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Datenschutz als Vermögensrecht (2020)

Schmidt, Kirsten Johanna

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2021-12-24

Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht die Autorin die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzrechts zu einem Datenhandelsrecht. Sie stellt dar, wie Personendaten bereits heute gehandelt werden können und wo sich Problemfelder insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund von Big Data ergeben. Außerdem veranschaulicht sie bestehende Reformvorschläge, wie z. B. die Einführung eines sogenannten „Dateneigentums“, und misst dies an einer vertieften Analyse des Interessendreiecks beim Datenhandel. Aus der Einordnung in eine Gesamtanalyse lassen sich wichtige Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten.

Keywords: IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Civil Law ; Public Law ; Big Data ; Persönlichkeitsrecht ; Datenverarbeitung ; Datenhandelsrecht ; Immaterialgüterrecht ; Open Access ; Entertainment & media law ; Systems of law: civil codes / civil law ; Private or civil law: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law

Language: German

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Charting Spiritual Care (2020)

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2024-03-31

Description: This open access volume is the first academic book on the controversial issue of including spiritual care in integrated electronic medical records (EMR). Based on an international study group comprising researchers from Europe (The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland), the United States, Canada, and Australia, this edited collection provides an overview of different charting practices and experiences in various countries and healthcare contexts. Encompassing case studies and analyses of theological, ethical, legal, healthcare policy, and practical issues, the volume is a groundbreaking reference for future discussion, research, and strategic planning for inter- or multi-faith healthcare chaplains and other spiritual care providers involved in the new field of documenting spiritual care in EMR. Topics explored among the chapters include: Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment Charting Spiritual Care: Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Aspects Palliative Chaplain Spiritual Assessment Progress Notes Charting Spiritual Care: Ethical Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care in Digital Health: Analyses and Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care: The Emerging Role of Chaplaincy Records in Global Health Care is an essential resource for researchers in interprofessional spiritual care and healthcare chaplaincy, healthcare chaplains and other spiritual caregivers (nurses, physicians, psychologists, etc.), practical theologians and health ethicists, and church and denominational representatives.

Keywords: Health Services Research ; Religion and Health ; Religion and Psychology ; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics ; Health Sciences ; Sociology of Religion ; Psychology of Religion and Spirituality ; healthcare chaplaincy ; spiritual care ; spirituality and health ; professionalization of spiritual care ; integration of spirituality in health care ; electronic medical records (EMR) ; pastoral confidentiality ; models of recording spiritual care ; outcome-oriented chapliancy ; digital health ; health ethics ; religion and health ; interprofessional spiritual care ; legal and theoretical perspectives ; open access ; Health systems & services ; Religious issues & debates ; Psychology ; Religion: general ; Bioethics ; Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics

Language: English

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Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites (2020)

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2024-04-11

Description: This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.

Keywords: Structural Materials ; Metallic Materials ; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials ; Materials Engineering ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Metals and Alloys ; Ceramics ; Steel-Matrix Composite ; Austenitic Stainless Steels ; Powder Metallurgy ; Fracture Toughness ; Mechanical Modeling ; Melt Flow Behavior ; CrMnNi Steels ; Ceramic Casting ; Melt Infiltration ; Open Access ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Metals technology / metallurgy ; Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies::TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCQ Ceramic and glass technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling

Language: English

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The Limits of Art (2020)

Benovsky, Jiri

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2024-04-08

Description: This open access book is about exploring interesting borderline cases of art. It discusses the cases of gustatory and olfactory artworks (focusing on food), proprioceptive artworks (dance, martial arts, and rock climbing qua proprioceptive experiences), intellectual artworks (philosophical and scientific theories), as well as the vague limits between painting and photography. The book focuses on the author’s research about what counts as art and what does not, as well as on the nature of these limits. Overall, the author defends a very inclusive view, 'extending' the limits of art, and he argues for its virtues. Some of the limits discussed concern our senses (our different perceptual modalities), some concern vagueness and fuzzy boundaries between different types of works of art, some concern the amount of human intention and intervention in the process of creation of an artwork, and some concern the border between art and science. In these various ways, by understanding better such borderline cases, Benovsky suggests that we get a better grip on an understanding of the nature of art.

