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  • Articles  (796)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El octil-metoxicinamato (OMC) es un compuesto fotoprotector, orgánico, sintético presente en la gran mayoría de las pantallas solares comerciales. Estudios previos han probado su limitada fotoestabilidad y que algunos de los productos de degradación del mismo (2-etilhexanol y p-metoxibenzaldehido) presentan cierto grado de toxicidad, aunque a concentraciones mayores que las presentes en una pantalla solar. Se conocen productos naturales con excelentes propiedades fotoprotectoras como los aminoácidos tipo micosporina o MAAs (por ejemplo shinorine y porphyra-334) y, en algunos casos también con capacidad antioxidante, como el gadusol. Estas sustancias surgen como atractivas alternativas a las pantallas sintéticas, de allí proviene el interés de explorar su utilización en formulaciones mixtas y caracterizar el comportamiento de las mezclas a temperatura ambiente y frente a la irradiación, tanto en solución como en crema base. En este trabajo se evaluó por un lado la extracción de MAAs en diferentes fuentes de algas rojas del género Porphyra, del Mar Argentino, explorando tanto muestras naturales, frescas o liofilizadas, como muestras desecadas comerciales. El rendimiento de la extracción es mayor para las algas frescas y las liofilizadas, mientras que las muestras secas comerciales aportan cantidades entre cien y mil veces menores. Por otra parte, se evaluó la estabilidad de mezclas de OMC y los filtros UV naturales (MAAs o gadusol) a temperatura ambiente durante 48 hs, mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible y HPLC. Los resultados indican que, en crema base, la combinación de estos filtros incrementa la estabilidad del factor de protección solar, mientras que en solución parece no afectar de manera significativa. Además se estudió la evolución de las mezclas durante un período de 4 hs de irradiación, resultando que en crema la fotoestabilidad es mayor que para el OMC.
    Description: Bachelors
    Description: Tesis (licenciatura)
    Keywords: Radiación ultravioleta ; Propiedades químicas ; Filtros ; Algas marinas ; Recursos potenciales ; Espectro de absorción ; Técnicas espectroscópicas ; Biotecnología ; Farmacología ; Técnicas cromatográficas ; Porphyra ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Chemical properties ; Filters ; Seaweeds ; Potential resources ; Absorption spectra ; Spectroscopic techniques ; Biotechnology ; Pharmacology ; Chromatographic techniques ; HPLC
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 62pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-09-27
    Description: Research on sustainability transitions has expanded rapidly in the last ten years, diversified in terms of topics and geographical applications, and deepened with respect to theories and methods. This article provides an extensive review and an updated research agenda for the field, classified into nine main themes: understanding transitions; power, agency and politics; governing transitions; civil society, culture and social movements; businesses and industries; transitions in practice and everyday life; geography of transitions; ethical aspects; and methodologies. The review shows that the scope of sustainability transitions research has broadened and connections to established disciplines have grown stronger. At the same time, we see that the grand challenges related to sustainability remain unsolved, calling for continued efforts and an acceleration of ongoing transitions. Transition studies can play a key role in this regard by creating new perspectives, approaches and understanding and helping to move society in the direction of sustainability.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Das Kopernikus-Projekt "ENavi" hat im Forschungsschwerpunkt "Transformation des Stromsystems" untersucht, wie der Stromsektor zur Erreichung der Klimaziele beitragen kann. Aktuell gilt es, den Kohleausstieg ökonomisch effizient und ökologisch zu organisieren. Seine Ergebnisse hat das Team der von der Bundesregierung eingesetzten Kommission für Wachstum, Strukturwandel und Beschäftigung ("Kohlekommission") präsentiert.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-04-15
    Description: In der Dissertation wird eine Methodik entwickelt, welche die Berechnung des Redispatcheinsatzes im deutschen Übertragungsnetz ermöglicht. Dabei wird die Auswirkungen einer Integration der Flexibilität aus dezentralen Anlagen in das elektrische Energiesystem dargestellt. Durch die Integration von dezentralen Flexibilitäten können geringere Brennstoff- und CO2-Zertifikatskosten bei relativ konstanten CO2-Emissionen erreicht werden. Bei einem Redispatcheinsatz, welcher die Leistungserhöhung aus konventionellen thermischen Kraftwerken weitgehend vermeidet, kann bei der Berücksichtigung dezentraler Flexibilitäten bis zu 99 Prozent der benötigten Redispatcherhöhung aus konventionellen Kraftwerken mit Hilfe dezentraler Alternativen ersetzt werden. Diese Übernahme der Redispatchaufgaben durch dezentrale Anlagen ist allerdings mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Redispatchkosten verbunden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-10-22
    Description: New options are needed to reduce the impact of motor vehicles on climate change and declining fossil fuel resources. Cars which are fueled by hydrogen could be a sustainable method of transportation if suitable technologies can be devised to produce hydrogen in an environmentally benign manner along with the provision of the necessary fueling infrastructure. This paper assesses size, space, and cost requirements of bioreactors as a decentralized option to supply hydrogen powered cars with biohydrogen produced from algae or cyanobacteria on a theoretical basis. Decentralized supply of biohydrogen could help to reduce the problems that hydrogen cars face regarding market penetration. A feasibility study for decentralized biohydrogen production is conducted, taking the quantity of hydrogen which is needed to fuel current hydrogen cars into account. While this technology is, in theory, feasible, sizes, and costs of such reactors are currently too high for widespread adoption. Thus, more R&D is needed to close the gap and to approach marketability.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
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    Stockholm : Material Economics
    Publication Date: 2019-06-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-12-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-12-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 10
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    Frankfurt am Main : DECHEMA
    Publication Date: 2019-12-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-12-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Was hat Design mit Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit zu tun? Die globale Erwärmung und der Klimawandel lassen sich auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückführen. Design, das die Umwelt außen vor lässt, ist einer der Gründe. Viele Produkte und Dienstleistungen verbrauchen nämlich viel Energie und Ressourcen haben auch eine hohe soziale Relevanz - sie sorgen beispielsweise für Teilhabe oder Exklusion. Wie eine Transformation hin zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit in diesem Bereich besser gelingt, fasst der neue "Transition Design Guide" des Wuppertal Instituts und der Folkwang Universität der Künste in Kooperation mit der ecosign - Akademie für Gestaltung Köln und der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal zusammen. Der Leitfaden gibt interessierten Gestaltenden, Entwickelnden, Transformatorinnen und Transformatoren sowie Forschenden in Universitäten, Unternehmen und Kommunen 16 Praxis-Werkzeuge an die Hand, um Produkte, Dienstleistungen, soziale Räume oder andere Erfahrungswelten nachhaltiger und umweltbewusster zu entwerfen. Anhand der Arbeitsblätter lassen sich gestalterische Ideen und Konzepte auf ihre Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale untersuchen und weiterentwickeln. Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte werden dabei mit den Methoden und Arbeitsschritten eines klassischen Designprozesses zusammengeführt. Ausführliche Hintergrundinformationen ergänzen die Themen der Tools inhaltlich.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Aufgrund der perspektivisch insbesondere mit dem benötigten weiteren Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien verbundenen weiter zunehmenden Auswirkungen der Energiesystemtransformation auf Landschaft und Ökosysteme erscheint es angemessen, dass Politik und Gesellschaft die Naturverträglichkeit der Energiewende bzw. ihrer konkreten Ausgestaltung stärker in den Blick nehmen als bisher. Denn eine angemessene Berücksichtigung und darauf aufbauende weitest mögliche Minderung der negativen Einflüsse von Energiewende-Maßnahmen auf die Natur ist aus verschiedenen Gründen von Bedeutung: Zum einen ist die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz für das Gelingen der Energiewende entscheidend und eine weitgehend naturverträgliche Ausgestaltung der Energiewende kann diese Akzeptanz befördern. Zum anderen sind intakte Ökosysteme für das menschliche Wohlergehen von hoher Bedeutung und es kann darüberhinaus argumentiert werden, dass ihnen unabhängig vom Wert für den Menschen auch ein intrinsischer Wert zugesprochen werden sollte. (Zusätzliche) Ökosystemstörungen sollten folglich so weit wie möglich vermieden werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat der Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. das Wuppertal Institut beauftragt, in dem vorliegenden Bericht mögliche Maßnahmen zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben, die sowohl wesentliche Beiträge zur Erreichung der Ziele der Energiewende leisten können, deren Umsetzung gleichzeitig aber nach derzeitigem Wissensstand keine oder nur geringe negative Auswirkungen auf die Natur hätte. Der Bericht soll dabei helfen, die Aufmerksamkeit auf gegenwärtig nicht ausgeschöpfte, von der Energiepolitik und auch von vielen vorliegenden Energiewende-Studien nicht oder wenig beachtete aber wahrscheinlich naturschutzgerechtere Klimaschutzoptionen zu richten und diese Optionen besser zu verstehen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Um den ungebremst fortschreitenden Klimawandel zu begrenzen, ist eine stufenweise Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems notwendig, die bereits bis zur Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts schon weitgehend erreicht sein muss. Neben Unsicherheiten gehen von der Energiewende gleichzeitig Investitionsimpulse für Innovationen aus, wobei Systeminnovationen eine zentrale Treiberfunktion zur Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems einnehmen. Diese Arbeit fokussiert die Rolle von Innovationskaskaden in der Energiewende und analysiert die Überführung von Systeminnovationen in strategische Geschäftsmodellinnovationen vor dem Hintergrund der Frage, wie die Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems für Unternehmen der Energiewirtschaft und THG-intensiven Industrie rentabel ausgestaltet werden kann. Die Dissertation leistet einen substanziellen Beitrag zur Entscheidungsfindung im strategischen (Innovations-)Management für Unternehmen der Energiewirtschaft und der THG-intensiven Sektoren - Bereiche, die von einem erheblichen Transformationsdruck gekennzeichnet sind. Insbesondere für Unternehmen, die bedingt durch den Wandel des Energiesystems großen Herausforderungen gegenüberstehen, leistet diese Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Ableitung neuer, nachhaltiger und ökonomisch tragfähiger Geschäftsmodelle. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Systeminnovationen Power-to-Gas (P2G) und Algae-to-X (A2X). Dabei wird der Begriff Algae-to-X erstmalig in die wissenschaftliche und praktische Diskussion eingeführt und konzeptionell fundiert. Mit einer ganzheitlichen Untersuchung der Innovationsprozesse, den damit verbundenen Chancen, Potenzialen, Unsicherheiten, Hemmnissen und visionären Zukunftsbildern von Power-to-Gas und Algae-to-X werden konkrete Handlungsansätze zur Förderung von Systeminnovationen und der Überführung in Geschäftsmodellinnovationen im window of opportunity der Energiewende herausgearbeitet. Diese Forschungsarbeit trägt zur Weiterentwicklung der wirtschafts-wissenschaftlichen Theoriebasis in den Disziplinen des strategischen Managements und des strategischen Innovationsmanagements bei: Aufbauend auf einer breiten und tiefgreifenden Analyse bestehender Ansätze wird die Bedeutung von Systeminnovationen und Geschäftsmodellinnovationen herausgestellt und die tragende Rolle des in der Theorie noch relativ jungen Konzepts der Innovationskaskaden für die Umsetzung des systemischen Transformationsprozesses der Energiewende theoretisch fundiert und empirisch gestützt. Hervorzuheben ist, dass die Unsicherheiten, die mit der Entwicklung von tragfähigen Geschäftsmodellinnovationen einhergehen, ökonomisch fundiert sind, in den Beispielen in Abhängigkeit des Neuigkeitsgrades und damit der Entwicklungsstufe der Innovationskaskade aber technologisch (A2X) bzw. regulatorisch (P2G) bedingt sind. Bei der Überführung von Systeminnovationen in strategische Geschäftsmodellinnovationen über die Ableitung von Innovationskaskaden stellt diese Arbeit zwei neue, theoretisch fundierte und empirisch überprüfte innovationsauslösende Stimuli vor: Die systeminduzierten Impulse des system-push und des system-pull.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The Port of Rotterdam is an important industrial cluster, comprising mainly oil refining, chemical production and power generation. In 2016, the port's industry accounted for 19% of the Netherlands' total CO2 emissions. The Port of Rotterdam Authority is aware that the cluster is heavily exposed to future decarbonisation policies, as most of its activities focus on trading, handling, converting and using fossil fuels. Based on a study for the Port Authority using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods, our article explores three pathways whereby the port's industry can maintain its strong position while significantly reducing its CO2 emissions and related risks by 2050. The pathways differ in terms of the EU's assumed climate change mitigation ambitions and the key technological choices made by the cluster's companies. The focus of the paper is on identifying key risks associated with each scenario and ways in which these could be mitigated.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) requires sustainable production and consumption. One indicator named in the SDG for resource use is the (national) material footprint. A method and disaggregated data basis that differentiates the material footprint for production and consumption according to, e.g., sectors, fields of consumption as well as socioeconomic criteria does not yet exist. We present two methods and its results for analyzing resource the consumption of private households based on microdata: (1) an indicator based on representative expenditure data in Germany and (2) an indicator based on survey data from a web tool. By these means, we aim to contribute to monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals, especially the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. Indicators based on microdata ensure that indicators can be disaggregated by socioeconomic characteristics like age, sex, income, or geographic location. Results from both methods show a right-skewed distribution of the Material Footprint in Germany and, for instance, an increasing Material Footprint with increasing household income. The methods enable researchers and policymakers to evaluate trends in resource use and to differentiate between lifestyles and along socioeconomic characteristics. This, in turn, would allow us to tailor sustainable consumption policies to household needs and restrictions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-21
