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  • Articles  (112)
  • Open Access-Papers  (112)
  • INGV  (69)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (42)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2020-2024  (112)
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  • Articles  (112)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: The Parkfield transitional segment of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) is characterized by the production of frequent quasi-periodical M6 events that break the very same asperity. The last Parkfield mainshock occurred on 28 September 2004, 38 years after the 1966 earthquake, and after the segment showed a ∼22 years average recurrence time. The main reason for the much longer interevent period between the last two earthquakes is thought to be the reduction of the Coulomb stress from the M6.5 Coalinga earthquake of 2 May 1983, and the M6 Nuñez events of June 11th and 22 July 1983. Plausibly, the transitional segment of the SAF at Parkfield is now in the late part of its seismic cycle and current observations may all be relative to a state of stress close to criticality. However, the behavior of the attenuation parameter in the last few years seems substantially different from the one that characterized the years prior to the 2004 mainshock. A few questions arise: (i) Does a detectable preparation phase for the Parkfield mainshocks exist, and is it the same for all events? (ii) How dynamically/kinematically similar are the quasi-periodic occurrences of the Parkfield mainshocks? (iii) Are some dynamic/kinematic characteristics of the next mainshock predictable from the analysis of current data? (e.g., do we expect the epicenter of the next failure to be co-located to that of 2004?) (iv) Should we expect the duration of the current interseismic period to be close to the 22-year “undisturbed” average value? We respond to the questions listed above by analyzing the non-geometric attenuation of direct S-waves along the transitional segment of the SAF at Parkfield, in the close vicinity of the fault plane, between January 2001 and November 2023. Of particular interest is the preparatory behavior of the attenuation parameter as the 2004 mainshock approached, on both sides of the SAF. We also show that the non-volcanic tremor activity modulates the seismic attenuation in the area, and possibly the seismicity along the Parkfield fault segment, including the occurrence of the mainshocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1349425
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic attenuation ; non-volcanic tremor ; earthquake forecast ; San Andreas Fault ; critical stress ; earthquake cycle
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Description: This work is based on a systematic comparison between two datasets related to density data of geological formations crossed in 13 deep wells. The wells are located in the Adriatic area and reach depths of over 5000 meters. The main lithologies involved include sandstones, marls, clays, evaporite, and carbonate rocks. The first dataset concerns density values obtained from the analysis of sonic logs recorded along the wells, by applying the Gardner relation. The second dataset, on the other hand, refers to actually acquired density log measurements. Differences among the values in the two datasets have been calculated. The aim behind this work is to assess the reliability of rock densities estimated using the Gardner equation by comparing them to measurements obtained through density logs, despite many factors influencing the log density. This comparison of the densities obtained from various lithologies and geological formations leads us to draw, in this region, some initial considerations regarding the applicability and accuracy of Gardner formula, usually considered as standard reference, since the density log is generally available only within the reservoir. In the area we analyzed it is observed that the density values estimated from sonic velocities are underestimated for the Plio-Quaternary formations characterized by clayey-sandy lithologies by at least 0.1 g/cm3; whereas, densities of the carbonate sequences are overestimated by the same extent. Noteworthy, the density estimates deviate from the real values especially for gypsum units, overestimating by a factor of approximately 0.3 g/cm3. The results we obtained emphasize differences in density values when using the Gardner formula and suggest the need for taking into account the possible errors in the specific geological context or instead lithologies, such as those explored in this study.
    Description: Published
    Description: GT212
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: density ; sonic log ; deep well ; Adriatic Sea ; Italy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This paper is intended as a short presentation of the main limitations affecting seismic hazard assessment, revisiting possible methods available in the literature to be applied for this purpose. The convergence of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate is the cause of the high seismic activity characterizing the Mediterranean region, with particular intensity in its eastern part. It is clear that the associated seismic risk requires appropriate measures for its mitigation. Seismic risk, the amount of resources that the community is expected to pay to earthquakes in the long term, is the product of three factors, such as seismic hazard, vulnerability and value of the exposed goods. As earthquakes cannot be prevented, seismic risk can be mitigated by improving our knowledge of seismic hazard, which is largely based on statistical analysis of historical earthquake catalogs. Nevertheless, historical records are affected by problems of reliability, completeness and shortness, as they commonly span time lengths of the same order of magnitude or even shorter than the inter-event time of the strongest earthquakes produced by specific seismic sources. In this respect, alternative methods can be proposed for integrating and improving our knowledge of seismogenic processes, and estimating both time-independent and time-dependent occurrence rates of strong earthquakes. We propose the application of physics-based earthquake simulators, requiring the knowledge of a robust geological-geophysical seismogenic model.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Hazard Assessment ; Statistical analysis; ; Historical earthquake catalogs ; Earthquake simulators ; Mediterranean region ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The present work is part of a research program financed by INGV in order to look for traces of earthquakes occurred in the past on historical buildings. At that aim, a method based on remote sensing techniques was proposed and applied to San Giorgio parish church in Argenta (Ferrara, Italy). That church was chosen because of notable availability of historical and archaeological material, already catalogued in the past years, allowing the identification of structures belonging to periods before and after the 1624 earthquake. Data provided by terrestrial remote sensing techniques (digital photogrammetry supported by laser scanning) made possible the recognition of patterns that could be due to that strong seismic event or, in general, to one or more calamitous events. The results show that the proposed method can provide potentially useful data to help confirming or excluding historical hypotheses or helping to fill information gaps. However, it should be stressed that the proposed approach does not enable the identification of unknown seismic events, providing instead data that can be associated with already known events.
