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  • Articles  (235)
  • Open Access-Papers  (235)
  • Planície de inundação  (133)
  • ddc:600  (102)
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  • Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.  (133)
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie  (87)
  • Stockholm : Europ. Council for an Energy Efficient Economy  (11)
  • Kiel : CentMa, Internat. Center for Management, Communication and Research  (4)
  • 2015-2019  (235)
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  • Open Access-Papers  (235)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Was hat Design mit Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit zu tun? Die globale Erwärmung und der Klimawandel lassen sich auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückführen. Design, das die Umwelt außen vor lässt, ist einer der Gründe. Viele Produkte und Dienstleistungen verbrauchen nämlich viel Energie und Ressourcen haben auch eine hohe soziale Relevanz - sie sorgen beispielsweise für Teilhabe oder Exklusion. Wie eine Transformation hin zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit in diesem Bereich besser gelingt, fasst der neue "Transition Design Guide" des Wuppertal Instituts und der Folkwang Universität der Künste in Kooperation mit der ecosign - Akademie für Gestaltung Köln und der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal zusammen. Der Leitfaden gibt interessierten Gestaltenden, Entwickelnden, Transformatorinnen und Transformatoren sowie Forschenden in Universitäten, Unternehmen und Kommunen 16 Praxis-Werkzeuge an die Hand, um Produkte, Dienstleistungen, soziale Räume oder andere Erfahrungswelten nachhaltiger und umweltbewusster zu entwerfen. Anhand der Arbeitsblätter lassen sich gestalterische Ideen und Konzepte auf ihre Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale untersuchen und weiterentwickeln. Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte werden dabei mit den Methoden und Arbeitsschritten eines klassischen Designprozesses zusammengeführt. Ausführliche Hintergrundinformationen ergänzen die Themen der Tools inhaltlich.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Aufgrund der perspektivisch insbesondere mit dem benötigten weiteren Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien verbundenen weiter zunehmenden Auswirkungen der Energiesystemtransformation auf Landschaft und Ökosysteme erscheint es angemessen, dass Politik und Gesellschaft die Naturverträglichkeit der Energiewende bzw. ihrer konkreten Ausgestaltung stärker in den Blick nehmen als bisher. Denn eine angemessene Berücksichtigung und darauf aufbauende weitest mögliche Minderung der negativen Einflüsse von Energiewende-Maßnahmen auf die Natur ist aus verschiedenen Gründen von Bedeutung: Zum einen ist die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz für das Gelingen der Energiewende entscheidend und eine weitgehend naturverträgliche Ausgestaltung der Energiewende kann diese Akzeptanz befördern. Zum anderen sind intakte Ökosysteme für das menschliche Wohlergehen von hoher Bedeutung und es kann darüberhinaus argumentiert werden, dass ihnen unabhängig vom Wert für den Menschen auch ein intrinsischer Wert zugesprochen werden sollte. (Zusätzliche) Ökosystemstörungen sollten folglich so weit wie möglich vermieden werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat der Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. das Wuppertal Institut beauftragt, in dem vorliegenden Bericht mögliche Maßnahmen zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben, die sowohl wesentliche Beiträge zur Erreichung der Ziele der Energiewende leisten können, deren Umsetzung gleichzeitig aber nach derzeitigem Wissensstand keine oder nur geringe negative Auswirkungen auf die Natur hätte. Der Bericht soll dabei helfen, die Aufmerksamkeit auf gegenwärtig nicht ausgeschöpfte, von der Energiepolitik und auch von vielen vorliegenden Energiewende-Studien nicht oder wenig beachtete aber wahrscheinlich naturschutzgerechtere Klimaschutzoptionen zu richten und diese Optionen besser zu verstehen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Studie untersucht Notwendigkeiten und Möglichkeiten, Wasserstoff und Strom zu nutzen, um den Verkehrssektor in Deutschland perspektivisch zu dekarbonisieren. Basis der Untersuchung ist das Dekarbonisierungsszenario des Wuppertal Instituts von 2017, welches den Verkehrssektor Deutschlands unter der Maßgabe dekarbonisiert, dass Deutschland einen adäquaten Beitrag dazu leistet, den Klimawandel auf 1,5 °C mittlere Temperaturerhöhung gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Zeitalter zu begrenzen. Das Dekarbonisierungsszenario nimmt eine ambitionierte Verkehrswende an, um dieses Politikziel zu erreichen. Es zeichnet sich durch eine besonders effiziente Mobilität aus, indem es umfangreiche Vermeidungs- und Verlagerungsmaßnahmen vorsieht und dadurch der Energieverbrauch besonders gering bleiben kann. Dennoch werden selbst in diesem Klimaschutzszenario signifikante Mengen erneuerbaren Stroms für den Verkehrssektor benötigt. Es findet eine möglichst "direkte Elektrifizierung" statt, also ein Strombezug von batterie-elektrischen Pkw aus dem Netz, sowie über Oberleitungen für die Schiene und für große Lkw auf Bundesautobahnen. Es ist aber auch eine "indirekte Elektrifizierung" nötig, indem aus erneuerbarem Strom unter der Hinnahme von Wirkungsgradverlusten Wasserstoff (H2) und als Folgeprodukt auch synthetische Kraftstoffe hergestellt werden. Diese strombasierten Produkte werden im Dekarbonisierungsszenario für große Pkw und Lkw verwendet. Die vorliegende Studie berechnet zusätzlich den H2- bzw. PtX-Bedarf des internationalen Flug- und Seeverkehrs. Sie bestimmt außerdem das Lastprofil für eine ungesteuerte Ladung von Elektro-Pkw im Zieljahr. Die Berechnungen verdeutlichen, dass die Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors in Zukunft sehr viel stärker mit dem Stromsystem wechselwirkt. Für Klimaschutz im Verkehr bedarf es neben einer drastischen Energieverbrauchssenkung und einem beschleunigten Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien auch die Infrastruktur für Strom und strombasierte Produkte.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Im Forschungsprojekt "Landscaping" untersuchte das Wuppertal Institut die für Nordrhein-Westfalen aus heutiger Sicht denkbaren Technologieansätze, die dafür nötigen politischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie mögliche Innovationen entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten. Bestandteil des Berichts sind Steckbriefe, in denen die möglichen Technologien für treibhausgasneutrale Industrieprozesse samt offener Forschungsfragen und Infrastrukturbedarfe dargestellt sind. Das Projekt entstand im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In the context of the German-Korean Energy Policy Dialogue, integration of renewable power sources and smart grids have been identified as topics with high relevance. This study aims to support mutual learning and exploration of new fields for collaboration by identifying similarities and differences in the respective status quos, strategies and policies in both countries. After a short introduction to the South Korean energy situation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the South Korean power market, its situation regarding renewable power sources and the Korean definition of smart grids. Chapter 3 of this study highlights the major South Korean energy strategies and regulatory frameworks relevant to integration of renewable energies and smart grids. In Chapter 4, the status and perspectives of renewable energy sources integration and smart grids in South Korea are discussed, presenting various demonstrative examples, new business models and the current situation of technology deployment. Chapter 5 puts South Korea in the global context and compares it to Germany. Finally, Chapter 6 draws conclusions and presents recommendations on suitable areas for mutual learning.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Zur Realisierung der europäischen Klimaschutzziele muss der Industriesektor, besonders die energieintensive Grundstoffindustrie, seine Treibhausgasemissionen stark reduzieren. Obwohl in der Vergangenheit bereits große Fortschritte erzielt wurden, sind in Zukunft weitere, teils bahnbrechende Innovationen und der Aufbau der dafür benötigten Infrastruktur erforderlich. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts stellt das Wuppertal Institut für die "European Climate Foundation" den aktuellen Wissensstand zum Thema zusammen, diskutiert diesen vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Situation für Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW), erstellt konsistente mögliche Zukunftsszenarien für NRW und leitet Schlüsselfragen und weiteren Forschungsbedarf für die Region ab.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Ziel dieses Teilvorhabens innerhalb des FlexGeber-Projektes war die Initiierung und Begleitung eines Prozesses zur Identifikation und (idealerweise späteren) Realisierung von Effizienz-, Erneuerbaren- und Flexibilitätspotenzialen in den Industriebetrieben Taifun-Tofu GmbH (Lebensmittel) und Hermann Peter KG (Baustoffe). Dazu haben die Forschenden jeweils in einem Workshop relevante Akteure zusammengebracht und Wissen zur Bestimmung und Bewertung von Flexibilitäten aus technischer, rechtlich-politischer sowie strukturell-organisatorischer Sicht erarbeitet und vermittelt. Gemeinsam klärten sie, welche Informationen in welchem Format für Unternehmen erforderlich und relevant sind, um Flexibilitätsoptionen identifizieren und umsetzen zu können. Insgesamt gliedert sich die methodische Vorgehensweise in vier zentrale Arbeitsschritte: Vor-Ort-Begehungen bei den Reallaboren, Identifikation technischer Hotspots, Akteursworkshop sowie abschließende Auswertung. Der vorliegende Teilbericht dokumentiert diesen Prozess und fokussiert auf die Identifikation von möglichen Effizienz-, Erneuerbaren- und Flexibilitätsoptionen und der Erfassung von Hemmnissen, die einer Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Erschließung der Potenziale bei den Praxispartnern entgegenstehen. Da die Workshops vornehmlich auf die Unternehmen Taifun-Tofu und Hermann Peter ausgerichtet waren, fokussiert dieser Bericht auf Hemmnisse, die diese Unternehmen bzw. Unternehmen dieser Branchen betreffen. Darüber hinaus ist ein Kapitel zu Hemmnissen, die sich aus dem Demonstrationsvorhaben des Fraunhofer ISE-Campus (Ausbau des Kältenetzes und Installation von Kältespeichern) ableiten, ist in diesem Bericht enthalten.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Im Rahmen des Forschungsclusters "Transformation Industrieller Infrastrukturen" des Virtuellen Instituts "Transformation - Energiewende NRW" haben sich Helena Mölter, Georg Kobiela, Daniel Vallentin und Timon Wehnert vom Wuppertal Institut mit Formaten zur Unterstützung von Transformations- und Innovationsprozessen in Unternehmen beschäftigt. Die Energiewende stellt nicht nur eine Herausforderung für Unternehmen dar, sondern bietet auch die Möglichkeit, zu Vorreitern der Dekarbonisierung zu werden. CO2-arme Produkte, Produktionsprozesse und Geschäftsmodelle können die Konkurrenzfähigkeit stärken. Doch was können Unternehmen tun, um die notwendigen Innovationen - auch in Kooperationen mit anderen - voranzutreiben? Dieser Frage nehmen sich die Autorinnen und Autoren in ihrer Studie an.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Heat integration and industrial symbiosis have been identified as key strategies to foster energy efficient and low carbon manufacturing industries (see e.g. contribution of Working Group III in IPCC's 5th assessment report). As energy efficiency potentials through horizontal and vertical integration are highly specific by site and technology they are often not explicitly reflected in national energy strategies and GHG emission scenarios. One of the reasons is that the energy models used to formulate such macro-level scenarios lack either the necessary high technical or the spatial micro-level resolution or both. Due to this lack of adequate tools the assumed huge existing potentials for energy efficiency in the energy intensive industry cannot be appropriately appreciated by national or EU level policies. Due to this background our paper describes a recent approach for a combined micro-macro energy model for selected manufacturing industries. It combines national level technical scenario modelling with a micro-modelling approach analogous to total site analysis (TSA), a methodology used by companies to analyse energy integration potentials on the level of production sites. Current spatial structures are reproduced with capacity, technical and energy efficiency data on the level of single facilities (e.g. blast furnaces) using ETS data and other sources. Based on this, both, the investments in specific technologies and in production sites are modelled and the evolvement of future structures of (interconnected) industry sites are explored in scenarios under different conditions and with different objectives (microeconomic vs. energy efficiency optimization). We further present a preliminary scenario that explores the relevance of these potentials and developments for the German steel industry.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is home to important clusters of energy-intensive basic materials industries. 15% of the EU's primary steel as well as 15% of high-value base chemicals are produced here. Together with refinery fuels, cement, lime and paper production (also overrepresented in NRW) these are the most carbon-intensive production processes of the industrial metabolism. To achieve the ambitious regional and national climate goals without relocating these clusters, carbon-neutral production will have to become standard by mid-century. We develop and evaluate three conceptual long-term scenarios towards carbon-neutral industry systems for NRW for 2050 and beyond: * a first scenario depending on carbon capture and storage or use for heavy industries (iCCS), * a second scenario sketching the direct electrification of industrial processes (and transport) and * a third scenario relying on the import of low carbon energies (e.g. biomass, and synthetic fuels (like methanol) for the use in industries and transport. All scenarios share the assumption that electricity generation will be CO2-neutral by 2050. For all three scenarios energy efficiency, primary energy demand for energy services and feedstock as well as the carbon balance are quantified. We apply a spatial-explicit analysis of production sites to allow for discussion of infrastructure re-use and net investment needs. Possible symbiotic relations between sectors are also included. The robustness of the three conceptualised future carbon-neutral industry systems is then analysed using a multi-criteria approach, including e.g. energy security issues and lock-ins on the way to 2050.
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Language: German
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Teilbericht 4 beschreibt eine multikriterielle, transparente und für Entscheider handhabbare Methode, mit der transparente Entscheidungen über die Förderung vielversprechender Demonstrations- und Modellvorhaben in der anwendungsnahen Forschung ermöglichen werden. Für Fördermittelgeber bietet die Methode eine orientierende Hilfestellung für in der Regel in diesem Kontext notwendigen Einzelfallentscheidungen. Die Methodik wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens "Technologien für die Energiewende" entwickelt. Teil A enthält die Anforderung und die Methodik.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Modellierungs-Studie "Reparaturkosten-Empfehlung" wurde vom Wuppertal Institut im Auftrag der Verbraucherzentrale Nordrhein-Westfalen erstellt. Die Studie zielt auf die Berechnung von maximalen Reparaturkosten, die für eine Reparatur aus finanzieller Sicht sinnvoll für Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher sind. Zusätzlich wird die ökologische Vorteilhaftigkeit von Reparaturen beispielhaft diskutiert.