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Green Information Systems in general, and footprint calculators in particular, are promising feedback tools to assist people in adopting sustainable behaviour. Therefore, a Material Footprint model for use in an online footprint calculator was developed by identifying the most important predictors of the Material Footprint of the calculator's users. By means of statistical learning, the analysis revealed that 22 of the 95 predictors identified accounted for 74% of the variance in Material Footprints. Ten predictors out of the 95, mainly from the mobility domain, were capable of showing a prediction accuracy of 61%. The authors conclude that 22 predictors from the areas of mobility, housing and nutrition, as well as sociodemographic information, accurately predict a person's Material Footprint. The short and concise Material Footprint model may help developers and researchers to enhance their information systems with additional items while ensuring the data quality of such applications.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
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    Essen : Klartext Verlag
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Urban energy systems have been commonly considered to be socio-technical systems within the boundaries of an urban area. However, recent literature challenges this notion in that it urges researchers to look at the wider interactions and influences of urban energy systems wherein the socio-technical sphere is expanded to political, environmental and economic realms as well. In addition to the inter-sectoral linkages, the diverse agents and multilevel governance trends of energy sustainability in the dynamic environment of cities make the urban energy landscape a complex one. There is a strong case then for establishing a new conceptualisation of urban energy systems that builds upon these contemporary understandings of such systems. We argue that the complex systems approach can be suitable for this. In this paper, we propose a pilot framework for understanding urban energy systems using complex systems theory as an integrating plane. We review the multiple streams of urban energy literature to identify the contemporary discussions and construct this framework that can serve as a common ontological understanding for the different scholarships studying urban energy systems. We conclude the paper by highlighting the ways in which the framework can serve some of the relevant communities.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Digitalization is a transformation process which has already affected many parts of industry and society and is expected to yet increase its transformative speed and impact. In the energy sector, many digital applications have already been implemented. However, a more drastic change is expected during the next decades. Good understanding of which digital applications are possible and what are the associated benefits as well as risks from the different perspectives of the impacted stakeholders is of high importance. On the one hand, it is the basis for a broad societal and political discussion about general targets and guidelines of digitalization. On the other hand, it is an important piece of information for companies in order to develop and sustainably implement digital applications. This article provides a structured overview of potential digital applications in the German energy (electricity) sector, including the associated benefits and the impacted stakeholders on the basis of a literature review. Furthermore, as an outlook, a methodology to holistically analyze digital applications is suggested. The intended purpose of the suggested methodology is to provide a complexity-reduced fact base as input for societal and political discussions and for the development of new digital products, services, or business models. While the methodology is outlined in this article, in a follow-up article the application of the methodology will be presented and the use of the approach reflected.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2020-08-14
    Description: Nigeria is Africa's largest economy and home to approximately 10% of the un-electrified population of Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, 77 million Nigerians or 40% of the population had no access to affordable, reliable and sustainable electricity. In practice, diesel- and petrol-fuelled back-up generators supply the vast majority of electricity in the country. In Nigeria's nationally-determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, over 60% of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions are foreseen in the power sector. The goal of this study is to identify and critically examine the pathways available to Nigeria to meet its 2030 electricity access, renewables and decarbonization goals in the power sector. Using published data and stakeholder interviews, we build three potential scenarios for electrification and growth in demand, generation and transmission capacity. The demand assumptions incorporate existing knowledge on pathways for electrification via grid extension, mini-grids and solar home systems (SHS). The supply assumptions are built upon an evaluation of the investment pipeline for generation and transmission capacity, and possible scale-up rates up to 2030. The results reveal that, in the most ambitious Green Transition scenario, Nigeria meets its electricity access goals, whereby those connected to the grid achieve a Tier 3 level of access, and those served by sustainable off-grid solutions (mini-grids and SHS) achieve Tier 2. Decarbonization pledges would be surpassed in all three scenarios but renewable energy goals would only be partly met. Fossil fuel-based back-up generation continues to play a substantial role in all scenarios. The implications and critical uncertainties of these findings are extensively discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-09-20
    Description: This paper offers a comparative analysis of small wind electrification programmes targeted at remote sheep farming households in two of the windiest regions of the world, Argentine Patagonia and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. Despite comparable environmental conditions and local livelihoods, their impact was vastly different. Insights from socio-technical systems and strategic niche management approaches offered a deeper understanding of the local context and development dynamics, facilitating the identification of the critical success factors that contributed to these two distinct outcomes and finally highlighting those that can inform the design of future such initiatives. The research is based upon a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, observational field visits and review of archival sources. The critical factors identified by this case study research include strong and consistent institutional support, investment in robust equipment creation of effective feedback loops from the field and hybridisation. Additionally, a user centred approach that assesses whether small wind is really the right option for each individual household and if so, matches an appropriate energy system to their unique and evolving needs. Finally, empowering users to take on as much responsibility for maintenance as possible by integrating maintenance practices with local culture and ensuring the support of an effective decentralised maintenance network.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions will be necessary in the coming decades to enable the global community to avoid the most dangerous consequences of man-made global warming. This fact is reflected in Germany's 7th Federal Energy Research Program (EFP), which was adopted in 2018. Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere comprise one way to achieve these reductions in greenhouse gases. DAC has been identified as a technology (group) for which there are still major technology gaps. The intention of this article is to explore the potential role of DAC for the EFP by using a multi-dimensional analysis showing the technology's possible contributions to the German government's energy and climate policy goals and to German industry's global reputation in the field of modern energy technologies, as well as the possibilities of integrating DAC into the existing energy system. The results show that the future role of DAC is affected by a variety of uncertainty factors. The technology is still in an early stage of development and has yet to prove its large-scale technical feasibility, as well as its economic viability. The results of the multi-dimensional evaluation, as well as the need for further technological development, integrated assessment, and systems-level analyses, justify the inclusion of DAC technology in national energy research programs like the EFP.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2020-09-21
    Description: Footprint calculators are efficient tools to monitor the environmental impact of private consumption. We present the results of an analysis of data entered into an online Material Footprint calculator undertaken to identify the socioeconomic drivers of the Material Footprint in different areas of consumption, from housing to holidaymaking. We developed regression models to reveal (1) the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on Material Footprints of private households and (2) correlations between the components of Material Footprints for different arrays of consumption. Our results show that an increasing Material Footprint in one array of consumption comes with an increasing Material Footprint in all other arrays, with the exception of housing and holidaymaking. The socioeconomic characteristics of users have a significant impact on their Material Footprints. However, this impact varies by the array of consumption. Households only exhibit generally bigger Material Footprints as a result of higher incomes and larger dwellings. We conclude that indicators which strive to monitor resource efficiency should survey disaggregated data in order to classify the resource use to different population groups and arrays of consumption.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Nowadays, the main impetus to apply additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is the high geometric flexibility of the processes and its ability to produce pilot or small batch series. In contrast, resource and energy intensities are often not considered as constraints, even though the turnout of additive manufacturing is high, at least compared to chip removing processes. The study at hand analyses the material characteristics and environmental impacts of a hose nozzle as an example of a commercial product of simple geometry. The production routes turning (conventional manufacturing) and laser beam melting (additive manufacturing) are compared to each other in terms of natural resource use, climate change potential and primary energy demand. It is found, that the product shows a lower demand for natural resources when produced via AM, but higher carbon emissions and energy demand when using a steel, that is mainly (80%) produced from high-alloyed steel scrap. However, different case studies during the sensitivity analyses showed that a number of factors highly influence the results: the steel source as well as the source of electricity play a major role in determining the environmental performance of the production routes. The authors also found that other production processes (here cold forging of tubes) might be an eco-friendly alternative to both routes, if feasible from an economic point of view. In regard to the material characteristics, experimental testing revealed that the material advantages of AM produced hose nozzles (in particular higher yield strength) are reduced after a solution heat treatment is applied to the as-produced material, in order to increase corrosion resistance. However, products that do not require this production step might benefit from the higher yield strength, as a lower wall thickness could be realised.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2020-02-17
    Description: Responsible consumption and production is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. To achieve this goal the currently high extraction rates of natural resources, that our economy is based on, needs a transformation of the consumption and production system considering technological as well as social change. One of the promising transition approaches is seen in collaborative consumption with its many facets of socio-cultural innovations and fast growing number of participants and businesses. With a decreasing production of goods, due to a utilisation of underutilised assets, these offers might support an absolute reduction of the global resource use. However, a positive environmental effect depends on the setting and the social practices of such sharing offers and is not sustainable or resource efficient generally. Also, resource efficient practices with a low diffusion potential that stick in a niche offer no leverage to achieve sustainable consumption patterns. Thus, this paper describes a mixed method approach to analyse the resource efficiency and diffusion potential of 20 sharing offers in the area of mobility, housing & travel and everyday objects in Germany. Results show that the overall positive environmental connotation of sharing offers cannot be confirmed. We identified five clusters of offers that are all treated to be differently when it comes to deploying the positive potential and avoid unnecessary societal effort to achieve the mentioned Sustainable Development Goal.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In recent years, most countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, have rolled out national policies with the goal of decarbonising their economies. Energy policy goals in these countries have been characterised by expanding the deployment of renewable energy technologies in the electricity mix in the medium term (i.e., until 2030). This tacitly signals a transformation of socio-technical systems by 2030 and beyond. Nevertheless, how these policy objectives actually translate into future scenarios that can also take into account a long-term perspective up to 2050 and correspond to local preferences remains largely understudied. This paper aims to fill this gap by identifying the most widely preferred long-term electricity scenarios for Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. During a series of two-day workshops (one in each country), the research team, along with local stakeholders, adopted a participatory approach to develop multiple 2050 electricity scenarios, which enabled electricity pathways to be modelled using Renewable Energy Pathway Simulation System GIS (renpassG!S). We subsequently used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) within a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) to capture local preferences. The empirical findings show that local stakeholders in all three countries preferred electricity scenarios mainly or even exclusively based on renewables. The findings demonstrate a clear preference for renewable energies and show that useful insights can be generated using participatory approaches to energy planning.
