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  • Articles  (62)
  • Open Access-Papers  (62)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (21)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas  (18)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (40)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (18)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 2020-2023
  • 2015-2019  (13)
  • 2010-2014  (49)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1945-1949
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  • Articles  (62)
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  • Open Access-Papers  (62)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2015-2019  (13)
  • 2010-2014  (49)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    Kinetics of crystal evolution as a probe to magmatism at Stromboli (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: The kinetics of hydrated basaltic melts erupted during the present activity at Stromboli have been studied to estimate the growth and dissolution rate of plagioclase. Specifically, a high-K basalt composition (PST-9) has been studied to investigate magma and eruption dynamics at Stromboli volcano by combining crystallization kinetics of plagioclase and CSD measurements on natural samples from literature (Armienti et al., 2007; Fornaciai et al., 2009). A series of water-saturated decompression experiments over a range of final water pressure (Pf = 75–5 MPa) at constant temperature (1075 C) show that plagioclase is systematically present from 50 to 5 MPa at water saturated conditions. Moreover, these experiments show that anorthite (An) content decreases with decreasing PH2O, reaching the same composition as the natural plagioclase in Stromboli scoria at pressure below 20 MPa and that the plagioclase crystal fraction increases as the experimental conditions tend to lower final pressure. Plagioclase growth rate (GL) is observed to increase with undercooling for the Pf investigated during decompression experiments, except for the 75 MPa Pf serie that only has two samples with the presence of plagioclase crystals. The values of GL vary from 10 7 to 10 8 cm/s for Pf from 75 to 25 MPa, while at Pf from 10 to 5 MPa growth rates are approximately of 10 6 cm/s. A series of dissolution experiments at atmospheric pressure and over a range of temperature has been done for plagioclase (T range of 1220–1240 C). Dissolution rate (G-) for plagioclase (10 7 cm/s) tends to be slightly higher at higher temperature in the range of 1220–1240 C and appears to be time independent for the experimental durations investigated (10–30 h). These trends could be related to development of a diffusion-limited boundary layer adjacent to the dissolving crystal. By comparison of the experimental data on plagioclase composition, growth rates and dissolution in Stromboli basalt, it is possible to place the reservoir of the crystal-rich magma in the upper part (from 400 m to the surface) of the volcanic conduit. Kinetic data of the plagioclase, the most important phase of the shallow magmatic system of Stromboli, show that the magmatic processes are quite dynamic and in a relatively short time (hours or several days) the system can change considerably. Furthermore, the results from this work combined with observations on natural samples help to improve our knowledge of the magma plumbing system, of interactions between resident magma and new magmas, the dynamics of volcanic activity of Stromboli, and the time scales of magmatic processes that change in a few hours to 1 month.
    Description: Published
    Description: 135-151
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Experimental petrology ; Basalts ; magma Kinetics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Il terremoto di Palermo del 6 settembre 2002: effetti macrosismici (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: On September 6, 2002, at 01:21 GMT, the western part of the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily was hit by an earthquake of magnitude ML = 5.6, representing the mainshock of a seismic sequence of roughly 500 earthquakes recorded in about one month. The event, although characterized by a moderate magnitude and located some forty kilometres offshore, produced relevant macroseismic effects in the Palermo area. A macroseismic survey was carried out soon after the earthquake with the aim of defining, for Civil Protection purposes, the damage scenario over a territory which is densely urbanised. In all, 134 localities were investigated. Damage generally depended on the high vulnerability of the buildings both for problems related to the old age - as is the case of the Palermo historical centre - and for peculiar unfavourable conditions due to site effects, particularly in some quarters of the city and in the nearby locality of Ficarazzi. Damage to masonry consisted of falling plaster, failure of corner walls, diagonal cracks in walls and widening of previous fissures. Some degraded buildings, almost abandoned and with evident lack of maintenance, suffered partial structural failure of roofs and floors. As regards reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, several edifices with 5-10 storeys suffered cracks in partitions and infill walls, sometimes with failure of these elements, and falling plaster. Fine cracks in beams of frames have also been observed, but without determining significant structural problems. In general, damage affects the lowest storeys of the RC frame buildings. According to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998, the maximum value of intensity, 6, was assigned to Palermo and Ficarazzi. The earthquake has also provoked effects on natural surroundings. Two types of phenomena have been detected: (i) hydrological effects and (ii) slope instability processes. The most relevant was the landslide which occurred near the village of Cerda, 60 km from the epicentre.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-15
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Palermo ; terremoto 2002 ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Time-dependent Coulomb stress changes induced by the 2002-2003 Etna magmatic intrusions and implications on following seismic activities (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: In this paper, the relationship between the dike-forming magmatic intrusions and the faulting process at Mount Etna is investigated in terms of Coulomb stress changes. As case study, a complete time-dependent 3-D finite element model for the 2002-2003 eruption at Mount Etna is presented. In the model, which takes into account the topography, medium heterogeneities and principal fault systems in a viscoelastic/plastic rheology, we sequentially activated three dike-forming processes and looked at the induced temporal evolution of the Coulomb stress changes, during the co-intrusive and post-intrusive periods, on Pernicana and Santa Venerina faults. We investigated where and when fault slips were encouraged or not, and consequently how earthquakes may have been triggered. Results show positive Coulomb stress changes for the Pernicana Fault in accordance to the time, location and depth of the 27th October 2002 Pernicana earthquake (Md = 3.5). The amount of Coulomb stress changes in the area of Santa Venerina Fault, as induced by dike-forming intrusions only, is instead almost negligible and, probably, not sufficient to trigger the 29th October Santa Venerina earthquake (Md = 4.4), occurred two days after the start of the eruption. The necessary Coulomb stress change value to trigger this earthquake is instead reached if we consider it as induced by the 27th October Pernicana biggest earthquake, combined with the dike-induced stresses.