Keywords: Analytic Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Fine Arts ; Fine Art ; Proprioceptive art ; Gustatory art ; Olfactory art ; Visual art ; Intellectual art ; Sensory dependence ; Art and Photography ; Art and Philosophy ; Types of art ; Non-visual and non-auditory artworks ; analyzing paintings and photographs ; borderline cases of art ; vague limits between painting and photography ; Open Access ; Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; Philosophy: aesthetics ; Fine arts: art forms ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF5 Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AF Art forms ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR9 Analytical philosophy and Logical Positivism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms

Language: English

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Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures (2020)

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2024-04-04

Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The 31 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover topics such as categorical models and logics; language theory, automata, and games; modal, spatial, and temporal logics; type theory and proof theory; concurrency theory and process calculi; rewriting theory; semantics of programming languages; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification; logics of programming; software specification and refinement; models of concurrent, reactive, stochastic, distributed, hybrid, and mobile systems; emerging models of computation; logical aspects of computational complexity; models of software security; and logical foundations of data bases.

Keywords: Mathematical Logic and Foundations ; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science ; Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Programming Techniques ; Logic in AI ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; categorical models and logics ; language theory, automata, and games ; modal, spatial, and temporal logics ; type theory and proof theory ; concurrency theory and process calculi ; rewriting theory ; semantics of programming languages ; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification ; logics of programming ; software specification and refinement ; emerging models of computation ; logical aspects of computational complexity ; models of software security ; logical foundations of data bases ; mathematics ; artificial intellegence ; formal logic ; linguistics ; Mathematical foundations ; Mathematical logic ; Discrete mathematics ; Maths for computer scientists ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBD Discrete mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications

Language: English

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Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications (2020)

Springer Nature | Springer

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Publication Date: 2024-04-14

Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in September 2020. The 60 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 111 submissions. The were organized in topical sections on haptic science, haptic technology, and haptic applications. This year's focus is on accessibility.

Keywords: User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Robotics ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computer Vision ; communication systems ; computer networks ; data communication systems ; display devices ; engineering ; haptic devices ; haptic interfaces ; human engineering ; Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) ; mobile computing ; network protocols ; robotics ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; user interfaces ; virtual reality ; wireless telecommunication systems ; User interface design & usability ; Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing

Language: English

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Monthly to seasonal prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature with statistical models constructed from observations and data from the Kiel Climate Model (2020)

Li, Xuewei ; Bordbar, Mohammad Hadi ; Latif, Mojib ; [et al.]

Springer

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Publication Date: 2023-02-08

Description: We explore the predictability of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and the potential influence of climate model bias on SST predictions over the tropical Atlantic. Two statistical methods are used to examine the skill in forecasting tropical Atlantic SST anomalies (SSTAs): linear inverse modeling (LIM) and analogue forecast (AF). The statistical models are trained either with observations or with data from two control integrations of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), which only differ with respect to the resolution of its atmospheric component. Observed SSTAs suggest that Tropical Atlantic climatic changes are potentially predictable at lead times of up to 6 months over large parts of the Tropical Atlantic. The SSTAs from the KCM version employing a high-resolution atmosphere model (KCM-HRES) is potentially predictable at a level comparable to that derived from the observations, whereas the SSTAs from the KCM version employing a low-resolution atmosphere model (KCM-LRES) is considerably less potentially predictable. We show that the enhanced potential predictability in the former KCM version can be very likely related to the improved representation of ENSO-like dynamics and its seasonality. We used the statistical models in true forecast mode, i.e. the prediction schemes were trained from data independent of the forecast period. Using observed SSTAs to train the LIM yields significant skill in forecasting observed SSTAs at lead times of up to 4 months across all calendar months, which is mostly restricted to the northern and equatorial western Tropical Atlantic. Similar patterns, but with lower skill, are found when the models’ SSTAs are used, in which LIM trained with the KCM-HRES generally yields higher skills than that from the KCM-LRES. Applying AF yields significant skills in predicting observed SSTAs over the same regions, but the forecast skills are considerably smaller. When the SSTAs together with either sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies or dynamic sea level (DSL) anomalies from the KCM are used to construct the statistical models, the prediction of observed equatorial Atlantic SSTAs can be improved, with significant skill enhancement at lead times of up to 4 months in limited regions. An optimal initial SSTA pattern is found, which results in the largest transient anomaly growth over the entire domain. Independent of external forces, this amplification is developed internally; meaning that the seasonal forecast might be more sensitive to initial conditions than currently thought.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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Combining 3D seismics, eyewitness accounts and numerical simulations to reconstruct the 1888 Ritter Island sector collapse and tsunami (2020)