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  • 38
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    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Kurzstudie geht auf den möglichen Beitrag von synthetischen Kraftstoffen zur Verkehrswende ein. Sie stellt die Einsatzmöglichkeiten dar, zeigt alternative Minderungsoptionen auf, und vergleicht sie mit den Einsatzmöglichkeiten von synthetischen Kraftstoffen. Zudem gibt der Bericht einen Überblick über volkswirtschaftliche Effekte, auf deren Basis abschließend Schlussfolgerungen für den Beitrag synthetischer Kraftstoffe zur Verkehrswende abgeleitet und diese in Handlungsleitlinien (Prioritäten) übersetzt werden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Language: German
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Germany and Japan have both gained substantial experience with hydrogen production and applications, albeit with focus on different sectors. They also share similar drivers for hydrogen development and, of course, similar technical and economic opportunities and challenges. However, there also are relevant differences in the policy priorities and approaches. Notwithstanding differing emphases and patterns, the two countries share three main drivers for hydrogen development and deployment: climate mitigation and other environmental goals, energy supply diversification, and technological leadership. In this context, hydrogen has been identified by the German and the Japanese governments during the Energy Policy Dialogue as having potential for closer cooperation. The authors of this study provide an overview of demand-side deployment by sector (residential, transport, industry, power generation and power-to-x) for both countries, as well as of their hydrogen policy debates, key institutions, R&D programs and demonstration projects. They also present a short survey on relevant international platforms and initiatives in which Japan and Germany participate. On the basis of a meta-analysis of the role of hydrogen in 18 long-term energy system scenarios for Germany and 12 scenarios for Japan, this study draws conclusions on the possible role of hydrogen in the long term energy policy debates of both countries. Subsequently, the authors discuss sustainability criteria and certification schemes for clean hydrogen, compare the greenhouse gas intensity of different hydrogen supply chains and provide a data-based analysis to identify countries which could become important suppliers of clean hydrogen.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Studie untersucht Notwendigkeiten und Möglichkeiten, Wasserstoff und Strom zu nutzen, um den Verkehrssektor in Deutschland perspektivisch zu dekarbonisieren. Basis der Untersuchung ist das Dekarbonisierungsszenario des Wuppertal Instituts von 2017, welches den Verkehrssektor Deutschlands unter der Maßgabe dekarbonisiert, dass Deutschland einen adäquaten Beitrag dazu leistet, den Klimawandel auf 1,5 °C mittlere Temperaturerhöhung gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Zeitalter zu begrenzen. Das Dekarbonisierungsszenario nimmt eine ambitionierte Verkehrswende an, um dieses Politikziel zu erreichen. Es zeichnet sich durch eine besonders effiziente Mobilität aus, indem es umfangreiche Vermeidungs- und Verlagerungsmaßnahmen vorsieht und dadurch der Energieverbrauch besonders gering bleiben kann. Dennoch werden selbst in diesem Klimaschutzszenario signifikante Mengen erneuerbaren Stroms für den Verkehrssektor benötigt. Es findet eine möglichst "direkte Elektrifizierung" statt, also ein Strombezug von batterie-elektrischen Pkw aus dem Netz, sowie über Oberleitungen für die Schiene und für große Lkw auf Bundesautobahnen. Es ist aber auch eine "indirekte Elektrifizierung" nötig, indem aus erneuerbarem Strom unter der Hinnahme von Wirkungsgradverlusten Wasserstoff (H2) und als Folgeprodukt auch synthetische Kraftstoffe hergestellt werden. Diese strombasierten Produkte werden im Dekarbonisierungsszenario für große Pkw und Lkw verwendet. Die vorliegende Studie berechnet zusätzlich den H2- bzw. PtX-Bedarf des internationalen Flug- und Seeverkehrs. Sie bestimmt außerdem das Lastprofil für eine ungesteuerte Ladung von Elektro-Pkw im Zieljahr. Die Berechnungen verdeutlichen, dass die Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors in Zukunft sehr viel stärker mit dem Stromsystem wechselwirkt. Für Klimaschutz im Verkehr bedarf es neben einer drastischen Energieverbrauchssenkung und einem beschleunigten Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien auch die Infrastruktur für Strom und strombasierte Produkte.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Virtuelle Kraftwerke (VKW) bieten die Möglichkeit, den steigenden Flexibilitätsbedarf des Stromsystems durch die Bündelung dezentraler Erzeugungsanlagen, Speicher und steuerbarer Verbraucher zu decken. Insbesondere die Hebung noch unerschlossener dezentraler Flexibilitätspotenziale auf Haushaltsebene, die durch die Digitalisierung und die Verfügbakeit smarter Technologien ermöglicht wird, eröffnet voraussichtlich zukünftige Geschäftsfelder. In diesem Artikel werden die zu erwartenden technologischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungen skizziert und darauf aufbauend ein Analyserahmen für Geschäftsmodelle Virtueller Kraftwerke vorgestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Im Forschungsprojekt "Landscaping" untersuchte das Wuppertal Institut die für Nordrhein-Westfalen aus heutiger Sicht denkbaren Technologieansätze, die dafür nötigen politischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie mögliche Innovationen entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten. Bestandteil des Berichts sind Steckbriefe, in denen die möglichen Technologien für treibhausgasneutrale Industrieprozesse samt offener Forschungsfragen und Infrastrukturbedarfe dargestellt sind. Das Projekt entstand im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Anteil fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Strommix steigt. Um die Netzstabilität zu erhalten, Fluktuationen im Dargebot nach Wetterlage und saisonal auszugleichen sind absehbar ab ca. 2030 große Stromspeicherkapazitäten erforderlich. Wasser-Pumpspeicherwerke sind derzeit die einzige langjährig erprobte Technologie, die künftig in Braunkohletagebauen, welche im Zuge der Energiewende aufgegeben werden, errichtet werden könnten. Eine Überschlagsrechnung am Beispiel eines Pumpspeicherwerks in verschiedenen Tagebauen zeigt, dass diese mit bis zu 400 GWh ein signifikantes technisches Speicherpotenzial haben.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Im Energiesektor hat die Digitalisierung bereits viele Abläufe der Wertschöpfungskette verändert. Es besteht jedoch weiterhin erhebliches Potenzial zur Nutzung von digitalen Anwendungen. Insofern ist mit weiteren tiefgreifenden Veränderungen zu rechnen. Neben den zahlreichen Nutzen bestehen auch potenzielle negative Auswirkungen. Die so entstehenden Spannungsfelder müssen frühzeitig analysiert werden, um Lösungsoptionen für potenzielle Hindernisse zu erarbeiten um somit den größtmöglichen Nutzen der Digitalisierung erzielen zu können.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Many countries are increasingly investing in renewable energy technologies to meet growing energy demands and increase the security of their energy supply. This development is also evident in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where renewable energy targets and policies have evolved rapidly in recent years. There is a steady increase in both the number of planned and implemented solar photovoltaic (PV) but also of solar thermal projects in form of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. Many of these installations are designed as large utility-scale systems. Despite the fact that these types of large-scale projects can have significant effects on local communities and their livelihoods, the existing research into the social impacts of such large-scale renewable energy infrastructures at local level is limited. However, assessing and managing these impacts is becoming increasingly important to reduce risks to both the affected communities and to the project and businesses activities. In order to provide more robust evidence on the local effects, this research study reviews the social impacts of large-scale renewable energy infrastructure in the MENA region based on a case study of the NOORo I CSP plant in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Data collected during two empirical field studies, in combination with expert interviews and secondary data analysis, provides detailed evidence on the type and significance of livelihood impacts of the NOORo I CSP plant. The analysis results in a consolidated list of 30 impacts and their significance levels for different stakeholder groups including farmers, young people, women, community representatives and owners of small and medium enterprises. The results show that, overall, the infrastructure development was received positively. The review also indicates that factors identified as having effects on the sustainability of local livelihoods are mainly related to information management and benefit distribution, rather than physical or material aspects.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In the context of the German-Korean Energy Policy Dialogue, integration of renewable power sources and smart grids have been identified as topics with high relevance. This study aims to support mutual learning and exploration of new fields for collaboration by identifying similarities and differences in the respective status quos, strategies and policies in both countries. After a short introduction to the South Korean energy situation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the South Korean power market, its situation regarding renewable power sources and the Korean definition of smart grids. Chapter 3 of this study highlights the major South Korean energy strategies and regulatory frameworks relevant to integration of renewable energies and smart grids. In Chapter 4, the status and perspectives of renewable energy sources integration and smart grids in South Korea are discussed, presenting various demonstrative examples, new business models and the current situation of technology deployment. Chapter 5 puts South Korea in the global context and compares it to Germany. Finally, Chapter 6 draws conclusions and presents recommendations on suitable areas for mutual learning.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Unter den Stichworten "Sektorenkopplung" und "Power-to-X" werden derzeit viele Möglichkeiten der direkten und indirekten Elektrifizierung großer Teile der Endenergienachfrage intensiv diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang hat die Diskussion um Wasserstoff als Endenergieträger sowie als Feedstock für die Herstellung von synthetischen Kraftstoffen und chemischen Grundstoffen zuletzt stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Insbesondere der klimaneutrale Umbau der Grundstoffindustrien und hier vor allem der Grundstoffchemie und der Stahlindustrie würde bedeutende Mengen an grünem Wasserstoff benötigen, die räumlich stark auf die großen Industriekerne fokussiert wären. Ein zeitnaher Einstieg in die Schaffung entsprechender Erzeugungskapazitäten und Infrastrukturen könnte dazu führen, dass Wasserstoff - neben erneuerbaren Energien und Energieeffizienz - zum dritten Standbein der Energiewende avanciert.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diesen Technologien wird für das Energiesystem, bei einem zunehmenden Ausbau der fluktuierenden regenerativen Leitenergieträger Wind und Sonneneinstrahlung als zentrale Flexibilitätsoption sowie zur Dekarbonisierung der Industrie - Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff und Kohlenwasserstoffen -, eine Schlüsselrolle zukommen. Wie die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit anderen Energieinfrastrukturen, z. B. Freileitungen oder Windkraftanlagen, zeigen, stellt eine breite gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz einen wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktor für die großflächige Diffusion und Transformation dar. Entsprechend ist die gesellschaftliche Einbettung auch bei der Planung von PtX-Strategien frühzeitig zu beachten.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Als Direct Air Capture (DAC) werden Technologien zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus der Atmosphäre bezeichnet. Diese könnten zunehmend zum Einsatz kommen, um CO2 für Power-to-X-Prozesse (PtX) oder zur Erzielung "negativer Emissionen" bereitzustellen. Die Ergebnisse einer multidimensionalen Bewertung im Rahmen der BMWi-Studie "Technologien für die Energiewende" (et 09/2018) zeigen, dass noch große Unsicherheiten bestehen und die Entwicklung überwiegend an Deutschland vorbeigeht.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This study focuses on smart grids and integration of renewable energy sources in Japan. It first elaborates on the current status of the Japanese power market, its electricity grid, and the trends taking place which result in the need for smart grids. It proceeds with strategic and legislative framework setting relevant for smart grids and renewables, and with current status of smart grids and renewables. Further, it focuses on relevant stakeholders, new business models, and public acceptance relevant for smart grids and renewables. It then puts the Japanese developments in international context and, where possible, compares it to Germany. Lastly, it derives recommendations and identifies where Japanese and German policymakers, regulators and private sector stakeholders might profit from closer collaboration.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Zur Realisierung der europäischen Klimaschutzziele muss der Industriesektor, besonders die energieintensive Grundstoffindustrie, seine Treibhausgasemissionen stark reduzieren. Obwohl in der Vergangenheit bereits große Fortschritte erzielt wurden, sind in Zukunft weitere, teils bahnbrechende Innovationen und der Aufbau der dafür benötigten Infrastruktur erforderlich. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts stellt das Wuppertal Institut für die "European Climate Foundation" den aktuellen Wissensstand zum Thema zusammen, diskutiert diesen vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Situation für Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW), erstellt konsistente mögliche Zukunftsszenarien für NRW und leitet Schlüsselfragen und weiteren Forschungsbedarf für die Region ab.
