (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). A short period of relatively warm and humid conditions was recorded about 800 cal. a BP (e.g. Liu et al. 1998) and caused high lake levels of the Sogo Nur again. Colder and drier conditions predominated afterwards in eastern China as well as in the continental interior between about 400 and 75 cal. a BP (1550-1875 AD, ZHOU et al. 1991a, FENG et al. 1993) and are related to the Little Ice Age, which was recorded at sites all over the northern hemisphere (LAMB 1977). In contrast, the last 100 years are characterised by relatively warm conditions in China. The environmental fluctuations of the Mid to Late Holocene Lake Eastern Juyanze were regarded as virtually unaffected by human activities and thus, entirely driven by climate. Nonetheless, rapid lake level fluctuations were recorded which gave rise to drastic changes of the lake area due to the flat morphology of the Eastern Juyanze basin. Surprisingly, short-term desiccation events were recorded about 3000 cal. a BP at the site of the main section. However, it was not possible to assess the environmental conditions of the neighbouring topographically-closed basin lakes at that time. Late Holocene environmental fluctuations of the Sogo Nur were relatively dramatic as well. Very shallow levels were recorded at about 1700 cal. a BP and attributed to cold and dry climatic conditions, reported from other sites of Central Asia (Gu et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996). At least sub-littoral conditions of the Sogo Nur (water depth 〉 10 m) prevailed in the subsequent period between 1500 and 400 cal. a BP, but it was not possible on the base of the investigations at the Sogo Nur, to prove or deny the merging of the lakes Sogo Nur and Gaxun Nur in Holocene times. The hydrological balance of Sogo Nur was probably not affected by withdrawal of water for irrigation purposes before the Tang Dynasty (618-906 AD, CHEN et a. 1999). The short-term regressive event at about 1000 cal. a BP (950 AD) coincides with a period of increased agricultural population in the catchment area (Chen et a. 1999) as well as a climate spell of cold and dry conditions (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). Similarly, the decrease of the lake level after 700 cal. a BP (1250 AD) may either reflect the simultaneous increase of the agricultural population in the catchment area or the gradual shift towards cooler ands drier conditions during that period or both. Thus, it was not possible to distinguish between climate-driven and man-made fluctuations of the environment of the Sogo Nur.
    Description: Die Umweltverhältnisse des östlichen Juyanze- und des Sogo-Nur-Beckens im mittleren und späten Holozän wurden anhand der Ostracoden- Vergesellschaftung, des Schalen-Chemismus, anhand sedimentologischer und palynologischer Befunde und anhand des Auftretens weiterer Fossilien (z.B. von Mollusken und einer großen Diatomeen- Art) rekonstruiert. Die darüber hinaus abgeleiteten Klimaverhältnisse wurden im Vergleich zu anderen, bereits existierenden Klima-Rekonstruktionen aus NW-China und Zentralasien diskutiert. Eine kurze Zusammenfassung wird im Folgenden gegeben. Die Periode maximaler Feuchtigkeit (das chinesische Hypsithermal bzw. das Atlantikum in Europa), an anderen Lokalitäten etwa zwischen 8000 und 6000 J.v.h. belegt (u.a. LISTER et al. 1991, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998), wurde weder durch das Haupt-Profil im östlichen Juyanze-Becken noch im Sogo-Nur-Becken erfasst. Die Sedimente des am detailliertesten untersuchten Profiles (Eastern-Juyanze-section-A) decken den Zeitraum zwischen 5400 und 2700 Jahren vor heute (J.v.h. = kalibrierte 14C-Jahre vor 1950 bzw. Kalenderjahre vor 1950) ab, während die untersuchten Profile am Sogo Nur den Zeitraum von 2500 bis ca. 400 J.v.h. umfassen. Die an die Periode maximaler Feuchtigkeit anschließende, trocken-kalte Klimaphase vor etwa 5400 J.v.h., die an vielen Lokalitäten Ost- und Westchinas, der Mongolei, Indiens und selbst Amerikas abgeleitet wurde (u.a. ZHOU et al. 1991a, DOROFEYUK & TARASOV 1998, PETIT-MAIRE 1994, MOUGUIART et al. 1998), konnte als trockene Periode im östlichen Juyanze-Becken eindeutig ermittelt werden. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen stützen die Auffassung, dass diese trocken-kalte Klimaperiode im mittleren Holozän ein einschneidendes Klima-Ereignis von möglicherweise globaler Tragweite war. Für den Zeitraum zwischen etwa 5000 und 4100 J.v.h. wurden warme und humide Verhältnisse an den meisten Lokalitäten nördlich des Tibet-Plateaus rekonstruiert (z.B. WÜNNEMANN et al. 1998b). Diese Annahme wird durch die Rekonstruktion hoher Seespiegel des östlichen Juyanze-Sees für den entsprechenden Abschnitt des Holozäns gestützt. Aufgrund der vermutlich schon deutlichen Abschwächung des indischen Monsuns waren die Umweltbedingungen im südlichen Tibet während dieser Zeit relativ trocken. Eine Klimaverschlechterung wurde für Zentralasien zwischen etwa 4100 und 3000 J.v.h. festgestellt. Die Seespiegel gingen im allgemeinen zurück, die Bodenbildung am Qinghai-See setzte aus und besonders ausgeprägte, trocken-kalte Verhältnisse wurden um 4100, 3800 und 3400 J.v.h. an verschiedenen Lokalitäten Zentralasiens dokumentiert (u.a. SHI et al. 1993, YAO & THOMPSON 1992, VAN CAMPO et al. 1996), die zeitgleich mit Seespiegelabsenkungen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees auftraten. Ein dramatischer Klimawechsel von trocken-kalten zu warmen Verhältnissen und wieder zu trocken-kalten Bedingungen wurde vor etwa 3000 J.v.h. im Eis des Dunde-Gletschers aufgezeichnet (YAO & THOMPSON 1992), der erhebliche Umweltveränderungen im östlichen Juyanze-Becken auslöste. Dort erfolgte ein dreimaliges Austrocknen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees mit zwischenzeitlichem und nachfolgendem Seespiegelanstieg zwischen etwa 3200 und 2900 J.v.h. Gletschervorstöße traten in den zentralasiatischen Gebirgen auf, und die Seen dieser Region reagierten vermutlich aufgrund unterschiedlicher hydrologischer Verhältnisse, in Abhängigkeit vom Vorhandensein und der Dynamik der Gletscher in den jeweiligen Einzugsgebieten, uneinheitlich (z.B. ZHOU et al. 1991a). Ab dem Zeitpunkt 3000 J.v.h. wird das Klima im allgemeinen als kälter und trockener als zuvor aufgefasst (LiSTER et al. 1991, PETIT-MAIRE 1994). Ein Klima-Umschwung zu etwas wärmeren und feuchteren Bedingungen führte jedoch zu steigenden Seespiegeln und einsetztender Bodenbildung auf dem Löss-Plateau zwischen etwa 2700 und 2000 J.v.h. (FANG 1991, SHI et al. 1993). Da die Sedimente des Profils , Eastern-Juyanze-section-A ‘ nicht jünger als etwa 2700 J.v.h. sind, lassen sich diese Verhältnisse nicht mehr aufgrund der Befunde vom östlichen Juyanze-Becken belegen. Das Profil vom Sogo Nur setzt dagegen mit etwa 2500 J.v.h. ein, so dass im Folgenden die Ergebnisse vom Sogo Nur für die Rekonstruktion des Klimas im späten Holozän herangezogen werden. Mittlere Seespiegel des Sogo Nur wurden für den Zeitraum von 2500 bis 2000 J.v.h. rekonstruiert und deuten ebenfalls auf relativ humide Verhältnisse hin, jedoch kam es bald darauf zur Ausbildung eines sehr flachen Sees um etwa 1700 J.v.h. Diese Phase eines sehr niedrigen Seespiegels korreliert mit trocken-kalten Klimabedingungen zwischen etwa 2000 und 1500 J.v.h., die sich anhand von See-Rekonstruktionen in Ost-China, vom Tibet-Plateau und anhand des Dunde-Eiskems nachweisen ließen (u.a. FENG et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998). Eine weitere Periode relativ warmer und feuchter Verhältnisse schloss sich etwa zwischen 1400 und 700 J.v.h. an (z.B. Liu et al. 1993), die durch eine Regression des Sogo Nur um 1000 J.v.h. unterbrochen wurde. Diese zeitweilige Seespiegelabsenkung fällt mit einem drastischen Abkühlungsereignis zusammen, für das aufgrund der Untersuchungen des Dunde-Eiskems die niedrigsten Temperaturen während der letzten 4000 Jahre angenommen werden müssen (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). Eine kurze Periode warmer und humider Verhältnisse (z.B. Liu et al. 1998) führte zur Ausbildung hoher Seespiegel am Sogo Nur vor etwa 800 J.v.h. Kalte, trockene Bedingungen beherrschten Ost-China und das Landesinnere während der nachfolgenden Periode von etwa 400 und 75 J.v.h. (1550-1875 AD, ZHOU et al. 1991a, FENG et al. 1993) die der auf der gesamten Nordhalbkugel nachgewiesenen ,Kleinen Eiszeit’ entspricht (LAMB 1977). Die letzten 100 Jahre in China waren im Gegensatz dazu durch warme Verhältnisse gekennzeichnet. Die Umweltveränderungen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees im mittleren bis späten Holozän wurden ausschließlich klimatisch gesteuert, der menschliche Einfluss kann für diesen Zeitraum vernachlässigt werden. Trotzdem traten drastische Seespiegelfluktuationen auf, die im flachen östlichen Juyanze-Becken zu enormen Schwankungen der Seefläche geführt haben müssen. Erstaunlicherweise wurden an der Lokalität des Profils ,Eastern- Juyanze-section-A‘ auch Trockenfall-Perioden des östlichen Juyanze-Sees um etwa 3000 J.v.h. nachgewiesen. Im Zuge