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  • Articles  (224)
  • Rats  (224)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (224)
  • 1975-1979  (224)
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  • Articles  (224)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (224)
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  • 1
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    A direct role of dopamine in the rat subthalamic nucleus and an adjacent intrapeduncular area (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: The subthalamic nucleus, a clinically important component of the extrapyramidal motor system, and a lateral area extending into the peduncle contain catecholamine terminals and dopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. In addition, dopamine agonists administered in vivo enhance glucose utilization in the region. Thus, neuronal function in this region is directly affected by dopamine and dopaminergic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, L L -- Markman, M H -- Wolfson, L I -- Dvorkin, B -- Warner, C -- Katzman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Catecholamines/pharmacology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extrapyramidal Tracts/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Glucose/metabolism ; Male ; Mesencephalon/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Spontaneous diabetes mellitus: reversal and prevention in the BB/W rat with antiserum to rat lymphocytes (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: Injections of rabbit antiserum to rat lymphocytes reversed hyperglycemia in 36 percent of spontaneously diabetic rats (Bio Breeding/Worcester) and prevented diabetes in susceptible nondiabetic controls. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that cell-mediated autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal model that mimics many morpholigic and physiologic characteristics of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Like, A A -- Rossini, A A -- Guberski, D L -- Appel, M C -- Williams, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/388619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum/*therapeutic use ; *Autoimmune Diseases ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; Immunosuppression ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology ; Isoantibodies ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Generation by insulin of a chemical mediator that controls protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: Deproteinized skeletal muscle extracts free of major nucleotides from control and insulin-treated rats were fractionated and assayed for inhibition of protein phosphorylation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent and -independent protein kinases. A differential effect of insulin on a particular fraction was observed on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase but not on cyclic AMP-independent protein kinases. This fraction that inhibited cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase also stimulated glycogen synthase phosphoprotein phosphatase. It is proposed that this fraction may contain a mediator substance generateed in the presence of insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larner, J -- Galasko, G -- Cheng, K -- DePaoli-Roach, A A -- Huang, L -- Daggy, P -- Kellogg, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/228395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Glycogen-Synthase-D Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle Proteins/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Muscles/*drug effects ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; *Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Endocrine pancreas: three-dimensional reconstruction shows two types of islets of langerhans (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Three-dimensional reconstructions of islets of Langerhans, based on immunofluorescent staining of successive serial sections with antiserums to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide reveal a marked difference in the number of cells containing glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide depending on the anatomical location of the islet in the pancreas. The two types of islets are situated in regions of exocrine tissue that are drained by different excretory ducts. This demonstration contradicts the assumption that all islets in the pancreas are similar in their endocrine cell content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baetens, D -- Malaisse-Lagae, F -- Perrelet, A -- Orci, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/390711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catheterization ; Glucagon/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Pancreatic Polypeptide/metabolism ; Rats ; Somatostatin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cigarette smoke inhalation decreases alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in rat lung (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Brief inhalation exposure of rats to three or six puffs of cigarette smoke significantly decreases elastase inhibitory capacity per milligram of alpha 1-antitrypsin in lung lavage fluid. This effect is not observed in ozone-tolerant rats and can be reversed by treating the lung lavage fluid from smoke-exposed rats with reducing agents. Samples of human serum obtained immediately after smoking also show decreased elastase inhibitory capacity per milligram of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Again, elastase inhibitory capacity can be restored by treatment with a reducing agent. Cigarette smoking may cause emphysema by inactivating alpha 1-antitrypsin through oxidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janoff, A -- Carp, H -- Lee, D K -- Drew, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1313-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/316187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Lung/drug effects/*enzymology ; Male ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone ; Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism ; Plants, Toxic ; Rats ; Smoke ; Smoking/*physiopathology ; Tobacco ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: After mature rats that had been fed on a vitamin D3-deficient diet were injected with tritium-labeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, radioactivity became concentrated in nuclei of luminal and cryptal epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon; in nuclei of the epithelium of kidney distal tubules including the macula densa, and in podocytes of glomeruli; in nuclei of the epidermis including outer hairshafts and sebaceous glands; and in nuclei of certain cells of the stomach, anterior and posterior pituitary, and parathyroid. These results reveal cell types that contain receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or metabolites of this compound both in known or hypothesized target tissues and in tissues that were previously unknown to participate in vitamin D3 metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stumpf, W E -- Sar, M -- Reid, F A -- Tanaka, Y -- DeLuca, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Digestive System/*metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Glands/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Rats ; Skin/*metabolism ; Stomach/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Microwaves: effect on thermoregulatory behavior in rats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: Rats, with their fur clipped, pressed a lever to turn on an infrared lamp while in a cold chamber. When they were exposed to continuous-wave microwaves at 2450 megahertz for 15-minute periods, the rate at which they turned on the infrared lamp decreased as a function of the microwave power density, which ranged between 5 and 20 milliwatts per square centimeter. This result indicates that behaviorally significant levels of heating may occur at an exposure duration and intensities that do not produce measurable changes in many other behavioral measures or in colonic temperature. Further study of how microwaves affect thermoregulatory behavior may help us understand such phenomena as the reported "nonthermal" behavioral effects of microwaves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, S -- Margolin, L -- Weiss, B -- Lu, S T -- Michaelson, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*radiation effects ; Body Temperature Regulation/*radiation effects ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Prenatal stress reduces fertility and fecundity in female offspring (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Female rats subjected to prenatal stress later experienced fewer conceptions, more spontaneous abortions and vaginal hemorrhaging, longer pregnancies, and fewer viable young than nonstressed rats. The offspring of the prenatally stressed rats were lighter in weight and less likely to survive the neonatal period. Prenatal stress may influence the balance of adrenal and gonadal hormones during a critical stage of fetal hypothalamic differentiation, thereby producing a variety of reproductive dysfunctions in adulthood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herrenkohl, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/573923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disorders of Sex Development/etiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*etiology ; Lighting ; Litter Size ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Reproduction ; Stress, Psychological/*complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Conditioned tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethyl alcohol (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Results from experiments with rats support the proposition that tolerance to the hypothermic effect of alcohol involves the Pavlovian conditioning of compensatory responses. Tolerance was substantially reduced when alcohol was administered in an environment that had not been associated with alcohol. Direct evidence of a conditioned hyperthermic compensatory response was found.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Le, A D -- Poulos, C X -- Cappell, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1109-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Drug Tolerance ; Environment ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hypothermia/chemically induced ; Male ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Cerebral vessels have the capacity to transport sodium and potassium (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: The activity of Na+, K+-activated adenosinetriphosphatase and the uptake of a potassium analog, rubidium, were found to be similar in cerebral microvessels and choroid plexus when measured in vitro. This similarity suggests that sodium and potassium concentrations in the nascent brain extracellular fluid are determined by the same active process that regulates their concentration in nascent cerebrospinal fluid. The brain microvessels may thereby play on active role in brain potassium homeostasis and brain extracellular fluid formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberg, H M -- Suddith, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Brain/blood supply/*metabolism ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism ; Choroid Plexus/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Microcirculation/enzymology ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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