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  • 53
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    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Digitalisierung ist längst gelebte Praxis. Jeden Tag werden Milliarden an "digitalen" Handlungen ausgeführt. Beispielsweise werden täglich 207 Mrd. E-Mails verschickt, 8,8 Mrd. YouTube-Videos angesehen und 36 Mio. Amazonkäufe getätigt. Dabei nimmt die Geschwindigkeit, mit der neue Anwendungen entwickelt und etabliert werden, kontinuierlich zu. Es stellt sich also die Frage, was im Energiesektor zu erwarten ist und wie die Entwicklung zielgerichtet genutzt werden kann.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der schnell fortschreitende Digitalisierungs- und Automatisierungsprozess ist heute schon ein wichtiger Wegbegleiter für die Transformation des aktuellen Energiesystems. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden sechs Anwendungsbeispiele vorgestellt, die deutlich machen, dass die Energiewende ohne Digitalisierung nicht denkbar ist.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Diskussion um die Gestaltung der Energiewende dreht sich in der politischen und gesellschaftlichen Debatte heute maßgeblich um die Stromversorgung der Zukunft. Ausstieg aus der Kohleverstromung und Ausbau bzw. Optimierung von Stromtransport- und verteilnetz sind nur zwei Beispiele dafür. Zu wenig Beachtung wird dagegen den Gasinfrastrukturen geschenkt und dabei insbesondere den Gas(import-)infrastrukturen, die mit Blick auf die Energiewende eine signifikante Rolle spielen (können).
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Welche Rolle spielt die Digitalisierung mit der Vielzahl ihrer Methoden und Anwendungen für die Energiewende - also für die Transformation unseres Energiesystems im Sinne der vereinbarten Klimaschutzziele? Ist sie notwendige Voraussetzung für den Systemumbau und ermöglicht beispielsweise erst den Übergang auf ein nahezu vollständig erneuerbares Energiesystem (Enabler) oder ist sie lediglich ein nützliches, den Umbau beschleunigendes Hilfsmittel (Facilitator)? Welche Veränderungen sind durch die Ziele der Energiewende getrieben und welche durch die Verbreitung von Techniken der Digitalisierung? All dies waren Fragen, die im Rahmen der Jahrestagung 2018 des Forschungsverbunds Erneuerbare Energien unter dem Titel "Die Energiewende - smart und digital" behandelt wurden. Dieser einführende Beitrag versucht einige Anhaltspunkte zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen zu liefern und in das Thema einzuführen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Weltweit trägt die Industrie direkt und indirekt etwa über ihren Bezug von Strom und Wärme rund 30 bis 40 Prozent zu den Treibhausgasemissionen bei. Auch in Deutschland liegt ihr Beitrag in einer ähnlichen Größenordnung1. Dabei sind insbesondere die Grundstoffindustrien (Stahl, Zement, Grundstoffchemie, Glas, Aluminium, Papier und andere) besonders energie- und emissionsintensiv. Gleichzeitig basiert der Energieeinsatz dieser Industrien bisher noch überwiegend auf fossilen Energien (und Müll). Zu den energiebedingten Emissionen kommen prozessbedingte Emissionen hinzu, die sich bei den heute üblichen Verfahren selbst bei Einsatz vollständig "grüner" Energien nicht vermeiden lassen. Grundstoffindustrien stellen Materialien für die Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Produkten zur Verfügung. Sie sind daher kein Selbstzweck, sondern tragen letztlich damit dazu bei, vielfältige Bedürfnisse abzudecken.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Innerhalb des Kopernikus-Projekts "Synchronisierte und energieadaptive Produktionstechnik zur flexiblen Ausrichtung von Industrieprozessen auf eine fluktuierende Energieversorgung" - kurz SynErgie - erheben Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler das Flexibilisierungspotenzial von Industrieprozessen und versuchen die Machbarkeit an Schlüsselprozessen zu demonstrieren. Die technischen Herausforderungen und Lösungsoptionen, die sich in den Prozessen der Grundstoffindustrie - wie etwa Stahl, Chemie, Zement, Glas und Feuerfest - ergeben, haben sie bereits in einem ersten Band "Flexibilitätsoptionen in der Grundstoffindustrie: Methodik, Potenziale, Hemmnisse" ausführlich beschrieben und auf Basis einer eigens entwickelten Methodik analysiert. Der Fokus des vorliegenden zweiten Bandes liegt auf den Flexibilitätsperspektiven, die sich durch hybride Wärmebereitstellung, den Einsatz thermischer Energiespeicher und der Nutzung synthetischer Gase in den entsprechenden Branchen ergeben können. Hierzu erweiterten die Forschenden die bereits im ersten Band entwickelte Methodik um die relevanten Aspekte der Gasversorgung und thermischen Speicherung. Anhand von konkreten technischen Beispielen aus den Branchen stellen sie darin die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und ein gegebenenfalls daraus folgendes Flexibilitätspotenzial dar und diskutieren dies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-12-07
    Description: China's regular energy statistics does not include the building sector, and data on building energy demand is included in other types of energy consumption in the Energy Balance Sheet (EBS). Therefore data on building energy demand is not collected based on statistics, but rather calculated or estimated by various approaches in China. This study aims at developing and testing China's building energy statistics by applying an adapted EBS. The advantage of the adapted EBS is that statistical data is from the regular statistical system and no additional statistical efforts are needed. The research result shows that the adapted EBS can be included in China regular energy statistical system and can be standardized in a transparent way. Testing of the adapted EBS shows that China's building energy demand has shown an annual increase of 7.6% since 2001, and a lower contribution to the total energy demand as compared to the developed world. There is also a close link to lifestyle and living standard while industrial energy demand is mainly driven by economy and decoupling of building energy demand with increasing of building floor area, this is due to a considerable improvement of building energy efficiency. The adapted EBS creates a method for China conducting statistics of building energy consumption at the sector level in a uniform way and serves as the basis for any sound building energy efficiency policy decisions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Ziel dieses Teilvorhabens innerhalb des FlexGeber-Projektes war die Initiierung und Begleitung eines Prozesses zur Identifikation und (idealerweise späteren) Realisierung von Effizienz-, Erneuerbaren- und Flexibilitätspotenzialen in den Industriebetrieben Taifun-Tofu GmbH (Lebensmittel) und Hermann Peter KG (Baustoffe). Dazu haben die Forschenden jeweils in einem Workshop relevante Akteure zusammengebracht und Wissen zur Bestimmung und Bewertung von Flexibilitäten aus technischer, rechtlich-politischer sowie strukturell-organisatorischer Sicht erarbeitet und vermittelt. Gemeinsam klärten sie, welche Informationen in welchem Format für Unternehmen erforderlich und relevant sind, um Flexibilitätsoptionen identifizieren und umsetzen zu können. Insgesamt gliedert sich die methodische Vorgehensweise in vier zentrale Arbeitsschritte: Vor-Ort-Begehungen bei den Reallaboren, Identifikation technischer Hotspots, Akteursworkshop sowie abschließende Auswertung. Der vorliegende Teilbericht dokumentiert diesen Prozess und fokussiert auf die Identifikation von möglichen Effizienz-, Erneuerbaren- und Flexibilitätsoptionen und der Erfassung von Hemmnissen, die einer Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Erschließung der Potenziale bei den Praxispartnern entgegenstehen. Da die Workshops vornehmlich auf die Unternehmen Taifun-Tofu und Hermann Peter ausgerichtet waren, fokussiert dieser Bericht auf Hemmnisse, die diese Unternehmen bzw. Unternehmen dieser Branchen betreffen. Darüber hinaus ist ein Kapitel zu Hemmnissen, die sich aus dem Demonstrationsvorhaben des Fraunhofer ISE-Campus (Ausbau des Kältenetzes und Installation von Kältespeichern) ableiten, ist in diesem Bericht enthalten.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Length composition data from monthly catches of Scomberomorus commerson landed in Choebdeh and Hendijan fish landing places in Khuzestan Province, north Persian Gulf, were collected from 2004 to 2005. We used the data to estimate growth parameters and mortality coefficients of the fish. Response surface analysis produced by the ELEFAN program provided a complete set of Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimation. We found L infinity =120cm (fork length), K=0.49per year and t sub(0)=-0.11 year for the fish. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.022tL super(2.7575) with r super(2)=0.978S. Based on the calculated b, we conclude that the fish has an isometric growth pattern. The total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were estimated as, Z=1.58, M=0.58 and F=1.0, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) for this species was estimated as 0.63 per year. The E-value indicates that the kingfish in this part of the Persian Gulf has been overexploited. Current fishing pattern in the Khuzestan province shows that 97.07% of the cumulative length frequency and 78.18% of the cumulative weight frequency of the landed fish are under standard size. Results of this study indicate that exploitation of kingfish does not follow an optimum trend and if this trend continues, the stock of Scomberomorus commerson in this area will be threatened.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fishing effort ; Scomberomorus commerson ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Growth ; Stock assessment ; Length ; Exploitation ; Age determination ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.17-28
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some growth parameters and feeding aspects of the Lizardfish, Saurida tumbil, in Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province), were studied by regular monthly collections during February 2006- February 2007. Among a total of 691 specimens, 538 were females, 114 males and 39 immature. The total length for females ranged from 26.1 to 58 (38.9±6.7) and for males from 25.5 to 53.5 (34.20±6.7) cm. The total weight of females ranged from 136-1550 (486.7±281.9) and for males from 116 to 1125 (332±225) g. The length-weight relationship for all fish was W= 0.0064L 3.042 suggesting an isometric growth for all the fish sample. Condition factor ranged from 0.43 to 0.94 in different months. The relative length of the gut (RLG) was 0.44 on average, suggesting a carnivorous feeding habit of this fish. The maximum and the minimum gasterosomatic index (GI) (gut weight/total weight) occurred in November and in June, respectively. Amongst the 691 studied fish, 187 fish had empty, 297 semifull and 207 full stomachs. On the basis of stomachs contents, Clupeidae, Trichiuridae, Synodonthidae, Carangidae and shrimp were the most important food items, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that the lizard fish is a voracious piscivore species with a positive allometric growth pattern in juveniles and an isometric growth pattern in adults.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Feeding ; Length-weight relationships ; Synodontidae ; Gasterosomatic index ; Growth ; Parameters ; Lizardfish ; Saurida tumbil
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.51-60
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study age, growth and maturity of Hilsa shad in Khuzestan province were analyzed. 394 number of fishes from marine habitat (Lifeh-Boseif), estuaries (Bahmanshir and Arvand) and rivers (Bahmanshir and Karoon) from February 2014 to September 2014 were collected using commercial fishing with gill net. Total length and wet weight of each fish were measured with precision of 1 cm and 1 gram. Sagittal otoliths were extracted for age determination of the fish. Since the otoliths were fragile, they were sectioned by polishing with sandpapers 800, 1500 and 2000. Then abdominal cavity of each sample were opened for determining sex and maturity stage. Growth parameters were calculated using von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞=58.365, K=0.26, t0=-0.16). Phi-prime constant was obtained 2.95. Length and age at first maturity were obtained 27.32cm and 2.4 g respectively using logistic model to fit a and b parameters with observed data in spawning season.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Age ; Growth ; Maturity ; Hilsa shad ; Tenualosa ilisha ; Otolith ; Length-weight relationships ; Parameters ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.47-58
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The freshwater spiny eel, Macrognathus pancalus is an inland water teleost fish commonly known as barred or striped spiny eel found in Asia. The sampling areas were selected which are spatially and geographically different and characterized by different environmental conditions in order to elucidation of ecotype. A total 345 specimens were collected from the sampling sites during January 2008 to December 2010. The weight of M. pancalus in the present study nearly the cube of its length in all cases as the values of regression coefficient ‘b’ were found to be close to 3. The length weight relationship indicated the isometric growth in all the samples of striped spiny eel collected from different environmental condition. The coefficient of regression ‘b’ were more in the riverine population (3.17±0.08) as compared to the populations of a large lake i.e. Beel (2.85±0.13). The coefficient of determination, (r2) in all the cases was highly significant (p〈 0.001). The relative condition factor (Kn) were also calculated and the average of condition factor in riverine and beel populations of spiny eel were found to be 0.50±0.09, and 0.47±0.05, respectively. The length-length relationship was highly correlated (r2= 0.99 at P〈0.0001) for all the individuals of both habitats. A significant size difference was also noted between the river basin populations of M.pancalus. In the present study the length-weight, length-length relationship of M.pancalus in two different river basins was compared.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Macrognathus pancalus ; Length-weight relation ; Condition factor ; Length-Length Relationship ; Length-weight relationships
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.170-182
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Age, growth and reproduction were investigated for Chondrostoma regium, collected monthly (November 2007- August 2008) from the Dimeh Spring region, Zayandeh Roud River, Iran. The maximum age of collected female and male fish were estimated based on scale increments as five and four years respectively. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were calculated as L_t=246[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.034))], W_t=163.29〖[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.034))]〗^2.77 for females and L_t=253.1[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.175))], W_t=188.25〖[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.175))]〗^2.99 for males. Size ranges of the male and female specimens were almost similar. The fork length range for females was 10.5-18.0 cm and 10.7-19.7 cm for males and the weight range was 15.7-85.4 g in females, and 14.5-88.5 g in males. The female-male ratio was 1.8:1 (p〈0.05), and for both sexes gonadal development and sexual maturity occurred in the second year of their life. Length-weight relationships revealed isometric growth pattern for males and a negative allometric growth for females. Monthly data of Gonadosomatic Index, and ovary condition suggested that spawning occurred during May and June. The mean absolute and relative fecundity was calculated as 2429±1512 (eggs/female) and 78.118.7 (egg/g), respectively, and fecundity was significantly correlated with both body weight (r2=0.90) and fork length and (r2=0.84).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Reproduction ; Chondrostoma regium ; Fecundity ; Length-weight relationships ; Age ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.810-822