der vorliegenden Arbeiten war es jedoch nicht möglich, die Umweltbedingungen der benachbarten Seebecken des Hei Flusses zu diesem Zeitpunkt zu untersuchen. Die Umweitveränderungen des Sogo Nur im späten Holozän waren ebenfalls beträchtlich. Ein sehr flacher Seespiegel existierte vor etwa 1700 J.v.h., zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem trocken-kalte Bedingungen für Zentralasien nachgewiesen wurden (Gu et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996). Sublitorale Bedingungen (Wassertiefe 〉10 m) herrschten im gesamten nachfolgenden Zeitabschnitt von 1500 bis 400 J.v.h. vor, jedoch war es nicht möglich, anhand der vorliegenden Befunde auf den Zusammenschluss von Gaxun Nur und Sogo Nur im Holozän zu schließen bzw. diesen auszuschließen. Ein erheblicher Eingriff in das hydrologische Gleichgewicht des Sogo Nur erfolgte vermutlich erst durch die Ableitung von Wasser für Bewässerungszwecke während der Tang-Dynastie (618-906 AD, CHEN et a. 1999). Die Seespiegelabsenkung des Sogo Nur um etwa 1000 J.v.h. (950 AD) könnte demnach einerseits durch die Zunahme der agrarischen Bevölkerung im Einzugsgebiet hervorgerufen worden sein (Chen et a. 1999), andererseits jedoch auch auf die Ausbildung trocken-kalter Klimabedingungen zu diesem Zeitpunkt zurückgeführt werden (Yao & Thompson 1992). In ähnlicher Weise könnte der Rückgang des Seespiegels nach etwa 700 J.v.h. (1250 AD) auf den festgestellten Anstieg der Landwirtschaft betreibenden Bevölkerung hindeuten, in gleicher Weise jedoch auch im Zusammenhang mit der allgemeinen Klimaverschlechterung, hin zu kühleren, trockneren Bedingungen, stehen. Aufgrund des möglichen Zusammenwirkens klimatischer und anthropogener Trends war es nicht möglich, den Einfluss beider Faktoren auf die Umweltveränderungen des Sogo Nur in den vergangenen 1000 Jahren voneinander getrennt zu beurteilen.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Palökologie ; Holozän ; Paläoklima ; Ostracoda ; Stabile Isotope ; China ; Spurenelemente
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:book
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: research
    Keywords: Depth ; Time Function ; MicrobialBiomass ; Ploughed ; Grassland Typudalfs ; Lower Saxony ; Germany
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Fachbereich Geowiss., FU, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Tertiär-Block [:] Helmut Keupp & Spyridon M. Bellas (in Zusammenarbeit mit Jan Bartholdy und Dimitris Frydas): Neogene development of the sedimentary basins of NW Crete island, Chania Prefecture, South Aegean Arc System (Greece) …3 ; Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: Biostratigraphical and paleoecological research of Lower Pliocene diatoms and silicoflagellates from northwestern Crete, Greece …119 ; Wilfried Krutzsch: Stratigraphische Tabelle Oberoligozän und Neogen (marin - kontinental) ...153 ; Glenn Fechner: Eine Dinoflagellaten-Zysten-Flora aus der ehern. Ziegeleitongrube bei Welsow (nordöstl. Mark Brandenburg) ...167 ; Rolf Kohring & Thomas Schlüter: Über ein fossiles Harz aus einer Braunkohle (?Eozän) von Gibbsland und Anglesey (Victoria, S-Australien) ...177 ; Mollusken-Block [:] Joachim Gründel, Thierry Pélissié & Michel Guérin: Brackwasser-Gastropoden des mittleren Doggers von la Balme (Causses du Quercy, Südfrankreich) ...185 ; Joachim Gründel: Archaeogastropoda aus dem Dogger Norddeutschlands und des nordwestlichen Polens ...205 ; Joachim Gründel: Gordenellidae n. fam., eine neue Gastropoden-Familie aus dem Dogger und Malm Europas ...255 ; Steffen Kiel & Klaus Bandel: New slit-bearing Archaeogastropoda from the Late Cretaceous of Spain ...269 ; Helmut Keupp: Anomale Muskelleisten bei Ammoniten ...279 ; Thomas Küchler: Nostoceras (Euskadiceras) euskadiense a new ammonite subgenus and species from the higher Upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of northern Spain ...291 ; []
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Paläobiologie ; Paläontologie
    Language: German , English
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: conference