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  • 22
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: There is an increasing pressure that enhanced and novel energy technologies are swiftly adopted by the market to ensure meeting the energy and climate targets. An important issue with such novel developments is their risk to be stuck in the "valley of death", i.e. that their transition to the market is delayed or unsuccessful. Publicly supported demonstration projects could help to bridge the valley of death by reducing barriers to the adoption caused by missing information and perceived risks. A challenge for technology demonstrations in the industrial context is their often high investments that are required to prove their real-world benefits. Given the magnitude of such investments, it becomes crucial that public funding focuses on the most promising demonstration proposals. Structured evaluation processes can help to facilitate the identification of promising proposals and to improve the quality and transparency of decisions. This paper deals with a corresponding multi-staged multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) suggested to the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. It deals with the evaluation of demonstration proposals across three stages: The first stage represents a filtering stage to identify those proposals relevant for further considerations. The second stage comprises a multi-criteria scoring method drawing on an evaluation against nineteen criteria. The final third stage serves to critically review the need for public funding of well-scored proposals. This contribution outlines the development of the DSS and its design and thus provides insights on proposal evaluating in energy research.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Teilbericht 4 beschreibt eine multikriterielle, transparente und für Entscheider handhabbare Methode, mit der transparente Entscheidungen über die Förderung vielversprechender Demonstrations- und Modellvorhaben in der anwendungsnahen Forschung ermöglichen werden. Für Fördermittelgeber bietet die Methode eine orientierende Hilfestellung für in der Regel in diesem Kontext notwendigen Einzelfallentscheidungen. Die Methodik wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens "Technologien für die Energiewende" entwickelt. Teil B stellt einen Leitfaden zur Durchführung der Methode bereit.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Nach den G7-Beschlüssen von Elmau und dem Klimaabkommen von Paris im Jahr 2015 ist das Thema der langfristigen Dekarbonisierung der Energiesysteme der Industrieländer in den Vordergrund der politischen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion gerückt. Japan und Deutschland stehen als führende Industrienationen vor ähnlichen Herausforderungen, gleichzeitig können sich aber auch für beide Länder wirtschaftliche Entwicklungschancen aus der Dekarbonisierung ergeben. Aus diesem Grund bietet sich eine verstärkte Kooperation und die Initiierung gegenseitiger Lernprozesse besonders an. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse ambitionierter Klimaschutzszenarien für Japan und Deutschland stellt mit der Diskussion von langfristigen Dekarbonisierungsstrategien in beiden Ländern einen ersten Schritt in diese Richtung dar. Die quantitative Analyse hat gezeigt, dass die Untersuchungsschwerpunkte der Szenarien - sowohl für Deutschland als auch für Japan - vielfach auf den THG-Emissionen des Energiesystems liegen. Die THG-Emissionen anderer Sektoren werden seltener und wenn, dann oft in geringerer Detailtiefe berücksichtigt. Der Vergleich von ambitionierten Dekarbonisierungsszenarien mit THG-Minderungszielen von 80 bis 100 Prozent zeigt in vielen Bereichen für Japan und Deutschland tendenziell recht ähnliche Entwicklungen und Strategien auf. Es wird deutlich, dass in beiden Ländern erhebliche Änderungen insbesondere im Energiesystem notwendig sind, um die anvisierten mittel- und langfristigen THG-Minderungsziele zu erreichen. Es werden ähnliche Annahmen zu Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Wirtschaftsentwicklung getroffen und es werden vergleichbare Entwicklungstrends bei vielen Ausprägungen des Energiesystems deutlich. Unterschiede zwischen den deutschen und japanischen Szenarien sowie zwischen den Szenarien der einzelnen Länder bestehen hingegen vor allem in Bezug auf Geschwindigkeit, Umfang und die Zusammensetzung der Strategieelemente.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Renewable energy plays a key role in the sustainable pathway towards a low carbon future and, despite new supply capacities, the transformation of the energy system also requires the adoption of a method which allows for the integration of increasing amounts of renewable energy. This requires a transition to more flexible processes at an industrial level and demand side management (DSM) is one possible way of achieving this transition. Currently, increased shares of variable renewable energy can cause the electricity supply to become more volatile and result in changes to the electricity market. In order to develop a new dynamic equilibrium to balance supply and demand, sufficient flexibility in demand is required. As adequate storage systems are not available in the short to medium term, the potential for large electricity consumers to operate flexibly is an attractive, pragmatic and feasible option. Recent studies in Germany suggest that there is significant potential for DSM in so-called "energy-intensive industries". However, the figures (which fall in the approximate range of 1,250-2,750 MW positive and 400-1,300 MW negative shiftable load) should be interpreted with caution. The range of industrial processes considered are diverse and vary from plant to plant, with the result that it is difficult to provide accurate calculations of the accumulated potential for Germany or the EU as a whole. Based on extensive surveys and panel discussions with representatives from energy-intensive industries (aluminum, cement, chemicals, iron & steel, pulp & paper), which together account for approximately one third of the industrial electricity demand in Germany, our paper provides an overview of both the opportunities and the barriers faced by DSM. One of the key findings is the possible loss in energy efficiency due to DSM: in order to decrease or increase production depending on the stability needs of the electricity system, plants and processes may no longer operate at their optimum levels. The effects on downstream production must also be taken into account in order to gain a more complete understanding of the overall effects of industrial DSM.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Converting electricity into heat offers the opportunity to make of use large scales of renewable (surplus) energy in the long run in order to reduce shut-downs of renewable power plants and to substitute fossil fuels. Electrification seems to be also very promising for industrial heat applications, as it enables high process temperatures to be achieved in a tailor-made and efficient way and enables the utilisation of other energy sources like waste heat, geothermal or ambient heat (via heat pumps). This article analyses theoretical and technical electrification potentials of Steam Generation and Other Process Heat Generation in the following energy-intensive branches: iron & steel, non-ferrous metal, iron foundries, refineries, base chemicals, glass, cement clinker and paper industry in Germany. Literature research, expert interviews as well as own modelling were conducted to determine potentials and their implementation barriers. Based on these methods, market potential to electrify industrial steam generation was estimated. On the basis of two climate protection scenarios, the effects of both a monovalent and a hybrid industrial power-to-heat strategy were quantified with regard to greenhouse gas reduction and energy efficiency (primary energy saving). The pathway towards electrification will be reflected by criteria such as path dependency, dependency of infrastructure and system compatibility. Recommendations for research and development as well as policies are derived from the overall analysis. The article shows that electrification can be an important option to achieving high CO2-savings in the industrial heating sector in a long-term perspective. However, the scenario calculations show that electrification does not in itself guarantee reduction of greenhouse gases or savings of primary energy. To reach these goals, it is essential to further develop industrial heat pumps and to map electrification and further development of renewable energy (including infrastructure such as power networks and storage facilities) in a concerted strategy.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Teilbericht 3 enthält die Ergebnisse der Innovationslückenanalyse, die im Forschungsvorhaben "Technologien für die Energiewende" durchgeführt wurde. In ihr wurde analysiert, für welche Ziele der Energiewende durch den Einsatz von heute bereits verfügbaren beziehungsweise in Entwicklung befindlichen Technologien ein ausreichender Abdeckungsgrad zu erwarten ist. Diese Analyse deckt aber auch auf, an welcher Stelle vermutlich Lücken bestehen, die perspektivisch durch die Entwicklung geeigneter Technologien gefüllt werden können.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die voranschreitende Umstellung des Energiesystems von einer "additiven Rolle" regenerativer Energien hin zu deren Dominanz wirft zahlreiche Fragestelllungen auf, für deren Beantwortung in zunehmendem Maße Modellierungsansätze gewählt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist in den letzten Jahren eine große Anzahl von modellbasierten Szenarioanalysen des deutschen Energiesystems entstanden. Da sie zum Teil sehr unterschiedliche Ergebnisse erzielen, die nur schwer miteinander vergleichbar sind, erschwert dies die Weiterentwicklung des Zukunftswissens zur Energiewende und auch die gegenseitige Qualitätssicherung der Ergebnisse. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das Wuppertal Institut zusammen mit den Partnern Fraunhofer ISE und DLR das RegMex-Projekt durchgeführt. Ziel des Projektes war zum einen die inhaltliche Weiterentwicklung der Diskussion zur Ausgestaltung der Energiewende. Zum anderen sollte durch den Modellvergleich eine höhere Transparenz der teilnehmenden Modelle erreicht werden, um die Implikationen und Auswirkungen verschiedener Modellansätze besser differenzierten zu können. Im Modellexperiment 1 wurden für zwei Szenarien (Zielszenario und Ambitioniertes Szenario) das Gesamtsystem mit Hilfe von drei Energiesystemmodellen und im Modellexperiment 2 das Stromsystem und flexible Sektorenkopplung mit Hilfe von vier Stromsystemmodellen modelliert. In einem weiteren Arbeitspaket wurden "Disruptive Elemente" identifiziert und analysiert, die gravierende Auswirkungen auf das Energiesystem haben können. Die Modellexperimente zeigen klar, dass die Einordnung und Interpretation von Modellergebnissen nicht losgelöst von den Modellen und deren methodischen Unterschieden erfolgen darf.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Der Teilbericht 1 stellt die Methodik dar, die im Forschungsvorhaben "Technologien für die Energiewende" zur multikriteriellen Bewertung von 31 Technologiefeldern verwendet wurde.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Der hier vorliegende Report ist das Ergebnis des Teilprojekts "Transformation und Vernetzung städtischer Energieinfrastrukturen", welches Teil des "Rahmenprogramms zur Umsetzung der Energiewende in den Kommunen des Ruhrgebiets - Energiewende Ruhr" ist. Die Transformation der Energieinfrastruktur, in einer Region die noch immer überwiegend auf zentrale Erzeugung und entsprechende Versorgungssysteme ausgerichtet sind, zählt zu den großen Herausforderungen einer gelungenen Energiewende - auch wenn nur ein Teil dieser Herausforderungen in der Region selbst beeinflusst werden kann. Im Rahmen des Teilprojekts wurden zentrale technologisch-infrastrukturelle Herausforderungen im Kontext der Umsetzung der Energiewende im kommunalen Bereich analysiert. Insbesondere war hierbei von Interesse, wie das gezielte Vernetzen unterschiedlicher Infrastrukturbereiche (Strom, Wärme, Verkehr) einen Beitrag dazu leisten kann, Effizienzpotenziale zu heben und damit ein nachhaltiges und zukunftsfähiges Infrastruktursystem zu schaffen. Inhaltlich fokussierten die Analysen auf die Bereiche Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung (KWK) und Wasserstoff. Bislang wurden solche mittel- und langfristigen Transformationsprozesse häufig allein durch technologiebezogene Szenarien und Strategien beschrieben. Der Ansatz erweist sich zunehmend als nicht zielführend, da er sich zu sehr auf einzelne Technologiebereiche beschränkt und das systemische Zusammenspiel zu wenig beleuchtet. Zudem werden weitere Faktoren (Nutzerverhalten, Investitionsentscheidungen, finanzielle Handlungsspielräume auf der Verbraucherseite, Akteursnetzwerke etc.) zumeist nur marginal betrachtet. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde daher der methodische Zugang einer Cross-Impact-Bilanz gewählt, um diskursiv und partizipatorisch qualitative Zukunftsbilder für die Technologiebereiche zu entwerfen.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Der Politikbericht ist ein Ergebnis des Forschungsvorhabens "Technologien für die Energiewende", das vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) als Teil des strategischen Leitprojekts "Trends und Perspektiven der Energieforschung" von 2016 bis 2018 gefördert wurde. Er enthält neben einer kurzen deutschen und englischen Einleitung vierseitige Zusammenfassungen zu jedem der 31 analysierten Technologiefelder und eine Kurzdarstellung der Bewertungsmethodik. Die Zusammenfassungen sind gegliedert nach Definition des Technologiefeldes, aktueller Stand der Technologie, ausgewählte Bewertungskriterien und F&E-Empfehlungen.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Der Teilbericht 2 enthält alle 31 Technologieberichte, die im Forschungsvorhaben "Technologien für die Energiewende" erstellt wurden. Für jedes Technologiefeld wird der Entwicklungsstatus und der Bedarf an Forschung und Entwicklung dargestellt. Die Bewertung erfolgte mittels 12 Bewertungskriterien, die nach dem klimapolitischen und energiewirtschaftlichen Beitrag der jeweiligen Technologien fragen, die Positionierung deutscher Unternehmen im internationalen Kontext betrachten sowie die Systemkompatibilität bewerten. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz sowie des Standes von F&E im internationalen Vergleich. Band 1 enthält die Technologieberichte aus den Bereichen Erneuerbare Energien, konventionelle Kraftwerke und Infrastruktur.