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Growth of gonads and spawning time in white spotted rabbit fish, Siganus sutor, in culture conditions were surveyed. Around 800 juveniles weighing 50-80g were captured from wild and stocked at a density of a15 ind/m super(3) in concrete tanks during years 2004-2005 located in the Persian Gulf &Oman Sea Ecology Research Center. The fishes were cultured for about 12 and 24 mounts to obtain 1 year and 2 year old specimens. Culture was continued till the year 2007. Using 574 records, the length-weight relationship was determined as W=0.0155(FL). Results revealed that Siganus sutor has alometric growth. Monthly changes in GSI showed the lowest GSI values at stage I and V. We observed that GSI values of females and males peaked in April and May. The total fecundity of Siganus sutorranged from 170,000 to 1,300,000 oocytes in specimens of 22-35cm, F.L. 215-800 g B.W. and ovary weight of 15-117g. The average (cSE) total fecundity was 737931.03 plus or minus 77503.41 oocytes per female. The relative fecundity ranged from 458.47 oocytes to 2303.80 oocytes per g B.W. with an average (cSE) of 1606.31 plus or minus 131.89 oocytes per g B.W. Results showed the best time for S. sutoe to culture is month of May According to the results, one year old males are mature and produce sperm whereas females are ready to reproduce at age 2.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spawning seasons ; Spawning ; Fish culture ; Siganus sutor ; Length-weight relationships ; Juveniles ; Gonadosomatic index ; Growth ; Fecundity ; Density ; Gonads ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.119-128
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sardinella sindensis is economically the most important small pelagic fish species in the coastal area of Qeshm Island. Population dynamics of Sind sardinella from Qeshm Island coastal waters, during April 2005 to March 2006 were studied. The asymptotic length (Lx) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated at 178mm and 1.11yr super(-1), respectively. The minimum and maximum T.L was recorded at 42 and 172mm respectively. The value of t0 was calculated at -0.17, and Tmax was estimated at 2.7 year. The Von Bertalanffy growth equation was obtained at L(t) = 178(1-exp(-1.1 l(t-(-0.17))) for this species. Total mortality (Z) rate was estimated to be 3.48yr super(-1) (r super(2) = 0.88) on length-converted catch curve method. The rates of natural mortality (M) based on Pauly's empirical equation, fishing mortality (F) and exploitation ratio were estimated at 1.13yr super(-1), 2.35yr super(-1) and 0.67, respectively. Four cohorts were distinguished annually based on Bhattacharya's method with mean length of 56, 89, 107 and 141mm. Maximum recruitment was in September at 18.62 percent. The length-weight relationship was determined as W= 0.000005 L super(3.1399).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pelagic fisheries ; Sind sardinella ; Sardinella sindensis ; Length-weight relationships ; Mortality ; Growth ; Population dynamics ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.77-86
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Assessment of length frequency, length-weight relationship, distribution and biomass of the shrimp P. adspersus was done four times in the summer of the year 2002 in the Gorgan Bay and south east of the Caspian Sea. Results indicated that the mean carapace length (CL) was 13.55±1.79mm, and minimum and maximum CL was 8.7 and I 8.7nam respectively. We determined the length weight relationship as W=-0.0035CL2.3123. In the south east region of the sampling area the mean carapace length was I 2.67±2.23mm and minimum and maximum CL was 5.2 and 17.5mm respectively. For this region, we found the length weight relationship as W-----0.0072CL 2'°956 P. adspersus were found in all depths. Parallel with the air temperature increase, the shrimp density showed an increase at the depth of 2-10m. The estimated biomass of this species in the Gorgan Bay was 1999kg and in the south east region was 1 160kg.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Plaemon adspersus ; Length-weight relationships ; Distribution ; Biomass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.111-128
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, 945 Specimens of bivalve Solen dactylus were biometrically assessed from April 2007 to March 2008 in two transects of Golshahr coast in Bandar Abbas, Persian Gulf. Physical and chemical factors of water like temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, coast's sediment, diversity and abundance of phytoplankton were studied monthly during the clam sampling. The mean clam length and total weight were 67.5 plus or minus 17.13mm and 6.3 plus or minus 4.04g, respectively. The relationship between clam length-width, total weight-dry weight and clam length-dry weight were significant (r super(2) = 0.91, r super(2) = 0.83 and r super(2) = 0.86, P0.05). The maximum value of Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) in the first and second transect were 11% and 16%, respectively in January (reproductive cycle). The minimum value of GSI in both transects was zero from April to September. Gonado Condition Index (GCI) was synchronous with the GSI during the year of study. GSI and GCI showed a negative relationship with temperature and a positive relationship with dissolved oxygen.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Reproductive cycle ; Physicochemical properties ; Life cycle ; Biological properties ; Solen dactylus ; Length-weight relationships ; Gonadosomatic index ; Body weight ; Length ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.67-80
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Monthly samples of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) were collected at night on board of kilka fishing vessel during the years 2004-2005 in Mazandran province. The decreasing kilka population in the Caspian Sea and the associated economic loss of fisheries sector were the main reasons encouraging the research. The stomach contents of common kilka and biotic and abiotic factors at the fishing areas were examined in this project. The length and weight of common kilka fluctuated between 100 plus or minus 7 to 113 plus or minus 5 mm and 7.0 plus or minus 1.9 to10.3 plus or minus 1.0g, respectively. The highest feeding activity was observed in April with 280 plus or minus 153 individuals of prey weighing 2.9 plus or minus 1.6mg per fish consisted of 7% Acartia and 93% Balanus nauplii and cipris. The zooplankton population taken in during March to September was composed of Balanus nauplii and cipris (67% to 100%) but the biomass of copepoda (Acartia) was dominant from October to February. We observed that with increasing temperature in spring, Balanus reproduced and the stomach contents of kilka comprised more than 90% Balanus cipris and nauplii. In winter, Copepoda was observed more in stomach contents of kilka while Balanus decreased.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Food organisms ; Fishing vessels ; Zooplankton ; Stomach content ; Dominant species ; Abiotic factors ; Balanus ; Clupeonella cultriventris caspia ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Acartia ; Brackish ; Population characteristics ; Biomass ; Length-weight relationships ; Weight ; Length ; Body size ; Biotic factors ; Marine crustaceans
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.79-88
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: We used commercial fishing data and samples in the Choebdah landing near Abadan port to estimate population dynamic parameters for Euryglossa orientalis. Sampling period was October 2004 to October 2005. After collecting the samples, they were transported to the laboratory for further biometry measurements. The minimum and maximum length was 12 and 40cm respectively. Length-weight relationship was calculated as: W=0.0004*2.5586. According to the equation, growth of E. orientalis is allometric. Length frequency data were processed in FiSAT-II package. Growth coefficient was estimated at K = 0.28, infinite length was 37.57cm, total mortality was Z=2.09, natural mortality was M=0.92, and fishing mortality was F=1.17. Exploitation rate was calculated at E=0.56 and since the E value was higher than 0.5, over-fishing is expected to be happening to the species.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Natural mortality ; Euryglossa orientalis ; Length-weight relationships ; Mortality ; Growth ; Population dynamics ; Length ; Frequency ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.123-132
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Psettodes erumei is the sole fish species belonging to Psettodidae family that lives in the Oman Sea. The species has a flat body and is thicker than other flat fishes. It has a large mouth with strong teeth and gray-brown color on body surface; and is mostlysround in muddy-sandy substrates up to 25m depths. The species is carnivorous and feeds on prey fishes. The common trawl and gillnet are commonly used for catching the fish. This study was carried out in the Oman Sea in 2002 covering 86 trawling stations. After each haul, the trawl was emptied on board for separation, identification and weight measurement of the catch items. The CPUA was calculated by Swept Area method and used as an index for distribution analysis of the fish species. The maximum snout-length was found to be 66cm for the study area and the length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0294 TL2 7973
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Psettodes erumei ; Length frequency ; Length-weight relationships ; Distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.169-174
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The nauplii of Artemia urmiana was enriched with oxolinic acid and the accumulation rate of this antibacterial drug in different times and dosages was determined. The nauplii which were hatched out of cysts from Urmia Lake's Artemia were incubated in the antibiotic/ seawater suspension with dosages of 25, 50, 75 and 100mg/l of oxolinic acid, in intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. All factors including salinity, pH, aeration, dosage and enrichment time were kept the same for all treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times. After enrichment, the concentration of oxolinic acid per sample was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). One way ANOVA and Duncan's tests were implemented to analyze the data.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: HPLC ; Cysts ; Nauplii ; Drugs ; Artemia urmiana ; Bioaccumulation ; Antibiotics ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.153-162
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Concentration of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in liver and muscle tissues of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) of the Caspian Sea was assessed to study possible correlation of length and weight and the bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in the fish. Concentration of the metals in liver was higher than muscle (Zn: 55.2, Cu: 41.5kg/g) while the concentrations in the muscle tissue were lower than permissible limits proposed by FAO. Significant correlations were not detected between mean Zn and cu concentration and fish size. Finally, no significant difference was found in the concentration of the heavy metals in male and female fish specimens (P〉0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Correlation analysis ; Rutilus frisii ; Brackish ; Length-weight relationships ; Bioaccumulation ; Fish physiology ; Heavy metals ; Zinc ; Muscles ; Liver ; Copper ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.121-128
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  • 75
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    Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se caracterizó la pesquería artesanal del Sector Sur del Partido de la Costa (SSPC) (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se describió la operatividad de la flota y sus desembarques, en cuanto a volúmenes de captura por especie y distribuciones de talla a lo largo año. En el período comprendido entre octubre de 2008 y octubre de 2010 se colectó información de capturas y se realizaron viajes quincenales al SSPC donde se tomaron datos in situ. La flota se compone de 20 embarcaciones del tipo 'tracker', entre 6 y 9 metros de eslora con motores fuera de borda de 90 a 120 HP. El arte de pesca más utilizado es la red de enmalle, con diferentes tamaños de malla (110 y 140 mm fueron los más utilizados). En cada salida de pesca se utilizan entre 6 y 30 paños (300-1700 metros lineales de red) con un tiempo de fondeo más frecuente de 24 horas. Las bajadas náuticas en el Partido de la Costa no poseen muelle y están distribuidas en la playa por donde las embarcaciones acceden a la zona de pesca atravesando la rompiente. Los fines de semana, feriados y vacaciones, se realiza la venta al público de las capturas en la playa en forma de filet, trozos o entero. En momentos sin afluencia turística se vende a acopiadores de la zona. La flota opera sobre las primeras 5 millas náuticas desde la línea de costa, donde la legislación no permite el arrastre de fondo desde Punta Rasa hasta Punta Médanos. La pesquería del SSPC puede ser considerada multiespecífica, ya que se observó la captura de 30 especies entre peces óseos y cartilaginosos. Este conjunto íctico presentó 6 especie de mayor interés comercial, considerando sus volúmenes de captura: pescadilla de red, corvina rubia, tiburón espinoso, gatuzo, palometa y pez ángel. La pescadilla de red y la corvina rubia fueron las más importantes representando el 71 por ciento de los desembarques totales de la flota. Ambas especies se capturan durante todo el año, sin embargo varía su predominancia en el transcurso del mismo. Para las estimaciones de CPUE de definió la unidad de esfuerzo como metro cuadrado de paño (m2) y el tiempo de fondeo expresado en día (d). Cuando se analizan las capturas del SSPC por unidad de esfuerzo, los mayores valores de CPUE se registraron en los meses de primavera. Esto puede deberse a dos factores principales, el clima y el comportamiento reproductivo de las especies. La captura total estimada para la flota en el periodo estudiado fue de 726.491 kg. La distribución de tallas de las capturas mostró que en el caso de los peces óseos los juveniles no superaron el 4 por ciento (en promedio). Mientras que en los condrictios los juveniles representaron valores mayores al 30 por ciento debido a que las tallas de primera madurez de estas especies son mayores. En conclusión, la pesquería del Sector Sur del Partido de la Costa se define como artesanal o de pequeña escala que opera durante todo el año con pescadores residentes de la zona y utilizan una modalidad de pesca con bajo efecto sobre el hábitat, generando un producto que aporta al sistema económico/productivo de la localidad y de la región.