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Past vegetation, fire, and climate dynamics, as well as human impact, have been reconstructed for the first time in the highlands of the Gilan province in the Alborz mountains (above the Hyrcanian forest) for the last 4,300 cal yrs bp. Multi-proxy analysis, including pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, and geochemical analysis, has been applied to investigate the environmental changes at 2,280 m a.s.l., above the Hyrcanian forest. Dominant steppe vegetation occurred in the study area throughout the recorded period. The formation of the studied mire deposits, as well as vegetation composition, suggest a change to wetter climatic conditions after 4,300 until 1,700 cal yrs bp. Fires were frequent, which may imply long-lasting anthropogenic activities in the area. Less vegetation cover with a marked decrease of the Moisture Index (MI) suggests drier conditions between 1,700 and 1,000 cal yrs bp. A high proportion of Cichorioideae and Amaranthaceae, as well as the reduction of trees, in particular Fagus and Quercus, at lower elevations, indicate human activities such as intense livestock grazing and deforestation. Soil erosion as the result of less vegetation due to dry conditions and/or human activities can be reconstructed from a marked increase of Glomus spores and high values of K and Ti. Since 1,000 cal yrs bp, the increasing MI, as well as the rise of Poaceae and Cyperaceae together with forest recovery, suggest a change to wetter conditions. The occurrence of still frequent Cichorioideae and Plantago lanceolata along with Sordaria reflect continued intense grazing of livestock by humans.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Keywords: ddc:561 ; Late Holocene ; Northern Iran ; Multi-proxy studies ; Hyrcanian mountain vegetation ; Climate change ; Human impact
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a central component of the atmospheric general circulation, but remarkably little is known about the dynamical and thermodynamical structure of the convergence zone itself. This is true even for the structure of the low‐level convergence that gives the ITCZ its name. Following on from the major international field campaigns in the 1960s and 1970s, we performed extensive atmospheric profiling of the Atlantic ITCZ during a ship‐based measurement campaign aboard the research vessel 〈italic toggle="no"〉SONNE〈/italic〉 in summer 2021. Combining data collected during our north–south crossing of the ITCZ with reanalysis data shows the ITCZ to be a meridionally extended region of intense precipitation, with enhanced surface convergence at its edges rather than in the center. Based on the location of these edges, we construct a composite view of the structure of the Atlantic ITCZ. The ITCZ, far from being simply a region of enhanced deep convection, has a rich inner life, that is, a rich dynamical and thermodynamic structure that changes throughout the course of the year, and has a northern edge that differs systematically from the southern edge.〈/p〉
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme CONSTRAIN http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7051674
    Description: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; ITCZ ; Atlantic ; convergence ; observations ; reanalysis
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Mass transfer across the crust‐mantle boundary is a fundamental process governing planetary differentiation, the evolution of geochemical reservoirs and ore formation, controlled by physicochemical conditions at the crust‐mantle interface. In situ trace‐element, clinopyroxene 〈sup〉87〈/sup〉Sr/〈sup〉86〈/sup〉Sr and garnet Fe〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉/ΣFe of kimberlite‐borne eclogite xenoliths from the deep (∼50 km) crust‐mantle transition below the ca. 1.2–1.0 Ga Namaqua‐Natal Fold Belt (southwestern Kaapvaal craton margin) were determined to elucidate their origin and evolution, and to constrain the oxygen fugacity of this pivotal but largely inaccessible environment. Based on a garnet source signature (NMORB‐normalized Er/Lu > 1) in pristine “gabbroic” eclogites with pronounced positive Eu, Sr, and Pb anomalies, the suite is interpreted as originating as plagioclase‐rich cumulates in oceanic crust from melts generated beneath mature oceanic lithosphere, subsequently subducted during the Namaqua‐Natal orogeny. Enriched eclogites have higher measured 〈sup〉87〈/sup〉Sr/〈sup〉86〈/sup〉Sr in clinopyroxene (up to 0.7054) than gabbroic ones (up to 0.7036), and show increasing bulk‐rock Li, Be and Pb abundances with increasing δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O in clinopyroxene, and muted Eu‐Sr‐Pb anomalies. These systematics suggest interaction with a siliceous fluid sourced from seawater‐altered oceanic sediment in a subduction mélange setting. Garnet Fe〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉/ΣFe in deep crustal eclogites is extremely low (0.01–0.04, ±0.01 1〈italic〉σ〈/italic〉), as inherited from the plagioclase‐rich cumulate protolith, and owing to preferred partitioning into clinopyroxene at low temperatures (∼815–1000°C). Average maximum oxygen fugacities (∆logƒO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(FMQ) = −3.1 ± 1.0 to −0.5 ± 0.7 relative to the Fayalite‐Magnetite‐Quartz buffer) are higher than in deeper‐seated on‐craton eclogite xenoliths, but mostly below sulfate stability, limiting the role of S〈sup〉6+〈/sup〉 species in oxidizing the mantle wedge.