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Der Teilbericht 2 enthält alle 31 Technologieberichte, die im Forschungsvorhaben "Technologien für die Energiewende" erstellt wurden. Für jedes Technologiefeld wird der Entwicklungsstatus und der Bedarf an Forschung und Entwicklung dargestellt. Die Bewertung erfolgte mittels 12 Bewertungskriterien, die nach dem klimapolitischen und energiewirtschaftlichen Beitrag der jeweiligen Technologien fragen, die Positionierung deutscher Unternehmen im internationalen Kontext betrachten sowie die Systemkompatibilität bewerten. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz sowie des Standes von F&E im internationalen Vergleich. Band 2 enthält die Technologieberichte aus den Bereichen Sektorenkopplung, Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in Gebäuden sowie in der Industrie und integrative Aspekte.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Since human nutrition is responsible for about 30 % of the global natural resource use and in order to decrease resource use to a level in line with planetary boundaries, Lukas et al. (2016) proposed a re-source use reduction in the nutrition sector by a factor 2 (Material Footprint). The catering sector needs clearly defined indicators to assess their business activities' impact on ecology, social aspects, economic value, and health status. Within the project NAHGAST two sets of indicators, called NAHGAST Meal-Basis and NAHGAST Meal-Pro were developed. The indicator sets are proposed to measure several, with sustainability-associated challenges, such as such as the ecological, social and economical effects, which may come along with the production and the consumption of a meal. Basically, the NAHGAST Meal-Basis deals with qualitative indicators, such as the amount of organic food per serving or the percentage of food wasted. This set is supposed to enable leaders to assess the sustainability of their meals and to visualize future improvements on a simplistic level. The NAHGAST Meal-Pro deals with a more sophisticated set of indicators, such as the carbon and material footprint or the cost recovery per meal. Both sets are underpinned with sus-tainable targets and elaborated as an Excel-based assessment tool, which is tested within a one-year case study. The usefulness and the limits of the tool, as well as current results of the implementation including pro-posed challenges, are discussed.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Food labels are able to support consumers in making more sustainable food choices in out-of-home consumption situations. Thereby, the effect of changing consumption behaviour depends on the format of food labels and on the information it provides. In order to assess the importance of the amount of information as well as the design of food labels displaying sustainability aspects, we test different formats of food labels using a best-worst choice design. So far, no research tested a variation of information depth while keeping label designs fixed. We find clear preferences across both dimensions. Results indicate that consumers regard labels with a higher information depth as more helpful in order to choose a sustainable meal. For the label design it became obvious that the slider-design is preferred over footprints and traffic light label design.
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Sustainable out-of-home nutrition can help achieve overarching sustainability goals through a transformation in demands of consumers in this growing market. Studies indicate that individual food choice behaviours in out-of-home settings relate to a wide set of personal, social and situational factors. These factors can be influenced by various intervention strategies. In an expert meeting and a focus group we invited caterers and consumers to generate, discuss and evaluate various practical intervention ideas. Both parties largely perceive the explored ideas as useful and agree on key intervention ideas. Overall caterers and consumers state to prefer nudging strategies over information and participation interventions.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die deutschen Braun- und Steinkohlekraftwerke produzieren 40 % des deutschen Stroms - sind aber für 80 % der Treibhausgasemissionen in diesem Sektor verantwortlich. Ein sukzessiver Ausstieg aus der Kohleverstromung kann daher einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten, die deutschen Klimaziele zu erreichen und den Pfad zur Einhaltung der Klimaziele von Paris offen zu halten. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat sich in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland eine Debatte um einen möglichen nationalen Kohleausstieg entsponnen. Der Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) hat das Wuppertal Institut daher beauftragt, zentrale wissenschaftliche Studien und politische Positionspapiere zum Thema Kohleausstieg zu analysieren. In der nun vorliegenden Metastudie fassen die Autoren den aktuellen Diskussionsstand zu wichtigen Eckpfeilern eines beschleunigten Kohleausstiegs in Deutschland zusammen. Analysiert wurden insbesondere Aussagen zur klimapolitischen Notwendigkeit und zur energiewirtschaftlichen Machbarkeit unterschiedlicher Zeithorizonte eines Kohleausstiegs sowie Optionen für eine sozialverträgliche Gestaltung des damit einhergehenden Strukturwandels.
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Following the decisions of the Paris climate conference at the end of 2015 as well as similar announcements e.g. from the G7 in Elmau (Germany) in the summer of 2015, long-term strategies aiming at (almost) full decarbonisation of the energy systems increasingly move into the focus of climate and energy policy. Deep decarbonisation obviously requires a complete switch of energy supply towards zero GHG emission sources, such as renewable energy. A large number of both global as well as national climate change mitigation scenarios emphasize that energy efficiency will likewise play a key role in achieving deep decarbonization. However, the interdependencies between a transformation of energy supply on the one hand and the role of and prospects for energy efficiency on the other hand are rarely explored in detail. This article explores these interdependencies based on a scenario for Germany that describes a future energy system relying entirely on renewable energy sources. Our analysis emphasizes that generally, considerable energy efficiency improvements on the demand side are required in order to have a realistic chance of transforming the German energy system towards 100 % renewables. Efficiency improvements are especially important if energy demand sectors will continue to require large amounts of liquid and gaseous fuels, as the production of these fuels are associated with considerable energy losses in a 100 % renewables future. Energy efficiency on the supply side will therefore differ considerably depending on how strongly the use of liquid and gaseous fuels in the various demand sectors can be substituted through the direct use of electricity. Apart from a general discussion of the role of energy efficiency in a 100 % renewable future, we also look at the role of and prospects for energy efficiency in each individual demand sector.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Ziel des Teilprojekts "Integriertes Modell Ruhrgebiet 2050" war die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines integrierten Modellsystems, mit dem die Auswirkungen von Handlungsansätzen zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs und von Treibhausgasemissionen in Stadtregionen bis zum Jahr 2050 abgeschätzt und bewertet werden können. In dem Teilprojekt wurde ein für das östliche Ruhrgebiet vorhandenes Flächennutzungs- und Verkehrsmodell auf das gesamte Ruhrgebiet erweitert und durch Teilmodelle des Energieverbrauchs von Gebäuden und Verkehr ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse sollen Zivilgesellschaft, Planung und Politik Hinweise darauf geben, welche Maßnahmen auf europäischer, nationaler, regionaler und lokaler Ebene durchgeführt werden müssen, um die Ziele der Energiewende im Ruhrgebiet zu erreichen. Im Fokus des Teilprojekts "Regionaler Modal Shift" stand der regionale Personenverkehr im Ruhrgebiet. Hier werden bislang 53 Prozent aller Wege mit dem motorisierten Individualverkehr zurückgelegt gegenüber einem Ziel-Modal Split mit einem Pkw-Anteil von 25 Prozent und jeweils 25 weiteren Prozenten für Fuß- und Radverkehr sowie ÖPNV. Ein zentraler Ansatz zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs und der Treibhausgasemissionen ist die Verlagerung (Modal Shift) von motorisiertem Individualverkehr auf den Umweltverbund (Fuß, Rad, ÖPNV, Car-Sharing). Die polyzentrische Struktur des Verkehrsnetzes des Ruhrgebiets bietet gute Voraussetzungen für eine klimafreundliche Mobilität im Umweltverbund. Darüber hinaus kann Elektromobilität einen weiteren Beitrag zur Reduzierung von Energieverbrauch und Treibhausgasemissionen leisten. Dieser Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse aus den beiden Teilprojekten in integrierter Form dar.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: One of the most pressing issues of climate policy is how to get building owners to invest in the energy efficiency of their homes. The German federal government has set the goal of decreasing the energy demand of buildings by 80 to 95 percent until 2050. One pillar of the strategy to support building owners in this task is the provision of targeted energy advice, to both motivate owners to implement an energy efficiency refurbishment and help them to choose the most efficient measures. In this paper we analysed the demand for energy advice in three German cities of the Ruhr area finding the number of energy consulting provided to be extremely low compared to the stated goals. Based on the approach of joint knowledge production we invited stakeholders from the three cities to participate in a series of workshops in order to develop ideas how to more effectively bring homeowners and energy advisors together. As a result, different energy advice experiments were co-operatively developed for each city targeting different groups by using tailored channels for outreach. The evaluation of both the process as well as the outcome of the experiments indicates that while joint knowledge production is a suitable approach to enable knowledge transfer and formation of new networks between different stakeholders in science and practice, it does not necessarily lead to superior approaches with regard to effectively addressing a policy issue at hand. Apart from the experiment in which the window of opportunity change of building ownership was taken advantage of, participation of target groups in the experiments has been soberingly low, underlining the value of so-called trigger points when designing effective outreach strategies to building owners.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Energy efficiency improvements have numerous benefits/impacts additional to energy and greenhouse gas savings, as has been shown and analysed e.g. in the 2014 IEA Report on "Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency". This paper presents the Horizon 2020-project COMBI ("Calculating and Operationalising the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency in Europe"), aiming at calculating the energy and non-energy impacts that a realisation of the EU energy efficiency potential would have in 2030. The project covers the most relevant technical energy efficiency improvement actions and estimates impacts of reduced air pollution (and its effects on human health, eco-systems/crops, buildings), improved social welfare (incl. disposable income, comfort, health, productivity), saved biotic and abiotic resources, and energy system, energy security, and the macroeconomy (employment, economic growth and public budget). This paper explains how the COMBI energy savings potential in the EU 2030 is being modelled and how multiple impacts are assessed. We outline main challenges with the quantification (choice of baseline scenario, additionality of savings and impacts, context dependency and distributional issues) as well as with the aggregation of impacts (e.g. interactions and overlaps) and how the project deals with them. As research is still ongoing, this paper only gives a first impression of the order of magnitude for additional multiple impacts of energy efficiency improvements may have in Europe, where this is available to date. The paper is intended to stimulate discussion and receive feedback from the academic community on quantification approaches followed by the project.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The brochure summarises the project's objectives and methodological approach, its key findings as well as conclusions. Both case studies have shown that technological solutions for low carbon development should be embedded in a well-developed institutional framework to foster their deployment and implementation. Therefore, recommendations for Wuxi include examples of innovative and integrated technical projects for increasing energy and resource efficiency, combining them with recommendations for the development of institutional frameworks. One element of such a framework could be a local energy agency in Wuxi, which would offer support and expertise to potential investors in low carbon technologies. Also for the German pilot region, the brochure offers concrete recommendations how to facilitate low carbon planning within the region.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 73
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 74
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Viele Städte in Nordrhein-Westfalen stehen vor vielfältigen sozialen, ökologischen und ökonomischen Herausforderungen, wie wachsenden sozialen Ungleichheiten, den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels, des demographischen Wandels und der Bewältigung des Strukturwandels. Stadt- und Quartiersentwicklung, Städtebau und die infrastrukturelle Versorgung sind zentral von diesen Veränderungen betroffen und müssen zukunftsweisende Lösungen entwickeln. Ein wichtiger Aspekt wird hierbei die Resilienz der Städte gegenüber Störereignissen und Krisen sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt das Gutachten "Resiliente Stadt - Zukunftsstadt" auf, wie die konzeptionelle Leitidee einer resilienten Stadt in verschiedenen Handlungsfeldern und auf verschiedenen Ebenen umgesetzt werden kann. Es werden wichtige Zukunftsfragen der Städte aufgegriffen, Strategien der Resilienz für zentrale Handlungsfelder entwickelt und wichtige Hinweise für die Umsetzung in die Planungspraxis gegeben.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Das Projekt "Energiewende integrativ - Entwicklung eines transformativen Forschungsdesigns am Beispiel der Energiewende Ruhr" (EnerTransRuhr) behandelte vordergründig die Energiewende im Gebäudebereich. Auf dieses Thema fokussierten sämtliche Arbeiten und Untersuchungen, die im Rahmen des Projekts durchgeführt wurden. Im Kern aber ging es um die Frage, wie ein Projektdesign im Verständnis transformativer Wissenschaft inhaltlich und methodisch aussieht, das einzelne Disziplinen und Methoden ebenso integriert wie in transdisziplinären Prozessen das Wissen und die Expertise von nicht wissenschaftlichen Projektbeteiligten.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Broschüre ist ein Produkt des Rahmenprogramms zur Umsetzung der Energiewende in den Kommunen des Ruhrgebiets: Die Auf­gabe des Projektes bestand darin auszuloten, in welcher Weise Kommunen ihre Handlungskapazitäten zur Umsetzung der Energiewende in der Region bewahren beziehungsweise perspektivisch erweitern können. Das Rahmenprogramm steuerte in seiner dreijährigen Projektlaufzeit (2013-2016) einen Beitrag zur Analyse der Handlungsfähigkeit von Kommunen im Ruhrgebiet zur Umsetzung der Energiewende bei und systematisierte bisherige Handlungsansätze in der Region. Es setzte an bestehenden Rahmenbedingungen an und versuchte, in Zusammenarbeit mit regionalen Akteurinnen und Akteuren künftige Handlungsansätze für eine langfristig angelegte Umsetzung der Energiewende in der Region zu identifizieren. Das vorliegende Dokument führt Ergebnisse des Pro­jektes zusammen und formuliert strategische Hinweise für die weitere Umsetzung der Energiewende im Ruhrgebiet.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der vorliegende Bericht ist Ergebnis eines zweijährigen Forschungsprojekts im Rahmen des Virtuellen Instituts "Transformation - Energiewende NRW". Das Projekt wurde von der Stiftung Mercator finanziert. Der Bericht beschäftigt sich in mehreren Schritten mit der Transformation des Energie- und Industrielandes NRW: Er analysiert die ökonomischen Effekte der Energiewende in NRW und arbeitet Erfolgsfaktoren sowie Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für industrielle Transformationsprozesse heraus. Nachfolgend werden zentrale Ergebnisse dieser Analyseschritte knapp zusammengefasst.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 79
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The maritime part of all transport via the port of Rotterdam is linked to the brunt of all CO2 emissions (87 %) the port can potentially influence. This report aims to quantitatively grasp the maritime transport of the Port of Rotterdam, in terms of ships, total tonnages, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in respect to types of cargo and regions. In the first and broad part of the report, the emissions and energy demands of sailing ships are assessed. Emissions and energy demand for the port itself are subject of a separate part at the end.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 80
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: In the Paraná River basin, similar to what is happening in many others around the world, the systems "River-floodplain" have been changed so important for regulating the flow imposed by impoundments upstream, affecting the intensity, the duration and timing of flooding and, in consequence, the availability of food. Among other impacts that promote downstream reservoirs, stand out those related to retention of the material in suspension, increasing its erosive capacity and increasing the water transparency, and this effect is amplified in rivers that have reservoir cascade. In light of these changes, this thesis aims to assess the effects of reservoirs built upstream from the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River, in view of the importance of integrity in the areas of flooded plains in the maintenance of biological diversity. So in Chapter I, we tried to ascertain whether the inter-annual variations in the attributes of floods (duration, timing, intensity and variability) affect nutritional status of fish, according to the trophic category. That chapter was based on the fact of the flood pulse of changing the composition, quantity and quality of food resources available to fish and that the effluent water from dams has changed its characteristics in relation to the processes of transportation and sedimentation. In Chapter II, we have evaluated the temporal variation in the water transparency in environments with different degrees of influence in the Porto Primavera Reservoir, considering periods before and after its formation, in order to relate this variation with the abundance of a non-native visual fish-predator (Cichla kelberi).