    Description: Bachelors
    Description: Tesis (licenciatura)
    Keywords: Pesca artesanal ; Relevamientos pesqueros ; Rendimiento ; Estadísticas de captura ; Artes de pesca ; Redes de enmalle ; Evaluación de efectivos ; Captura/esfuerzo ; Esfuerzo pesquero ; Distribución por tamaño ; Distribución estacional ; Estructura poblacional ; Relaciones largo-peso ; Disponibilidad comercial ; Cynoscion guatucupa ; Micropogonias furnieri ; Squalus acanthias ; Mustelus schmitti ; Parona signata ; Squatina Guggenheim ; Umbrina canosai ; Urophycis brasiliensis ; Stromateus brasiliensis ; Galeorhinus galeus ; Genidens barbus ; Macrodon ancylodon ; Brevoortia aurea ; Paralichtys spp ; Notorhynchus cepedianus ; Atlantoraja castelnaui ; Myliobatis goodei ; Pomatomus saltatrix ; Pogonias cromis ; Callorhinchus callorynchus ; Prionotus nudigula ; Carcharias taurus ; Triathalassothia argentina ; Menticirrus americanus ; Percophis brasiliensis ; Prionotus punctatus ; Trichiurus lepturus ; Sphyrna zygaena ; Poricthys porissisimus ; Rhinobatos horkelii ; Pescadilla de red ; Corvina rubia ; Tiburón espinoso ; Gatuzo ; Palometa ; Pez ángel ; Pargo ; Brótola ; Pampanito ; Cazón ; Bagre ; Pescadilla real ; Saraca ; Lenguado ; Gatopardo ; Raya pintada ; Chucho ; Anchoa de banco ; Corvina negra ; Pez elefante ; Testolín rojo ; Escalandrún ; Pez sapo ; Burriqueta ; Pez palo ; Testolín azul ; Pez sable ; Tiburón martillo ; Lucerna ; Pez guitarra ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishery surveys ; Yield ; Catch statistics ; Fishing gear ; Gillnets ; Stock assessment ; Catch/effort ; CPUE ; Fishing effort ; Size distribution ; Seasonal distribution ; Population structure ; Length-weight relationships ; Commercial availability ; Marketing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: We evaluated the stocks of Huso huso in the south Caspian Sea along Iranian coasts using data on different population parameters such as length, age, weight, catch and catch per unit effort changes. The study covered data from 1971 to 2003. The stocks and catch rate of H. huso shows a decrease during the last three decades. The recorded catch for the years 1971-1972 was 74 tons with 5.55kg catch per unit effort which was decreased to 38 tons with 0.26kg per unit effort in 2003 in gillnet fishery and the same trend was observed in beach seine fishing. The data shows that during 1990 to 2003, the average length of the fish has increased from 192.8 to 216.2 centimeters and the average weight has improved from 73 kg to 116.3 kg. Age frequency comparison between the catch of the years 1990 and 2003 showed that with time, older age classes replaced the younger ones, hence the increase in the length and weight of the fish. Due to the decrease in the younger fish and the increase in illegal fishing, it is anticipated that the fish stocks will suffer a decrease in future.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Catch/effort ; Huso huso ; Brackish ; Length-weight relationships ; Age composition ; Weight ; Population characteristics ; Length
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.129-142
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Crimson snapper (Lutjanus johni Bloch, 1792) is the most important commercial species in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This species is caught by gillnets in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbas. In the present study, the gillnet with 17 cm stretched mesh size (knot to knot) is used for investigating the selectivity of gillnet used for catching the crimson snapper by length-girth relationships in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbas. Sampling was performed in May and July 2017. The total numbers of 1107 specimens were caught after 210 times of gillnetting. The weight, total standard length and girth of 4 points of body (locations of eyes, operculum, beginning of the dorsal fin and maximum girth) were measured for all specimens. Regression of length-girth, length-weight and selectivity curve were drawn based the data. Results showed that the total length was increased by increasing the body girth and weight of fish. Based on the body girth of two points including branch girth and maximum body girth, the selectivity of gillnet ranged from 62 to 76 cm in which the optimum length was 69 cm that is higher than Lm50. Therefore, it can be concluded that gillnet with 17 cm mesh size is suitable for catching crimson snapper.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lutjanus johni ; Gillnet ; Length-weight relationships ; Length–girth relationships ; Species ; Crimson snapper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.11-18
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: We selected five sampling sites to identify Goby species in the southern Caspian Sea (Guilan province). Results showed that the Goby specimens in this area belong to the genus Neogobius and Benthophilus. Four species from the Neogobius were identified which were as follows: N. caspius, N. fluviatilis, N. melanostomus and N. kessleri. Two species from the genus Benthophilus were identified as B. stellatus and B. ctenolepidus. As for the biological characteristics of the N. caspius, we found that the average total length (TL) of N. caspius samples was 112.98~c19.87mm and their average total weight (TW) was 16.39~c6.21 grams. Age composition of the samples showed the fish were in age groups 1-3 years old with the two years old fish being dominant. Average absolute fecundity was 1031.91~c598 eggs. Food items of the species based on the gut content were from Carididae, Mysidae, Cumacae, Hypaniula, hironomidae, Nematoda, Abra, Gammaridae, Mytilaster, Bivalves and fish. Evidence of carnivore behavior was observed in some specimens. The most frequent food items were Cumacae, Abra, and Gammaridae respectively. The Cumacae was mostly observed in the gut of 1 and 2 years old specimens while Abra was observed mostly in the gut content of 3 years old specimens. Condition factor and feeding rate were highest in the 1 year old class. Fish age increased, other parameters declined. However, again at the age of 3, the parameters showed a slight increase. Relative gut length also increased from 0.97 in the age class 0 super(+) to 1.38 in the age class 3 super(+).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chironomidae ; Benthophilus ctenolepidus ; Neogobius melanostomus ; Gobiidae ; Hypaniula ; Neogobius caspius ; Carididae ; Benthophilus ; Benthophilus stellatus ; Gammaridae ; Mysidae ; Cumacae ; Neogobius kessleri ; Neogobius fluviatilis ; Nematoda ; Brackish ; Length-weight relationships ; Condition factor ; Weight ; Length ; Abra
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.19-28
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Length, age frequency, von Bertalanfi growth parameter, reproduction and absolute fecundity of two populations of killifish (Aphanius sophiae) from Cheshmeh-Ali of Damghan and Shour River of Eshtehard were studied monthly from October 2004 to November 2005. There was no significant difference between sex ratios of the two populations („2.0.679, P=0.410). Age and length frequencies revealed that female fish of Cheshmeh-Ali were taller and longer-lived than those of Shour River. Maximum of Gonadosomatic index of Cheshmeh-Ali fish was in May while in the case of Shour River, it was, in April. The absolute fecundity showed no significant difference using ANCOVA whereas egg diameter of Cheshmeh-Ali population was significantly bigger than Shour River population (P〈0.001).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mixing length ; Aphanius sophiae ; Brackish ; Growth rate ; Length-weight relationships ; Fecundity ; Sex ratio ; Fish eggs ; Reproductive cycle ; Length ; Reproduction ; Frequency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.113-122
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the years 2001 and 2002, two great floods occurred in the Madarsoo River in Golestan National Park, north-east of Iran. To study the effects of these floods, we assessed the age, growth and reproduction of Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Keyserlhng, 1861) in the river from November 2003 to December 2004. Fishes were caught by electroshocker and 1025 specimens were randomly selected from the catch. Growth in length was expressed for both sexes with Von Bertalanffy equation. Growth parameters were estimated as L infinity =249mm, K=0.22 per year and t sub(0)= -0.30 year for males and L infinity =306mm, K=0.21 per year and t sub(0)= -0.38 year for females. The length-weight relationships were described for males as lnW= -4.48 + 3.03 lnTL and as lnW= -4.59+3.0551 lnTL for females which shows a good feeding condition and a positive-isometric growth. Difference of length distribution between males and females is significant and males have lower lengths because this sex matures sooner so its growth is lower than females. Difference of fish length distribution between this study and previous studies on the C.capoeta gracilis of the river is significant and Lenkoran's length shows great decrease in this study as compared to previous studies. Age of the fishes ranged from 1 super( +) to 5 super( +) for males and 2 super( +) to 8 super( +) for females, the dominant age was 2 super( +) and the mean age was calculated as 2.009 ~c0.034. We found that C.capoeta gracilis population had become younger in this study, so we concluded that the floods had made great changes in age and length structure of the fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Floods ; Reproductive cycle ; Size distribution ; Capoeta capoeta ; Growth rate ; Age ; Age composition ; Environmental impact ; Life cycle ; Sexual isolation ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth ; Body weight ; Length ; Body size ; Freshwater ; Growth curves
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.63-74
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present project was aimed at determining the content, quality, and purity of β-carotene extracted from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland, comparing it with synthetic β-carotene, and measuring its economic value. One treatment had β-carotene derived from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland through the alkaline hydrolysis method in the summer of 2014. Treatments were kept at 4 °C for one year. Synthetic β-carotene was used as the control. The quality of the treatments was assessed by applying some chemical tests, including the measurement of the content and quality of β-carotene, colorimetry using the Hunter-LAB method, determination of the purity and vitamin A employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), estimation of the dwell-time duration at 5°C, and measurement of the solubility of β-carotene in water. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to alkaline hydrolysis was11853 mg/kg, in summer was 9935mg/kg, in autumn was 11256 mg/kg and in winter was 11245 mg /kg. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to organic solvent was 8347 mg/kg, in summer was 6648 mg/kg, in autumn was 7543 mg/kg and in winter was 7539 mg/kg. The amount of beta-carotene is extracted using organic solvents and alkaline hydrolysis in the summer compared to other seasons showed a significant reduction (P〈0.05). The amount of beta-carotene in the spring were significantly increased compared to the other seasons (P〈0.05). This factor (organic solvent and alkaline hydrolysis) in autumn and winter showed no significant difference (P〉0.05). The extracted amounts of beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis method in seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter was difference significant (P〈0.05). The results of tests included determining the purity, concentration, colorimetry, compounds soluble vitamins and beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis significant reduction (P〈0.05). During the shelf life of one year at 5°C, these factors had no significant difference between treatments alkaline hydrolysis and organic solvents (P〉0.05). According to the harvesting Azolla of wetland is not requires special equipment and in terms of time a lot of Azolla can be harvested in a short time and also for the extraction of beta-carotene from Azolla Anzali Lagoon is not requires special equipment, too, have no economic value of raw material, does not require special conditions for growing, doubling in three days, Azolla is rich in beta-carotene, beta-carotene extraction of large quantities of small amounts of starting material, the cost of chemical materials, labor, fuel, Laboratory equipment required and the cost of importing small packages beta-carotene, beta-carotene into the country in terms of economic cost compared to the cost of imported Sigma beta carotene is economical. As shown in Table 5 in the samples prepared by alkaline hydrolysis in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was not observed (P〉0.05). But, in samples prepared by organic solvents in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was observed (P〈0.05). According to significant differences between the amount of betacarotene extracted from Azoula wetland compared to other seasons in spring and autumn and winter plant growth in spring Azoula alkaline hydrolysis method for the extraction of beta-carotene wetland and wetland Azolla is recommended.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Technology ; Wild Azoula ; Azola filiculodes ; Natural pigment ; Purity of beta-carotene ; Colorimetric ; HPLC ; Additives