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones represent the main interface between Earth's surface and its deep interior. Metamorphic reactions during subduction cause fluid or melt loss from seawater‐altered oceanic crust and sediment, which enriches the overlying mantle, and possibly oxidizes it. This would explain why the mantle sources of subduction zone magmas appear to be more oxidized than in other tectonic settings. However, the details of the mass transfer in this deep environment are difficult to constrain because it is inaccessible. Using rare deep‐seated magmas (kimberlites) as probes of a ca. 1.2 billion year old southern African subduction zone, we investigated eclogite fragments that originated as subducted oceanic crust and were much later plucked from the wallrocks by the ascending magma. These eclogites show elemental and isotopic signatures of interaction with subducted sediments, pointing to mingling processes similar to those observed in modern subduction zones. We also estimated their oxygen fugacity, a measure of the chemical potential of oxygen. We find that sulfur, which has been implicated in mantle oxidation, would have only been stable in these rocks in its reduced form, making even seawater‐altered eclogites sinks rather than sources of oxygen, with implications for the transfer of sulfur‐loving metals across the mantle‐to‐crust‐boundary.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Eclogite xenoliths sampling deep crust‐mantle transition below Namaqua‐Natal Fold Belt have plagioclase‐rich oceanic protoliths〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Enriched xenoliths show signatures of interaction with siliceous, subducted sediment‐derived fluids under shallow fore‐arc conditions〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Fe〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉‐based eclogite oxybarometry with oxygen fugacities below sulfate stability limits the role of S〈sup〉6+〈/sup〉 species in mantle wedge oxidation〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: https://doi.org/10.60520/IEDA/113077
    Keywords: ddc:552.4 ; kimberlite‐borne eclogite xenoliths ; crust‐mantle transition ; subduction zone processes ; redox budget ; metallogeny ; mantle wedge oxidation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The interaction of the northern Nazca and southwestern Caribbean oceanic plates with northwestern South America (NWSA) and the collision of the Panama‐Choco arc (PCA) have significant implications on the evolution of the northern Andes. Based on a quantitative kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean and Farallon/Farallon‐derived plates, we reconstructed the subducting geometries beneath NWSA and the PCA accretion to the continent. The persistent northeastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to NWSA in Cenozoic time caused the continuous northward advance of the Farallon‐Caribbean plate boundary, which in turn resulted in its progressive concave trench bending against NWSA. The increasing complexity during the Paleogene included the onset of Caribbean shallow subduction, the PCA approaching the continent, and the forced shallow Farallon subduction that ended in the fragmentation of the Farallon Plate into the Nazca and Cocos plates and the Coiba and Malpelo microplates by the late Oligocene. The convergence tectonics after late Oligocene comprised the accretional process of the PCA to NWSA, which evolved from subduction erosion of the forearc to collisional tectonics by the middle Miocene, as well as changes of convergence angle and slab dip of the Farallon‐derived plates, and the attachment of the Coiba and Malpelo microplates to the Nazca plate around 9 Ma, resulting in a change of convergence directions. During the Pliocene, the Nazca slab broke at 5.5°N, shaping the modern configuration. Overall, the proposed reconstruction is supported by geophysical data and is well correlated with the magmatic and deformation history of the northern Andes.