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  • Books
  • Other Sources  (323)
  • MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT  (323)
  • 1990-1994  (323)
  • 1992  (323)
  • 1
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    Controlled Ecological Life Support System - CELSS (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program, a NASA effort to develop bioregenerative systems which provide required life support elements for crews on long duration space missions or extraterrestrial planetary colonizations, is briefly discussed. The CELSS analytical requirements are defined in relation to the life support objectives and priorities of a CELSS. The first phase of the CELSS Breadboard Concept is shown.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: A lunar-based chemical analysis laboratory (A93-17426 04-51); p. 66-74.
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  • 2
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    The design of virtual spaces and virtual environments (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two examples of displays designed to aid spatial maneuvering are described. The first, a perspective format for a commercial air traffic display, illustrates how geometric distortion may be introduced to insure that an operator can understand a depicted three-dimensional situation. The second, a display for planning small aircraft maneuvers, illustrates how the complex counter-initiative character of orbital maneuvering can be made more tractable by removing higher-order nonlinear control dynamics and allowing independent satisfaction of velocity and plume impingement constraints on orbital changes.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Human vision, visual processing, and digital display III; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Jose, CA, Feb. 10-13, 1992 (A93-33438 12-63); p. 536-540.
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  • 3
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    Human low vision image warping - Channel matching considerations (1992)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We are investigating the possibility that a video image may productively be warped prior to presentation to a low vision patient. This could form part of a prosthesis for certain field defects. We have done preliminary quantitative studies on some notions that may be valid in calculating the image warpings. We hope the results will help make best use of time to be spent with human subjects, by guiding the selection of parameters and their range to be investigated. We liken a warping optimization to opening the largest number of spatial channels between the pixels of an input imager and resolution cells in the visual system. Some important effects are not quantified that will require human evaluation, such as local 'squashing' of the image, taken as the ratio of eigenvalues of the Jacobian of the transformation. The results indicate that the method shows quantitative promise. These results have identified some geometric transformations to evaluate further with human subjects.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Visual information processing; Proceedings of the Meeting, Orlando, FL, Apr. 20-22, 1992 (A93-32438 12-61); p. 304-313.
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  • 4
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    Predictive nosepointing and flightpath displays for air-to-air combat (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: As part of the High-Angle-of-Attack Technology Program (HATP), two integrated pictorial displays have been developed for piloted simulation evaluations and, ultimately, for flight testing on board the F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). The first concept is a nosepointing display which illustrates the range of control the pilot has over the aircraft nose. The second concept is a predictive flightpath display that allows the pilot to see how his current control inputs will affect his aircraft's future position and orientation. The development of both display concepts will be discussed, as well as the results from a piloted simulation experiment in which pilots viewed the flightpath display in a wide-field-of-view Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) while engaged in an air-combat situation.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Helmet-mounted displays III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Orlando, FL, Apr. 21, 22, 1992 (A93-30051 11-54); p. 154-165.
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  • 5
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    An experiment in vision based autonomous grasping within a reduced gravity environment (1992)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Reduced Gravity Program (RGP) offers opportunities for experimentation in gravities of less than one-g. The Extravehicular Activity Helper/Retriever (EVAHR) robot project of the Automation and Robotics Division at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, is undertaking a task that will culminate in a series of tests in simulated zero-g using this facility. A subset of the final robot hardware consisting of a three-dimensional laser mapper, a Robotics Research 807 arm, a Jameson JH-5 hand, and the appropriate interconnect hardware/software will be used. This equipment will be flown on the RGP's KC-135 aircraft. This aircraft will fly a series of parabolas creating the effect of zero-g. During the periods of zero-g, a number of objects will be released in front of the fixed base robot hardware in both static and dynamic configurations. The system will then inspect the object, determine the objects pose, plan a grasp strategy, and execute the grasp. This must all be accomplished in the approximately 27 seconds of zero-g.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 410-420.