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Investigation on pearl oyster, Pinctada radiate growth and mortality parameters was carried out from September 2001 to October 2002 in west of Lavan Island using scuba diving method. Hinge length (HL) and Dorso-ventral measurement (DVM) relationship was significantly (r super(2)=0.98) linear. Weight and dorso-ventral measurement relationship was shown to be W=0.0004 L super(2.812)(r super(2)=0.98). Asymptotic length (L infinity ) and growth rate (K) were estimated at 98 (mm) and 0.96 y super(-1) respectively. More than 70 percent of the individuals were matured in April 2001. Mortality parameters including natural mortality (M), total mortality (Z) and fishery mortality (F) were estimated to be 1.21y super(-1), 1.68y super(-1) and 0.66y super(-1) respectively. Exploita-tion rate was estimated to be 0.27 in this survey.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pearl oysters ; Pinctada radiata ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Growth ; Exploitation ; Population dynamics ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1-10
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Economical achievement of optimal growth in developing countries may lead to sustainable poverty reduction .Agricultural activities plays an important role in economy and human being welfare which leads to establishment of food security and quality. Aquaculture products in developing countries share 51.4 percent of total agricultural production and 24.7 percent in developed countries. Therefore undoutedly food production by means of quality and quantity has to be increased .The history of shirmp production goes back to 500 years ago. Today 50 countries of the world produce shirmp .In Islamic Republic of Iran shrimp production started since 1992 in the coastal region of persian Gulf. The shrimp culture farms canbe classified in to 4 different categories ; Extensive, semi-extensive , intensive and super instensive. Global ecological manitenanc is one of the major conern of authorities Human manipulation of nature is the most destructive activity. Industrial swage leakage in to the rivers and water sources is a big issue that cause reduction in the aquatic population. Heavey metals has an inhibitory effect in the production and growth of sealife. Human intake of food treated with anti microbial causes allergy , hypersensitivity and develop microbial resistance. Organochlorine compounds contamination may found in hepato pancreatic tissues of aquatic products, Aresnic may transfer to man via plant & animal product contamination . In 1991 during persian gulf war 700 oil well set ablazed. Approximately 50 million tons of crude oil leaked to gulf. Aflatoxins may cause cancer in man. Drug residue investigation for the first time started in 2000 with cooperation of AFSSA food agency france sampling frame according to EEC 96/23 has been designed. One sample per each 100 tons of shrimp selected randomly. Study has conducted in two consequent years (2000-2001) each year 42 sample from shrimp farms collected for laboratory monitoring of group A and B list of drugs, 35.7% and 64.3% respectively for each group. All samples were collected under field condition into a suitable containers for the laboratory analysis of each group. Only one sample is positive to aflatoxin B1 which has been isolated from the muscle of the shrimp samples.All the samples for detection of velexinary drug and residue delection has been conducted according to EU 96/23 directives. For analysis screening test by microbial inhibition test high performance liquid chromatography peformed. Confirmatory tests based on LC/MS utilization to detect different analytes. Mycotoxins detection test is validated and followingly hgih performance liquid chromatography has been used. In conclusion antibiotic and heavy metals results were negative throughout analysis , only one positive sample for aflatoxin B1 has been detected. Estabishment of further investingation for determination of residue in shrimp food is suggested. A and B group druges of all samples were sent to AFSSA france mycotoxin analysis conduted in a private labotory of IR.Iran. the samples were analized according to E.U recommendation screening performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Growth ; HPLC ; Survey ; Mycotoxins ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 166pp.
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  • 84
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Due to importance of the color for caviar quality and its export , in this project it has been attempted to identify elements which yield caviar color . In this respect. Some samples of caviar grade 1A and 1B were taken from A.guldenstadti and A. persicus species and a complementary sample of A. Stellatus Species grade 2 , the caviar pigment amounts were measured through HPLC method. To do this , the required materials were collected Simultaneously, Some Samples were taken from southern coast of the Caspian sea in Golestan Province were taken to food Industry institute Laboratory in Tehran Subjected to Axote gas and under darkness . Only a little amount of A. Guldenstadti Caviar grade 1A sample was gained from cold Storage of Shilat Trading Corp. The tests are done with standards of the of the pigments with high purity Such as B- Carotene Lutein , Astazantin,Etc. The chemical Substances and solvents used were obtained from merk and Fluka Companies. Therefore it was Stated that color variety among avarious caviear grads has a meaningful relationship with the quantities of these pigments in various types of caviar.The quantity of B- caroten , Astaxantin and Lutein Pigments were found to be more in A. Guldenstadti caviar than in A. persicus Caviar ,and similarly they are more in caviar 1 A than in 1B in A. persicus and A. Guldenstadti species. As a result , it could be said that there is a significant relation ship between the amount of the pigments and the light yellowish color of the distinct caviar samples analyzed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pigment ; Extraction ; Acipenser guldenstadti ; A. persicus ; Caviar ; HPLC ; Quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Paralytic Shellfish Poison (Saxitoxin and derivatives) was extracted by HCL method from frozen scallops. The samples were collected from coastal areas of Iwate prefecture- Japan. Toxicity of the samples was determined with mouse bioassay method. Intra-peritoneal injection was done to ddy strain 19-21 grams male mouse, and death time was listed. In conclusion, 33.80, 38.40, 31.20 MU/g (or 777, 883, 718 STX/l00gr) were obtained respectively as the toxicity of the samples of three different sampling areas. The toxicity for the areas was 9.7, 11 and 9 times more than standard level (80STX/100g) and very dangerous for human consumption. The kind of toxin was determined by comparing HPLC graph of sample with standard saxitoxin HPLC graph.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: HPLC ; Human diseases ; Paralytic shellfish poisoning ; Pectinidae ; Bioassays ; Biological poisons ; Toxicity ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.73-80
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  • 86
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    Unknown
    Central Scientific Institute of Fisheries | Moscow, USSR
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Основными данными для работы послужили материалы Азовско-Черноморской Научно-Промысловой Экспедиции и Керченской Ихтиологической Лаборатории (ныне Азовско-Черноморская Научная Рыбохозяйственная Станция, АЧНРС), производивших с 1922 по 1927 г. объединенпые научно-промысловые исследования всего Азовско-Черноморского бассейна под общим руководством Начальника Экспедиции проф. Н. М. Книповича. Первоначально обработка всех собранных материалов по судаку была поручена специалисту Экспедиции А. Я. Недошивину, но впоследствии эта работа была разделена, а в 1927 и 28 гг. изучалась биология судака Кубанского района, а затем и Донского. Материалы Экспедиции состоят из сборов траловых уловов исследовательских судов Экспедиции, сборов всех наблюдательных пунктов всего района исследований, за исключением Кубани, а также из дневников наблюдательных пунктов. Сборы материала производились по общепринятой программе биологического анализа уловов (измерения длины, взвешивания, сбор возрастного материала, материала по плодовитости и по питанию). Недостатки и достоинства экспедиционного метода исследования отразились на материале по судаку: широкий охват района за короткий срок, многочисленность мест наблюдения и неизбежно связанные с этим, из-за нехватки работников, недостаточность измерений и неполнота наблюдений в течение года. По судаку, идущему в Дон, кроме сырых материалов Экспедиции, использованы сводки в работах Недошивина (30, 37) и Телегина (45), при чем, в виду однородности данных, имевшихся в первоисточнике (дневники), в некоторых случаях литературные ссылки па указанных авторов не делались. Материал по судаку Кубанского района в годы работ Экспедиции собирался на наблюдательных пунктах Керченской Ихтиологической Лаборатории по программе объединенных с Экспедицией работ и был передан Экспедиции, согласно общему плану обработки всех собранных материалов. Кроме того, в дополнение к этим материалам, Азовско-Черноморской Научной Рыбохозяйственной Станцией были предоставлены неопубликованные данные за последующие годы, полученные в Наркомземе РСФСР. По установившейся в последнем десятилетии традиции, ихтиологические работы, обычно, оказываются перегруженными математическими вычислениями, во многих случаях не вызываемыми практической необходимостью и имеющими очень часто лишь внешнюю видимость большой точности. Это увлечение вычислениями вызывает последнее время справедливое нарекание ряда исследователей, нашедшее выражение в статьях Аверинцева (1) и Мейснера (26). В работе математические расчеты использовались преимущественно лишь в такой степени, в какой они действительно отвечают фактическим целям. Поэтому, в тех случаях, где результаты определялись одним средним арифметическим (М) и крайними величинами — другие вариационно-статистические величины (σ, ш) не вычислялась. Вычисления все время велись с точностью, не превышающей 2-х десятичных знаков. Что касается вычисления процентов возрастного и полового состава уловов, то бралась точность лишь до 1 целой единицы. Большая точность является нереальной, т. к. вычисления велись по имеющимся относительно небольшим пробам, и при перенесении выводов на весь улов неизбежно некоторое изменение процентных соотношений.
