ALBERT

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Seismic Wave Analysis for Near Surface Applications presents the foundational tools necessary to properly analyze surface waves acquired according to both active and passive techniques. Applications range from seismic hazard studies, geotechnical surveys and the exploration of extra-terrestrial bodies. Surface waves have become critical to near-surface geophysics both for geotechnical goals and seismic-hazard studies. Included in this book are the related theories, approaches and applications which the lead editor has assembled from a range of authored contributions carefully selected from the latest developments in research. A unique blend of theory and practice, the book's concepts are based on exhaustive field research conducted over the past decade from the world's leading seismologists and geophysicists. * Edited by a geophysicist with nearly 20 years of experience in research, consulting, and geoscience software development.*Nearly 100 figures, photographs, and examples aid in the understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques* Presents the latest research in seismic wave characteristics and analysis, the fundamentals of signal processing, wave data acquisition and inversion, and the latest developments in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR).* Each chapter features a real-world case study-13 in all-to bring the book's key principles to life.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Content: PART ONE RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Geology of Geothermal Regions 2. Exploration Strategies and Techniques 3. Geothermal Well Drilling 4. Reservoir Engineering PART TWO GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS 5. Single-Flash Steam Power Plants 6. Double-Flash Steam Power Plants 7. Dry-Steam Power Plants 8. Binary Cycle Power Plants 9. Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems 10. Hot Dry Rock/Enhanced Geothermal Systems/Deep Hydrothermal Systems 11. Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems PART THREE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CASE STUDIES 12. Larderello Dry-Steam Power Plants, Tuscany, Italy 13. The Geysers Dry-Steam Power Plants, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California, U.S.A. 14. Cerro Prieto Power Station, Baja California Norte, Mexico 15. Hatchobaru Power Station, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan 16. Mutnovsky Flash-Steam Power Plant, Kamchakta Peninsula, Russia 17. Miravalles Power Station, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica 18. Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA 19. Magmamax Binary Power Plant, East Mesa, Imperial Valley California, USA 20. Raft River Plants, Idaho, USA 21. Kizildere and Salavatli Plants, Turkey 22. Nesjavellir and Hellisheidi Plants, Iceland 23. Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "The geochemistry and chemistry of sulfur, iron and iron sulfides in sedimentary systems is reviewed. Sulfur microbiology is described and the microbial ecology of sulfidic sediments is discussed. Sulfur and iron stable isotope biochemistry is addressed against the background of recent advances in this field with respect to sedimentary and microbial systems. Environmental aspects of the present sedimentary sulfur cycle are considered with special references to the development of euxinia and global anoxic events. The biogeochemistry of ancient sulphur-rich sediments is considered and the evolution of the sedimentary sulfur system is discussed against the background of the evolution of the Earth surface environment. The evolution of the sulfur biome and its impact of the early development of life on Earth are discussed."--Cover