    Description: MED-SUV FP7 Project (Grant number 308665)
    Description: Published
    Description: 185-196
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Coulomb stress changes ; Finite Element Model ; Viscoelasticity ; Earthquakes ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Viscous plugging can enhance and modulate explosivity of strombolian eruptions (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Strombolian activity is common in low-viscosity volcanism. It is characterised by quasi-periodic, short-lived explosions, which, whilst typically weak, may vary greatly in magnitude. The current paradigm for a strombolian volcanic eruption postulates a large gas bubble (slug) bursting explosively after ascending a conduit filled with low-viscosity magma. However, recent studies of pyroclast textures suggest the formation of a region of cooler, degassed, more-viscous magma at the top of the conduit is a common feature of strombolian eruptions. Following the hypothesis that such a rheological impedance could act as a ‘viscous plug’, which modifies and complicates gas escape processes, we conduct the first experimental investigation of this scenario. We find that: 1) the presence of a viscous plug enhances slug burst vigour; 2) experiments that include a viscous plug reproduce, and offer an explanation for, key phenomena observed in natural strombolian eruptions; 3) the presence and extent of the plug must be considered for the interpretation of infrasonic measurements of strombolian eruptions. Our scaled analogue experiments show that, as the gas slug expands on ascent, it forces the underlying low-viscosity liquid into the plug, creating a low-viscosity channel within a high-viscosity annulus. The slug's diameter and ascent rate change as it enters the channel, generating instabilities and increasing slug overpressure. When the slug reaches the surface, a more energetic burst process is observed than would be the case for a slug rising through the low-viscosity liquid alone. Fluid-dynamic instabilities cause low and high viscosity magma analogues to intermingle, and cause the burst to become pulsatory. The observed phenomena are reproduced by numerical fluid dynamic simulations at the volcanic scale, and provide a plausible explanation for pulsations, and the ejection of mingled pyroclasts, observed at Stromboli and elsewhere.
    Description: European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) project NEMOH, REA grant agreement No. 289976
    Description: Published
    Description: 210-218
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: analogue modeling ; strombolian explosions ; plugged vents ; volcano acoustic ; volcano infrasonic ; slug bursting ; Taylor bubble ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale Calabria meridionale nel periodo Gennaio 1999 - Dicembre 2001 (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Il presente lavoro è costituito dalla raccolta sistematica delle indagini macrosismiche eseguite in occasione dei terremoti di maggior rilievo verificatisi in Sicilia orientale e Calabria meridionale dal Gennaio 1999 al Gennaio 2001. I rilievi precedenti al Settembre 1999 sono stati effettuati nell’ambito delle attività del Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti, svolte presso l’Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia – CNR di Catania. Successivamente a tale data le indagini macrosismiche hanno costituito parte integrante delle attività di monitoraggio del Sistema Poseidon. Entrambi gli enti adesso costituiscono la sezione di Catania dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-59
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sicilia ; terremoti ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Engineering design earthquakes from multimodal hazard disaggregation (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: To define reference structural actions, engineers practicing earthquake resistant design are required by codes to account for ground motion likely to threaten the site of interest and also for pertinent seismic source features. In most of the cases, while the former issue is addressed assigning a mandatory design response spectrum, the latter is left unsolved. However, in the case that the design spectrum is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, disaggregation may be helpful, allowing to identify the earthquakes having the largest contribution to the hazard for the spectral ordinates of interest. Such information may also be useful to engineers in better defining the design scenario for the structure, e.g., in record selection for nonlinear seismic structural analysis. On the other hand, disaggregation results change with the spectral ordinate and return period, and more than a single event may dominate the hazard, especially if multiple sources affect the hazard at the site. This work discusses identification of engineering design earthquakes referring, as an example, to the Italian case. The considered hazard refers to the exceedance of peak ground acceleration and 1s spectral acceleration with four return periods between 50 and 2475 year. It is discussed how, for most of the Italian sites, more than a design earthquake exists, because of the modeling of seismic sources. Furthermore, it is explained how and why these change with the limit state and the dynamic properties of the structure. Finally, it is illustrated how these concepts may be easily included in engineering practice complementing design hazard maps and effectively enhancing definition of design seismic actions with relatively small effort.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1212–1231
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Engineering design ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Modeling techniques to study CO 2-injection induced micro-seismicity (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: CO2 injection in saline aquifers is one solution to avoid the emission of this greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. This process induces a pore-pressure build-up around the borehole that generates tensile and shear micro-earthquakes which emit P and S waves if given pressure thresholds are exceeded. Here, we develop a simple model to simulate micro-seismicity in a layer saturated with brine, based on an analytical solution of pressure diffusion and an emission criterion for P and S waves. The model is based on poroelasticity and allows us to obtain estimations of the hydraulic diffusivity on the basis of the location of the micro-earthquakes (defining the CO2 plume) and the triggering time. Wave propagation of P and S waves is simulated with a full-wave solver, where each emission point is a source proportional to the difference of the pore pressure and the tensile and shear pressure thresholds. Finally a reverse-time migration algorithm is outlined to locate the asynchronous sources induced by the fluid flow, determinated by the maximum amplitude at each cell versus the back propagation time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 246-257