    Description: Na bacia do rio Paraná, a exemplo do que vem ocorrendo em muitas outras em todo o mundo, os sistemas "rio-planície de inundação" têm sido alterados de forma relevante pela regulação da vazão imposta por represamentos a montante, afetando a intensidade, a duração e a época de cheias, e, em conseqüência, a disponibilidade de alimento. Entre outros impactos que os reservatórios promovem a jusante destacam-se aqueles ligados a retenção do material em suspensão, elevando sua capacidade erosiva e aumentando a transparência da água, sendo esse efeito amplificado em rios que apresentam reservatórios em cascata. Em função destas alterações, esta tese visa avaliar os efeitos dos reservatórios construídos a montante da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, em face da importância da integridade das áreas da planície alagável na manutenção de diversidade biológica. Portanto, no capítulo I procurou-se verificar se as variações inter-anuais nos atributos das cheias (duração, época, intensidade e variabilidade) afetam a condição nutricional de peixes, conforme a categoria trófica. Esse capítulo se baseou no fato dos pulsos de cheias alterarem a composição, quantidade e qualidade dos recursos alimentares disponíveis aos peixes e que a água efluente de barragens tem suas características alteradas em relação aos processos de transporte e sedimentação. No capítulo II, procurou-se avaliar a variação temporal na transparência da água em ambientes com diferentes graus de influência do reservatório de Porto Primavera, considerando períodos anteriores e posteriores à sua formação, no intuito de relacionar essa variação com a abundância de um predador visual não nativo (Cichla kelberi).
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Feeding condition ; Water transparency ; Cichla kelberi ; Brazil ; Cichla kelberi ; Transparência da água ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Reservoirs ; Upper Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Trophic guilds ; Paraná River ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Rio Paraná ; Planície alagável ; Peixes de água doce ; Reservatórios ; Estrutura trófica ; Fator de condição ; Guilda trófica ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 47pp.
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  • 81
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: One of the major objectives of community ecology is to comprehend the pattern of species distribution as well as which factors make them abundant. Studies verifying such patterns of community distribution seek to comprehend how local conditions and dispersion effects establish a community structure. This perspective enables a broader view of patterns of species distribution and the processes leading changes in community structures. In this context, the key objective of this study was to assess the spatial variation for the structure of periphytic algal community in 30 floodplain environments in upper Paraná River during March 2010. The relationship between species of periphytic algae and environmental, spatial variables was also assessed. Therefore, this study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter "Unraveling the variation in richness of periphytic algae community according to a deconstructive approach" aimed especially at assessing the relative importance of local and spatial factors on the richness of communities species as a whole subsequently being decomposed in taxonomic classes and adherence strategies, e.g., firmly and loosely. The second chapter "Partitioning of the variation in deconstructed periphytic algal communities: does the use of biological traits matter?? aimed at assessing the variation in the composition of algal groups species with distinct dispersion abilities based on species biological traits concerning both environmental and spatial variables. In general, the results obtained through the assessment of periphytic algae community variation in upper Paraná River floodplain revealed that environmental factors proved predominant in establishing the community structure. Nevertheless, some of the algal groups presented a strong spatial component regarding dispersion limitation. Furthermore, the deconstruction of the periphytic algal community for groups based on taxonomy and biological traits enabled a better understanding of the processes involved in establishing the variation pattern for this community.
    Description: Compreender o padrão de distribuição das espécies, bem como os fatores que influenciam sua abundância é um dos grandes objetivos da ecologia de comunidades. Os estudos que verificam estes padrões de distribuição das comunidades sob a perspectiva de metacomunidade buscam compreender como a estrutura de uma comunidade é determinada pelas condições locais e pelos efeitos da dispersão. Esta perspectiva permite uma visão mais abrangente dos padrões de distribuição das espécies e dos processos que determinam mudanças nas estruturas de comunidades. Neste contexto, este estudo apresentou o objetivo principal de avaliar a variação espacial da estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas em 30 ambientes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná em março de 2010. A relação entre a riqueza de espécies de algas perifíticas com as variáveis ambientais e espaciais também foi avaliada. "Desvendando a variação da riqueza da comunidade de algas perifíticas segundo uma abordagem de desconstrução" demonstrou a importância relativa de fatores locais e espaciais sobre a riqueza de espécies da comunidade como um todo e após ser decomposta em classes taxonômicas e nas estratégias de aderência, e.g., firmemente e frouxamente. "Partição da variação de comunidades perifíticas desconstruídas: o uso dos traços biológicos importa?" demonstrou a variação na composição de espécies de grupos de algas com distintas habilidades de dispersão, baseados nos traços biológicos das espécies, em relação a variáveis ambientais e espaciais. De modo geral, os resultados obtidos através da avaliação da variação da comunidade de algas perifíticas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná enfatizaram que os fatores ambientais, como as variáveis limnológicas, preponderaram na determinação da estrutura desta comunidade. Contudo, alguns grupos algais exibiram um forte componente espacial relacionado com a limitação da dispersão. Além disso, a desconstrução da comunidade de algas perifíticas, em grupos baseados na taxonomia e nos traços biológicos, permitiu a compreensão dos processos que determinaram o padrão de variação desta comunidade.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Brazil ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Metacommunity ; Periphytic algae ; Biological traits ; Spatial variable ; Environmental variable ; Upper Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Preditores espaciais ; Estrutura ; Variável espacial ; Variável ambiental ; Algas perifíticas ; Traços biológicos ; Metacomunidade ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Deconstruction
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 87pp.
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  • 82
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: This study is linked to the Project entitled "Benthic community from alluvial floodplain of Upper Paraná River, with emphasis on Bivalvia" (Productivity scholarship/ CNPq- Proc. 303850/2005-1) and aimed to verify the influence of hydrological phases on Chironomidae larvae in different substrate types. The second goal was to identify the main food items eaten by Cricotopus sp. and compare possible differences on the larvae diet from different artificial substrates and hydrological phases. We used four types of artificial substrates: wood X-shaped (MADX); nitacetal plates X-shaped (NITX); PVC tube-shaped (PVCT) and galvanized metal tube-shaped (METT), each one with three replicates. Samplings were undertaken fortnightly, between August 2004 and December 2005. The material was collected using spatula and brush and a 5x5 cm square (0.0025 m2). Seventeen Chironomidae morphospecies were identified and Cricotopus sp. was dominant in most of substrates and hydrological phases. During low water phase, the highest similarity was observed among substrates with the same shape. In this period, the highest species richness and density of larvae were registered in substrates X-shaped, probably due to the high accumulation of organic matter in MADX and PVCX substrates. During high water phase, the increase in fluviometric level of Paraná River influenced on the reduction of larvae mean density and, only in MADX and PVCT substrates, whose materials favored the best larvae fixing, high values of density were verified. Regarding the Cricotopus sp. diet, detritus was the main food item, with values above 50% from the total consumption. In the digestive content of Cricotopus sp. larvae, we observed the predominance of algae genera as the water phases, with significant differences in the larvae diet at PVCT substrate. In this substrate, Cricotopus sp. ingested low quantity of detritus and high percentage of diatoms. The results indicated that hydrological phases of Paraná River can influence the diet of Cricotopus sp. larvae, suggesting that this is an opportunistic genus that feeds on available resources.
    Description: Este estudo está vinculado ao projeto "Comunidade bêntica da planície aluvial do alto rio Paraná, com ênfase em Bivalvia" (Bolsa Produtividade/CNPq- Proc. 303850/2005-1) e teve como principal objetivo verificar a influência das fases hídricas sobre as larvas de Chironomidae em diferentes tipos de substratos. O segundo objetivo foi identificar os principais itens alimentares ingeridos por Cricotopus sp. e comparar as possíveis diferenças na dieta das larvas em diferentes substratos artificiais e fases hídricas. Foram utilizados quatro tipos de substratos artificiais: madeira em forma de X (MADX); placas de nitacetal em forma de X (NITX), PVC em forma de tubo (PVCT) e metal galvanizado em forma de tubo (METT), cada um com três réplicas. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, entre os meses de agosto de 2004 e dezembro de 2005. O material foi coletado com o auxílio de espátula e pincel, utilizando-se um quadrado de 5 x 5 cm (0,0025 m2). Foram identificadas 17 morfoespécies de Chironomidae e Cricotopus sp. foi dominante na maioria dos substratos e fases hídricas. As maiores diferenças na densidade das larvas foram observadas entre as fases hídricas. Na fase de águas baixas, a maior similaridade foi observada entre os substratos de mesma forma. Nesse período, a maior riqueza e densidade das larvas foram registradas nos substratos em forma de X, provavelmente, pelo maior acúmulo de matéria orgânica nos substratos MADX e PVCX. Na fase de águas altas, o aumento no nível do rio Paraná influenciou na redução da densidade média das larvas e somente nos substratos MADX e PVCT, cujos materiais favoreceram a melhor fixação das larvas, foram registrados maiores valores de densidade. Em relação à dieta de Cricotopus sp., detrito foi o principal item alimentar, com valores superiores a 50% do total consumido. No conteúdo digestivo das larvas de Cricotopus sp., observou-se o predomínio de gêneros de algas conforme as fases hídricas, com diferenças significativas na dieta das larvas no substrato PVCT. No substrato PVCT, Cricotopus sp. ingeriu menor quantidade de detritos e maiores porcentagens de diatomáceas. Os resultados indicam que as fases hídricas do rio Paraná podem influenciar a dieta das larvas de Cricotopus sp., sugerindo tratar-se de um gênero oportunista que se alimenta dos recursos disponíveis.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Brazil ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Larvae ; Chironomidae (Diptera) ; Floodplain ; Functional groups ; Food items ; Upper Paraná River ; Hydrological regime ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Itens alimentares ; Colonização ; Chironomidae (Diptera) ; Substratos artificiais ; Larvas ; Regime hídrico ; Grupos funcionais ; Colonization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: We aimed to evaluate the spatial-temporal variation of periphytic algal communities in lentic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Algae are microorganisms which are sensitive to environmental changes, and their rapid response provides a wide array of information on the ecological status of habitats in which they establish. We found that the variation in the structure of these communities was influenced mainly by the environmental characteristics and hydrological dynamics of the Paraná River over time. In a metacommunity perspective, algae were mainly influenced by the environmental factor (species sorting), and the variation in species composition (beta diversity) was higher during periods of higher water levels of the Upper Paraná River, associated with the increase in species dispersal among lakes. Among periphytic algal classes, Bacillariophyceae and Oedogoniophyceae dominated, with Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Fragilaria capucina Desmazières, Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing, Oedogonium sp1 and Oedogonium sp3 being the most abundant species. Therefore, we confirmed that the environmental factor was predominant in structuring the periphytic algal metacommunity. When evaluating the influence of the seasonal variation in the hydrological regime on the algal community, we found that the change in the water level directly influenced the algal species. Thus, species richness changed with the increase in the water level and concomitantly, the limnological variables were strongly related to this hydrological variation. The dissolved forms of nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) and turbidity were the abiotic factors which influenced mainly the structure, organization, and presence of species such as Gomphonema augur var sphaerophorum (Ehrenberg) Grunow, Cymbella tropica Krammer, Gomphonema turris (Bacillariophyceae), Uronema gigas Vischer (Chlorophyceae), and Phormidium sp.1 (Cyanophyceae) in algal communities. Therefore, we demonstrated that the hydrological dynamics constitute an important role and a key factor in structuring periphytic communities in floodplains.
    Description: Este estudo avaliou a variação espaço-temporal das comunidades de algas perifíticas em ambientes lênticos da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. As algas são microorganismos sensíveis às mudanças ambientais, e a sua rápida resposta fornece uma ampla informação sobre o estado ecológico dos habitats em que se estabelecem. Demonstrou-se que a variação da estrutura destas comunidades foi influenciada principalmente pelas caraterísticas ambientais e a dinâmica hidrológica do rio Paraná ao longo do tempo. Numa perspectiva de metacomunidades, as algas foram estruturadas principalmente pelo fator ambiental (Species sorting), e a sua variação na composição de espécies (diversidade beta) foi maior em períodos com aumento do nível hidrométrico do alto rio Paraná, associando-se com o aumento da dispersão de espécies entre os lagos. Entre as classes de algas perifíticas, Bacillariophyceae e Oedogoniophyceae foram predominantes, sendo Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Fragilaria capucina Desmazières, Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing, Oedogonium sp.1 e Oedogonium sp.3 as espécies mais abundantes. Avaliou-se a influência da variação sazonal do regime hídrico sobre a riqueza das comunidades de algas e demonstrou-se que a mudança do nível interferiu diretamente nas espécies de algas. Assim, a riqueza de espécies modificou-se com o aumento do nível de água e, conjuntamente, as variáveis limnológicas tiveram uma estreita relação com essa variação hídrica. As formas assimiláveis dos nutrientes (Nitrato e Fosfato), e a turbidez foram os fatores abióticos que tiveram maior significância na estruturação, organização e presença de espécies como Gomphonema augur var sphaerophorum (Ehrenberg) Grunow, e Cymbella tropica Krammer, Gomphonema turris (Bacillariophyceae), Uronema gigas Vischer (Chlorophyceae) e Phormidium sp1 (Cyanophyceae) nas comunidades algais. Assim, demostrou-se que a dinâmica hídrica constitui papel importante, sendo um fator chave na estruturação e composição das comunidades perifíticas em planícies de inundação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Metacommunity ; Periphytic algae ; Hydrological regime ; Floodplain ; Limnological variables ; Brazil ; Upper Paraná River ; Metacomunidade ; Variação espaço-temporal ; Regime hidrológico ; Diversidade beta ; Algas perifíticas ; Lagos conectados ; Metacomunidades, Ecologia de ; Planície de inundação ; Variáveis limnológicas ; Beta diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 64pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Floodplains are known to support high biological diversity, and one of the most conspicuous groups in this kind of environment is the waterbird community. Among the waterbirds, Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes are important predators of aquatic Vertebrate and Invertebrate, due to their high energy requirements and large populations. Here, we intend to evaluate the Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes local assemblies using functional diversity, and through this tool infer about processes structuring assemblies. Thus, in this study we propose the hypothesis that the functional diversity and predominant mechanisms in structuring assemblies differ between environments and along the hydrological cycle. We used bird abundance data collected quarterly over two years in different types of environments of the floodplain of the upper Paraná River. We used three facets of functional diversity (Functional richness, Functional evenness and Functional divergence), and compared the observed values with expected values calculated from randomly generated assemblies to infer about the processes structuring assemblies . The observed functional diversity and the difference between observed and expected FD varied between types of environments and throughout the study period in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River. However, the observed variation agreed only in part with the tested hypothesis, and only in the first year of sampling. A significant increase in the number of species and functional diversity occurred between the flooded and dry periods in the first year of the study, but not in the second, which may have been influenced by small flood pulses occurring during the dry season. The observed values of functional diversity were generally consistent with null expectations, but this pattern may be the result of a complex interaction between different mechanisms structuring assemblies. Comprehending how the functional diversity of waterbirds is affected by the hydrological cycle, and how its dynamics works in the distinct environments of a floodplain is essential to understand how this community behaves in the face of increasingly larger and more frequent changes occurring in the floodplains.