    Description: INGV RIcerca Libera RESCUE (2021)
    Description: Published
    Description: SE109
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Il terremoto del 24 aprile 1901, noto come “di Palombara Sabina”, è l’evento più importante (Mw 5.2, I0 8 MCS) localizzato nella Provincia di Roma secondo il catalogo CPTI15. Tuttavia, la base di dati macrosismici, a partire dai quali sono stati calcolati i parametri del catalogo, è piuttosto ridotta. Il presente lavoro ha migliorato la qualità delle conoscenze su questo terremoto attraverso una revisione critica di tutte le fonti citate dai precedenti studi e una ricerca di ulteriori documenti utili per ricostruirne l’effettivo impatto sul territorio. I risultati dello studio hanno portato ad un drastico ridimensionamento delle intensità assegnate alle località colpite dal terremoto e conseguentemente della sua magnitudo macrosismica. Nel corso del lavoro sono inoltre state raccolte nuove informazioni sul modesto terremoto della Sabina del 1890 brevemente descritto in Appendice.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: sismologia storica ; Palombara Sabina ; 1901
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: In this paper we present a case study where the Random Forest (RF) Classifier, has been used to estimate the damage to buildings caused by a (possible) future earthquake, starting from the data of past earthquakes. This prelaminar work is based on the Shakedado dataset, which contains information on buildings and ground shaking parameters for the six major earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 1981 and 2012. We perform the following two conceptual experiments E1: Assume that the sequence that hit Emilia has just ended and the data relating to the other major earthquakes happened in the past (L’Aquila, Pollino, and Irpinia) are available, then calculate the level of damage for each building in the Emila dataset. E2: Assume that the sequence that hit Pollino has just ended and the data relating to the other major earthquakes happened in the past (L’Aquila, Emilia) are available, then calculate the level of damage for each building in the Pollino dataset. Both training and test datasets contain only masonry buildings located within 10 km of the main shock of each sequence. The results show the RF algorithm’s ability to discriminate between buildings with light/no damage from those with medium/severe damage, with a good accuracy, especially for E1.
    Description: Published
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 05.05. Mathematical geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The “Giornata ONT 2023” arises from the will to let know within INGV how many activities do people from the Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti (ONT), and how strong is their contribution to the INGV missions: Research, Services, Education, Communication. In the nearly seven years of the current management the ONT has experienced a continuous evolutionary, sometimes complex, path. But it is always a straight path to pursue the objective of a continuous growth of the ONT. During these years the ONT has changed its name (from Centro Nazionale Terremoti – CNT, to ONT); it has experienced the coming out of some employees that moved to create the Irpinia new Section; it has lived the novelty of incoming people (example from the Centro Allerta Tsunami). It has also faced the need to overcome the limitations due to the worldwide pandemic emergency COVID19, either for the h24 services or for the research activities. Therefore in 2020 and 2021 we have only remotely attended the ONT days. The drive to be “in presenza” comes from this latter issue. We strongly want to meet, to talk face to face, to “Welcome” the young colleagues who are the injection of new ideas and perspectives, that are the necessary fuel to evolve the knowledge. As a matter of fact it emerges from the DNA of the ONT, i.e. the inclusiveness and the multidisciplinarity. This latter is widely testified by the ONT activities that are shared among the three Departments and their strategic objectives. The agenda of the “Giornata ONT 2023” has specifically emphasized the variety of the technical and scientific contents, that for sake of simplicity have been collected in the following themes: • Infrastructures, Data­Sharing and Laboratories • Analysis, Modelling, Interpretation of Geophysical Phenomena • National and International Projects (Research Results and Products from Completed Projects; Ongoing Projects) • Society ­ Communication, Dissemination, Emergency Management • Seismic Surveillance And Tsunami Warning Overall, the contributions have been 100, most of which are posters (77) and the remaining (23) in different exhibit formats. The wide interest about the proposed contents and the positive feedback from the attendance, pushed the decision to collect and publish the contributions in a Miscellanea INGV, where the documents can be easily found. And we are finally ready to make the Miscellanea available to the reader. I would warmly thank the Authors for their enthusiastic acceptance to contribute, the Conveners of the “Giornata ONT 2023” Sessions for their availability to organise and manage the submitted poster/exhibits, the Editorial Board members for their hidden work that led to this Miscellanea. In conclusion, let me spend a few words about my personal journey as Director of the ONT. After 2504 days it has come to an end and the “Giornata ONT 2023” and the Miscellanea are, somehow, the cherry on top. It is really difficult to say “Thanks” one by one to the people who helped me along this complex and long path. So, please, let me simply say Grazie a tutti voi! Salvatore Stramondo - Director ONT (2017-2023)