Karstens, Jens ; Watt, S. ; Kelfoun, K. ; [et al.]

Springer

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Publication Date: 2023-02-08

Description: The 1888 Ritter Island volcanic sector collapse triggered a regionally damaging tsunami. Historic eyewitness accounts allow the reconstruction of the arrival time, phase and height of the tsunami wave at multiple locations around the coast of New Guinea and New Britain. 3D seismic interpretations and sedimentological analyses indicate that the catastrophic collapse of Ritter Island was preceded by a phase of deep-seated gradual spreading within the volcanic edifice and accompanied by a submarine explosive eruption, as the volcanic conduit was cut beneath sea level. However, the potential impact of the deep-seated deformation and the explosive eruption on tsunami genesis is unclear. For the first time, it is possible to parameterise the different components of the Ritter Island collapse with 3D seismic data, and thereby test their relative contributions to the tsunami. The modelled tsunami arrival times and heights are in good agreement with the historic eyewitness accounts. Our simulations reveal that the tsunami was primarily controlled by the displacement of the water column by the collapsing cone at the subaerial-submarine boundary and that the submerged fraction of the slide mass and its mobility had only a minor effect on tsunami genesis. This indicates that the total slide volume, when incorporating the deep-seated deforming mass, is not directly scalable for the resulting tsunami height. Furthermore, the simulations show that the tsunamigenic impact of the explosive eruption energy during the Ritter Island collapse was only minor. However, this relationship may be different for other volcanogenic tsunami events with smaller slide volumes or larger magnitude eruptions, and should not be neglected in tsunami simulations and hazard assessment.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

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Investigating the role of faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate formation along the southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand (2020)

Hillman, Jess I. T. ; Crutchley, Gareth J. ; Kroeger, Karsten F.

Springer

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Publication Date: 2023-02-08

Description: The Hikurangi Margin off the east coast of the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) is a tectonically active subduction zone and the location of New Zealand’s largest gas hydrate province. Faults are internally complex volumetric zones that may play a significant role in the migration of fluids beneath the seafloor. The combined processes of deformation and fluid migration result in the formation of concentrated hydrate accumulations along accretionary ridges. It is not fully understood to what extent faults control fluid migration along the Hikurangi Margin, and whether deep-seated thrust faults provide a pathway for thermogenic gas to migrate up from sources at depth. Using 2D models based on seismic data from the region we investigated the role of thrust faults in facilitating fluid migration and contributing to the formation of concentrated gas hydrates. By altering permeability properties of the fault zones in these transient state models we can determine whether faults are required to act as fluid flow pathways. In this study we focus on two study sites offshore southern Wairarapa, using realistic yet simplified fault geometries derived from 2D seismic lines. The results of these models allow us to start to disentangle the complex relationship between fault zone structure, permeability, geometry, fluid migration and gas hydrate formation. Based on the model outputs we propose that faults act as primary pathways facilitating fluid migration and are critical in the formation of concentrated gas hydrate deposits.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

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