    Description: Das Hauptmaterial für den vorliegenden Aufsatz über die Biologie des Zanders vom Bassin des Asowschen Meeres haben die Beobachtungen und Fänge der im Laufe der Jahre 1922—26 tätigen Wissenschaftlichen Fischerei-Expedition im Asowschen und Schwarzen Meer geliefert; nachträglich wurde dasselbe auch durch die von der Wissenschaftlichen Fischerei-Station am Asowschen und Schwarzen Meere erhaltenen Ergebnisse ergänzt. Im Ganzen umfassen die hierzu benutzten Angaben den Zeitraum vom Jahre 1922 bis zum 1929. Der Zander ist als Hauptobjekt der Fischerei im Asowschen Bassin zu betrachten und macht ungefähr 50% des lokalen Gesamtfanges aus. Im Jahre 1929 betrug der gesamte jährliche Ertrag 772,3 Tausend Ztn., darunter der des Zandersfangs 397,7 Tausend Ztn. Der Zander des Asowschen Meeres gehört der Gruppe der im Bassin der südrussischen Meere vorkommenden Wander-Zander ') an, die mehr als 90 % vom gesamten Ertrage der sowjetischen Zanderfischerei ausmachen (darunter sowohl die Halbwander-als""auch die Süsswasserformen mitbegriffen). Vom Kaspischen Zander und dem von der Wolga lässt sich der Asowsche Zander dadurch unterscheiden, dass bei ihm die im Meere hingebrachte Lebensperiode überwiegend ist, da er im Verlauf der Wachstumsperiode, vor der Entwicklung der Geschlechtsprodukten, und dann auch während des Mästens in den brackischen Gewässern des Asowschen Meeres verweilt, wobei auch nicht minder als 50 % von dieser Form den Winter im Meere zubringen, während der Wolgazander zum Ueberwintern beinahe völlig in den Fluss hineinzuwandern pflegt. Der Zander hält sich vorwiegend in der östichen Hälfte des Asowschen Meeres und in dem Golf von Taganrog auf, die unter dem unmittelbaren Einfluss der beiden grossen Flüsse, des Dons und der Kubanj stehen, deren alljährigen Ueberschwemmungen ausgesetzte Ufer und Nebengewässer vom Zander, als bevorzugte Laichplätze, aufgesucht werden. Dieser Teil des Asowschen Meeres zeichnet sich durch geringsten Salzgehalt aus und enthält höchst produktive Gebiete, welche die kleinen Fische, von denen der Zander sich zu ernähren pflegt, in grossen Massen heranziehen. · In der westlichen Hälfte ist der Zander nur sporadischerweise und spärlich vertreten. Die Verbreitung des Zanders im Asowschen Meer wird durch eine schematische Karte (S.8—9) illustriert. Beim Entwerfen dieser Karte wurden insbesondere Sommer-und Herbstperioden in Betracht gezogen. Auf ihr ist die Verteilung des Zanders während der Ernährung dargestellt. Abgefasst wurde sie auf Grundlage der von der Expedition ausgeführten zahlreichen Trawlfänge. Durch Längsschraffierung werden die Plätze der Massenanhäufungen der Zander, durch Querschraffierung die der geringeren Ansammlungen bezeichnet; punktierte Linien deuten die Meeresgebiete an, wo der Zander nur in kleiner Anzahl und sporadisch vorkommt.
    Description: The main data were collected in the Azov and Black Seas Fishery Expedition and Kerch Ichthyologic Laboratory, carrying out combined research in 1922-1927 in the Azov and Black Seas Basin under the guidance of N.M. Knipovich. In 1927-1928 biology of the pike perch was studied in the Kuban River area, later on - in the Don River area. The materials were taken from the trawl catches of the expedition research vessels, from the observation points and logbooks of the researchers. The samples were biologically analyzed (length, weight, fecundity, nutrition, and age composition).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Historical account ; Expedition reports ; Fish catch statistics ; Biological properties ; Pike perch ; Spawning sites ; Trawl catches ; Food organisms ; Length-weight relationships ; Sex ratio ; Females ; Seasonal variations ; Food composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings , Not Known
    Format: 187pp.
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to study concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater from Bushehr coast and for comparison with available guidelines samples of seawater were collected from five different stations along the Bushehr coast in August and February 2011. PAHs were extracted by Hexane solvent and analyzed using HPLC system (Knauer). Results showed that tPAHs concentration in seawater were 31.0, 20.8, 4.0, 17.6 and 12.3 µg l-1, in August and 38.4, 23.0, 5.4, 19.3 and 17.2 µg l-1 in February respectively, at stations Rafael, Sheghab, Abshirinkon, Lian and Helyleh. The concentrations of tPAHs in the seawater were not significantly different during August and February (P〉0.05). Significant difference was observed between tPAHs concentration between the stations (P〈0.05). The tPAHs concentration was maximum in Rafael and its minimum was found in Abshirinkon., The tPAHs concentration in Bushehr area was relatively higher compared to other locations of the world. Even though concentrations of anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene were above the Canadian Environment Guidance, the carcinogenic compounds appeared in lower concentrations than the non-carcinogenic PAHs. Since Bushehr coastal waters is contaminated by PAHs, precise monitoring and control of oil discharge into the coastal waters as well as reduction of urban effluents input should be undertaken. Meanwhile the continuous monitoring of PAHs compounds in the area is recommended.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Concentration ; Polycyclic ; Hydrocarbon ; Coastal waters ; HPLC ; tPAHs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.58-67
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Environmentally extended multiregional input-output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3 - a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply-use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Combined heat and power (CHP) production in buildings is one of the mitigation options available for achieving a considerable decrease in GHG emissions. Micro-CHP (mCHP) fuel cells are capable of cogenerating electricity and heat very efficiently on a decentralised basis. Although they offer clear environmental benefits and have the potential to create a systemic change in energy provision, the diffusion of mCHP fuel cells is rather slow. There are numerous potential drivers for the successful diffusion of fuel cell cogeneration units, but key economic actors are often unaware of them. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of barriers, drivers and business opportunities surrounding micro-CHP fuel-cell units (up to 5 kWel) in the German building market. Business opportunities have been identified based not only on quantitative data for drivers and barriers, but also on discussions with relevant stakeholders such as housing associations, which are key institutional demand-side actors. These business opportunities include fuel cell contracting as well as the development of a large lighthouse project to demonstrate the climate-neutral, efficient use of fuel cells in the residential building sector. The next step could involve the examination and development of more detailed options and business models. The approach and methods used in the survey may be applied on a larger scale and in other sectors.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: The global energy system is undergoing a major transition, and in energy planning and decision-making across governments, industry and academia, models play a crucial role. Because of their policy relevance and contested nature, the transparency and open availability of energy models and data are of particular importance. Here we provide a practical how-to guide based on the collective experience of members of the Open Energy Modelling Initiative (Openmod). We discuss key steps to consider when opening code and data, including determining intellectual property ownership, choosing a licence and appropriate modelling languages, distributing code and data, and providing support and building communities. After illustrating these decisions with examples and lessons learned from the community, we conclude that even though individual researchers' choices are important, institutional changes are still also necessary for more openness and transparency in energy research.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Access to clean and affordable modern energy services has been widely recognised as a significant factor for enabling social and economic development. Stand-alone systems and mini-grids are presumed to play an important role in the provision of sustainable energy to those people who currently lack access. Accordingly, an increasing number of small-scale energy projects are being implemented in developing countries and emerging economies. However, despite the large number of energy development projects, only limited evidence exists about the actual contribution they make to sustainable development. This paper addresses this research gap by providing a systematic assessment of three selected impact pathways based on the evaluation of over 30 small-scale sustainable energy projects. Applying a theory-based evaluation approach in the form of a contribution analysis, the aim of this research is to better understand if and how these types of technical interventions can create development outcomes and impacts. The results show that technological issues are often not the most decisive factor in achieving development effects, but that embedding the technology in a set of actions that address social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects is essential.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Against the background of an often wasteful use of natural resources, the European Union has made resource efficiency a top policy priority. Policy formulation is, however, at a very early stage in many Member States, with often vague notions of what resource efficiency means, characterised by fragmented instruments and overlapping competencies. This paper develops a conceptual framework for defining, assessing and developing resource efficiency policy mixes. It argues that a mix of policies and instruments is best suited to overcoming the complex challenges of the 21st Century. Such a mix addresses multiple resource domains at a strategic, high level and contains interacting instruments targeting multiple actors, levels of governance and sectors and life-cycle stages of resource use. This paper looks at criteria for effective resource efficiency policy instruments, presents both an indicative policy mix across 9 policy domains and case studies (on environmental harmful subsidies, supply chain efficiency in food systems and product-service systems) and identifies key challenges to overcome trade-offs in instrument design, maximise synergies, reduce conflicts, promote coherence, coordinate activities and move from theory to practice. Research needs are discussed regarding who shall devise, implement, and coordinate such a policy mix, considering negotiating power, timing and complexity.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Transition modelling is an emerging but growing niche within the broader field of sustainability transitions research. The objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics of this niche in relation to a range of existing modelling approaches and literatures with which it shares commonalities or from which it could draw. We distil a number of key aspects we think a transitions model should be able to address, from a broadly acknowledged, empirical list of transition characteristics. We review some of the main strands in modelling of socio-technological change with regards to their ability to address these characteristics. These are: Eco-innovation literatures (energy-economy models and Integrated Assessment Models), evolutionary economics, complex systems models, computational social science simulations using agent based models, system dynamics models and socio-ecological systems models. The modelling approaches reviewed can address many of the features that differentiate sustainability transitions from other socio-economic dynamics or innovations. The most problematic features are the representation of qualitatively different system states and of the normative aspects of change. The comparison provides transition researchers with a starting point for their choice of a modelling approach, whose characteristics should correspond to the characteristics of the research question they face. A promising line of research is to develop innovative models of co-evolution of behaviours and technologies towards sustainability, involving change in the structure of the societal and technical systems.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus is increasingly recognised as a conceptual framework able to support the efficient implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite growing attention paid to the WEF nexus, the role that renewable energies can play in addressing trade-offs and realising synergies has received limited attention. Until now, the focus of WEF nexus discussions and applications has mainly been on national or global levels, macro-level drivers, material flows and large infrastructure developments. This overlooks the fact that major nexus challenges are faced at local level. Aiming to address these knowledge gaps, the authors conduct a systematic analysis of the linkages between small-scale energy projects in developing countries and the food and water aspects of development. The analysis is based on empirical data from continuous process and impact evaluations complemented by secondary data and relevant literature. The study provides initial insights into how to identify interconnections and the potential benefits of integrating the nexus pillars into local level projects in the global south. The study identifies the complex links which exist between sustainable energy projects and the food and water sectors and highlights that these needs are currently not systematically integrated into project design or project evaluation. A more systematic approach, integrating the water and food pillars into energy planning at local level in the global south, is recommended to avoid trade-offs and enhance the development outcomes and impacts of energy projects.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the Europ. Union
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: The Paris Agreement calls on all nations to pursue efforts to contribute to limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. However, due to limited global, regional and country-specific analysis of highly ambitious GHG mitigation pathways, there is currently a lack of knowledge about the transformational changes needed in the coming decades to reach this target. Through a meta-analysis of mitigation scenarios for Germany, this article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of the changes needed in the energy system of an industrialized country. Differentiation among six key long-term energy system decarbonization strategies is suggested, and an analysis is presented of how these strategies will be pursued until 2050 in selected technologically detailed energy scenarios for Germany. The findings show, that certain strategies, including the widespread use of electricity-derived synthetic fuels in end-use sectors as well as behavioral changes, are typically applied to a greater extent in mitigation scenarios aiming at high GHG emission reductions compared to more moderate mitigation scenarios. The analysis also highlights that the pace of historical changes observed in Germany between 2000 and 2015 is clearly insufficient to adequately contribute to not only the 1.5 °C target, but also the 2 °C long-term global target.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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