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-206
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti ; GIORNATA ONT 2023 ; Research scientific and service ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; ; Research scientific and
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: The near-Earth electromagnetic environment represents a far-from-equilibrium system characterized by sudden irregular energy relaxation events. For a broad class of complex systems, time series can be interpreted in terms of a superposition of stochastic and deterministic components occurring at different time scales. In this work we use the generalization of the SYM-H index provided by the SuperMAG collaboration (SMR), which is meant for monitoring the global variation of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field in the near-equatorial regions. The aim of this work is to model the SMR dynamics via stochastic differential equations thus providing a semi-empirical model whose parameters are retained from data. As a first step we test the Markov condition on the SMR data sample, which represents the basic condition for our stochastic modeling, and we show that such a requirement is accurately satisfied by SMR time series. This allows us to infer the model parameters for the SMR index through the Kramers–Moyal analysis. Finally, we give evidence that a purely diffusive process is not representative of the observed dynamics and then a model based on jump-diffusion processes must be considered to correctly reproduce the dynamical features of the SMR index.
    Description: Published
    Description: GM325
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: Nel mese di maggio 2022 è iniziato uno sciame sismico, di breve durata, che ha interessato una piccola area del Chianti fiorentino a circa 15 km a sud dalla città di Firenze. I due terremoti più energetici hanno avuto una magnitudo momento pari a 3.7; nonostante la magnitudo modesta, tali eventi sono stati avvertiti distintamente fino a distanze di diverse decine di chilometri, e hanno destato preoccupazione nella popolazione prossima all’area epicentrale. Inoltre, dato l’ingente patrimonio artistico presente nel capoluogo toscano, questo episodio ha sollevato interrogativi sulla sua vulnerabilità anche a scuotimenti del suolo di piccola entità. Al fine di migliorare le conoscenze sulla ubicazione e le dimensioni delle strutture sismogenetiche attive in prossimità di Firenze, l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) è intervenuto nell’area interessata dallo sciame attraverso il Gruppo Operativo (GO) di emergenza SISMIKO. Il 4 maggio, giorno successivo all’inizio dello sciame, cinque stazioni sismiche mobili sono state installate a distanza ravvicinata dall’area epicentrale, e integrate nel sistema di monitoraggio permanente INGV. Questo lavoro descrive le procedure relative a: (i) l’installazione, la manutenzione e la disinstallazione della rete sismica mobile; (ii) la gestione e il controllo di qualità dei dati acquisiti. Infine, vengono presentate, in riferimento al contesto sismotettonico dell’area, le caratteristiche spaziali e l’evoluzione temporale dello sciame, che ha presentato una piccola ripresa nell’attività sismica ad agosto del 2022, con un terremoto di magnitudo locale 2.7 e successive repliche.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-26
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sciame sismico ; Reti sismiche di pronto intervento ; Chianti fiorentino ; Seismic swarm ; Rapid response seismic networks ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: The latest version of the CPTI15 seismic catalogue (January 2022) includes more than two hundred earthquakes marked AMGNDT95. Their parameters are derived from expeditious studies produced as part of the GNDT/CNR ‘Hazard Project’ (1993-1995). Some of them simply parameterise data taken from bibliographic references in the PFG85 catalogue, i.e., mostly Mario Baratta’s seismological compilation “I terremoti d’Italia” [1901] or twentieth-century seismological bulletins. Others go back as far as the original sources of the references themselves. As part of the B2 Convention between INGV and DPC (2016-2021), a review of these earthquakes was initiated, starting with the most relevant ones, for which a good margin of improvement in knowledge can be assumed. At the same time, first-level research was also begun on a dozen or so earthquakes of low energy, but still above the damage threshold, which for various reasons had never been studied so far and whose parameters in the CPTI15 are still those of the POS85 catalogue. We present here the results of the study of about thirty earthquakes belonging to both categories. The overall result is generally a strong improvement of the available information, from which it will be possible to derive epicentral parameters more up-to-date and more robust than the previous ones.
    Description: Questo lavoro è stato realizzato nell’ambito della Convenzione fra INGV e Dipartimento nazionale della Protezione Civile, Allegato B2.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-260
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Italy ; Historical Earthquakes ; Italian parametric earthquake catalogue ; Historical seismology ; Terremoti storici ; Banca dati macrosismica ; Catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani ; Macroseismic Database ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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