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  • 6
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    Safety issues of manipulator systems under computer control (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An overview of the development test flight (DTF-1) mission is presented, and the system design, safety requirements, and safety features are described. The lessons that were learned during the design and early development stages are also presented. The DTF-1 mission objectives are to evaluate: the overall man-machine performance in zero G, Flight Telerobotic Service manipulator design, and workstation design, including handcontrollers and displays. The payload bay and aft flight deck elements, and computer control of the DTF-1 are described. Recommendations for developing and implementing a safety system are presented, and some design alternatives for the next space-qualified telerobotic system are suggested.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 242-250.
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  • 7
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    The Servicing Aid Tool (1992)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Servicing Aid Tool (SAT) is a teleoperated manipulation system designed for use on the NSTS Orbiter. The system will assist EVA servicing of spacecraft such as the Hubble Space Telescope and Explorer platform. SAT components are spaceflight adaptations of existing ground-based designs from Robotics Research and Schilling Development. Fairchild Space is providing the control electronics, safety system, and flight integration. The manipulator consists of a 6-DOF Slave Arm mounted on a 1-DOF Positioning Link in the Payload Bay. The Slave Arm is controlled via a highly similar, 6-DOF, force-reflecting Master Arm. Each slave arm joint receives position commands from the corresponding master arm joint; torque commands are reflected to each master joint based on the current state of the slave joint and the master/slave relationship. Scaled and indexed control will be accommodated, as will various features to ensure safe operation. The paper will focus on the development of the safety system, and operations for the demonstration and servicing missions.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 184-195.
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  • 8
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    Recent developments at the Goddard Engineering Test Bed (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Work on the Flight Telerobotic Service (FTS) since that reported in Leake (1991) is examined, and initial work on a Hubble servicing mission is outlined. A state-of-the-art force reflecting teleoperation system that uses torque control at the joints of the slave manipulator has been implemented. The master rate/slave damper mode proposed by Langley has proved to be a very efficient operational mode, allowing force reflection ratios up to one to one. A software architecture for real-time Ada robotics systems has been proposed, and implementation has been launched. This architecture builds on the lessons learned from NASA Standard Reference Model Architecture and the prototype FTS effort. The Capaciflector sensor has been integrated into the system, and it has been used to perform a basic berthing task autonomously.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 174-183.
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  • 9
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    Telerobotic system performance measurement - Motivation and methods (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A systems performance-based strategy for modeling and conducting experiments relevant to the design and performance characterization of telerobotic systems is described. A developmental testbed consisting of a distributed telerobotics network and initial efforts to implement the strategy described is presented. Consideration is given to the general systems performance theory (GSPT) to tackle human performance problems as a basis for: measurement of overall telerobotic system (TRS) performance; task decomposition; development of a generic TRS model; and the characterization of performance of subsystems comprising the generic model. GSPT employs a resource construct to model performance and resource economic principles to govern the interface of systems to tasks. It provides a comprehensive modeling/measurement strategy applicable to complex systems including both human and artificial components. Application is presented within the framework of a distributed telerobotics network as a testbed. Insight into the design of test protocols which elicit application-independent data is described.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 161-172.
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  • 10
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    Person-like intelligent systems architectures for robotic shared control and automated operations (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An approach to rendering robotic systems as 'personlike' as possible to achieve needed capabilities is outlined. Human characteristics such as knowledge, motivation, know-how, performance, achievement and individual differences corresponding to propensities and abilities can be supplied, within limits, with computing software and hardware to robotic systems provided with sufficiently rich sensory configurations. Pushing these limits is the developmental path for more and more personlike robotic systems. The portions of the Person Concept that appear to be most directly relevant to this effort are described in the following topics: reality concepts (the state-of-affairs system and descriptive formats, behavior as intentional action, individual persons (person characteristics), social patterns of behavior (social practices), and boundary conditions (status maxims). Personlike robotic themes and considerations for a technical development plan are also discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Cooperative intelligent robotics in space III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Nov. 16-18, 1992 (A93-29101 10-54); p. 149-160.
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