    Description: As planícies de inundação sustentam uma alta diversidade biológica, e um dos grupos mais conspícuos nesses ambientes são as aves aquáticas. Entre as aves aquáticas estão os Pelecaniformes e Ciconiiformes, importantes predadores de Vertebrados e Invertebrados aquáticos, devido ao seu alto requerimento energético e grandes populações. Avaliou-se a variação espacial e temporal nas assembleias locais destas aves utilizando a diversidade funcional (FD), e através dela inferiu-se a respeito de processos estruturadores das assembleias. Assim, avaliou-se a hipótese de que a diversidade funcional e os processos predominantes na estruturação das assembleias diferem entre os ambientes e ao longo do ciclo hidrológico. Foram utilizados dados de abundância das aves colhidos trimestralmente ao longo de dois anos em diferentes tipos de ambiente da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Utilizamos três facetas da diversidade funcional (Riqueza funcional, Equitabilidade funcional e Divergência funcional), e comparamos os valores observados de FD com valores calculados a partir de assembleias geradas ao acaso para inferir a respeito dos mecanismos estruturadores das assembleias. A diversidade funcional observada e a diferença entre a FD observada e esperada variaram entre os tipos de ambientes e ao longo do período de estudo na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Entretanto, a variação observada corroborou apenas em parte com a hipótese testada, e apenas no primeiro ano do estudo. Um aumento significativo no número de espécies e na diversidade funcional ocorreu nas assembleias locais entre o período de cheia e de seca no primeiro ano do estudo, mas não no segundo, que pode ter sido influenciado por pequenos pulsos de inundação ocorridos no período da seca. Os valores observados de diversidade funcional foram, no geral, consistentes com expectativas nulas, mas esse padrão pode ser resultado da interação complexa entre diferentes processos estruturadores das assembleias. A compreensão de como a diversidade funcional de aves é afetada pelo ciclo hidrológico, e de como a sua dinâmica funciona nos diversos ambientes de uma planície é essencial para entendermos como esta comunidade se comporta diante das mudanças cada vez maiores e mais frequentes a que estão sujeitas as planícies de inundação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Upper Paraná River ; Brazil ; Paraná, Rio ; Alto rio Paraná ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Functional evenness (FEve) ; Waterbird ; Functional divergence (FDiv) ; Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Riqueza funcional (FRic) ; Diversidade funcional ; Divergência funcional (FDiv) ; Equitabilidade funcional (FEve) ; Pelecaniformes ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Ciconiiformes ; Planície de inundação ; Aves aquáticas ; Functional richness (FRic)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: The hydrological regime is the main determinant of the structural and functional characteristics in river-floodplain systems and every anthropogenic activity, as the construction and dam operation that alters it function of force affects the environment so much, as the communities there existent. Because the hydrological regime of the floodplain from upper Paraná river to be considered regulated artificially, by the operation of dams upstreams this stretch, and to cause a state of transitory desiccated the littoral areas, this study aimed at to evaluate the effect that the desiccated exercises on the periphytic algae community's structure. Under the hypothesis that the exhibition, to a short desiccated period, imposed the periphytic algae community determines alterations in its composition, richness and abundance. An experiment in situ was carried simulating the variation of the hydrometric level and exhibition this community's, that has already present equilibrium, to the desiccation. Glass sheets were used while artificial substratum and the experiment lasted, as whole, 42 days sucessional. The results of this study were divided in two chapters, the first entitled “Structures of the periphytic algae community after a disturbance: an experimental approach in environment of the floodplain tropical”, in which, the largest difference in the periphytic algae community's structure was registered in the first five days after the event, with increase of number the Chlorophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae taxa and decrease in the density, mainly due to the class Bacillariophyceae. In the second chapter entitled "Composition algal in the periphyton after a desiccated disturbance: persistence and resilience?" it was verified that the community's composition was substantially altered after the disturbance event, with increase of species adhered loosely and initial colonizers. Phacus curvicauda was identified as indicative of the desiccated condition.
    Description: O regime hidrológico é o principal determinante das características estruturais e funcionais em sistemas rios-planície de inundação e toda atividade antrópica, como a construção e operação de represa, que altere esta função de força afeta tanto esses ambientes, como as comunidades ali existentes. Em virtude do regime hidrológico da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná ser considerado regulado artificialmente, pela operação de represas a montante, e causar um estado de dessecamento transitório as regiões litorâneas, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito que o dessecamento exerce sobre a estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas. Sob a hipótese de que a exposição, a um curto período de dessecamento, imposta à comunidade de algas perifíticas determina alterações em sua composição, riqueza e abundância. Foi desenvolvido um experimento in situ simulando a variação do nível hidrométrico e exposição desta comunidade, já em estado de equilíbrio, ao dessecamento. Lâminas de vidro foram utilizadas enquanto substrato artificial e o experimento apresentou, ao todo, duração de 42 dias sucessionais. Os resultados deste estudo foram divididos em dois capítulos, o primeiro intitulado "Estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas após um distúrbio: uma abordagem experimental em ambiente de planície de inundação tropical, no qual, a maior diferença na estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas foi registrada nos cinco primeiros dias após o evento, com aumento de número de táxons de Chlorophyceae e Zygnemaphyceae e decréscimo na densidade, principalmente devido à classe Bacillariophyceae. No segundo capítulo intitulado "Composição algal no perifíton após um distúrbio de dessecamento: persistência e resiliência?" foi verificado que a composição da comunidade foi substancialmente alterada depois do evento de distúrbio, com aumento de espécies frouxamente aderidas e colonizadoras iniciais. Phacus curvicauda foi identificada como indicadora da condição de dessecamento.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Parana River ; Brazil ; Density ; Richness ; Diversity ; Floodplain ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Desiccation ; Community structure ; Disturbance ; Composition ; Resilience ; Resiliência ; Estrutura da comunidade ; Densidade ; Composição ; Algas perifíticas ; Distúrbio ; Dessecamento ; Diversidade ; Riqueza ; Periphytic algae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 60pp.
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  • 86
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: In the tropics, large areas originally under forest systems have been converted into pasture. Recovering such environments takes longer than forest recovery following other kinds of disturbance. This study had three goals. First, to find a potential seed bank of woody species able to colonize abandoned pasture in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain. Second, to assess the impact of soil compaction on forest recovery under pasture. Third, to determine the most efficient soil treatment to recruit woody species seedlings from the pasture seed bank. Density and composition of woody species in the soil seed bank were measured using the seedling emergence method. Soil compaction was determined by resistance to penetration. An experiment in the pasture with four treatments was also conducted to assess the recruitment of woody species in the seed bank. The treatments were: the control; mechanical mowing and burning; mechanical mowing and manual weeding with removal of stolons; and mechanical mowing, manual weeding with removal of stolons and soil tillage. A considerable density of woody species was found in the seed bank, indicating a potential for pasture colonization. Soil compaction can not be considered a limitation to forest recovery in the study area. The removal of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. and soil tillage can enhance the emergence of woody species seedlings in the seed bank.
    Description: Nos trópicos, áreas extensas de sistemas florestais têm sido convertidas em pastagens. A restauração destes ambientes é mais lenta comparada com outros distúrbios. O presente estudo teve como propósito responder: Existe banco de sementes potencial de espécies lenhosas, capazes de colonizar uma pastagem abandonada na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná? A compactação do solo na área de estudo pode ser considerada um fator limitante para a recuperação da floresta sobre a pastagem? e Qual tratamento do solo é mais eficaz no recrutamento de plântulas de espécies lenhosas do banco de sementes em pastagem? A densidade e composição de espécies lenhosas do banco de sementes do solo foi avaliada utilizando-se o método de emergência de plântulas e a compactação do solo foi determinada através da resistência à penetração. Além disso, foi aplicado um experimento com quatro tratamentos: controle; roçada mecânica e queima; roçada mecânica e capina com retirada de estolões; e roçada mecânica, capina com retirada de estolões e revolvimento do solo, a fim de verificar o recrutamento de espécies lenhosas do banco de sementes. Foi constatada a presença de espécies lenhosas no banco de sementes em considerável densidade, indicando potencial de colonização da pastagem. A compactação do solo não pode ser considerada um fator limitante para a recuperação da floresta na área de estudo. A retirada do capim e o revolvimento do solo podem facilitar a emergência de plântulas de espécies lenhosas a partir do banco de sementes.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Weeding ; Upper Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Brazil ; Revolvimento do solo ; Fogo ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Ciências Ambientais ; Burning ; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick ; Soil tillage ; Soil compaction ; Espécies exóticas de plantas ; Pastagens abandonadas ; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick ; Banco de sementes ; Floresta estacional semidecidual ; Restauração ; Ecologia ; Compactação do solo ; Capina ; Brasil
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 30pp.
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  • 87
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: In the upper Paraná River plain, the distribution of benthic organisms is directly affected by the variation in the flow of the main channel and geomorphological aspects that influence the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment. Oligochaeta is one of the most abundant zoobênticos groups of the upper Paraná River plain, and recorded in different environments that plain. The samples were collected every three months between February 2000 and November 2002 in different types of environments Ivinhema and Parana rivers. In lotic, it was found higher percentages of sandy sediment, ponds, mud percentages and higher organic matter, especially lakes without communication. These studies were analyzed 10,250 individuals Oligochaeta. Through the indicator value analysis (IndVal) allowed the classification indicator species from different environments: Haplotaxis aedochaeta as indicator species of the main channel Ivinhema, Narapa bonettoi for the primary and secondary channels, while for ponds with communication and without communication direct with Ivinhema, indicator species were Pristina osborni and Branchiura sowerbyi respectively. The dynamic factors of the water flow and the degree of connectivity of the lakes with the main channel, influenced the composition and abundance of Oligochaeta. Temporal variations in density and dominance of species of Oligochaeta of the Parana River, seem to be controlling the impact of the consequences of the hydrological regime of the river, exercised by dams located upstream. These results underscore the need for specific knowledge of Oligochaeta in benthic macroinvertebrate studies because they are good indicators of specific environments and environmental change.