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "Physical Properties of Rocks - a Workbook" is a symbiosis of a brief description of physical fundamentals of rock properties (based on typical experimental results and relevant theories and models) with a guide for practical use of different theoretical concepts. For this purpose a companion web site contains a selection of model based equations in excel worksheets for practical application and training by the user to work with his own data or to "play" in order to demonstrate the effects of various input information and to demonstrate the effects of various input information in petrophysical work. In two special chapters the problem of relationships between petrophysical parameters based on various model concepts is presented as a foundation for combined interpretation. This part also contains the author's 'structured model'. The workbook is a result of the more than 40 years experience of the author in teaching at universities and industrial courses. It presents all practical relevant properties of rock in one volume. It offers experimental and theoretical fundamentals in a systematic framework. It gives special focus on relationships between properties. - Contents: 1. Rocks - their classification and composition Overview, Introduction Igneous (magmatic) rocks Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks 2. Pore space properties Overview, Introduction Porosity Specific internal surface Fluids in the pore space - the term "saturation" Permeability Wettability Fluid distribution - capillary pressure in a reservoir 3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) petrophysical properties Physical origin, the principle of a NMR-measurement Description of the relaxation process (longitudinal and transverse relaxation) NMR Relaxation mechanisms of fluids in pores and fluid-surface effects Bulk relaxation and surface relaxation Diffusion-induced relaxation Description of relaxation as a multi-exponential decay - data inversion Applications Porosity and pore volume partitioning Pore size, capillary pressure and permeability estimate Fluid (hydrocarbon) typing 4 Density Definition and units Density of rock constituents Density of rocks 5 .Nuclear/Radioactive Properties Fundamentals Natural radioactivity Origin of natural gamma radiation Potassium, Uranium, and Thorium in minerals Potassium, uranium, and thorium content of rocks Spectral and integral measurements - the API unit Applications Radioactive heat generation Gamma Interactions Fundamentals Gamma-Gamma-PE measurement for mineral identification Gamma-Gamma-Density measurement and porosity estimate Neutron interactions Fundamentals Porosity from neutron measurements 6. Elastic Properties Fundamentals Results of experimental investigations, empirical equations Rock constituents Velocity of igneous and metamorphic rocks Velocity of sedimentary rocks Relationships between Vp and Vs - the Castagna equation AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) - basic principles and link to physical properties Anisotropy Theories Overview Bounds for elastic moduli: Voigt, Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds Sphere pack models nclusion models A simpified model for fractured rocks Gassman and Biot model - modelling of fluid effects The problem of multiphase pore fluids Inelastic properties - attenuation of elastic waves Overview, definition and units Absorption of elastic waves in rocks - overview Absorption of seismic waves in igneous rocks Absorption of seismic waves in sedimentary rocks Absorption mechanisms . 7 . Electrical properties Fundamentals Electrical properties of rock components Minerals - solid components Pore fluids Specific electrical resistivity of Rocks Overview The specific electrical resistivity of porous clean rocks - Archies equations Partial water saturation Archie - rocks: Theories and models Sheet models Inclusion models Capillary models Shaly sands Introduction - The Shaly Sand Problem Laminated Shaly Sands - the Poupon Equation Dispersed Shaly Sand - the Waxman-Smits Equation Dual Water Model Simandoux Equation (1963) Indonesia Equation Comparison of some shaly sand equations Dielectric properties of rocks Conduction and Polarization - the complex nature of the two processes Experimental results - the real component of permittivity Theories and models Spectral Induced Polarization Basic mechanisms Traditional parameters of IP measurements IP in ore containing rocks IP in porous rocks 8. Thermal Properties Thermal properties of minerals and pore contents Thermal properties of rocks - experimental data Overview Thermal properties of magmatic and metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Some notes about thermal expansion Theories and models Sheet models - series and parallel model Sheet models - modifications and comparable mixing rules Inclusion models 9. Magnetic properties Basics and units Magnetic properties of rock constituents Magnetic properties of rocks Overview - Rock Magnetization Susceptibility range for rock types - induced magnetization Correlations between susceptibility and content of magnetic substances Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) 10. Geomechanical properties Overview, Introduction Classification parameters Fundamental geomechanical properties and processes Correlation between static and dynamic moduli Correlation between geophysical properties and strength properties 11. Relationships between petrophysical properties - fundamentals of combined interpretation Introduction and motivation Empirical equations Relationships based on sheet models Fundamentals of combined interpretation volume based models Determination of volumetric rock composition (mineral fractions, porosity) of porous rocks - 12. Model with internal structure and bonding properties The concept of a "structured model" Porosity Electrical properties - resistivity Elastic wave velocities General equation Discussion of the "porosity-factor" Discussion of the "contact elasticity-factor" Change of structure and bonding Strength properties - a relationship between velocity and strength

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. The issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions; and course book based on course well completion design by TRACS International. The book is unique in its field: coverage of offshore, subsea, and landbased completions in all of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world. It comes in full colour features.