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  • Articles  (12)
  • Open Access-Papers  (12)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (4)
  • Geological Culture  (4)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • BioMed Central
  • 2020-2023
  • 2010-2014  (12)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1945-1949
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • Open Access-Papers  (12)
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  • 1
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    A GIS-based application to volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: the 122 BC Etna eruption case study (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work we show the use of a geo-spatial information system (GIS) for the volume estimation of fallout deposits and for the identification of syn- and post-eruptive depositional mechanisms. For the first time, we present thickness distribution maps, isopachs maps and fallout deposit volume for the single stratigraphic units (A-F) of the 122 BC Plinian eruption of Etna, the most powerful eruption of this volcano in historical times. Thickness data collected during the field survey were organised in a geo-referenced database and several interpolation algorithms were used to calculate the volumes of the six fallout layers of eruption (units A-F). Results have been compared with those obtained using the Pyle’s method that bases volume calculation on the exponential thickness-decay law of the deposits. Differences in 20 results of the two methods have been analyzed applying 2 and 3D geo-statistical analysis to thickness data and an “ideal” fallout deposit has been used as a reference. Our approach allowed both the identification of stratigraphic sections which deposits were affected by secondary erosional or accumulation phenomena, and the assessment of whether the secondary processes were caused by local morphologic conditions or variation in eruptive dynamics (e.g. rotation of the dispersal axis direction).
    Description: Published
    Description: R0105
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS) ; Plinian eruption ; Pyroclastic deposits ; Volume estimation ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 173-177
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Foreword and Acknowledgements (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This is the first volume of an international scientific journal that is dedicated to issues of geoethics and geological culture. Its goal is to inform the Italian and international scientific communities about what emerged at the GeoItalia 2011 conference, attended by not only Italian geoscientists. At this conference, the geoscientists questioned their role in society and the responsibilities that they have to assume as scholars of the planet Earth and experts of the territory. They highlighted the need for rediscovery of the cultural values of geology as a science that can contribute to the construction of correct social knowledge, and the need to be aware that geoethics cannot exist without a real awareness among geoscientists of the cultural value of the Earth sciences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 331
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geoetica ; Geological Culture ; Earth Sciences ; Philosophy ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Ethical and cultural value of the Earth sciences. Interview with Prof. Giulio Giorello (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prof. Giulio Giorello is amongst the most prominent philosophers of science in Italy and in the world. He is currently Professor of the Philosophy of Science at the University of Milan, Director of the Series ‘Science and Ideas’ (Raffaele Cortina Books Editor), and Literary Journalist of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera, one of the most important of the Italian newspapers. In this keynote presentation, in interview form, he talks about the value that the Earth sciences have had through history, framing this group of disciplines in ethical and epistemological terms, and highlighting some important elements that have to be considered in geological activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343-346
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Giulio Giorello ; Earth Sciences ; Interview ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Defining high-detail hazard maps by a cellular automata approach: application to Mount Etna (Italy) (2011)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The individuation of areas that are more likely to be affected by new events in volcanic regions is of fundamental relevance for the mitigation of the possible consequences, both in terms of loss of human life and material properties. Here, we describe a methodology for defining flexible high-detail lava-hazard maps and a technique for the validation of the results obtained. The methodology relies on: (i) an accurate analysis of the past behavior of the volcano; (ii) a new version of the SCIARA model for lava-flow simulation (based on the macroscopic cellular automata paradigm); and (iii) high-performance parallel computing for increasing computational efficiency. The new release of the SCIARA model introduces a Bingham-like rheology as part of the minimization algorithm of the differences for the determination of outflows from a generic cell, and an improved approach to lava cooling. The method is here applied to Mount Etna, the most active volcano in Europe, and applications to landuse planning and hazard mitigation are presented.
    Description: This study was sponsored by the Italian National Civil Defence Department and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), project V3_6/09 "V3_6 – Etna".