    Description: Na planície do alto rio Paraná, a distribuição dos organismos bentônicos é afetada diretamente pela variação da vazão do canal principal e aspectos geomorfológicos, que influenciam as características físicas e químicas dos ambientes. Oligochaeta é um dos grupos zoobênticos mais abundantes da planície do alto rio Paraná, sendo registrado em diferentes ambientes dessa planície. As amostras foram coletadas trimestralmente entre fevereiro de 2000 e novembro de 2002, em diferentes tipos de ambientes dos rios Ivinhema e Paraná. Nos ambientes lóticos, verificou-se maiores porcentagens de sedimento arenoso, enquanto nas lagoas, maiores porcentagens de lama e matéria orgânica, especialmente em lagoas sem comunicação. Nesses estudos, foram analisados 10.250 indivíduos de Oligochaeta. Através da análise do valor indicador (IndVal), foi possível classificar espécies indicadoras de diferentes ambientes: Haplotaxis aedochaeta como espécie indicadora do canal principal do rio Ivinhema, Narapa bonettoi para os canais principal e secundário, enquanto que para as lagoas com comunicação e sem comunicação direta com o rio Ivinhema, as espécies indicadoras foram Pristina osborni e Branchiura sowerbyi, respectivamente. Os fatores dinâmica do fluxo de água e o grau de conectividade das lagoas com o canal principal, influenciaram na composição e abundância de Oligochaeta. As variações temporais na densidade e dominância de espécies de Oligochaeta do rio Paraná, parecem ser reflexos do impacto do controle do regime hidrológico desse rio, exercido por barragens localizadas à montante. Esses resultados ressaltam a necessidade de conhecimento específico de Oligochaeta em estudos de macroinvertebrados bentônicos, por serem bons indicadores de ambientes específicos e de alterações ambientais.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ivinhema River ; Hydrological regime ; Brazil ; Upper Paraná River ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Oligochaeta ; Brasil ; Indicadores ambientais ; Rio Ivinhema ; Regime hidrológico ; Lagoons ; Floodplain ; Ciências Ambientais
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 88
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Among the impacts imposed by dams on downstream basin stretches are those resulting from the changes in discharge, both natural, with increase of the minimum and decrease of the maximum, as the short-term resulting from the dam operation. The effects of this regulation are particularly relevant in floodplains, where in addition to affecting the connectivity between biotopes, can lead to reversal of flow in relevant stretches of tributaries, such as the Baía River in Upper Paraná River. It was verified the intensity and the extent to which the reversal of tributary flow modifies the limnological variables as well as the structure of fish assemblages associated with macrophytes. The reverse flow differed from normal flow by higher values of transparency, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity. Changes to these variables were not, however, significant for different tributary stretches analyzed. There was no significant difference in the abundance and species richness. The evenness significantly differed only in relation to the position, with higher average value before Curutuba channel. The standard length showed higher average before Curutuba channel or when the flow was reversed, which may be indicative of larger fish from the Paraná River and the search for refuge from predators. The structure of fish assemblages differed significantly from the position of the points. Apparently, the differences were not accentuated by the fact that the species of the studied area is exposed to this impact for over 10 years and also by the presence of macrophyte that positively influence the diversity of fish. It is evident the need for more intensive studies of the impacts promoted by dams downstream, as a result of reverse flow, which has great influence for limnological variables and fish assemblage structure. It must be emphasized that this kind of impact is very little considered in the literature, but may be the mechanism to explain several processes, especially for the maintenance of biological diversity in the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
    Description: Dentre os impactos impostos por barragens aos trechos da bacia a jusante estão aqueles decorrentes das alterações nas vazões, tanto das naturais, com elevação das mínimas e diminuição das máximas, como as de curto prazo decorrentes da operação da barragem. Os efeitos dessa regulação são particularmente relevantes em planícies de inundação, onde além de afetar a conectividade entre os biótopos, podem levar à inversão de fluxo em trechos relevantes de rios afluentes, como é o caso do rio Baía, no alto rio Paraná. Verificou-se a intensidade e a extensão em que a inversão de fluxo em tributários modificam as variáveis limnológicas, bem como a estrutura das assembleias de peixes associadas às macrófitas aquáticas. A inversão do fluxo se diferenciou do fluxo normal pelos maiores valores de transparência, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade elétrica. As alterações nessas variáveis não foram, entretanto, significativas para os diferentes trechos analisados no tributário. Não houve diferença significativa na abundância e riqueza de espécies. A equitabilidade diferiu significativamente apenas em relação à posição, com maior valor médio abaixo do canal Curutuba. O comprimento padrão apresentou maior média abaixo do canal Curutuba ou quando o fluxo estava invertido, o que pode ser indicativo de peixes maiores vindos do rio Paraná e da busca por refúgio contra predadores. A estrutura das assembleias de peixes diferiu significativamente em relação à posição dos pontos. Aparentemente, as diferenças não foram acentuadas pelo fato das espécies da área estudada estar expostas a esse impacto há mais de 10 anos e também pela presença de bancos de macrófitas que influenciam positivamente a diversidade de peixes. É evidente a necessidade por estudos mais intensivos sobre os impactos promovidos a jusante de barragens, como resultado da inversão de fluxo, que tem influência marcante nas variáveis limnológicas e na estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Cabe ainda salientar que esse tipo de impacto é muito pouco considerado na literatura, mas pode ser o mecanismo para explicar vários processos, especialmente para a manutenção da diversidade biológica na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Brazil ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Level float ; Flow change ; Aquatic macrophytes ; Hydropower ; Environmental impacts ; Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Flutuação de nível ; Alteração de fluxo ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Assembleia de peixes ; Ecologia de reservatórios ; Impactos ambientais ; Hidrelétricas ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Fish assemblage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 44pp.
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  • 89
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: This study assumed that some species are able to change the reproductive tactic depending on currently environmental conditions. The tested hypothesis is that the peacock bass Cichla monoculus, an introduced species of Amazonian region, presents a differential reproductive tactic that depends on the variation of the hydrometric level on the upper Paraná River floodplain and Corumbá Reservoir. The hydrological analysis showed that the level on the floodplain was very irregular compared to the level on the reservoir, presenting often potamophases. Limnophases were less frequent and of long duration. Because of the short retention time, hydrometric level variations on reservoir were of less than 9 cm above and below the overflow level, with the same number of potamophases and limnophases, both of them of similar duration. Either in the floodplain as in the reservoir, abundance peaks of juveniles occurred on potamophases. In the floodplain, these peaks were associated to sharp increase of short duration of the hydrometric level, especially in February 2000 and March 2003. In the reservoir, the occurrence of juveniles was registered practically in all samplings, with two peaks in April and December 1998, corresponding to the rainfall period. In both systems, juvenile abundance was positively correlated with the hydrometric level. It was concluded that C. monoculus changes its reproductive tactic responding to variations of hydrometric level and environmental seasonality.
    Description: Este estudo parte do pressuposto de que algumas espécies podem mudar a tática reprodutiva em função das condições ambientais vigentes. Hipotetiza-se que o tucunaré Cichla monoculus, uma espécie introduzida da região Amazônica, apresenta uma tática reprodutiva diferenciada e dependente da variação do nível hidrométrico na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná na região de Maringá e no reservatório de Corumbá (GO). A análise hidrológica mostrou que o nível hidrométrico na planície foi muito irregular se comparado com o do reservatório, apresentando freqüentes potamofases de curta duração e limnofases menos freqüentes e de longa duração. No reservatório, por ser do tipo fio d?água, as variações no nível hidrométrico foram de até 9 cm acima e abaixo da cota de transbordamento, ocorrendo o mesmo número de potamofases e limnofases, ambas de duração semelhante. Tanto na planície como no reservatório, os picos na abundância de indivíduos jovens ocorreram na potamofase. Na planície, estes picos foram associados ao aumento pronunciado e de curta duração do nível hidrométrico, especialmente em fevereiro de 2000 e em março de 2003. Já no reservatório, a ocorrência de jovens nas capturas foi registrada praticamente em todas as amostragens, sendo que dois picos foram registrados em abril e dezembro de 1998, correspondendo ao período de chuva. Em ambos os sistemas, a abundância de jovens foi positivamente correlacionada com o nível hidrométrico. Conclui-se que C. monoculus mudou de tática reprodutiva como resposta às variações do nível hidrométrico e à estacionalidade do ambiente em que se encontra.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Reproduction ; Introduced species ; Reservoir ; Floodplain ; Brazil ; Reservatório ; Planície de inundação ; Brasil ; Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831 ; Tucunaré ; Reprodução ; Espécie introduzida ; Peacock bass ; Ciências Ambientais ; Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 23pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: A study was conducted concerning the interannual variability and persistence of phytoplankton species in a sub-basin of the upper Paraná River floodplain, which included a large temporal scale and several environments, during potamophasis and limnophasis periods. In the first, a long-term study was conducted, covering 12 hydrosedimentological cycles, on variability of phytoplankton biovolume and functional groups, involving the Baía River, a connected lake and a isloated lake. Was measured the influence of extreme hydrological periods, being one with a long limnophasis period and another one with a conspicuous potamophase, we analyzed the effects of these periods on the phytoplankton variability and persistence in the Baía River basin. Was evaluated the distribution and spatiotemporal dominance of cyanobacteria populations during two hydrosedimentological cycles, in the Baía river, in four connected lakes, four isolated lakes and two active channels. Established that the stability and temporal variability of biovolume and functional groups were linked to seasonal and interannual variability of limnophasis and potamophasis periods, which in turn, were related to long-term effects of climate variability and anthropogenic events. The results showed that the extension of limnophasis decresead the phytoplankton richness and influenced the pattern of dominance and persistence of species. There was also an increase of cyanobacteria in the sub-basin of the Baía River due to the lower connectivity of habitat and the highest concentrations of nutrients during limnophasis.
    Description: Realizou-se um estudo acerca da variabilidade interanual e da persistência de espécies fitoplanctônicas em uma sub-bacia da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, que incluiu uma ampla escala temporal e diversos ambientes, durante períodos de potamofase e limnofase. Sobre as abordagens do estudo, inicialmente foi avaliado um estudo de longa duração, abrangendo 12 ciclos hidrossedimentológicos, sobre a variabilidade do biovolume e dos grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos, envolvendo o rio Baía, um lago conectado e um lago sem conexão; A avaliação da influência de períodos hidrológicos extremos, sendo um longo período de limnofase e outro com potamofase conspícua, e analisada seus efeitos sobre a variabilidade e persistência fitoplanctônica no rio Baía, em um lago conectado e um lago sem conexão e a distribuição e dominância espaço-temporal das populações de cianobactérias durante dois ciclos hidrossedimentológicos, no rio Baía, em quatro lagos conectados, quatro lagos sem conexão e dois canais ativos. Estabeleceu-se que a estabilidade e a variabilidade temporal do biovolume e dos GFs estiveram ligadas à variabilidade sazonal e interanual dos períodos de limnofase e potamofase, que por sua vez, estiveram relacionados aos efeitos em longo prazo da variabilidade dos eventos climáticos e antropogênicos. Acrescentou que o prolongamento da limnofase interferiu negativamente na riqueza fitoplanctônica e influenciou o padrão de dominância e persistência das espécies. Observou a tendência de aumento de cianobactérias na sub-bacia do rio Baía em função da menor conectividade dos habitat e das maiores concentrações de nutrientes durante a limnofase.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Brazil ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Cyanobacteria ; Phytoplankton ; River ; Long-Term study ; Floodplain lake ; Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Rio ; Estabilidade ; Estudo de longa duração ; Lago de inundação ; Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Cianobactérias ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Stability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 109pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of the precipitation volume over the abundance, species richness and community structure of the ciliate community associated with the tanks of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., in a riparian vegetation of the Paraná River. It was intended, yet, to verify if the size of the tanks and the water volume accumulated in each one of those influences the attributes (species richness and abundance) of the ciliate community, and also if plants that are geographically closer have similarity in the species composition and in the structure of the ciliate community. The study was conducted at the left border of the Paraná River, which is characterized by the presence of several rocky walls that allow the establishment of populations of epiphytic plants. The samplings were performed in the year of 2010, with three samplings in the dry season and three in the rainy season, in three layers of the rock walls (lower, middle, and upper). A total of 72 samples were taken (four individuals in each layer) in both periods. The values of species richness ranged from two to 20 species in the dry season and from six to 25 species in the rainy season, which presented values significantly higher than the dry season, whereas the differences between the layers did not present values significantly distinct. Regarding the species abundance, it were recorded average values from 0,04 to 238 ind.mL-1 in the dry season and from 0,02 to 477 ind.mL-1 in the rainy season. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the values of species abundance did not differ significantly for both season and layers. An Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) evidenced that the structure of the ciliate community changed substantially due to the rainfall. On the other hand, simple regression analysis evidenced only a reverse relation between individual densities and water volume, and none relation neither between this variable with the species richness nor between the sizes of the tanks with the community attributes. In the same way, the Mantel's tests showed that there was no spatial structuring neither in species composition nor in the structure of the ciliate community associated with the tanks of the bromeliad A. distichantha.
    Description: Diversas pesquisas foram realizadas sobre ambientes e hábitats da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, mas ainda são inéditos estudos que abordem as comunidades aquáticas que habitam o fitotelmo. Portanto, é imprescindível investigar a influência do regime pluviométrico sobre a densidade, riqueza de espécies e estrutura da comunidade de ciliados associados aos tanques da bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem., em uma mata ciliar na margem esquerda do rio Paraná. A determinação foi para a investigação quanto ao tamanho dos tanques das plantas e o volume de água acumulado em cada um deles, como influenciaram nos atributos da comunidade de ciliados e, também, se as plantas mais próximas geograficamente possuem similaridades na composição da comunidade de ciliados. A área de estudo caracteriza-se por diversos paredões rochosos com plantas epifíticas. Realizaram-se seis coletas no ano de 2010, sendo três na estação seca e três na estação chuvosa, em três diferentes estratos dos paredões rochosos (superior, médio, inferior). A cada amostragem, foram coletados quatro indivíduos de A. distichantha em cada um dos estratos, perfazendo-se um total de 72 amostras. Valores de riqueza de espécies variaram de duas a 20 espécies na estação recursos e de seis a 25 espécies na estação chuvosa, sendo que houve diferenças significativas entre os períodos, enquanto que não foram registradas diferenças significativas entre os estratos. Em relação à densidade das espécies foram registrados valores médios entre 0,04 e 238 ind.mL-1 no período seco e de 0,02 a 477 ind.mL-1 no período chuvoso. Uma Análise de Variância (ANOVA) resultou em não diferenças significativas, tanto entre os períodos quanto entre os estratos. Uma Análise de Correspondência Destendencionada (DCA) mostrou que estrutura da comunidade de ciliados mudou substancialmente em função da pluviometria. Por outro lado, análises de regressão simples evidenciaram apenas relação inversa entre densidade de indivíduos e volume de água e nenhuma relação desta variável com a riqueza de espécies ou entre tamanho dos tanques com os atributos da comunidade. Os testes de Mantel demonstraram que não houve estruturação espacial da composição de espécies nem da estrutura da comunidade de ciliados associados aos tanques da bromélia A. distichantha.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Community structure ; Ciliates ; Phytotelms ; Density ; Tank bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem ; Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Brazil ; Fitotelmos ; Bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Ciliados (Protozoa, Ciliophora) ; Estrutura ; Comunidades ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Species richness
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 39pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Invasions are a threat to biodiversity because non-native species can lead to several ecologic and economic impacts in invaded ecosystems. Propagule pressure and biotic resistance are mechanisms that influence invasive species success. Hydrilla verticillata is a submerged macrophyte that was introduced worldwide, including the Paraná River basin. We hypothesized that H. verticillata establishment is affected negatively by a native competitor (biotic resistance), but it is positively influenced by propagule pressure. To test our hypothesis we developed a fully cross experiment outdoor, using the native isoetid-like Echinodorus tenellus as competitor, at different levels of propagule pressure. Propagule pressure was effective in increasing H. verticillata colonization while biotic resistance only decreased the development of hydrilla roots, but it was not enough to prevent hydrilla colonization even at the lowest propagule pressure. We conclude that propagule pressure is an important determinant of hydrilla success and that E. tenellus does not prevent hydrilla establishment. The lack of effect of this native macrophyte on H. verticillata success is likely related to the fact that the former species is a typical isoetid like-plant, what makes it to be competitively inferior to eloideids like the latter species.