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO 2 injection and monitoring ; Fluid injection ; Micro-seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    GEOSIS: dall’Earthquake Report al webGIS (2011)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Experience using ESRI Geodatabase allowed to centralize in one place the many spatial, geological and seismological data contained in the databases produced in recent years by INGV and other institutions. Inspired by the USGS reports made to characterize the most important earthquakes, it was thought to create synthesis and quick reference tools of this information in relation to a seismic event that occurred on Italian territory. The result is the idea of "framing" the location of an earthquake not only in its territorial context, but extending it to other useful information derived from INGV databases and studies. The aim of GEOSIS Earthquake Report is precisely to frame a seismic event in 5 topics into a A3 cartography report: territorial framework, seismic classification, seismic hazards, historical seismicity, recent seismic activity. The utility of Earthquake Report has been highlighted especially during a seismic emergency as a tool for quick summary and easy to read of the different seismological and seismotectonic characteristics of the area affected by the earthquake. Just at those situations, however, has been pointed out the weak point of this report: their static nature. In fact it is coming out of the need to have an application that could dynamically be updated during a seismic sequence and which provides the user the ability to create custom scenarios. It was then developed GEOSIS web, the evolution of GEOSIS Earthquake Reports on the Web. GEOSIS web turns the cartography report into a webGIS application that allows users to create the 5 default views, or create different scenarios with the layers of geographic database. In addition GEOSIS web is not centered on a single seismic event but it has the opportunity to manage the last 20 events recorded by the National Seismic Network with magnitude (ML) greater than or equal to 2.0, updated in near real time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-45
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS ; ARCGIS SERVER ; WEBGIS seismicity ; Earthquake Report ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Seismicity and velocity structures along the south-Alpine thrust front of the Venetian Alps (NE-Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper we show the seismicity and velocity structure of a segment of the Alpine retro-belt front along the continental collision margin of the Venetian Alps (NE Italy). Our goal is to gain insight on the buried structures and deep fault geometry in a “silent” area, i.e., an area with poor instrumental seismicity but high potential for future earthquakes, as indicated by historical earthquakes (1695 Me = 6.7 Asolo and 1936 Ms = 5.8 Bosco del Cansiglio). Local earthquakes recorded by a dense temporary seismic network are used to compute 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs tomographic images, yielding well resolved images of the upper crust underneath the south-Alpine front. We show the presence of two main distinct high Vp S-verging thrust units, the innermost coincides with the piedmont hill and the outermost is buried under a thick pile of sediments in the Po plain. Background seismicity and Vp/Vs anomalies, interpreted as cracked fluid-filled volumes, suggest that the NE portion of the outermost blind thrust and its oblique/lateral ramps may be a zone of high fluid pressure prone to future earthquakes. Three-dimensional focal mechanisms show compressive and transpressive solutions, in agreement with the tectonic setting, stress field maps and geodetic observations. The bulk of the microseismicity is clustered in two different areas, both in correspondence of inherited lateral ramps of the thrust system. Tomographic images highlight the influence of the paleogeographic setting in the tectonic style and seismic activity of the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-48
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Geodetic strain rate and earthquake size: new clues for seismic hazard studies (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Earthquakes deliver in few seconds the elastic energy accumulated in hundreds of years. Where and when will be the next earthquake remains a difficult task due to the chaotic behaviour of seismicity and the present lack of available tools to measure the threshold of the crustal strength. However, the analysis of the background strain rate in Italy and the comparison with seismicity shows that larger earthquakes occur with higher probability in areas of lower strain rate. We present a statistical study in which a relationship linking the earthquake size (magnitude) and the total strain rate (SR) is found. We combine the information provided by the Gutenberg–Richter law (GR) of earthquake occurrence and the probability density distribution of SR in the Italian area. Following a Bayesian approach, we found a simple family of exponential decrease curves describing the probability that an event of a given size occurs within a given class of SR. This approach relies on the evidence that elastic energy accumulates in those areas where faults are locked and the SR is lower. Therefore, in tectonically active areas, SR lows are more prone to release larger amount of energy with respect to adjacent zones characterised by higher strain rates. The SR map of Italy, compared with 5 years seismicity supports this result and may become a powerful tool for identifying the areas more prone to the next earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-75
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Strain rate ; Magnitude ; Gutenberg–Richter law ; Bayesian analysis ; Seismic hazard ; Italian area ; L’ Aquila Emilia earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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