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The tectonic reconstruction in convergent triple junctions is a particularly challenging task as the relative motion between plates could define highly changing boundaries. Indeed, the resulting interaction between these convergent plates may induce important changes in the disposition of the trenches, and in turn in the three‐dimensional geometry of the subducting plates. Therefore, these highly dynamic conditions throughout geological time may be accommodated by different phases of plate fragmentation and reorganization. These factors could explain the complex spatial‐temporal distribution of subduction‐related magmatism and the different episodes of deformation in the upper plates. This reasoning is validated in the northwestern corner of South America (SA), where the continent has been converging against the Caribbean and Farallon‐derived oceanic plates since Cretaceous time. Additionally, we study the effects of the collision and accretion of the Panama‐Choco arc with SA. To accomplish that, we review the kinematic history of the Farallon/Nazca and Caribbean oceanic plates relative to stable Guiana Craton (SA) and integrate these results with the magmatic and deformation evolution of the northern Andes, which allow us to propose a model of the geometrical evolution of the subducting slabs. The obtained model is additionally constrained by seismological data and published velocity anomalies.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The tectonics of convergent triple junctions is complicated by the relative plate motion and interaction of the involved plates〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉We propose a model for the kinematic and geometric evolution of the Farallon/Nazca and Caribbean plates throughout the Cenozoic〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The interaction between the Caribbean, Nazca and South American plates is closely related to the deformation history in the Northern Andes〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Helmholtz‐Zentrum Potsdam‐Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010956
    Description: Ecopetrol
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7411340
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129751
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; plate kinematics ; convergent margins ; slab geometry ; Northern Andean deformation episodes
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Deep‐ploughing far beyond the common depth of 30 cm was used more than 50 years ago in Northern Germany with the aim to break root‐restricting layers and thereby improve access to subsoil water and nutrient resources. We hypothesized that effects of this earlier intervention on soil properties and yields prevailed after 50 years. Hence, we sampled two sandy soils and one silty soil (Cambisols and a Luvisol) of which half of the field had been deep‐ploughed 50 years ago (soils then re‐classified as Treposols). The adjacent other half was not deep‐ploughed and thus served as the control. At all the three sites, both deep‐ploughed and control parts were then conventionally managed over the last 50 years. We assessed yields during the dry year 2019 and additionally in 2020, and rooting intensity at the year of sampling (2019), as well as changes in soil structure, carbon and nutrient stocks in that year. We found that deep‐ploughing improved yields in the dry spell of 2019 at the sandy sites, which was supported by a more general pattern of higher NDVI indices in deep‐ploughed parts for the period from 2016 to 2021 across varying weather conditions. Subsoil stocks of soil organic carbon and total plant‐available phosphorus were enhanced by 21%–199% in the different sites. Root biomass in the subsoil was reduced due to deep‐ploughing at the silty site and was increased or unaffected at the sandy sites. Overall, the effects of deep‐ploughing were site‐specific, with reduced bulk density in the buried topsoil stripes in the subsoil of the sandy sites, but with elevated subsoil density in the silty site. Hence, even 50 years after deep‐ploughing, changes in soil properties are still detectable, although effect size differed among sites.〈/p〉
    Description: BonaRes http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100022576
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; aggregates ; carbon sequestration ; deep‐ploughing ; macronutrients ; subsoil ; Treposol
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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