    Description: Invasões biológicas são uma ameaça a biodiversidade. Espécies não-nativas são potenciais causadoras de impactos ecológicos e econômicos nos locais invadidos. A pressão de propágulos e a resistência biótica são mecanismos que influenciam diretamente se uma espécie exótica conseguirá ou não se estabelecer. Hydrilla verticillata é uma macrófita submersa que se dispersou em diversos locais do mundo. Formulou-se a hipótese que o estabelecimento de H. verticillata é afetado negativamente por um competidor nativo (resistência biótica) e positivamente pela pressão de propágulos. Para testar essa hipótese, desenvolveu-se um experimento fatorial cruzado ao ar livre, usando a nativa competidora Echinodorus tenellus, cuja forma biológica é semelhante a uma isoetid, a diferentes pressões de propágulos. A pressão de propágulos foi efetiva em aumentar a colonização de H. verticillata, enquanto que a resistência biótica apenas reduziu o desenvolvimento das raízes de H. verticillata. Isso não foi suficiente para impedir a colonização de H. verticillata mesmo nos tratamentos de baixa pressão de propágulos. Concluiu-se que a pressão de propágulos é um importante determinante no sucesso de hydrilla e que E. tenellus não impede o estabelecimento de H. verticillata. A falta de efeito da macrófita nativa no sucesso da hydrilla está provavelmente relacionado ao fato de que a espécie nativa tem seu tipo biológico parecido com uma isoetid. Isso a torna competitivamente inferior as com tipo biológico parecido com as elodeids assim como a espécie invasora.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Floodplain ; Paraná River ; Brazil ; Planície de inundação ; Experimento ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Macrophyte ; Alien ; Exotic ; Experiment ; Establishment ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Espécies aquáticas invasoras ; Invasões biológicas ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, 1839 (Hydrocharitaceae) ; Competição ; Hydrilla ; Estabelecimento ; Alien ; Invasion biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: The zooplankton diversity is mainly influenced by local factors, such as area, structure and productivity, which interfere in the occurrence of the species. We assessed the degree of importance of local factors (pond area, macrophytes coverage and chlorophyll-α) on the zooplankton diversity; and If organisms with different lifestyles (planktonic and non-planktonic) responds similarly to these factors, in 23 lakes of a Neotropical floodplain. Of the 150 identified species, 67 are planktonic, and 83, non-planktonic. According to the ranking of the factors influence on the diversity, the product TREE was the formation of four groups. The first group was determined according to the macrophytes coverage. In these lakes there was the greatest species diversity, and the mainly contribution was non-planktonic species. The area was the second most important factor on diversity, separating the bigger lakes than the smaller lakes. The third factor in hierarchical order of importance, which separated the smaller lakes in two groups was the concentration of chlorophyll-a. In these lakes, there was a greater contribution of planktonic species. With the deconstruction of community based on the life habits of the species, it was observed that the diversity of planktonic species was positively related to the area and negatively with the concentration of chlorophyll-α and macrophytes coverage. The opposite was observed for non-planktonic species, which were positively related to macrophytes coverage, and negatively with the area and the concentration of chlorophyll-α. The cover of macrophytes was the most important factor for the community diversity. The maintenance and management of this vegetation are relevant strategies to enhance the structure of the environment, and assist in the conservation of aquatic biodiversity. Additionally, the organisms' strategy of life (planktonic and non-planktonic) defines the area, structuring the environment and productivity effect on diversity.
    Description: A diversidade zooplanctônica é influenciada principalmente por fatores locais, como área, estruturação e produtividade, que interferem na ocorrência das espécies. Foi avaliado o grau de importância dos fatores locais (área da lagoa, cobertura de macrófitas e concentração de clorofila-α) sobre a diversidade zooplanctônica; e se os organismos com diferentes hábitos de vida (planctônicos e não planctônico) respondem de maneira semelhante a esses fatores, em 23 lagoas de uma planície de inundação Neotropical. Das 150 espécies identificadas, 67 são planctônicas, e 83, não planctônicas. De acordo com a hierarquização dos fatores locais sobre a diversidade, o produto da árvore de regressão (TREE) foi a formação de quatro grupos. O primeiro grupo foi determinado em função da cobertura de macrófitas. Nessas lagoas observou-se a maior diversidade de espécies, sendo a contribuição, especialmente, de espécies não planctônicas. A área foi o segundo fator de maior importância sobre a diversidade, separando as lagoas maiores das menores. O terceiro fator em ordem hierárquica de importância, que separou as lagoas menores em dois grupos, foi a concentração de clorofila-α. Nestas lagoas, houve uma maior contribuição de espécies planctônicas. Com a desconstrução da comunidade baseada no hábito de vida das espécies, foi observado que a diversidade de espécies planctônicas esteve positivamente relacionada com a área e com a concentração de clorofila-α, e negativamente com a cobertura de macrófitas. O oposto foi observado para as espécies não planctônicas, que estiveram positivamente relacionadas com a cobertura de macrófitas, e negativamente, com a área e a concentração de clorofila-α. A cobertura de macrófitas foi o fator mais importante para a diversidade da comunidade. A manutenção e manejo dessa vegetação são estratégias relevantes para aumentar a estruturação do ambiente, e auxiliar na conservação da biodiversidade aquática. Ainda, a estratégia de vida dos organismos (planctônico e não planctônico) define o efeito da área, estruturação do ambiente e da produtividade sobre a diversidade.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Deconstruction of the community ; Upper Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Brazil ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Species diversity ; Ciências Ambientais ; Macrophytes coverage ; Chlorophyll-α ; Species-area relationship ; Habit of life ; Hierarchical importance ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Desconstrução ; Clorofila-α ; Relação espécie-área ; Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidade, Ecologia de ; Diversidade ; Planície de inundação ; Importância hierárquica ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837, is one of the most abundant fish species in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, where the region has to occur after the flooding of the Seven Falls for the construction of the Itaipu reservoir in 1983. To the knowledge of gill parasite fauna this fish were analyzed 61 specimens. Fish were collected in February 2008, in the upper Paraná River floodplain, in ponds of Paraná subsystems, Ivinheima and Baia. Parasites of 15 taxa were collected, these three groups of metazoans: Monogenea, Digeneans and Acarina. This fish includes a variety of species belonging to monogenetic Dactylogyridae family and representatives of two subfamilies - Anacanthorinae and Ancyrocephalinae differentiated mainly by morphological characteristics of sclerotized structures (sclerites haptor and the copulatory complex). host of features as standard length (LS), sex and relative condition factor (Kn) of the host, in general, did not influence the prevalence, wealth, abundance and diversity of parasites. abundance patterns, wealth, dominance, Brillouin diversity and co-occurrence of the parasites, as well as ordering gradients based on the abundance indicated differences between infracommunities of gill parasites of subsystems, primarily highlighting the differences between infracommunities parasites of Paraná and Baia subsystems. The subsystem Ivinheima presented an intermediate position to the other, as the gill parasites of S. marginatus. The absence of interspecific associations between species most prevalent parasites in different subsystems analyzed and the lack of correlation between infrapopulations of parasites with the characteristics of each host demonstrates the important role of habitat features in the structure of S. gill parasites infracommunities marginatus of the subsystems of the Upper Paraná river floodplain.
    Description: Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837, é uma das espécies de peixes mais abundantes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, região onde passou a ocorrer após a inundação das Sete Quedas pela construção do reservatório de Itaipu em 1983. Para o conhecimento da fauna parasitária branquial desse peixe foram analisados 61 espécimes. Os peixes foram coletados em fevereiro de 2008, na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, em lagoas dos subsistemas Paraná, Ivinheima e Baia. Parasitos de 15 táxons foram coletados, esses de três grupos de metazoários: Monogenea, Digenea e Acarina. Esse peixe apresentou uma grande variedade de espécies de monogenéticos pertencentes a família Dactylogyridae e representantes de duas subfamílias - Anacanthorinae e Ancyrocephalinae, diferenciados principalmente pelas características morfológicas das estruturas esclerotizadas (escleritos do haptor e complexo copulatório). Características do hospedeiro como o comprimento padrão (LS), sexo e fator de condição relativo (Kn) do hospedeiro, em geral, não influenciaram na prevalência, riqueza, abundância e diversidade de parasitos. Padrões de abundância, riqueza, dominância, diversidade Brillouin e coocorrência dos parasitos, assim como gradientes de ordenação baseado na abundância indicaram diferenças entre as infracomunidades de parasitos branquiais dos subsistemas, destacando principalmente as diferenças entre as infracomunidades de parasitos dos subsistemas Paraná e Baia. O subsistema Ivinheima apresentou uma posição intermediária aos demais, quanto os parasitos branquiais de S. marginatus. A ausência de associações interespecíficas entre as espécies de parasitos mais prevalentes nos diferentes subsistemas analisados e a falta de correlações entre as infrapopulações de parasitos com as características de cada hospedeiro demonstra o importante papel das características do hábitat na estruturação das infracomunidades de parasitos branquiais de S. marginatus dos subsistemas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Morfologia ; Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 ; Subsistemas ; Parasitismo animal ; Parasitos branquiais ; Piranha ; Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 (Characiformes: Serrasalminae) ; Aspectos ecológicos ; Taxonomia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 86pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: Hydrilla verticillata is an invasive aquatic macrophyte widely distributed and may have its growth limited by inorganic carbon (IC) availability, related to global changes, and by biotic resistance provided by native species. We evaluated the effects of IC availability and biotic resistance provided by the native macrophyte Egeria najas on H. verticillata, and the phenotypic plasticity strategy of this invasive species, in mesocoms with different IC concentrations and in the presence or absence of E. najas. H. verticillata showed the best performance through Jack-and-master strategy, which joints fitness robustness under conditions of low availability of IC and capacity to increase fitness when the resource becomes abundant. This species showed a higher relative growth rate both in high IC availability, showing its high capacity for exploitation of this resource, and when co-occurring with E. najas (biotic resistance). H. verticillata showed higher root:shoot ratio than E. najas suggesting better capacity of harvesting sediment resources. The high sprouts number showed by H. verticillata gives it a greater dispersion capacity, which is consistent with invasive plants´ strategies. Finally, its high growth under the presence of the native species, compared to mesocosms where it had grown individually, showed that there may be facilitation effect by the native species. Thus, environments with high IC availability as well as environments with the presence of native species may be prone to invasion by H. verticillata.
    Description: Hydrilla verticillata é uma macrófita aquática invasora amplamente distribuída e pode ter seu crescimento limitado pela disponibilidade de carbono inorgânico (CI), uma variável relacionada às mudanças globais, e pela resistência biótica oferecida por espécies nativas. Os efeitos da disponibilidade de CI e da resistência biótica oferecida pela macrófita nativa Egeria najas sobre H. verticillata, e a estratégia de plasticidade fenotípica dessa espécie invasora foram avaliados em mesocosmos com diferentes concentrações de CI e na presença ou ausência de E. najas. H. verticillata apresentou o melhor desempenho através da estratégia ?Jack-and-master?, que une robustez de fitness em condições de baixa disponibilidade de CI à capacidade de aumentar o fitness quando o recurso se torna abundante. Essa espécie apresentou maior taxa de crescimento relativo em altas disponibilidades de CI, mostrando sua alta capacidade de aproveitamento desse recurso, e na presença de E. najas (resistência biótica). H. verticillata teve maior razão raiz:ramos do que E. najas, sugerindo melhor capacidade de captação de recursos do sedimento. O elevado número de brotos em H. verticillata a confere maior capacidade de dispersão, o que é condizente com estratégias de plantas invasoras. Por fim, seu elevado crescimento na presença da espécie nativa, comparativamente aos mesocosmos onde cresceu individualmente, mostrou que pode haver efeito de facilitação por parte da nativa. Dessa forma, ambientes com maior disponibilidade de CI bem como ambientes com a presença da espécie nativa, podem ser favoráveis à invasão por H. verticillata.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Floodplain ; Brazil ; Planície de inundação ; Alto rio Paraná ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Biological invasions ; Alkalinity ; Aquatic macrophytes ; Upper Paraná River ; Global change ; Mudanças climáticas ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Invasões biológicas ; Jack-and-master ; Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) ; Alcalinidade ; Plasticidade fenotípica ; Mudanças globais ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Jack-and-master
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Aquatic macrophytes play an important role on the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems increasing the habitat heterogeneity and favoring a high biodiversity. In this way, this study evaluated the influence of structural complexity from different species of aquatic macrophytes on the structure of periphytic testate amoebae, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. The macrophytes were categorized along a growing gradient of complexity to test the hypothesis that the species richness and diversity, beyond the abundance, increase positively along this gradient. All groups presented a concordant increase between the complexity and abundance values. The species richness varied among the different complexity degrees, and, in general, high values were recorded at more complex macrophytes. The total species diversity, the testate amoebae and rotifers diversity were also significantly correlated to structural complexity gradient. The relationships between the attributes of different assemblages and the complexity degree of aquatic macrophytes were related to the size and life history of studied groups. Our results allow arguing that not only structural complexity, but also the habitat heterogeneity is determinant for the maintenance of biodiversity from aquatic environments.
    Description: Macrófitas aquáticas desempenham um importante papel na estrutura e funcionamento dos ecossistemas aquáticos incrementando a heterogeneidade do hábitat e favorecendo uma alta diversidade biológica. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da complexidade estrutural de diferentes espécies de macrófitas aquáticas sobre a estrutura das assembléias de amebas testáceas, rotíferos, cladóceros e copépodes perifíticos. As macrófitas foram categorizadas em um gradiente crescente de complexidade para se testar a hipótese de que a riqueza e diversidade de espécies, além da abundância dos organismos, aumentam positivamente ao longo deste gradiente. Todos os grupos apresentaram aumento concordante entre a complexidade e os valores de abundância. O número de táxons observado variou entre os diferentes graus de complexidade, sendo, em geral, os maiores valores registrados em macrófitas mais complexas. A diversidade total de espécies, das amebas testáceas e dos rotíferos foi correlacionada significativamente com o gradiente de complexidade estrutural. As relações entre os atributos das diferentes assembléias e o grau de complexidade das macrófitas estiveram relacionadas com o tamanho e modo de vida dos grupos estudados. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que não só a complexidade estrutural, mas também a heterogeneidade de habitats é determinante para a manutenção da biodiversidade dos ambientes aquáticos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Brazil ; Brasil ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Periphyton ; Ciências Ambientais ; Diversity ; Heterogeneity ; Macrophytes ; Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Ecologia de comunidades ; Microorganismos perifíticos ; Planície de inundação ; Complexidade de habitat ; Perifíton ; Diversidade ; Complexidade de habitat ; Heterogeneidade ; Alto rio Paraná ; Habitat complexity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 20pp.