    Description: Published
    Description: 568-578
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic risk ; cellular automata ; Algorithms and implementation ; Statistical analysis ; Data processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Social aspects of the Earth sciences. Interview with Prof. Franco Ferrarotti (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Franco Ferrarotti, Professor emeritus at ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome; since winning the first Chair in this discipline in Italy in 1961, he has been considered the Father of Italian Sociology. An independent Member of Italian Parliament in the third government (1958-1963), a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and a ‘visiting Professor’ at many universities in Europe, North America, Russia, Japan and Latin America. Franco Ferrarotti has taught and still teaches in Europe and America, and he has received many awards throughout his career. In this interview, he talks about the social aspects and consequences of Earth sciences studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-348
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Social aspects ; Geologists activity ; Scientific information ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2011 Tohoku-oki (Mw 9.1) earthquake is so far the best-observed megathrust rupture, which allowed the collection of unprecedented offshore data. The joint inversion of tsunami waveforms (DART buoys, bottom pressure sensors, coastal wave gauges, and GPS-buoys) and static geodetic data (onshore GPS, seafloor displacements obtained by a GPS/acoustic combination technique), allows us to retrieve the slip distribution on a non-planar fault. We show that the inclusion of near-source data is necessary to image the details of slip pattern (maximum slip ,48 m, up to ,35 m close to the Japan trench), which generated the large and shallow seafloor coseismic deformations and the devastating inundation of the Japanese coast. We investigate the relation between the spatial distribution of previously inferred interseismic coupling and coseismic slip and we highlight the importance of seafloor geodetic measurements to constrain the interseismic coupling, which is one of the key-elements for long-term earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 385
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Tohoku ; Subduction ; Tsunami ; Inverse problem ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3493
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    OMBRA: Observing Montello BRoad Activity. Una rete temporanea per lo studio dei processi di deformazione attraverso la faglia del Montello (Alpi orientali). (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’area veneta delle Alpi orientali è caratterizzata da una debole sismicità di background. In particolare, l’attività sismica registrata negli ultimi 30 anni [Castello et al., 2006; Bollettino Sismico INGV1] mostra eventi di bassa energia (ML〈3) lungo l’arco alpino in corrispondenza dell’anticlinale del Montello (situato a NW di Treviso). Sono noti però alcuni eventi di magnitudo medio-alta che hanno storicamente interessato la regione: l’episodio più significativo è il terremoto di Asolo del 1695 (Imax 10 e MaW 6.61), affiancato da tre ulteriori eventi sismici di intensità Imax≥VIII (magnitudo equivalente 6.0) avvenuti nel 778, 1286 e 1836 [CPTI Working group 2004] (Figura 1). Il Montello è catalogato tra i segmenti sismogeneticamente attivi del fronte alpino [Valensise and Pantosti, 2001; Galadini et al., 2005; Poli et al., 2008], originato dall’uplift di una struttura di thrust S-vergente, con slip rate di deformazione stimato tra 1.5 mm/yr [Burrato et al., 2009] e 1.8-2.0 mm/yr [Benedetti et al., 2000]. Scopo del progetto OMBRA è quello di studiare alcune questioni ancora aperte e scientificamente controverse. Ci si chiede come questi eventi storici forti possano integrarsi nel contesto della debole sismicità di fondo osservata recentemente. Inoltre è interessante capire come una velocità di placca relativamente alta possa accomodarsi nel pattern regionale e inoltre quali strutture tra l’anticlinale e il fronte alpino possano essere potenzialmente attive.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65-67
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: temporary network ; seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    A Hippocratic Oath for geologists? (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We argue here that the introduction of an ethical code of conduct that follows the example of the Hippocratic Oath of physicians will help geologists to acquire binding awareness of their professional and social responsibilities. The ethical behavior and obligations of modern geologists involve, but are not limited to, the following issues: correct land/ environment use and management; respect of truth and science; and protection of the Earth systems, on both the local and global scales, and therefore, of our well-being. We believe that for geoligists, the explicit acceptance of an ethical code will help to promote: (i) an awareness of their social role, expertise and sense of belonging to a professional community; (ii) an understanding of the expectations of citizens and society; and (iii) cultural growth, with better use of research and implementation of scientific and professional skills. All this should enhance the public recognition of the social mission of geologists, which is essential for the well-being of society. Therefore, we suggest that like in the majority of medical schools, ethical training should be a part of the university curriculum for students in geology.
    Description: Published
    Description: 365-369
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Hippocratic Oath ; Geologists ; Social responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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