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  • 97
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Aquatic communities are influenced by food availability, changing its structuring, reflecting the interactions between organisms and, therefore, the bioenergetics relationships in the food chain. We had to analyze the change of phytoplankton biomass and abundance of ciliated protozoa alters the body size distribution of rotifers and cladocerans and their abundances in the different size classes structuring these communities. The hypothesis that environments where there is greater availability of food will be more abundant and predominance of smaller organizations; the opposite is expected for environments with lower availability of resources, which will lower abundance and dominance of larger organisms. Significant positive relationships were observed between the classes of small size of rotifers and small and mid-size class cladocerans and the concentration of chlorophyll-a and abundance of ciliates. Lower classes size of both groups dominated environments with higher resource availability, while the classes of greater Cladocera size dominated environments with lower resource availability, suggesting competitive advantage of large cladocerans on other rotifers and cladocerans when is scarce.
    Description: As comunidades aquáticas são influenciadas pela disponibilidade de alimento, modificando suas estruturações, o que reflete nas interações entre os organismos e, por conseguinte, nas relações bioenergéticas das cadeias alimentares. Tivemos por objetivo analisar se a variação da biomassa fitoplanctônica e abundância de protozoários ciliados alteram a distribuição de tamanho corpóreo de rotíferos e cladóceros e suas abundâncias dentro das diferentes classes de tamanho que estruturam essas comunidades. Tendo como hipótese que, ambientes onde ocorre maior disponibilidade de alimento haverá maior abundância e predominância de organismos de menor tamanho; o oposto é esperado para ambientes com menor disponibilidade de recursos, onde terá menor abundância e predominância de organismos de maior tamanho. Foram observadas relações positivas significativas entre as classes de tamanho pequeno de rotíferos, e classe de tamanho pequeno e médio de cladóceros e a concentração de clorofila-a e abundância de ciliados. As classes de menor tamanho de ambos os grupos dominaram os ambientes com maior disponibilidade de recurso, enquanto que as classes de maior tamanho de cladóceros dominaram ambientes com menor disponibilidade de recurso, sugerindo uma vantagem competitiva dos cladóceros grandes sobre os demais rotíferos e cladóceros quando o recurso é escasso.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Brazil ; Planície de inundação ; Competição ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Zooplankton ; Abundance ; Food source ; Competition ; Body size ; Protozoários ciliados ; Cladóceros ; Tamanho corpóreo ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Zooplâncton de água doce ; Rotíferos ; Clorofila-a ; Abundância ; Recurso alimentar ; Ciências Ambientais
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 98
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: Lately the primary tropical forests have experienced a fast devastation, while the secondary forests have enlarged significantly throughout the years. Due to the importance that this kind of forest has taken regarding the plans of restoration and conservation, a wider understanding of its organization and functioning, considering the different forms of life, has been necessary. Aiming at comparing the composition and structure of the herb-shrub compound between two forest areas with different ages of recovering, as well as the relative influence of the topography and canopy opening about the organization of the community, vegetation and environmental data were collected in 24 contiguous plots in each sample area. In the analytical procedure correlograms I by Morgan and partial Mantel tests were used in order to check the correlation between community data and environmental variables. In order to check differences between the sample areas, t tests by Student were applied. Among the vegetation compounds, only the lianas proved to be spatially structured, in both environments, with a similar standard observed to average. In RFID the average was positively correlated with the trees and with the total richness, and negatively with herbs. In fifty-seven-year-old FLT, a significant correlation was observed only between herbs and maximum gap and between average and total richness. By comparing the two areas, significant average differences were not obtained only to the shrub compound and to canopy opening. In general, the structure of the herb-shrub extract has been associated with topographic characteristics, which suggests a strong influence of the flooding regime on the shown area, whereas the canopy opening seems not to exert evident influence on the same.
    Description: As florestas secundárias tem se expandido significativamente nos últimos anos. Dado a importância que as mesmas tem assumido nos planos de restauração e conservação, um entendimento mais abrangente sobre sua organização e funcionamento levando em consideração as diferentes formas de vida tem se revelado necessário. Com o objetivo de comparar a composição e estrutura do componente herbáceo-arbustivo entre duas áreas florestais com diferentes idades de recuperação (RFID- remanescente florestal e FLT- floresta de 57 anos), bem como a influência relativa da topografia e abertura do dossel sobre a organização da comunidade, dados vegetacionais e ambientais foram obtidos em 24 parcelas contíguas em cada área. Foram utilizado correlogramas I de Moran e testes de Mantel parcial para verificar a correlação entre dados da comunidade e variáveis ambientais. Para testar diferenças entre as áreas amostrais foram aplicados testes t de Student. As lianas se mostraram espacialmente estruturadas em ambos os ambientes com um padrão semelhante ao observado para cota média. No RFID a cota média esteve positivamente correlacionado com as arbóreas e com a riqueza total e negativamente às herbáceas, na FLT correlação significativa foi observada somente entre arbóreas e desnível máximo e entre cota e riqueza total. Diferenças significativas entre as duas área não foram obtidas somente para o componente arbustivo e para abertura do dossel. A estrutura do estrato herbáceo-arbustivo tem se mostrado associada às características topográficas, o que sugere forte influência do regime de cheias, ao passo que abertura do dossel parece não exercer grande influência sobre as mesmas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Life forms ; Secondary forest ; Secondary succession ; Brazil ; Formas de vida ; Extrato herbáceo arbustivo ; Sucessão secundária ; Regeneração ; Florestas tropicais ; Florestas tropicais secundárias ; Sucessão ecológica ; Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Regeneration
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 99
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Regarding the flagellate protozoa community, a scientometric study was approached, which focuses on the paths of the world scientific literature produced in fifferent types of environments, focusing primarily on researches on the ecology of these organisms. It represents one of the first major faunal surveys of the flagellate protozoa community in 36 environments (lotic, semilotic and lentic) of the Upper Paraná River floodplain and one of the first studies to identify and assess patterns of spatial distribution of this community in these environments, as well as one of the first studies to identify the factors regulating the spatial distribution of these organisms in this type of ecosystem. The number of publications on flagellate has grown significantly over the years. Altogether 445 studies were found about the flagellate; however, few studies have addressed ecological aspects of this community (only 74 publications). Most research has addressed mainly to the areas of medical interest, as immunology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology and parasitology. Besides that, most of the studies on the flagellates are concentrated in countries with greater economic and scientific development. The main results found in the ecological approach were: (1) The flagellate protozoa community possesses a high species diversity in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, being represented by 171 taxa. (2) The PERMANOVA showed that the patterns of density and species composition of flagellate are different between types of environments (lotic, semilotic and lentic) and between study periods (drought and flood), thus indicating that the structure of this community is influenced by the seasonality of the hydrological regime and by the hydrological connectivity of studied environments. (3) The analysis of spatial autocorrelation and the C-score index revealed that flagellate are spatially structured in environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, in both periods. (4) The partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) pointed out that most of the variation of attributes of the flagellate community remained unexplained (residual variation), and could not be attributed to environmental or spatial factors included in the pRDA. (5) The factors that may have structured the spatial and seasonal variation of flagellate not included in the pRDA probably are the biotic interactions (predation and/or competition) of these organisms with other microbial communities, hydrological and/or morphometric variations, climatic variations and even stochastic events. The results obtained can be used to better support planning the sampling design of studies on microorganisms in floodplains and also to guide the adoption of conservation and management strategies in these ecosystems, as it became clear that, contrary to what was traditionally postulated, not all microorganisms are widely distributed and ttherefore they also need areas targeted for conservation.
    Description: Sobre a comunidade de protozoários flagelados, abordou-se um estudo cienciométrico, para indicar os caminhos da literatura científica mundial produzida sobre esses organismos em diferentes tipos de ambientes, enfatizando principalmente o aspecto ecológico. Representa um dos primeiros grandes inventários faunisticos da comunidade de protozoários flagelados em 36 ambientes (lóticos, semilóticos e lênticos) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, e também um dos primeiros estudos ecológicos a identificar e avaliar os padrões de distribuição espacial desta comunidade nestes ambientes, bem como, um dos primeiros estudos a identificar os fatores reguladores da distribuição espacial destes organismos neste tipo de ecossistema. O número de publicações sobre os flagelados tem crescido significativamente ao longo dos anos. Ao todo foram encontradas 445 publicações a respeito dos flagelados, entretanto, poucos estudos têm abordado aspectos ecológicos desta comunidade (apenas 74 publicações). A maioria das pesquisas tem abordado principalmente às áreas de interesse médico, como, imunologia, bioquímica, genética, biologia molecular e parasitologia. Além disso, as pesquisas sobre os flagelados também evidenciaram concentração nos países que possuem maior desenvolvimento econômico e científico. Os principais resultados encontrados na abordagem ecológica foram: (1) A comunidade de protozários flagelados possui uma elevada diversidade de espécies na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, sendo representada por 171 táxons. (2) A PERMANOVA evidenciou que os padrões de densidade e composição de espécies dos flagelados se diferem tanto entre os tipos de ambientes (lóticos, semilóticos e lênticos) quanto entre os períodos estudados (seca e cheia), demonstrando assim, que a estrutura dessa comunidade é influenciada pela sazonalidade do regime hidrológico e pela conectividade hidrológica dos ambientes estudados. (3) A análise de autocorrelação espacial e o índice de C-escore revelou que os flagelados estão espacialmente estruturados nos ambientes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, em ambos os períodos estudados. (4) A análise de redundância parcial (RDAp) indicou que a maior parte da variação dos atributos da comunidade de flagelados permaneceu inexplicada (variação residual), não podendo ser atribuída nem aos fatores ambientais e nem aos espaciais inclusos na RDAp. (5) Os fatores que podem ter estruturado a variação espacial e sazonal dos flagelados e que não foram inclusos na RDAp, provavelmente, são as interações bióticas (predação e/ou competição) desses organismos com as outras comunidades microbianas, as variações hidrológicas e/ou morfométricas, as variações climáticas e ainda eventos estocásticos. Os resultados obtidos poderão ser usados como ferramenta para o planejamento do desenho amostral de estudos sobre os microrganismos em planícies de inundação. Orientar a adoção de estratégias de manejo e conservação nestes ecossistemas, pois ficou evidente que, ao contrário do que era tradicionalmente postulado, nem todos os microrganismos estão amplamente distribuídos e, por isso, eles também necessitam de áreas voltadas para sua conservação.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Brazil ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Scientometrics ; Ciências Ambientais ; Spatial distribution ; Mastigophora ; Community ecology ; Protoplankton ; Floodplain ; Coocorrência ; Cienciometria ; Mastigophora ; Distribuição espacial ; Protozoários flagelados (Protista: Mastigophora) ; Análise cienciométrica ; Ecologia de comunidades ; Planície de inundação ; Protoplâncton ; Co-occurrence
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 118pp.
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  • 100
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess the Oligochaeta assemblage structure, along exposure period of artificial substrates, relating to some environmental variables, in Different channels of upper Paraná River alluvial plain. The samples for the study of Oligochaeta assemblage in artificial substrates were collected monthly from October 2006 to October 2007, in Baia River, and Ipoitã and Curutuba channels. The two axis of Principal Components Analysis explained 57,57% of data variability total so that the first component described seasonal variations in sampling stations. A total of 6.290 individuals were recorded, after the experiment, in a total of 24 taxa, belonging to families Opistocystidae, Enchytraeidae, Naididae and Tubificidae. The highest Oligochaeta densities were recorded in Baia River and the lowest in the Ipoitã channel. According to Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was observed separation of collection stations and hydrological periods. Correlations verified between the axes of PCA and DCA indicated to water chemical and physical variables influenced the Oligochaeta species composition and density between the channels and collection months. The results obtained in the current study evidenced that the colonization process in artificial substrate by Oligochaeta assemblage differed between hydrological periods and channels, with changes in species composition, density, abundance dominance and richness.
    Description: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura da assembleia de Oligochaeta em substratos artificiais ao longo do período de exposição na coluna de água, relacionandoa com algumas variáveis ambientais, em diferentes canais da planície aluvial do alto rio Paraná. As amostras para o estudo da assembleia de Oligochaeta em substratos artificiais foi coletada mensalmente de outubro de 2006 a outubro de 2007, no rio Baía e canais Curutuba e Ipoitã. Os dois primeiros eixos da análise de componentes principais explicaram 57,57% da variabilidade total dos dados, e o primeiro componente descreveu variações sazonais nas estações de amostragem. Após o experimento, total de 6.290 indivíduos foram registrados com 24 táxons, pertencentes às famílias Opistocystidae, Enchytraeidae, Naididae e Tubificidae. As maiores densidades de Oligochaeta foram registradas no rio Baía e as menores no canal Ipoitã. Baseando-se no diagrama de ordenação da análise de correspondência com remoção do efeito de arco (DCA), observou-se separação das estações de coletas e períodos hidrológicos. As correlações verificadas entre os eixos da PCA e DCA indicaram que as variáveis físicas e químicas da água influenciaram a composição e densidade das espécies de Oligochaeta entre os canais e os meses de coleta. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo evidenciaram que o processo de colonização em substrato artificial pela assembleia de Oligochaeta diferiu entre os períodos hidrológicos e canais, com mudanças na composição, densidade, abundância, dominância e riqueza de espécies.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Alto rio Paraná ; Planície de inundação ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Abundance ; Abiotics variables ; Richness ; Brazil ; Hydrological periods ; Abundância ; Composição ; Variáveis abióticas ; Riqueza ; Oligochaeta (Annelida) ; Substratos artificiais ; Comunidades ; Zoobentos de água doce ; Períodos hidrológicos ; Composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 61pp.
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